How to Be an Active Citizen and Spark Change | Gabriel Marmentini | TED

翻译人员: Lening Xu

Here you can see a Brazilian baby.

你可以看到图里巴西的婴儿。

Cute, huh?

可爱，对吧？

And he isn't just a baby.

他不只是个婴儿。

It's a baby citizen.

他是个小公民。

Once we are born, voila!

瞧，我们一出生，

Magically, we are already citizens, right?

我们就已经神奇地成为公民，对吧？

Partially right, at least for me.

部分正确，至少对我来说是这样。

Yes, we do have rights, duties, we belong to a nation.

是的，我们确实有权利和义务， 我们属于一个国家。

When growing up, we are probably going to pay taxes and to vote.

长大后，我们可能会纳税和投票。

And all these are well-known characteristics for good citizens.

所有这些都是优秀公民众所周知的特征。

And indeed they are relevant, they are true.

事实上，它们是相关的，是真实的。

But thinking just this way,

但是这样想，

we are reducing a beautiful concept of citizenship.

我们简化了公民身份的美好概念。

Because citizenship is way more than that,

因为公民身份远不止于此，

and I’ll explain why soon.

我马上会解释原因。

By the way, I am this baby.

顺便说一句，这个宝贝就是我。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I mean, I was.

我的意思是，我是。

And I was smiling in this picture because mommy told me

照片中的我在微笑，

是因为妈妈告诉我 有一天我会成为一个伟大的公民。

that I would be a great citizen one day.

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And I would do a TED Talk to share my ideas.

我会来TED演讲分享我的想法。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But unfortunately, this is not true.

但不幸的是，事实并非如此。

My mom never told me that.

我妈妈从未没告诉过我。

How could she?

她怎么可能？

No one prepared her to be a citizen.

没有人让她做好成为公民的准备。

Then she wouldn't know what is to be a great one, right?

所以她不知道怎样才是 伟大的公民，对吧？

People in my country are mostly individuals rather than citizens,

我国人民大多是个人而非公民，

like my mom and myself in the past.

就像过去的我妈妈和我自己一样。

And that's the point here.

这就是重点。

The unpreparedness for citizenship

对公民身份的准备不足

is the most democratic behavior among us Brazilians.

是我们巴西人中最民主的行为。

It doesn't matter where you came from, your gender, your age,

不管你来自哪里， 你的性别，你的年龄，

your professional background, or any other thing.

你的专业背景或任何其他东西。

The probability that you are a prepared citizen is really low.

你成为有准备的 公民的可能性非常低。

And for the context, I am 30 years old

就背景而言，我今年 30 岁，

and our constitution is just 35.

我们的宪法只有 35 岁。

So it's really new, right?

所以它真的很新，对吧？

We are still figuring out how to be a democracy.

我们仍在研究 如何成为一个民主国家。

You probably already got my point here.

你可能已经明白我的意思了。

We are not baby citizens, no one is born as a citizen.

我们不是小公民， 没有人天生就是公民。

We are just individuals.

我们只是个人。

And citizenship is something

公民身份是我们可以 通过生活经历征服的东西。

that we might conquer through life experiences.

Citizenship requires effort.

公民身份需要付出努力。

We need to acquire knowledge.

我们需要获得知识。

We need to pass through real life experiences where we put our hands on.

我们需要通过实际的生活经验， 那些亲历亲为的经验。

And maybe we can be called a citizen one day.

也许有一天我们可以被称为公民。

And that's my idea worth spreading here.

这是我的想法，值得在这里传播。

The only takeaway I want you to bring back home

我唯一想让你带回家的

is the reflection about you being a citizen or just an individual.

就是关于你是一个公民或者 仅仅是一个个体的思考。

And for those who think that can strengthen your journey

那些认为这样可以增加经验以成为 更好公民或开始成为公民的人，

to be a better citizen or to start being a citizen,

I have here the citizen metamorphosis process to share with you.

我想在这里与大家分享 公民蜕变的过程。

It's just four ingredients, it's really basic stuff.

它只有四个要素， 确实是基本的因素。

You're going to see that there is nothing mind-blowing there.

你会发现没有什么惊天动地的。

What is mind-blowing in my ingredients

令人难以置信的仅仅是， 我们只是没有将它们付诸实践，

is that we are just not putting them in practice,

and I don't know why.

也不知道为什么。

They are simple, fun and necessary.

它们简单、有趣且必要。

But before entering the citizen metamorphosis process,

但是在进入公民蜕变过程之前，

I need to align with you three assumptions.

我需要调整三个假设。

Citizenship for Gabriel in my conception is about solving public problems.

在我看来，加布里埃尔的公民身份 是解决公共问题。

So if you're not going toward solving things that are bothering you in society,

因此，如果你不打算解决 社会上困扰你的问题，

if you're not choosing a problem that resonates with your heart

如果你不选择一个能引起你内心 和思想共鸣的问题 ，

and with your mind and really try to solve it,

并真正努力解决这个问题，

you are not a citizen for me.

那么你就不是我所说的公民。

Secondly, the state is not a hero.

其次，国家不是英雄。

We rely and we expect a lot of things,

我们期望很多东西， 依赖有人来解决我们的问题，

that someone is going to solve our problems,

especially the state, in some countries.

在有些地方，尤其是国家的问题。

And the state, of course, is important, but it’s just one actor.

当然，国家很重要， 但它只是其中一个参与者。

We need to unite all sectors to solve public problems together.

我们需要团结所有部门， 共同解决公共问题。

And finally, we are a complex society.

最后，我们处在一个复杂的社会。

We can see wicked problems everywhere, every day.

我们随时随地都能看到邪恶的问题。

Just take a look at the UN agenda for 2030.

看看联合国 2030 年的议程就知道了。

Maybe we are just copy and pasting the SDGs and trying again

也许我们只是复制并粘贴 可持续发展目标然后再试一次，

because we are failing a lot.

因为我们失败了很多次。

So we need to solve public problems together.

因此，我们需要共同解决公共问题。

That's about being a citizen.

那就是成为公民。

So now I have my ingredients here to share with you.

现在我要和大家分享我的要素。

It's just four.

只有四个。

Nothing mind-blowing there.

没有什么惊天动地的。

Remember, basic stuff.

记住，基本的东西。

In Brazil, we like to call basic stuff as the rice and the beans.

在巴西，我们喜欢把基本的东西 称为黑豆饭。

It’s a delicious dish that we eat a lot.

这是一道我们经常吃的美味佳肴。

So we need to look forward for the rice and the beans

因此，作为公民，我们期待 黑豆饭能有所作为。

to do something as citizens.

First, political knowledge.

首先，政治知识。

We are raised listening to bad things about politics, right?

我们是听着政治上的坏事长大的，对吧？

It's something that is corrupted, it's boring, it's difficult to understand,

这是一种腐败、无聊、难以理解的东西，

so we must avoid it.

所以我们必须避开它。

那是错误的。

That's wrong.

Politics is beautiful,

政治是美好的，

and it's a beauty tool for transformation.

也是变革的美好工具。

But we need to understand how to use it.

但是我们需要了解如何使用它。

And when you dive into this concept,

当你深入研究这个概念时，

you need to acquire the basic knowledge to understand your country,

你需要获得基础知识 来了解你的国家，

how your country is organized,

你的国家是如何组织的， 有哪些机构，

which institutions are there,

what they do,

它们在做什么，政党是什么， 意识形态，

what are the political parties,

the ideologies,

why you're paying taxes,

你为什么要纳税， 你的钱去哪里。

where your money is going.

All these basic answers you must have to be a citizen.

成为一个公民， 你必须了解所有这些基本答案。

If you don't have it, you need to look forward for it.

如果你没有掌握这些， 则需要拭目以待。

Especially in a world of misinformation, this gets quite important.

尤其是在一个充满错误信息的世界中， 这变得非常重要。

So political knowledge as the first ingredient.

因此，政治知识是第一要素。

The second one is plural dialogue.

第二个是多元对话。

It's really comfortable to talk about people we love and we agree with.

谈论我们所爱和认同的人真的很舒适。

And finding divergency,

而发现分歧，

people that will make us feel uncomfortable somehow

让我们感到不舒服的人

is just making us grow.

只会促使我们成长。

Going outside the bubbles, the echo chambers and all this.

走出气泡，回声室等等。

It’s important, and I promise you, you’re going to learn something new.

这很重要，我向你保证， 你会学到新东西。

这不是要容忍所有事情， 认同人们所说的一切，

It's not about tolerating everything

and agreeing with everything people will say,

but it's about trying to understand how they got to this perspective

而是试图理解 他们是如何得出这种观点，

以及你能从他们那里学到什么。

and what can you learn from them.

Thirdly, we have civic empathy,

第三，我们有公民同理心，

and I bet you've been listening to the word empathy a lot recently.

我敢打赌你最近经常 听同理心这个词。

But I'm not talking about empathy with human beings.

但我说的不是对人类的同理心。

That, of course, is something important.

当然，这很重要。

But are we exercising empathy with our neighborhood,

但是，我们是否对街区、社区、 城市表现出同理心？

with our community, with our city?

Trying to see our city as a human being for a moment

尝试将我们的城市看作一个人，

and understand there’s emotions there, [suffering].

理解那里的情绪，痛苦。

We need to help it to be better

我们需要帮助它变得更好，

and to identify our city gaps is our role as citizens

识别我们的城市差距 是我们作为公民的职责，

and acknowledge that all problems that are surrounding us

承认围绕并困扰我们的所有问题 都是我们造成的。

and that are bothering us, we made them.

Somehow, we contributed to the existence of these problems.

不知何故，我们助长了 这些问题的存在。

So this is civic empathy.

因此，这是公民的同理心。

And finally, community protagonism.

最后，是社区的主角。

And I love this, because what is the point of having knowledge,

我喜欢这个，

如果不动手，拥有知识，知道如何对话， 理解你的城市差距有什么意义呢？

knowing how to dialogue,

understanding your city gaps,

if you're not putting your hands on to do something?

And these beautiful words here tell us two things:

这里的这些漂亮的话 告诉我们两件事：

community first.

社区第一。

You need to look local and then maybe you can go global.

你需要把目光投向本地， 然后也许你可以走向全球。

The big revolution comes from small revolution.

大变革来源于小变革。

So look to your community and that's good.

所以关注你的社区，这很好。

And protagonism because you have the power.

还有成为主角，因为你有力量。

You can do whatever you want, you just need to move on for it.

你可以做任何你想做的事， 你只需要继续前进即可。

So I've been applying this recipe for a long time

我应用这个秘诀已有很长时间了，

in two civil society organizations I cofounded in Brazil with my team.

在巴西我与团队 共同创立的两个民间社会组织中。

And I can assure you that it's possible to mix up these ingredients

我可以向你保证，把这些要素 组合起来形成一个好方案是可行的，

and do a good recipe

where you're going to take people that are just individuals, spectators,

你要把那些个体、旁观者带到另一边，

and bring them to a side where they can find themselves

让他们发现自己 是变革者、解决者、公民。

as change makers, as solvers, as citizens.

And especially we do this better when we design a journey that is simple,

尤其当我们设计一个简单、有趣、 有意义和切实的过程时，会做得更好。

fun, meaningful and tangible.

Creating safe spaces where people really feel that they belong

创造安全的空间， 让人们真正感受到归属感，

and that we can embrace mistakes as part of the process.

我们可以将错误视为过程的一部分。

And here are the kind of things that you can see possible

以下是你在接受公民身份培训后 可以看到的事情。

after being trained for citizenship.

You can teach other people about the political knowledge

你可以向其他人传授 刚刚获得的政治知识。

that you just acquired.

You can put people to dialogue,

你可以让人们参与对话，

facilitating conversations about tough topics

化解棘手话题的对话，

where people are going to broaden their tolerance and open their minds.

在这些话题中， 人们将扩大容忍度并开放思想。

You can do awareness campaigns

你可以开展宣传活动来强调

to put emphasis

and spreading messages that are relevant for you.

和传播与你相关的信息。

You can monitor the government

你可以监督政府，

and work with it as peers to improve your society.

并以同行身份与之合作， 推动社会进步。

You can formulate local diagnosis of public problems

你可以构想公共问题的地方性解决方案，

to understand your city gaps,

以了解你所在城市的差距，

and put in practice the civic empathy that I just told you.

并将我刚才告诉你的公民同理心 付诸实践。

You can use these city gaps to create public policies from scratch

例如，你可以利用这些城市差距，

使用我们的方法从头开始制定公共政策，

using our methodology, for example,

that is free and available for everybody online.

这种方法是免费的， 所有人都可以在线使用。

Telling people what is the life cycle of a public policy.

告诉人们公共政策的生命周期是什么。

You can take your ideas as public policies

你可以把自己的想法当作公共政策，

and advocate in your municipality,

在市政当局进行宣传，

doing some kind of lobby to see your ideas coming through.

进行某种游说， 让你的想法付诸实践。

And that's precisely the spotlight that I want to put here,

这正是我想在这里聚焦的点，

because we all were taught that the state,

因为我们都被告知

the government has this monopoly of building these public policies.

国家和政府在制定这些公共政策 方面拥有这种垄断地位。

And everybody here can be a policymaker, not just policy takers.

在座的每个人都可以成为政策制定者， 而不仅仅是政策接受者。

Magda and Vitor, for example,

例如，玛格达（Magd）和维托尔（Vitor）

developed a public policy where they created a mobile application

制定了一项公共政策， 他们创建了一个移动应用程序，

to help the elderly to find their rights really easily

以帮助老年人真正轻松地 行使自己的权利，

and also access to basic services in their municipality.

获得所在城市的基本服务。

The proposal was approved by the city council,

该提案已获得市议会的批准，

and it's just awaiting for the executive branch to approve the budget.

正在等待行政部门批准预算。

They did that from scratch.

他们是从头开始做的。

Secondly, we have Rafael.

其次，还有拉斐尔（ Rafael）。

That, in the other hand, created the skateboarding week.

他创建滑板周。

Besides being an Olympic sport now,

除了现在成为一项奥林匹克运动外，

it's really important for kids in Brazil to have better opportunities.

对于巴西的孩子来说， 有更好的机会真的很重要。

So he presented to the city councilor,

因此，他向市议员提交了议案，

they approved and it's happening in his town now.

他们批准了议案， 现在他所在的城镇正在实施。

Finally, we have Folashade.

最后，是弗拉夏德（ Folashade ）。

She just presented a public policy

她刚刚提出了一项刺激所在地区 文化旅游业的公共政策，

to stimulate the cultural tourism in her region,

putting the original and traditional communities

在为游客创造课程和体验的过程中， 将原始和传统社区置于中心。

into the center of the process

of creating courses and experiences to the tourists.

The proposal hasn't been approved yet,

该提案尚未获得批准，

but has been presented.

但已经提出。

The first step has been taken.

迈出了第一步。

We must celebrate it.

我们必须庆祝一下。

If all these people, and baby Gabriel, now a man,

如果所有这些人， 以及现在是男人的小加布里埃尔，

became citizens and are involved [in] solving public problems,

成为公民并参与解决公共问题，

everyone can be one as well.

那么每个人也可以合而为一。

But the reason why I brought my baby image here

但我之所以把自己的婴儿照片 带到这里，

is not because I found myself beautiful.

并不是因为我觉得自己很漂亮。

It's because we all need to remember

这是因为我们都需要记住，

that the systemic change will only happen

只有当我们从一开始就以公民身份 抚养孩子时，系统性变革才会发生。

when we start raising our kids as citizens since the beginning.

Politics, democracy, citizenship

政治、民主、公民身份

are not concepts that are out there that we can’t touch.

不是我们无法触及的概念。

We need to feel them, we need to live them.

我们需要感知他们， 我们需要活在其中。

They are a set of values that we need to cultivate inside us

它们是我们从一开始就需要 在内心培养的一套价值观。

since the beginning.

It's a lifetime project.

这是一个终身项目。

Remember, citizenship cannot be taken for granted.

请记住，不能将 公民身份视为理所当然。

You must deserve it.

这是你应得的。

You must conquer it.

你必须征服它。

Citizenship must be earned.

必须获得公民身份。

See you on the other side.

另一边见。

Thank you so much.

非常感谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）