What Women Athletes Need to Unlock Their Full Potential | Kate Ackerman | TED

翻译人员: Belle Heng 校对人员: suya f.

I want you all to imagine a place where female athletes could come

我想让大家想象一个地方 是能让女性运动员来到

and they could get interdisciplinary medical care

并且可以得到跨学科的医疗保障

and they could get the answers to their questions

以及得到她们问题所对应的答案

so that they could achieve peak performance

由此她们能在整个人生里 达到最佳竞技水准。

throughout their life span.

Where they could get educated

在那里，她们可以了解

about the physical changes that happen during puberty,

青春期时的生理变化，

where they could learn how to use their menstrual cycle

她们能够学习如何利用经期 在比赛中发挥优势，

to their performance advantage,

where they could get sex-specific injury prevention advice,

能得到针对女性的预防伤病指导，

where they could get nutritional advice,

能了解营养学知识，

mental health support,

获得心理健康辅导，

where they could learn how to train through pregnancy and postpartum,

学习如何在孕期和产后进行训练，

where they could learn how to train

学习如何在更年期过渡期 及以后进行训练。

through the menopausal transition and beyond.

We know that female sports involvement

众所周知，女性的运动参与度

correlates with female success.

与女性的成功密不可分。

So isn't it time that we started investing in our female athletes

所以，现在我们不应该开始 支持我们的女运动员

and giving what they need

并保障她们的训练需求以便 她们能发挥出自己最大的潜能吗？

so that they can actually get to their full potential?

So I was born in 1972.

我于 1972 年出生.

(Cheering)

（欢呼）

That was a banner year, as we know,

大家都知道那是标志性的一年，

because that was the year of Title IX.

因为《第九条》在那年被颁布。

And Title IX was this unbelievable legislation

《第九条》是一项不可思议的法案，

that required that basically,

它基本上要求

在联邦政府资助的项目中 为女孩和妇女提供平等的体育机

there were equal sporting opportunities for girls and women

in federally funded programs.

So it's not really surprising that I would grow up to be an elite athlete,

所以毫不意外， 我长大后能成为一名精英运动员，

a sports medicine doctor, and a fierce advocate for women, right?

运动医师和女性 忠实的拥护者， 对吧？

I mean, check me out.

我的意思是, 看看我。

Here I am crushing it in a three-legged sack race.

这张照片里我赢了绑腿跑比赛。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And I started very young doing surgery.

我很小就开始做手术。

This is me operating on my brother,

这是我在弟弟身上操作，

using a needle nose pliers to try to remove his appendix.

用针头钳试图取出他的阑尾。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Actually, I wasn't that sporty when I was a kid.

实际上, 我幼时并不那么擅长体育。

I was much more into music and theater,

我更喜欢音乐和戏剧,

big hair, big makeup, jazz hands.

长发, 浓妆, 爵士手。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

In fact, I didn't even pass

实际上, 我根本没通过

the president's physical fitness test in sixth grade.

六年级的体能测试。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I was too slow at the 50-yard dash.

50 码冲刺时我跑得太慢了。

Poor Mrs. Leonard, she really tried with me.

可怜的李昂纳多女士, 她真的与我尝试过。

So no one was more surprised than I was

所以我比任何人都惊讶，

when I got to college and I discovered rowing.

当我上大学时并发现赛艇。

They just let me walk on.

他们直接让我上了。

There were no cuts, and I was not good.

当时没有任何捷径可走， 我发挥地也不好。

But I loved it and I was determined to figure it out.

但我热爱这项运动 并下定决心要把它琢磨透。

And that's where my journey began as a female athlete,

而这就是我作为女性运动员 职业生涯的开端，

where I learned so many of those lessons that we all learn from sport:

我从体育中收获颇多：

teamwork, perseverance, grit.

团队协作， 坚持不懈， 坚韧斗志。

I admit, I was a late bloomer,

我承认我是大器晚成，

but I still reap so many of those benefits that girls get from athletic involvement.

但我仍收获良多， 因为女孩参与运动能受益。

I had improved fitness,

我的体能更好了,

overall better health, more confidence.

身体也更健康, 人也更加自信。

We know that studies show that sports participation in girls in high school

研究表明高中与大学里 女性的体育运动参与度

and women in college

correlates with better GPAs and higher graduation rates.

和获得更高的绩点 和毕业率相关联。

I lived that statistic.

我就是这个数据的活例子。

I got good grades and I found my people.

我得了高分，也找到了同类。

And eventually I even made the varsity.

后来我甚至加入了校队。

And so by the time I graduated, I was hungry for more.

大学毕业时，我不想止步于此。

I wanted to see what my potential was.

我想看看自己有多大的潜能。

So I kept rowing, lots of rowing, lots of studying,

于是我继续划船， 划很多， 学习很多，

and I even made the US national team.

我甚至进了美国国家队。

I did that while I was at Johns Hopkins Medical School.

我在约翰·霍普金斯医学院时 就做了这些事。

I don't really recommend that combination.

我不建议同时学医和搞体育。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But my sixth grade gym teacher was really proud.

但我小学六年级的体育老师 真的很骄傲。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And I kept training.

我继续参加训练。

I did want to go to the Olympics, but I wasn't fast enough.

我当时很想去奥林匹克运动会， 但我划得还不够快。

There were only two spots for lightweight women

当时在轻量级双人组， 轻量级女运动员只有两个名额。

in the lightweight double.

And so I had to head home in 2000.

于是 2000 年我得回家。

I went back to medical school,

我回了医学院，

and I watched my friends row in Sydney from patient rooms in the hospital,

并在医院病房里的电视 看到朋友们在悉尼划船。

on the TV.

But I really needed to shift my focus.

但我真的很想转移注意力。

I still loved sports, and I had to figure out

我还热爱着体育，我必须弄明白

how I was going to combine my medical career with women's sports.

我能如何将我的医学生涯 与女子运动结合起来。

And I had learned a lot

我在奥林匹克训练中心时 学到了很多。

from my time at the Olympic Training Center.

We really don't know if I ever reached my potential as an athlete,

我们不知道，我作为一名运动员， 是否将潜能发挥到了极致。

but that experience was so good for me.

但那段经历对我来说非常有益。

I experienced a lot, I witnessed a lot.

我经历了许多，也见证了许多。

We had a male coach

我们有一位男教练，

who used to make us do a lot of the same workouts as the men.

他常让我们像男人一样训练。

It didn't matter whether we were lightweights or we were open weights,

无论我们是轻量级还是无差别级，

whether we were in a single or an eight.

无论我们是单人还是八人组。

We did do lactate testing,

我们还做了乳酸检测，

but we didn't get our blood checked for iron deficiency

但我们没查血，看看是否缺铁

or other nutritional deficiencies.

或者缺少其他营养物质。

We had body composition testing,

我们做了人体成分测试，

but that was more for our coach to post

但那是教练想告知更多

and show us where we each could lose more fat.

并向我们展示哪里 能减去更多脂肪。

A lot of the lightweights lost their menstrual cycle.

许多轻量级运动员都不来月经。

We just thought that meant we were training hard

我们以为这意味着 我们训练很努力

and we were working really hard, and we we're nice and lean.

并且埋头苦练， 很美也很瘦。

You know, a lot of us developed poor body image.

你知道吗，我们很多人 身体形象都发展得很差。

And at that time, most of us didn't know what the female athlete triad was.

那时，我们大部分都不知道 什么是女运动员三联症。

This combination of low energy availability,

这个综合征包括能量摄取不足

where you don't eat enough calories for how much you're expending,

也就是摄入的卡路里 无法满足所消耗的，

menstrual dysfunction

月经不调，

and poor bone health and stress fractures.

还有骨质不佳和疲劳性骨折。

We had a doctor that would come in,

我们有一位随队医生，

it was usually a different doctor every couple of weeks.

通常每几周就会换人。

Nobody asked us about our periods, and we definitely didn’t talk about it.

没人问过我们的月经状况， 我们肯定也没提过。

You know, even the open-weight women had issues

要知道，就连参加无差别级格斗 的女性也面临健康问题，

where they would get urinary incontinence if they tried to do the track workouts.

像是在她们做跑步训练时， 可能会尿失禁。

So they were always trying to dodge the track workouts.

所以她们会一直避免跑步。

They'd come up with excuses so they could skip those practices.

她们会找各种理由不做这部分训练。

And we didn't even know what normal medical care should be.

我们甚至不知道 正常的医疗应该是什么样的。

In rowing, a lot of us experienced rib stress injuries.

我们很多划船运动员 都经历过肋骨应力性损伤。

So those happen from overtraining, underfueling or a combination.

可能因为过度训练， 摄入不足，或者两者都有。

And so we didn't know if it was appropriate or not

所以我们不知道是否合适，

when we went to see the doctor about a rib stress injury

在我们找医生看侧边肋骨应力性损伤时

that was off to the side

and he was doing a breast exam on all of us.

他给我们每个人做了胸部检测。

He didn't explain what he was doing.

他没有解释他在做什么。

We just didn't really feel comfortable with that.

但我们真的因此而感觉不自在。

很明显，他并不了解赛艇运动员。

He obviously wasn't familiar with rowers.

So I loved training with the other women,

所以我很喜欢跟其他女队员一起训练，

but I didn’t really like the environment.

但我真的不喜欢那种环境。

And I thought that female athletes deserved more.

而我觉得女性运动员值得更好的对待。

So when I headed back to med school,

所以当我回到医学院后，

I decided to contact the US Olympic Committee,

我决定联系美国奥林匹克委员会，

what's now known as the US Olympic and Paralympic Committee.

现在叫做美国奥林匹克 与残疾人奥林匹克委员会。

And I thought, wow, it would be so great

我就想，哇，能和那些经历过这些的女性 聊一聊真的是太棒了。

to talk to the women who've been through all of this.

Do they have a database

他们会不会有一个数据库

of the former female athletes that have been involved in Olympic sports?

记录那些参加过 奥林匹克运动的前女性运动员？

They said, "Of course we do.

他们说：“当然有。

We have contact information for over 700 people, 700 women."

我们有超过 700 人， 700 位女性的联系方式。”

I thought, awesome.

我想，这太棒了吧。

I would really like to survey them.

我真的很想对她们做一个调查。

I'd like to ask them about their menstrual histories,

我想问她们的月经史，

about their fertility,

她们的生育率，

about the different injuries they might have had.

她们有过什么样的伤病。

How did they transition out of sport?

她们怎么从体育转行的？

What kind of exercise were they doing now?

她们现在做什么类型的运动？

What were their long-term health issues?

她们有哪些长期的健康问题？

And you know what the USOC said to me?

那你们知道奥委会是怎么回复我的吗？

"Hell, no."

“绝对不行。”

"Why? This is a really good group of people.

“为什么？ 这是一群非常棒的人。

What a great group to learn from."

多么值得我们学习啊。”

"Because we don't want to know.

“因为我们不想知道。

It'll look bad for women.

这会让女性感到难堪。

And what are we going to do about it?"

还有到时候我们会为此做什么？”

So I did what most women do.

所以我做了一件大多数女性都会做的事。

I felt bad and thought it was my fault.

我感觉很糟，我觉得这是我的错。

"Well, shoot, I didn't become an Olympian.

“那好，天哪，我没有 成为一个奥运会选手。

So that's why they don't want to share it with me"

所以他们不想与我分享。”

or, "I'm not done with med school yet.

或，“我还没读完医学。

这肯定是为什么他们不想 分享此信息。”

That must be why they're not sharing this information."

然后，我做了女性常做的另一件事。

So then I did the other thing that women often do.

I decided to put my head down

我决定集中精力 并过度教育和过度补偿。

and just get overeducated and overcompensate.

So I finished med school.

我完成了医学院的学业。

I went off and studied biostatistics and epidemiology

我去了哈佛大学的公共卫生学院 读了生物统计学和流行病学。

at the Harvard School of Public Health.

I went to Penn and did my internal medicine residency.

我又去了宾大做了 我的内部医学住院医师实习。

And then I went back to Harvard and did a sports fellowship

接着，我回到了哈佛做了一个体育协会

and an endocrine fellowship.

以及内分泌协会。

At this point, my family, my friends,

在此刻，我家人，我朋友，

my colleagues thought I was nuts.

我同事都认为我疯了。

They were like, "Will you just get on with it?

他们说， “你能不能就让它过去？

Why are you doing all this schooling? What are you afraid of?

你为什么要做这些研读？ 你在怕什么？

And if you're really interested in sports medicine,

若你真的对运动医学感兴趣，

为何不直接成为一名 骨科外科医生？”

why don't you become an orthopedic surgeon?"

Usually sports is just run by orthopedic surgeons.

运动通常都由骨科外科医生进行。

Well, I liked the OR,

嗯，我喜欢手术室，

and I liked watching surgeons put bones back together

喜欢看外科医生将骨头重新组合起来

and repair and reconstruct joints.

并修复和重建关节。

But I wanted to do something different with my career.

但我想在我的职业生涯中 做一些不一样的事情。

I was more interested in physiology.

我对生理学更感兴趣。

I really thought that sports medicine should be interdisciplinary.

我认为运动医学应该是跨学科的。

And I cared about endocrine, hormones and cardiovascular systems.

而我在乎内分泌、 激素和心血管系统。

I cared about mental health and nutrition.

我在乎心理健康和营养。

So then ...

所以

I was lucky to have a male boss who actually believed in me.

我非常幸运能有一位相信我的男老板。

He was a he-for-she,

他是一位“他为她”，

an orthopedic surgeon who understood what I was saying.

一位明白我所说的骨科外科医生。

And in 2013, he gave me the opportunity to launch a female athlete program.

在 2013 年， 他给了我机会 来开始一个有关女性运动员的活动。

That same year,

同一年里，

我和我的朋友们认为 能举办女运动员会议会真的很酷。

my friends and I thought it would be really cool

to throw a female athlete conference.

Now, we were scrappy,

此刻，我们斗志旺盛，

but we just wanted to get coaches, athletes, parents,

但我们只想找到 教练， 运动员， 家长，

other medical professionals, all together

其他的医疗专业人士，全部一起

so that we could talk about what we need to know about female athletes.

以便我们能讨论我们所需的 关于女运动员的信息。

If people knew better, they could do better.

若人们都能更好的了解， 他们就能做得更好。

So we wanted to educate people.

所以我们像教育人们。

We wanted to get the network together.

我们想将全部都联系在一起。

We wanted to collaborate.

我们想协作。

So there were international people coming together

于是就有了国际认识聚集在一起

and we were combining resources.

而我们正收集着资源。

And we wanted to inspire other people to do this work.

我们想激励其他人参与 来做这些工作。

Our first conference was at a small school outside of Boston.

我们的第一个会议 是在一所波士顿郊外的小型学校。

They donated the space to us.

他们把地方捐给了我们。

Our out-of-town speakers stayed at my house.

我们的外地演讲者都住在我家。

But over time, we've grown.

但随着时间的推移，我们增长了。

It's now an international biennial female athlete conference.

现在已经是两年一度的 国际女运动员大会了。

The last one had people from over 32 countries.

最后一次的大会 有来自 32 个国家的人。

And it’s something we really look forward to every year.

这是一个我们每年都非常向往的事。

我们已经建立了强大的关系， 并正因为这关系在一起做着更多的研究

We’ve made huge connections, and we’re doing more research together

because of these connections.

But there's so much more to do.

但是还有很多事需要去做。

We know that female athletes lag behind

我们知道，

与男孩相比，女运动员 在运动上的参与方面都落后了。

in terms of their participation in sport

compared to boys.

And this dropout rate really widens as girls go through adolescence.

而随着女孩进入青春期， 这种掉队率确实会增加。

So we need to be doing more

所以我们需要做更多

because we know that sports actually doesn't only help with physical health

因为我们知道运动其实 不只有助于我们的身体和心理健康

and mental health,

but it also helps propel girls into successful careers.

但也能推动女孩 进入成功的职业生涯。

80 percent of female Fortune 500 executives were athletes.

80% 的财富 500 强女性 高管都是运动员。

94 percent of the women in C-suites did sports.

94% 的女性高管都从事体育运动。

But between 2014 and 2020,

但在 2014 年 至 2020 年间，

when you look at the top sports exercise science journals,

当你查看顶级运动科学期刊时，

only six percent of the publications,

只有 6% 的出版物，

six percent of the articles, focused solely on women.

6% 的文章，关注到女性。

We've got to do better.

我们必须做得更好。

We can't just apply studies and data from male rats

我们不能只将雄性老鼠和男性 的研究和数据都用于女孩和妇女。

and male humans to girls and women.

We're different.

我们是不一样的。

So we kept plugging away,

于是我们都在埋头苦干，

and then 2020 hit.

然后 2020 年便到来了。

And the world as we know it came to a screeching halt.

我们都知道世界戛然而止。

We were taking care of our family, our friends, our patients.

我们都在照顾着我们的家人， 我们的朋友，我们的病人。

We lost loved ones.

我们失去了亲人。

We became depressed and stressed, and our athletes did too.

我们感到沮丧和压力， 运动员也一样。

School was canceled.

学校被取消了。

Sports were canceled.

运动被取消了。

The Olympics were postponed.

奥运会延期举行。

And yet our female athlete clinic exploded

然而，我们的女运动员诊所却爆发了，

because our girls were handling the stress

因为女孩们为了应对压力

by overexercising, underfueling, worrying about their body image.

过度锻炼、补充不足的能量、 担心自己的身体形象。

They were getting injuries,

她们都受伤了，

and they were getting severe eating disorders.

而且出现了严重的饮食失调。

But two great things happened.

但是发生了两件大事。

One, in a full-circle moment,

一，转了一圈，

the new and improved US Olympic and Paralympic Committee contacted me

那个新的、改进后的美国奥委会 和残奥委会联系了我

and asked me if I would cochair

并问我是否愿意担任新成立的 妇女健康工作组的联合主席。

a newly-formed Women's Health Task force.

What?

什么？

Of course.

当然了。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声和欢呼）

They wanted me to determine the research needs

他们想让我决定研究的需求

and develop treatment protocols for their athletes.

并为他们的运动员们制定治疗方案。

This was a new era.

这是一个新的时代。

Not only was I getting access to the database,

我不仅能接触数据库，

but they wanted transparency, and they wanted to work together

但他们想要透明度， 并想要一起合作

to help solve the issues.

来解决问题。

And the other cool thing that happened

而另一件发生的非常酷的事

was that I was contacted by the advisor to a philanthropist.

是我收到了一位慈善家的顾问的联系。

Now, this is new territory for me.

此刻，这对我来说是一个新的领域。

I don’t usually get these kind of cold calls.

我通常不会接到这种推销电话。

But they wanted me to work with five other individuals,

但他们希望我与其他五个人， 其他机构的领导人，一起合作

leaders from other institutions,

to help design and launch the Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance.

来设计和执行吴蔡人类表现联盟。

They wanted us to work together

他们希望我们合作

to discover principles of peak performance,

发掘最佳表现的原则，

translate those to youth athlete development,

将那些化为青少年运动员的发展，

athletic excellence,

卓越的运动能力，

resiliency and healthy, long life spans.

坚韧和健康，寿命长。

And they wanted me to lead the female athlete component of that.

他们希望我能领导其中的女运动员部分。

OK, So that should be the end of my TED Talk,

好，那我的 TED 演讲 就到此结束了，

woo, and the rest of the world is great.

哇，世界的其他地方都很好了。

But this propelled us,

但这推动着我们， 让我们持续前进。

this got us to keep moving.

We were already doing all this international work,

我们已经在做着这些国际的工作了，

and this gave us more energy and sped up the whole process.

而这让我们有更多的精力 并加速了整个过程。

We were already working on sex and menstrual cycle effects

我们已经研究了性别和月经周期 对运动表现的影响，

on performance,

there's so much more we need to learn there.

还有非常多的是我们必须去学习的。

We are working on relative energy deficiency in sport.

我们正在研究运动中 的相对能量不足问题。

We continue our work with learning about pregnancy and postpartum,

我们继续努力了解怀孕和产后的知识，

psychological resilience,

心理弹性，伤害预防和恢复、

injury prevention and recovery,

the intersections of race, gender, sexual orientation, class and ability,

种族，性别，性取向， 阶级和能力的交叉点，

as well as the effects of menopause.

以及更年期的影响。

I just told you I'm pushing 50.

我刚刚才告诉你我要奔50了。

My teammates and I, we want to know what's coming.

我的队友们和我， 我们想知道接下来会发生什么。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But this is where you all come in.

但这就是你们参与的时候了。

Our sports systems, our medical systems,

我们的体育系统，我们的医疗系统，

our cultures are not built for girls and women.

我们的文化不是为女孩 和女性所建的。

We don't have a one-stop shop,

我们没有一站式商店，

a physical facility to get all of this work done.

一个实体设施来完成这些工作。

And people are looking to us, the Female Athlete Program,

而人们正在寻找着我们， 女运动员计划，

to build this center.

来建立这个中心。

We really are the ones who are supposed to be taking this deep dive.

我们确实是那些应该深入研究的人。

But we need to be working together, and we need to have it all under one roof.

但我们必须一起合作， 我们需要集中这些在一个屋檐下。

Like the vision we talked about.

就像我们所谈到的愿景。

Having the athletes come to us

让运动员来到我们这里，

and have all this stuff available in one place

在一个地方提供这些东西，

and have sports scientists working together with them.

并让运动科学家与他们一起工作。

We want to do this so that we can be a model.

我们想这样做， 这样我们就可以成为一个榜样。

We're further along than anywhere else in the world,

我们比世界上任何地方都走得更远，

but they're looking to us so that we can be the model

但他们正指望着我们，

以便我们能够成为帮助 他们在其他地方建立中心的榜样。

to help them build it elsewhere.

而我们能合作并帮助它成长。

And we can collaborate and help let it grow.

We've been trying to launch this vision,

我们正一直努力地实现这个愿景，

but we cannot just rely on Clara Wu and Joseph Tsai's generosity.

但我们不能仅仅依靠吴明华 和蔡崇信的慷慨。

We need to demand more from others.

我们需要向其他人提出更多的要求。

And so we need you to demand more from others.

因此我们需要你们来向别人 提出更多的要求。

We need people to really invest.

我们需要人们来投资。

I'm talking about the sports companies,

我是说那些运动公司，

the medical institutions and other foundations.

医疗机构和其他基金会。

We don't just want lip service.

我们不想要只是嘴上说说而已。

There are athletes who are afraid to tell their sponsors

有些运动员害怕告诉他们的赞助商

that they want to get pregnant

他们想要生孩子

because they're afraid they'll get dropped.

因为他们害怕 他们自己会被弃掉。

有些运动员受伤时不想发声

There are athletes who don't want to speak up when they're injured

因为他们害怕失去赞助。

because they're afraid they'll lose their sponsorship.

仅仅挂上了招牌， 做了件漂亮的胸罩，

It's not good enough to just hang a shingle,

make a pretty sports bra,

或做了双新运动鞋是不够好的。

or make a new sneaker.

We need more than that, we need true investment.

我们需要更多， 我们需要正真的投资。

We need investment in our girls to let them know that they matter,

我们需在我们的女孩身上投资 以便她们知道自己很重要，

particularly in this political climate.

尤其在这种政治气氛下。

They need to hear it loud and clear.

她们必须听到响亮而清晰的声音。

Now I love the men in my family.

我爱我家里的男人。

I have a father. I have a brother.

我有父亲。我有弟弟。

I have a husband and a son.

我有丈夫和儿子。

But this world was built for them.

但这世界本就已经为他们而建了。

I owe it to my grandmothers and my mother

我欠了我的婆婆们和妈妈

and my teammates and my daughters.

以及我的队友和女儿。

And those women 50 years ago

那些 50 年前的女性，

who fought so hard for Title IX,

为《第 9 条》努力奋斗，

to keep fighting and keep the mission going.

而持续战斗并继续履行使命。

So my challenge to you

所以我对你发出的挑战

is that I hope that you'll join me

是我希望你能加入我并挑战现状。

and challenge the way things are.

To encourage the investment in women.

来鼓励投资于女性。

And please do not be afraid

请不要害怕看到女孩 充分发挥自己的潜力。

of seeing girls realize their full potential.

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）