Why You Should Ditch Deadly Fossil-Fuel Appliances | Donnel Baird | TED

翻译人员: Sam Li 校对人员: suya f.

So my wife and I have two young children.

就像在坐的许多人一样

And like many of you,

我和妻子也有两个孩子。

we are terrified

我们对气候危机中

about what the worst impacts of the climate crisis

最糟糕的部分感到恐惧

are going to be for them in their lives.

因为这些将对他们的生活产生影响

Do we honestly have a plan that's specific that's achievable, that's actionable,

诚实的讲

我们真的对此有具体的、 可实现的、可操作的计划

that's going to allow us to reduce emissions at scale

能够让我们以必要的速度

with the speed that's necessary to respond to the catastrophe in time

大规模减排，及时应对灾难

从而改善我们的下一代的 生活质量吗？

to improve the quality of life for our kids?

We've decided to focus and devote our time and attention

我们决定集中精力 将时间和注意力投入到

美国的建筑物绿化这个挑战上

to the challenge of greening buildings in America.

让我来告诉你 为什么需要这样做

And I'll tell you a little bit about why.

There are 125 million buildings in America, coast to coast.

从沿海到内陆 美国有大约1.25亿座建筑

These buildings are where we cook and eat and work and pray

这些建筑就是我们 做饭、吃饭、工作、祈祷

以及抚养孩子的地方

and raise our kids.

A lot of us spend almost 90 percent of our time indoors in buildings,

我们中的很多人有将近 90％ 的时间 都在室内建筑物中度过

and these buildings are powered by fossil fuels.

但这些建筑物都是由 化石燃料所供能

We burn coal and gas at power plants,

我们的发电厂燃烧煤炭和天然气

we burn oil and gas in buildings.

我们在建筑物中 燃烧石油和天然气

This is a furnace that produces hot water and heating.

这是一个产生 热水和供暖的锅炉

这是我们在 2014 年参观过的 哈莱姆区的一座公寓大楼

This is in an apartment complex in Harlem that we visited back in 2014.

我记得当我在那儿时 我有点担心

And I remember visiting it,

I was a little worried because we could smell gas kind of, leaking.

因为我们可以 闻到煤气泄漏的味道

And a few blocks away, a few weeks before this visit,

然而就在这次访问前几个星期

an apartment building had a gas furnace that exploded.

在几个街区之外 一栋公寓楼的燃气炉发生过爆炸

It collapsed the entire apartment building,

它摧毁了整栋公寓楼

it collapsed the apartment building next door,

也使隔壁的公寓楼发生倒塌

and eight people died.

造成了八人死亡

So I remember looking at this boiler and taking a picture and thinking,

所以我记得我看着这个锅炉 拍了张照片，然后想

“Get me the heck out of here.”

“ 快把我从这鬼地方弄出去。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So because fossil fuels power our 125 million buildings,

有化石燃料为 我们的 1.25 亿座建筑供能

it's 30 percent of emissions,

它占到了总排放量的30%

30 percent of American emissions are tied to our buildings.

因此，美国 30％的排放量 与我们的建筑物有关

And there is no actionable path

如果不通过改造和绿化

to responding to the climate crisis

现有的美国建筑 我们便没有更行之有效方法

without going building by building

and greening all of the existing buildings in America.

去应对当前的气候危机

So I'm Donnel Baird, I'm the CEO of BlocPower.

我是唐内尔·贝尔德 BlocPower 的首席执行官

We are a technology company that focuses on moving buildings off of fossil fuels.

我们是一家专注于使建筑物 停止使用化石燃料的科技公司

We want to make buildings smarter, healthier, greener,

我们希望让建筑物更智能、 更健康、更环保

and we want to do that by making buildings 100-percent electric.

我们希望通过让建筑物 百分百电气化来实现这一目标

We're here in Detroit.

我们的公司在底特律

Detroit is learning how to rip fossil fuel engines out of vehicles

底特律正在学习如何从车辆中 拆下化石燃料发动机

and replacing them with smarter, all-electric engines.

并使用更智能的 纯电发动机取而代之

We want to do the same thing for buildings.

我们想对建筑物做同样的事情

We want to rip out all the fossil fuel equipment

我们想拆掉所有的化石燃料设备

and replace it with smart, green, all-electric equipment.

使用智能、绿色的纯电动设备取而代之

And we want that equipment to be powered by electricity that’s clean.

而且我们希望这些设备 由清洁的电力供能

Stanford professor Mark Jacobson has written a plan for all 50 states

斯坦福大学教授马克·雅各布森 制定了一项计划

所有的 50 个州都逐渐替换为 风能、水力发电、太阳能

to be powered by wind, by hydroelectric power, by solar,

state by state, so that our entire grid can be clean.

以至于我们的整个国家都能变得清洁

I got focused on the dangers,

对于化石燃料系统

我主要聚焦于其潜在的危险上

the perils of fossil fuel systems.

Growing up as a kid with my family in a one-bedroom apartment in Brooklyn,

我儿时和家人居住在 布鲁克林的一居室公寓里

we didn't have a heating system

在那所公寓里

that worked in our apartment building in Brooklyn.

并没有可以正常使用的供暖系统

So when it got really cold in the winters,

因此，当冬天天气非常寒冷时

my parents, sometimes they worked nights,

我的父母们有时会上夜班

they would tell me, "Look, if it gets too cold, light a match,

他们会告诉我： “ 嘿，如果天气太冷，

turn on the gas oven, open up the oven door,

你就点燃一根火柴， 打开煤气炉

但是别忘了打开窗户

and don't forget to open up a window

因为不止热量会进入公寓

because heat's going to come into the apartment,

一氧化碳也会 我们不希望你窒息。”

but so is carbon monoxide, and we don't want you to suffocate."

然后他们就会去工作

Then they'd go to work.

And millions of Americans across the country

在冬季， 全国有数百万美国人

heat their buildings this way in the winter and worse.

以这种方式供暖，甚至更糟

But it's not just the low-income buildings

但不仅仅是低收入人群的居所如此

that are super dangerous with fossil fuel infrastructure.

只要是使用化石燃料的设备都非常危险

Recent studies indicate that gas ovens,

最近的研究表明，我们家中的燃气烤箱

gas heating systems in our home leak benzene, they leak methane,

燃气加热系统会泄漏苯，

they leak nitrogen dioxide.

甲烷以及二氧化氮

There's so much nitrogen dioxide emitted into American homes

美国家庭里排放 的二氧化氮如此之多

that it causes about 13 percent of chronic childhood asthma.

以至于约 13％ 的儿童 由此患慢性哮喘

There's so much methane leaked into our homes

有太多的甲烷 泄漏到我们的家中

that it's equal to the emissions of 500,000 gas-powered vehicles.

相当于 50 万辆 汽油动力汽车的排放量

And benzene, benzene is a carcinogen.

而苯是一种致癌物

And the latest studies from Stanford

斯坦福大学的最新研究表明

indicate that benzene is emitted into our homes,

苯会排放到我们的家中，并持续扩散

it spreads throughout the home, it lingers, we breathe it in.

直到我们将其吸入 它都会一直存在

And it actually can be worse

实际上，这可能比吸入二手烟更糟糕

than breathing in secondhand cigarette smoke.

And so for any parent,

因此，对于任何父母来说

the thought of our children sleeping and breathing all this stuff in,

想到孩子们在睡觉时把 所有这些都吸进去

it's horrific.

简直太可怕了

But good news,

但好消息是

it's 2023.

现在是 2023 年

We don't live in ancient Mesopotamia.

我们不生活在古老的美索不达米亚

We no longer have to dig up dead dinosaurs from the ground

我们不必再从地上挖出恐龙的遗骸

and burn them in our buildings for energy.

并将其燃烧而为我们的建筑物供能

We've got options.

我们有选择

This is an electric induction oven

这是一种电磁炉

that uses electricity and induction power of magnets.

它使用电磁感应的原理

It’s hyper-efficient, it’s safe.

它非常高效和安全

The finest chefs in the world are starting to use these ovens and systems.

世界上最优秀的厨师 已经开始使用这类烤箱和系统

They can boil hot water in less than 60 seconds.

它可以在不到 60 秒钟 的时间内煮沸热水

Pretty awesome.

太棒了

And one of the new technologies that I'm really excited about

另一个我为之兴奋的新技术

is the cold climate heat pump.

寒冷气候空气源热泵

它就像是减少 建筑物排放的灵丹妙药

Cold climate heat pumps are like a silver bullet

for reducing emissions in buildings.

由于这项技术，我们现在可以做到 五年前做不到的事情

We can now do things that we could not do five years ago because of this technology.

在冬季，它使用电力、制冷剂

They use electricity and refrigerant

以及压缩机将热空气 泵入您的家中

and compressors to pump hot air into your home in the winter,

to pump hot air out of your home during the summer, to heat up hot water.

在夏季，它将热空气泵出 家中以加热热水

But most importantly,

但最重要的是

it allows us to fundamentally unhook buildings from fossil fuels.

它使我们能够从根本上使 建筑物摆脱化石燃料的困扰

We can unplug all of our buildings and homes

完全借助这些系统 我们可以将所有建筑物

from fossil fuels entirely due to these systems.

和房屋的供能从化石燃料中解放

So let's go back to my building in Brooklyn.

因此，让我们回到布鲁克林的大楼里

We now have a mix of technologies that we can install in our building:

我们可以在建筑物中安装多种技术：

屋顶上的，太阳能电池板、

solar panels on the roof,

高效照明系统、

high-efficiency lighting,

electric hot water heating systems,

电热水加热系统、

electric heat pumps for heating and cooling,

用于加热和冷却的电热泵、

the electric oven.

电烤箱

We can make these buildings all electric.

我们可以让这些建筑全面电气化

If we're in Detroit or LA or in Houston,

如果我们在底特律、 洛杉矶或休斯顿，

one of the cities where people love their cars,

这些都是汽车保有量很高的城市

we'll of course, install some electric-vehicle charging stations.

我们当然会安装一些 电动汽车充电站

We'll have some backup battery systems

我们将有一些备用电池系统

because all three electricity and energy grids

因为在热浪和气候危机的压力下

are collapsing under the weight of heat waves and the climate crisis.

所有三个电力和能源网都面临崩溃

But we can electrify buildings.

但是我们可以对建筑物进行电气化

Now, is it simple?

现在，这简单吗？

Is it easy to electrify buildings?

使建筑全面电气化容易吗？

No, there's challenges and opportunities.

不，有挑战也有机遇

We have to solve the finance problem,

我们必须解决财务问题

we have to solve a workforce problem, we have to solve a data problem.

我们必须解决劳动力问题 我们必须解决数据问题

Electrification can cost 10, 20, 30,000 dollars per building.

每栋建筑的电气化成本 可能为 10、20、30,000 美元

And that's not affordable for the average American.

对于普通美国人来说 这是负担不起的

But what we can do is most Americans can afford to buy a home on their own.

但是我们能做的是，大多数美国人 有能力自己买房。

And so we have a mortgage.

因此，我们有抵押贷款

And so we studied the mortgage market

为此，我们研究了抵押贷款市场

and found ways to amortize and spread out

找到了在15年内摊销和分摊建筑

the upfront cost of building electrification over 15 years

电气化的前期成本的方法

so that the monthly payment is affordable

从而使每月的还款负担得起

and lower in some instances than what families pay for fossil fuels.

并且在某些情况下 低于家庭为化石燃料支付的费用

We have a workforce problem in that, like Europe,

像欧洲一样 我们面临着劳动力问题

there's a shortage of skilled electricians and technicians across America

美国各地缺乏熟练的电工 和技术人员

to deliver on these projects.

来完成这些项目

Mayor Eric Adams in New York City has asked us to train and hire

纽约市市长埃里克·亚当斯 要求我们培训和雇用

3,000 vulnerable and low-income individuals,

3,000 名弱势和低收入人士

ex-offenders, gang members,

前罪犯、帮派成员

患有 PTSD 的退伍军人 以及以前的无家可归者

military veterans with PTSD, formerly homeless folks,

to train them in building electrification.

以培训他们进行电气化建设

We had a gang, a street gang kind of come to us and say,

有一个街头帮派来找我们说：

"Look, if you guys hire us and give us jobs,

“看，如果你们雇用我们给我们工作

we will shut down our street gang."

我们就会关闭我们的街头帮派。”

We had a crew of workers who had been locked up in Rikers Island,

我们有一组工作人员 曾被关押在里克斯岛

our New York City jail,

纽约市监狱和我们对他们进行了培训

and we trained them, we hired them,

最终我们雇用了他们

we took them back to Rikers Island,

带将他们带回了里克斯岛

They installed solar panels in the parking lot.

他们在停车场安装了太阳能电池板

We have a data problem.

我们遇到了数据问题

Every building is unique, like a snowflake.

因为每座建筑都是独一无二的， 就像雪花一样

So in order to make sure we have the right size

因此，为了确保我们为该建筑物配备

of the electrification equipment for that building,

尺寸合适的电气化设备

使其脱离化石燃料

to unhook it from fossil fuels,

we have to collect data

我们必须收集数据

and make sure we specify and recommend the right equipment.

并确保指定和推荐的设备是合适的

We've been working with the Bezos Earth Fund to aggregate all of the data

我们一直在与贝索斯地球基金合作

on all 125 million buildings across America

汇总全美所有 1.25 亿 座建筑物的所有数据

so that families can search for their address,

以便家庭可以搜索到自己的地址

get an electrification work plan,

获得使其建筑电气化的工作计划

hand it to a local, well-trained electrician

将其交给在当地

who we've trained and hired.

由我们培训和雇用的合格电工

These are good jobs that can't be outsourced,

这些是无法外包的好工作

因此每个家庭都可以访问 他们需要的数据

so that every family has access to the data that they need.

We've recently started working with Ithaca, New York,

我们最近开始与康奈尔大学 所在的纽约伊萨卡

where Cornell is located,

圣何塞

and San Jose and Menlo Park.

以及门洛帕克合作

These are cities that have committed to decarbonize 100 percent

这些城市已承诺在六年半的时间内

by the year 2030, in six and a half years.

也就是到 2030 年 实现 100％ 的脱碳

So we're going to go building to building

因此，我们将逐一的使

and move each building off of fossil fuels

使每栋建筑告别化石燃料

and make them all-electric.

使它们实现全面电器化

So we've got six and a half years,

因此，我们有六年半的时间

but there's dozens of cities across the country

我们在全国

where we're working with partners: Portland, Oregon,

数十个城市与合作伙伴合作： 波特兰、俄勒冈州、

Denver, Atlanta, Chicago to electrify buildings at scale.

丹佛、亚特兰大、芝加哥

Electrification is possible.

大规模实现建筑电气化是可能的

It's not simple, it's not easy, but it is possible.

这并不简单， 也不容易但这是可能的

And what that means is if we can electrify one building,

这意味着，

如果我们能够实现 单个建筑的电气化

it means that we can electrify a whole block of buildings.

那就意味着我们可以实现 整个街区建筑物的电气化

If we can electrify a block of buildings,

如果我们能为整个街区 建筑物的电气化

it means that we can electrify a neighborhood.

那就意味着我们可以 实现社区的电气化

If we can electrify a neighborhood, it means that we can electrify a city.

如果我们能实现社区的电气化， 那就意味着我们可以实现城市的电气化

And if we can electrify a city, that means we can electrify a country.

而且，如果我们能够实现城市电气化 意味着我们可以实现国家的电气化

There’s a saying:

有句话说：

you have to be the change that you wish to see in the world.

成为你想在世界看到的改变

By doing this, we’re going to create great jobs.

通过这些，我们将创造良好的就业机会

There’s going to be massive economic and public health outcomes.

将会产生巨大的经济和公共卫生成果

But we also are going to inspire cities and countries

同时，我们也将激励

around the world to electrify.

世界各地的城市和国家实现电气化

And we’ll be able to look our children in the eyes

当我们的孩子问起我们 我们能够直视他们的眼睛

when they ask us and say that we're doing everything we can

并告诉他们 我们正在竭尽所能

to reduce emissions at speed and scale,

快速、大规模地减少排放

to fight the most damaging impacts of the climate catastrophe.

以应对气候灾难带来的最具破坏力的影响

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）