K-Pop, Cutting-Edge Tech and Other Ways Asia Is Shaping the World | Neeraj Aggarwal | TED

翻译人员: Yuwei Wu

Our global culture has a fascinating new look to it,

我们的全球文化 迎来了一个有趣的新面貌，

and it has to do with this guy,

而这与印度演员兼音乐家，

Indian actor and musician Diljit Dosanjh.

迪尔吉特·多桑杰有关。

Diljit's star has risen big time of late.

近年来迪尔吉特的明星光芒愈发闪耀。

He performed at Coachella last year.

去年他有在科切拉音乐节演出。

He had incredible energy

他活力四射，

and had the audience in a foot-tapping, head-banging spell.

将观众带进了一个 充满律动和热情的氛围中。

He had the audience in North America,

他今年在北美巡演时，

where he toured this year,

同样带来了这样震撼的表演，

had the same experience and performed in large,

场场演出都吸引了大批观众

packed arenas.

座无虚席。

You know what is even more noteworthy?

更值得注意的是什么呢？

Diljit does not perform in English.

迪尔吉特不用英语表演。

He performs entirely in Punjabi.

他的演出只用旁遮普语。

Diljit's momentous rise is an indicator of something fundamental happening

迪尔吉特的崛起表代表着 我们周围的世界

in the world around us.

正在发生某些根本性的变化。

The West for long has set the cultural and intellectual agenda for the world.

长期以来，西方一直主导着 世界的文化和思想议程。

But now, East is coming to the limelight as well.

但是现在， 东方也开始登上世界的舞台。

Asia today claims a cultural and intellectual authority all of its own.

今天的亚洲拥有 属于自己的文化和思想权威。

Yes, Diljit is popular,

是的，迪尔吉特很受欢迎，

but even more than that,

但更重要的是，

he takes pride in his own identity and is not reduced to a stereotype.

他为自己的身份为荣， 并没有沦为刻板印象。

He wears traditional Punjabi garb.

他穿着传统的旁遮普服装。

Imagine an Indian pop star in the West dressed in a turban and a kurta.

想象一下，在西方舞台上， 一位印度流行歌手身穿头巾和长袍。

My name is Neeraj Aggarwal

我叫尼拉杰·阿加瓦尔

and yes, I'm a slightly lesser known Indian than Diljit.

没错，比起迪尔吉特， 我是个比较不出名的印度人。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

With BCG, over the last 25 years,

我在 BCG 工作的 25 年里，

I have worked on tough problems across industries

解决了各行各业中的棘手问题，

and have spent time thinking about big-picture trends.

同时也花了不少时间思考大趋势。

In my current role of leading BCG’s Asia Pacific region,

目前，我担任 BCG 亚太区负责人，

I travel extensively,

经常出差，

and I meet a wide range of Asians across business,

接触到来自商业、政府和社会，

government and civil society.

各界各类的亚洲人。

Drawing on these experiences,

基于这些经历，

I want to share with you how Asia is changing

我想和大家分享亚洲正在发生的一些

in ways you may not have imagined,

你可能未曾想象过的变化，

and what that could mean for all of us.

以及这些变化对我们所有人 可能意味着什么。

In the 20th century,

在 20 世纪时，

most Americans got a taste of Asian culture,

大多数美国人对亚洲文化 只有过一小部分的接触。

but just a taste.

稍微 “品尝” 了一下亚洲文化。

If you went to a local mall,

如果你去的是本地的商场，

the taste may be quite literally Panda Express.

这种接触可能还真的是 “熊猫快餐” 这样字面意义上的 “品尝” 。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Asian cultures were somewhat exotic, somewhat stereotyped,

亚洲文化曾被认为是奇异的， 也常常被刻板化，

but never had the full context.

但从未被完整地了解。

Today, the scenario is vastly different.

如今，情况已大不相同。

Recently, Malaysian actress Michelle Yeoh won the Oscar for the Best Actress.

最近，马来西亚女演员杨紫琼 获得了奥斯卡最佳女主角奖。

First Asian ever.

成为首位获此殊荣的亚洲人。

Korean production "Squid Game"

韩国制作的《鱿鱼游戏》

became Netflix's most popular show ever.

成为 Netflix 有史以来 最受欢迎的剧集。

In the US, now there are 400 cricket leagues,

在美国，现在有 400 个板球联赛，

and more than 200,000 kids pick up a bat.

超过 20 万名孩子拿起球棒。

So you may ask me,

那么你可能会问我，

what is driving Asia's rising cultural and intellectual expansion?

是什么推动了亚洲文化和思想的崛起？

It has to do with Asia's rising economic power.

这与亚洲不断增长的经济实力息息相关。

There have been massive changes in the income pyramid.

收入阶层发生了巨大的变化。

By 2030,

到 2030 年，

Asia is expected to have five times as many high-income households

亚洲高收入家庭的数量

as it had in 2000.

预计将是 2000 年的五倍。

An absolute number higher than the number in the West.

总数将超过西方的高收入家庭数量。

Walk the streets of Mumbai, Jakarta or Shanghai.

走在孟买、雅加达或上海的街头，

You can feel it.

你可以感觉受到它的变化。

It's everywhere.

它无处不在。

Millions of low-income households,

数以百万计的低收入家庭，

they’re almost all digital natives.

他们几乎都是数字原住民。

And they want more convenience

他们渴望更多的便利，

and better quality of life.

更好的生活质量。

No wonder Asian businesses strive to be more innovative.

难怪亚洲企业在努力变得更具创新性。

Asia, of course, is incredibly diverse

当然，亚洲是一个极其多元化的地区，

and cannot be reduced to a chart like this.

不能简单地用这样的图表来概括。

I would argue the same diversity makes this change

我认为，正是这种多样性

even more profound and prolific.

使得这一变化更加深刻和多产。

I started by talking about pop culture,

我一开始谈的是流行文化，

but Asia's cultural and intellectual influence extends to ideas

但亚洲的文化和思想影响力

and business innovation.

已经扩展到了商业创新领域。

For long,

长久以来，

we’ve equated Asian workers with outsourcing and factories.

我们常常将亚洲工人 与外包和工厂联系在一起。

Today, however, many Asians are intellectual leaders.

然而，今天许多亚洲人 已成为思想领袖。

They're bypassing jobs with Western multinationals

他们不再仅仅追求 西方跨国公司的工作机会，

to start new ventures.

场而是选择创业。

That's a big shift.

这是一个很大的转变。

Many kids who come to West to study are keen to go back

许多前往西方留学的年轻人， 如今更愿意回国发展，

because they spot opportunities in their own countries.

因为他们在自己的国家 看到了更多的可能性。

And this is disrupting industries.

这种趋势正在颠覆各个行业。

Take fintech.

以金融科技为例。

Twenty years ago, fintech was almost entirely a North American play,

二十年前，金融科技 几乎完全由北美主导，

hardly visible in Asia.

在亚洲几乎看不到它的存在。

And living in India, it used to seem like a travesty to me.

而在我生活的印度， 这曾让我觉得极其不合理。

Why?

为什么？

Because back then, only a third of the Indians had bank accounts,

因为当时只有三分之一的印度人 拥有银行账户，

and many others used to pay outrageous sums of money to moneylenders

许多人为了维持基本生活，

to live a basic life.

不得不支付高额利息给放贷人。

It changed with the mass adoption of cell phones.

这一切随着手机的普及而发生了改变。

Today, India's payment system UPI

如今，印度的支付系统 UPI

does about one trillion dollars-plus of transactions.

每年的交易额超过一万亿美元。

When I go to a local streetside vegetable vendor,

当我走到街头的小摊贩买菜时，

he says, "Please do UPI."

他们都会说：“请用 UPI 支付。”

The same change exists in Indonesia, Philippines or Singapore.

同样的变化也在印度尼西亚、 菲律宾以及新加坡上演。

Alipay in China does 100 times more transactions than PayPal.

在中国，支付宝的交易量 是 PayPal 的 100 倍。

Fintech in Asia is innovative,

亚洲的金融科技充满创新，

it's deeply entrenched

深深植根于社会之中，

and is not done growing.

而且远未达到发展的顶峰。

By 2030,

我预计到 2030 年，

I expect fintech revenues in Asia

亚洲的金融科技收入

will be larger than any other part of the world.

将超过世界上任何其他地区。

I could give you any number of such examples across industries.

我可以举出无数跨行业的例子 来说明这一趋势，

Instead, I want to step back

但我更想退一步，

and talk about the broader intellectual contributions

并谈谈亚洲人正在做出的，

that Asians are making.

更广泛的思想贡献。

As a consultant,

作为一名顾问，

I deeply believe in the power of three.

我深信 “三” 的力量。

So I'm going to give you three of them.

所以，我将给你三个例子。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

First, Asian companies are investing on developing at-scale solutions

首先，亚洲公司正在致力于 开发规模化解决方案，

with different but attractive unit economics.

以不同却具有吸引力， 单一的经济模式为基础。

Take climate.

以气候为例，

Asia has more polluted cities than any other part of the world,

亚洲拥有着比其他任何地区 更多的污染城市，

and it's roughly half the planet's carbon footprint.

占全球碳排放量的近一半。

Driven by adversity,

在这种逆境的驱动下，

many Asian companies are investing at scale

许多亚洲公司正在大规模投资于

in solar production and battery storage.

太阳能生产和电池储能。

In this case, China in particular has invested massively,

尤其是中国， 在过去二十年中大幅投资，

and in the last two decades brought down the cost of solar panels by 95 percent.

成功将太阳能电池板的成本 降低了 95% 。

Battery storage costs are also declining.

电池存储成本也在下降。

Combined, that is resulting in a huge decline

两者结合， 使得获取太阳能的成本

in the cost of accessing solar power.

大幅下降。

The sun is coming down, but in a good way.

“太阳” 正在 “落下”， 这是好消息。

And when I talk to the CEOs of these companies,

当我与这些公司的 CEO 交谈时，

they smile and say,

他们笑着说

“Neeraj, we are far from done.”

“尼拉杰，我们还远未完成。”

"Far from done" is really encouraging

这种 “远未完成” 的态度 非常令人鼓舞，

because if these trends play out,

因为如果这些趋势持续下去，

solar power could muscle aside fossil fuels

太阳能可能会取代化石燃料

as a source of energy.

成为主要能源来源。

By 2030,

到 2030年，

Asia will have twice the amount of solar deployment as the West.

亚洲的太阳能部署 将是西方的两倍。

And thanks to Asian innovation,

而得益于亚洲的创新，

large parts of the world could have low-cost renewable power

世界上的许多地区都可能随时获得

whenever they like.

低成本的可再生能源。

And a new panda may enter our lexicon.

或许到时候， “熊猫” 一词会被赋予新的含义：

The solar panda.

“太阳能熊猫”。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Asia's second intellectual contribution has to do about solutions

亚洲的第二项思想贡献 与以集体利益为基础的解决方案

rooted in collective good.

有关系。

Young Asians maintain close ties with their families

亚洲年轻人的一生中

throughout their lives.

都与家人保持着紧密的联系。

For them, the group is as important as they are.

对他们来说， 集体的意义与个人同样重要。

The same ethos permeates in businesses,

这种价值观也渗透到了企业文化中，

so family-run enterprises and state enterprises dominate.

因此家族企业和国有企业 在亚洲占据主导地位。

Today, when many Western companies talk about social purpose

如今，当许多西方公司谈论

and multi-stakeholder orientation,

社会目标和多方利益相关者导向时，

remember, Asia embodies that.

请记住，亚洲早已 将这些理念付诸实践，

Actually, Asia pioneered that.

甚至可以说是亚洲 率先开创了这一模式。

The region also continues to raise the bar on social consciousness.

此外，这个地区在社会责任意识方面 也在不断提高标准。

A good example is Ibasho centers,

一个很好的例子是 “伊场” 中心

which encourage the elderly to stay involved in their communities.

这些中心鼓励老年人参与社区活动。

Originating in Japan, these centers are now traveling across Asia.

伊场中心起源于日本， 现在已经逐渐推广到整个亚洲。

An Asian CEO I know well put it this way:

一位我熟悉的亚洲 CEO 这样总结：

"If I had to put a person on Mars in five years,

“如果我必须在五年内 把一个人送上火星，

I'd look to the West.

我会寻求西方的帮助。

To make sure the same person survives on Mars,

但如果要确保这个人 在火星上能生存下来，

I'd look to the East."

我会选择东方。”

Which brings me to the third intellectual contribution that Asians are making,

这引出了亚洲正在做出的 第三项思想贡献，

which is driven by their own unique challenges and what I call

这项贡献源于他们所面临的独特挑战，

a “leapfrog mindset.”

以及我称之为 “跳跃式思维”

Take health care.

以医疗保健为例，

Asia is 60 percent of the world's population

亚洲拥有全球 60% 的人口，

and more than half of the burden of diseases like diabetes, cancer.

同时也承受着糖尿病、 癌症等疾病超过一半的负担。

Asian countries, shown in green dots here,

然而，用绿色点标注的亚洲国家，

cannot replicate the path taken by the Western nations,

无法复制西方国家的医疗发展路径，

as that path is prohibitively expensive

因为这种路径的价格过于高昂，

and is not always guaranteed to get you the best outcomes.

且未必总能带来最佳结果。

So instead of the red arrow path,

因此，与其走传统的 “红色箭头路径”，

they need to leapfrog and take an alternative white arrow path.

他们需要跳跃式发展， 选择 “白色箭头路径”：

Health care that is less costly

既能降低医疗成本，

and gets you to a better outcome

获得更好的成果，

and accomplishes more.

同时完成更多目标。

Digital technology today offers exciting possibilities.

数字科技为这种跳跃式发展 提供了令人兴奋的可能性。

Interoperable health records is one way of addressing this challenge,

其中一个方法是 可互操作的健康记录系统，

because they allow continuity of care from a small doctor's clinic

这种系统可以实现从小诊所

to a big hospital.

到大医院的连续监护。

Many countries have stumbled to implement this,

然而，许多国家在实施过程中 遇到了困难，

but India in this case has taken a big leap forward

而印度在这一方面 却迈出了一大步，

and digitized 400 million health records.

已数字化了 4 亿份健康记录。

Of course, a lot more needs to be done.

当然，这只是一个开始， 仍有许多工作需要完成。

The Asian private sector is getting into the mix as well.

亚洲的私营部门也正在积极参与其中。

My daughter who's sitting here recently interned at a start-up

我的女儿，就坐在这里， 最近在一家初创公司实习，

which does low-cost portable diagnostics

该公司开发了 低成本的便携式诊断设备，

for diseases like diabetes and respiratory infections.

用于检测糖尿病和呼吸道感染等疾病。

In Asian healthcare,

在亚洲的医疗保健领域，

I feel the same kind of energy

我感受到了一种

that propelled fintech to where it is today.

与推动金融科技发展的相似能量，

And I find that extremely promising.

而这让我对未来充满希望

Asia's intellectual contributions can be summed up,

在我看来，亚洲的思想贡献

in my mind, as a new kind of URL.

可以总结为：

We have unit economics rooted in collective good

以单一经济模式为基础， 植根于集体利益，

and a leapfrog mindset.

以及跨越式思维。

As you may have guessed, consultants love acronyms too.

或许你已经猜到了， 顾问们也热衷于缩略。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So what does Asia's rising cultural and intellectual influence mean

那么，亚洲日益增长的文化 和思想影响力

for the world?

对世界意味着什么？

In the short term, it may mean some disruption,

在短期内， 这可能意味着一些干扰，

but in the long term, it will mean progress for everyone.

但从长期来看， 它将推动全人类的进步。

As Asian culture moves westward,

随着亚洲文化向西方传播，

and as Asian ideas and business innovation take root,

亚洲的理念和商业创新扎根，

our lives will be more diverse,

我们的生活将变得更加多样化、

more interesting, and frankly, more fun.

更有趣、更丰富。

Our societies will be more resilient.

我们的社会也将因此 变得更加具有韧性。

As we deal with climate change

在我们应对气候变化

or potentially a next pandemic,

或下一次可能出现的全球性疫情时，

we will have two different paradigms to work with and not just one.

我们将拥有两种不同的范式， 而不仅仅依赖一种。

So let's embrace Asia's new place in the world.

因此，让我们欢迎 亚洲在世界上新的地位，

Let's celebrate our interdependence and the richness it brings us.

庆祝这种相互依存关系 以及它为我们带来的丰富性。

Let's look to Asia as a place for learning, growth,

让我们将亚洲视为学习、成长、

progress and excitement.

进步和充满活力的地方。

Let's enjoy our Taylor Swift and our Diljit Dosanjh, too.

让我们在欣赏泰勒·斯威夫特时， 也同样欣赏迪尔吉特·多桑吉。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）