The Intersection of War and Climate Change | Victor Ochen | TED

翻译人员: Alexis Young 校对人员: suya f.

The world today,

在今天的世界，

it's no longer news that we are grappling

我们正在努力应对

with the devastating effects of climate change.

气候变化给我们带来的毁灭性影响。

Communities are searching for solutions,

社会正在寻找解决方案

trying to turn the tide onto the future that at times really looks so depressing.

试图扭转局面， 即使未来 看起来如此令人沮丧。

And there is no place this is more real than in the continent of Africa.

而这在非洲大陆尤为真实。

But of course,

但当然，

conversations about climate change

关于气候变化的讨论

often miss out on accounting for the most critical barrier

常常忽略了解决气候问题的

to climate solution,

最关键障碍，

which is conflict.

那就是战争。

I got to know about this through my personal experience

我通过个人经历了解到这一点，

as a survivor of war,

作为战争的幸存者，

but also working with a population

同时也与那些

that has been living through conflicts for years.

多年来生活战争中的人们一起工作。

If you may, I would love to share with you a story

如果可以的话， 我想与你们分享一个故事，

based on my personal encounter with the communities that I work with

基于我与所工作社会的个人接触，

and who are going through the difficult times of climate change.

他们正经历着气候变化的艰难时期。

I'm from Uganda.

我来自乌干达。

Recently, in my home district of Lira,

最近，在我的家乡利拉区，

a woman was arrested

一位女性被逮捕，

because she had cut the shea trees

因为她砍伐了乳木果树，

and burned the charcoal into fuel.

并烧成木炭作为燃料。

And it's a crime in Uganda.

这在乌干达是犯罪行为。

I saw her being walked to the police station,

我看到她被带往警察局，

and I decided to ask her,

我决定问她，

said, “My sister, I see you are being taken,

“ 姐妹，我看到你被带走，

and you'll be charged for this crime.

你会被指控这项罪行。

But I have a question for you.

但我有个问题要问你。

If you were forgiven for this crime today,

如果今天你的罪行被原谅了，

do you promise that you will never do it again?"

你能保证永远不再犯吗？”

The frustrated woman looked at me

这位沮丧的女性看着我，

and told me and said, "You know what?

对我说：“ 你知道吗？

Even if they release me right now, I would do it again.

即使他们现在释放我，我还是会再犯的。

I would do it again, because only through burning charcoal

因为只有通过烧木炭，

that I can raise money to pay for my children's education.

我才能筹钱支付孩子们的教育。

And it's only through burning charcoal that I can raise money

也只有通过烧木炭，我才能筹钱

to meet the medical bills for my children, who are always falling sick of malaria.

支付孩子们经常患疟疾的医疗费用。

So the truth is, I would do it again."

所以事实是，我还会再做。」

This is the story for many in Uganda.

这是许多乌干达人的故事。

Beautiful country with so much potential,

一个美丽且充满潜力的国家，

but always undermined

但总是被

by a near constant state of violent conflict.

近乎持续的暴力冲突所削弱。

And you know,

你知道，

in a community where poverty and unemployment is so high,

在贫困和失业率如此高的社会，

fighting against climate change is almost a losing battle.

对抗气候变化几乎是一场失败的战斗。

But when you look through across Africa,

但当你纵观整个非洲，

you find that most of the countries most vulnerable to climate crisis

你会发现大多数最容易受到 气候危机影响的国家

are going through some sort of conflict.

正经历某种形式的冲突。

When you look through the Sahel region,

当你看向萨赫勒地区，

you find there's always constant attack,

你会发现总是有持续的攻击，

clashes between the herding,

牧民、农民

the farming and the fishing communities

和渔民社会之间的冲突，

over diminishing land and water resources.

争夺日益减少的土地和水资源。

Of course, with not so much option,

当然，没有太多选择的情况下，

humanity will always do anything possible for survival.

人们总会为了生存而不惜一切。

I remember this firsthand when I was growing up as a child

我在童年时期亲身体验了这一点，

in war zone in northern Uganda.

当时我在乌干达北部的战区长大。

I myself had to cut the trees, to burn charcoal,

我自己曾砍树、烧木炭，

to raise money to meet the basic needs,

筹钱来满足基本需求，

but most importantly, to pay for my education.

但最重要的是支付我的教育费用。

An education that has enabled me

正是这种教育使我能够

to be able to stand before you to give this speech today.

站在你们面前发表今天的演讲。

Now the big question is:

现在的关键问题是：

How can we make it,

我们能做什么

what can we do to create an alternative to environmental destruction

来创造环境破坏的替代方案，

and provide economic means

并提供经济手段，

that will support conditions necessary for peace?

支持实现和平所需的条件？

That's the biggest question we should be asking ourselves today.

这是我们今天应该问自己的最大问题。

I remember, I think about this a lot

我经常思考这个问题，

through my work at African Youth Initiative Network, AYINET,

通过我在非洲青年倡议网 （AYINET）的工作，

where for decades we have been supporting war survivors from Uganda,

我们数十年来一直支持来自乌干达、

from Congo, from Sudan and South Sudan,

刚果、苏丹和南苏丹的战争幸存者，

and we've been able to mobilize young people

并能够动员年轻人

to make them game changers for peace and development.

使他们成为和平与发展的变革者。

We mediate in community conflicts

我们在社会冲突中进行调解，

and support agricultural activities

支持农业活动，

as a mechanism to provide youth economic alternatives to violence.

作为为青年提供经济 替代暴力的机制。

And we have been successful.

而且我们已经成功。

So the success of this work we have done is a clear manifestation

这项工作的成功清楚地表明，

of how a local initiative

本地倡议如何能够

can greatly impact on economic empowerment,

对经济赋权、

on conflict resolution and on climate change.

冲突的解决和气候变化 产生极大影响。

And every time I think about this,

每当我想到这一点，

I do believe this is an opportunity for Africa

我确实相信这是非洲

to also impact on world peace.

影响世界和平的机会。

And I sincerely know for sure that for us to achieve this goal,

我的确知道，要实现这一目标，

the following three points have always come very strongly in my heart.

我心中始终非常强烈地 主张以下三点。

And the first is we need to change the way

首先，我们需要改变

we're talking about climate change.

我们谈论气候变化的方式。

It is time that we take the climate dialogue

已经是将气候对话

beyond just mere weather patterns

超越仅仅的天气模式的时候了，

and help people understand what they are fighting for,

帮助人们理解他们为何而战，

who they are protecting,

他们在保护谁，

what will they win or lose based on their action or inactions.

他们的行动或不行动 会带来什么得失。

This has always helped us.

这一直对我们有所帮助。

I remember early last year

我记得去年年初，

I went to my village with my twin brother, Jack.

我和我的双胞胎兄弟杰克 回到了我的村庄。

We were welcomed by one of the community elders, Charles.

我们受到社会 长老查尔斯的欢迎。

He was so happy to see us, to welcome us home,

他非常高兴见到我们， 欢迎我们回家，

and he was sad that he couldn't give us some sugar cane,

他很难过他不能 给我们一些甘蔗，

which used to be his traditional gift to us,

这曾经是他给我们的传统礼物，

simply because the wetland that used to grow sugar cane had dried up,

因为曾经种植甘蔗的湿地 已经干涸了，

and he was really sad about it.

他对此感到非常难过。

My twin brother comforted him and told him,

我的双胞胎兄弟安慰他，告诉他：

“Weather is changing, weather would encourage us,

“ 天气在变化，天气会鼓励我们，

let community do our part by planting trees

让社会在分内通过种树

so that we can attract more rain."

来吸引更多降雨。”

When he heard this, he asked my brother, said, “Mr. Opio,

他听到这话时， 问我的兄弟：“奥皮奥先生，

are you saying, as you are saying, trees is good to bring rain?

你是说，树木有助于带来雨水？

Now that you have planted so many trees in your community,

现在你在你的社会种了这么多树，

is it raining in your garden?"

你的花园里下雨了吗？”

To me, this was sincerely the most basic,

对我来说，这确实是来自这个社会

important organic question that could come from this community.

最基本、最重要、最自然的问题。

But also it made me reflect if, if at all,

但这也让我反思，

our global discussions about climate change

我们的全球气候变化讨论

is actually responding to the needs at the grassroots.

是否真的在响应基层的需求。

So, today,

因此，今天，

in northern Uganda,

乌干达北部，

shea trees are no longer producing enough fruits

乳木果树不再结出足够的果实，

because there's local knowledge

因为当地的想法认为

that shea trees do need bush burning

乳木果树需要燃烧

in order to stimulate flowering.

以刺激开花。

But also, we know bush burning is bad for environment,

但我们也知道灌木 燃烧对环境有害，

creating a lot of confusion.

造成很多混乱。

And this brings in the issue that contradictory accounts from experts,

这引发了专家、活动家

from activists, from the government,

和政府之间的矛盾说法，

which leaves the local communities

使当地社会

as collateral victims of global disagreement.

成为全球分歧的附带受害者。

And this has kept every one of us

这让我们所有人都陷入

in the merry-go-round of climate confusion.

气候困惑的恶性循环。

Secondly ...

其次……

We need to engage the population that is most affected,

我们需要让受影响 最严重的人口参与，

in this case, the young people, the youth.

这里指的就是年轻人－青年。

With 70 percent of Africa below the age of 30,

非洲有 70％ 的人口 年龄在 30 岁以下，

youth represent the largest demographic opportunity for the continent.

青年代表了非洲大陆最大的族群。

We have to engage, including youth,

我们必须让青年参与，

to be an opportunity to uplift the continent

他们是提升非洲的机会所在，

from the devastating poverty.

摆脱破坏性的贫困。

And excluding young people in all the climate activities

将年轻人排除在所有气候活动之外

will benefit conflict.

只会助长冲突。

So we must engage young people.

因此我们必须让年轻人参与。

This is because we do know youth are the legitimate owners of the future,

因为我们知道青年 是真正拥有未来的人，

so their inclusion is mandatory.

所以他们的参与是必要的。

And finally,

最后，

as we seek to mitigate the effects of climate change and conflict,

我们在减轻气候变化和冲突的影响时，

it is time to hold corporations,

应该要让企业、

government and individuals accountable

政府和个人

for committing climate crimes at home and abroad.

对在国内外犯下的气候罪行负责。

This should be done by establishing International Climate Court.

这应该通过建立国际气候法庭来实现。

Today, the world is celebrating the transition to clean energy.

今天，世界正在庆祝 清洁能源的转型。

We are celebrating the progress.

我们在庆祝进步。

But we cannot celebrate the transition to clean energy

但我们不能在庆祝 清洁能源转型的同时，

while being silent about the death and suffering of millions of people.

对数百万人的死亡和痛苦保持沉默。

In Democratic Republic of Congo, for instance,

例如，在刚果民主共和国，

populations have been displaced,

人们被迫流离失所，

millions have been killed,

数百万人被杀害，

lost properties,

财产损失，

just because companies or corporations

只是因为公司或企业

are exploiting their natural resources.

正在剥削他们的自然资源。

And we have seen also rebel groups fighting to take on the fertile lands,

我们也看到反叛组织 争夺刚果民主共和国

lands rich with minerals in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

富含矿产的肥沃土地。

The truth is, the suffering, the death,

事实是，我们在刚果 看到的痛苦、死亡、

the inhumanity we are seeing in Congo

非人道现象证明了

is a proof that the road to clean energy

通往清洁能源的道路

is so far the dirtiest road on the planet.

是迄今在地球上最肮脏的道路。

Of course, I'm also worried.

当然，我也很担心。

I'm worried that the climate crisis will leave the world more divided,

我担心气候危机会让世界更加分裂，

especially between the global North and the global South.

特别是在全球北方和南方之间。

I'm also worried that the rich and the poor will be divided.

我也担心富人和穷人之间的分裂。

The rural and urban.

农村和城市。

Why?

为什么？

Because 10 percent of the world's wealthiest

因为世界上最富有的 10％ 的人

are discussing a reduction of global emissions by flying less.

正在讨论通过减少飞行 来降低全球排放。

And yet, greater, poorer majority

然而，更多的贫困大众

are dreaming for only the one-time opportunity to fly.

梦想着仅有的一次飞行机会。

And to them,

对他们而言，

all these climate regulations being proposed

这些被提议的所有气候规定

appear as an effort to reinforce the pre-existing inequality,

似乎加强现有不平等，

which has always been meant to keep them poor.

旨在让他们保持贫困。

This is going to create the division.

这将导致分裂。

Lastly,

最后，

there is an African proverb

传奇的南非音乐家

by legendary South African musician, Lucky Dube,

Lucky Dube 用歌曲唱出 一 个非洲谚语，

who sang the song that says:

他唱道：

"The night is long for a hungry child."

“饥饿孩子的夜晚特别漫长。“

"The night is long for a hungry child."

”饥饿孩子的夜晚特别漫长。“

What an image.

多么生动的画面。

That child could have been your child.

那个孩子可能是你的孩子。

Think about that mom,

想想那个妈妈，

that dad, who are powerlessly waiting for the morning,

那个爸爸，无力地等待着黎明，

to try to get something for the child who can't sleep

试图为饿着肚子上床 而无法入睡的孩子

because he went to bed with empty stomach.

寻找食物。

If we have opportunity, we should have leadership

如果我们有机会，我们应该有领导人

that are willing to create conditions

愿意创造条件，

that will help build the community of tomorrow

帮助建立我们孩子可以依靠的

that our children can count on.

未来社会。

And lastly, may we realize that the birth of a new era

最后，愿我们意识到，新时代的诞生

would mean we must all understand that climate change and war

意味着我们都必须了解 气候变化和战争

are intertwined global long-term challenges.

是相互交织的全球长期挑战。

It will require all of us to work together and, most importantly,

这将要求我们所有人 共同合作，最重要的是，

mobilize a generation that is so willing to defy violence

动员一个愿意抗拒暴力， 为我们所有人的利益

and work for the good of all of us.

而努力的一代。

Apwoyo matek. Thank you very much.

Apwoyo matek （非常感谢）

非常感谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）