The Intersection of War and Climate Change | Victor Ochen | TED

譯者: Alexis Young 審譯者: Amanda Zhu

The world today,

今天的世界，

it's no longer news that we are grappling

我們正在努力應對

with the devastating effects of climate change.

氣候變遷帶來的毀滅性影響。

Communities are searching for solutions,

社區正在尋找解決方案

trying to turn the tide onto the future that at times really looks so depressing.

試圖扭轉局面， 即使未來 看起來如此令人沮喪。

And there is no place this is more real than in the continent of Africa.

而這在非洲大陸尤為真實。

But of course,

但當然，

conversations about climate change

關於氣候變遷的討論

often miss out on accounting for the most critical barrier

常常忽略了解決氣候問題的

to climate solution,

最關鍵障礙，

which is conflict.

那就是衝突。

I got to know about this through my personal experience

 我透過個人經歷了解到這一點，

as a survivor of war,

因為我本身是戰爭的倖存者，

but also working with a population

同時也與那些

that has been living through conflicts for years.

多年來生活在衝突中的人們一起工作。

If you may, I would love to share with you a story

如果可以的話， 我想與你們分享一個故事，

based on my personal encounter with the communities that I work with

這個故事是我與 所工作社區的個人接觸，

and who are going through the difficult times of climate change.

他們正經歷著氣候變遷的艱難時期。

I'm from Uganda.

我來自烏干達。

Recently, in my home district of Lira,

最近，在我的家鄉利拉區，

a woman was arrested

一位女性被逮捕，

because she had cut the shea trees

因為她砍伐了乳木果樹，

and burned the charcoal into fuel.

並燒成木炭作為燃料。

And it's a crime in Uganda.

 這在烏干達是犯罪行為。

I saw her being walked to the police station,

 我看到她被帶往警察局，

and I decided to ask her,

我決定問她，

said, “My sister, I see you are being taken,

「姐妹，我看到你被帶走，

and you'll be charged for this crime.

你會被指控這項罪行。

But I have a question for you.

但我有個問題要問你。

If you were forgiven for this crime today,

如果今天你的罪行被原諒了，

do you promise that you will never do it again?"

你能保證永遠不再犯嗎？」

The frustrated woman looked at me

這位沮喪的女性看著我，

and told me and said, "You know what?

對我說：「你知道嗎？

Even if they release me right now, I would do it again.

即使他們現在釋放我， 我還是會再做。

I would do it again, because only through burning charcoal

因為只有透過燒木炭，

that I can raise money to pay for my children's education.

 我才能籌錢支付孩子們的教育。

And it's only through burning charcoal that I can raise money

 也只有透過燒木炭，我才能籌錢

to meet the medical bills for my children, who are always falling sick of malaria.

支付孩子們經常患瘧疾的醫療費用。

So the truth is, I would do it again."

 所以事實是，我還會再做。」

This is the story for many in Uganda.

這是許多烏干達人的故事。

Beautiful country with so much potential,

一個美麗且充滿潛力的國家，

but always undermined

但總是被

by a near constant state of violent conflict.

近乎持續的暴力衝突所削弱。

And you know,

你知道，

in a community where poverty and unemployment is so high,

在貧困和失業率如此高的社區，

fighting against climate change is almost a losing battle.

對抗氣候變遷 幾乎是一場失敗的戰鬥。

But when you look through across Africa,

但當你縱觀整個非洲，

you find that most of the countries most vulnerable to climate crisis

你會發現大多數最容易受到 氣候危機影響的國家

are going through some sort of conflict.

正經歷某種形式的衝突。

When you look through the Sahel region,

當你看向薩赫勒地區，

you find there's always constant attack,

你會發現總是有持續的攻擊，

clashes between the herding,

牧民、農民

the farming and the fishing communities

和漁民社區之間的衝突，

over diminishing land and water resources.

爭奪日益減少的土地和水資源。

Of course, with not so much option,

當然，沒有太多選擇的情況下，

humanity will always do anything possible for survival.

人類總會為了生存而不惜一切。

I remember this firsthand when I was growing up as a child

我在童年時期親身體驗了這一點，

in war zone in northern Uganda.

當時我在烏干達北部的戰區長大。

I myself had to cut the trees, to burn charcoal,

我自己曾砍樹、燒木炭，

to raise money to meet the basic needs,

籌錢來滿足基本需求，

but most importantly, to pay for my education.

但最重要的是支付我的教育費用。

An education that has enabled me

正是這種教育使我能夠

to be able to stand before you to give this speech today.

站在你們面前發表今天的演講。

Now the big question is:

現在的關鍵問題是：

How can we make it,

我們能做什麼

what can we do to create an alternative to environmental destruction

來創造替代方案來防止環境破壞，

and provide economic means

並提供經濟手段，

that will support conditions necessary for peace?

支持實現和平所需的條件？

That's the biggest question we should be asking ourselves today.

這是我們今天應該問自己的最大問題。

I remember, I think about this a lot

我經常思考這個問題，

through my work at African Youth Initiative Network, AYINET,

透過我在非洲青年倡議網 （AYINET）的工作，

where for decades we have been supporting war survivors from Uganda,

我們數十年來一直支持來自烏干達、

from Congo, from Sudan and South Sudan,

剛果、蘇丹和南蘇丹的戰爭倖存者，

and we've been able to mobilize young people

並能夠動員年輕人

to make them game changers for peace and development.

使他們成為和平與發展的變革者。

We mediate in community conflicts

我們在社區衝突中進行調解，

and support agricultural activities

支持農業活動，

as a mechanism to provide youth economic alternatives to violence.

作為為青年提供經濟替代暴力的機制。

And we have been successful.

而且我們已經成功。

So the success of this work we have done is a clear manifestation

這項工作的成功清楚地表明，

of how a local initiative

本地倡議如何能夠

can greatly impact on economic empowerment,

對經濟賦權、

on conflict resolution and on climate change.

衝突的解決和氣候變遷產生極大影響。

And every time I think about this,

 每當我想到這一點，

I do believe this is an opportunity for Africa

我確實相信這是非洲

to also impact on world peace.

影響世界和平的機會。

And I sincerely know for sure that for us to achieve this goal,

 我真誠地知道，要實現這一目標，

the following three points have always come very strongly in my heart.

我心中始終非常強烈地主張以下三點。

And the first is we need to change the way

首先，我們需要改變

we're talking about climate change.

我們談論氣候變遷的方式。

It is time that we take the climate dialogue

已經是將氣候對話

beyond just mere weather patterns

超越僅僅的天氣模式的時候了，

and help people understand what they are fighting for,

幫助人們理解他們為何而戰，

who they are protecting,

他們在保護誰，

what will they win or lose based on their action or inactions.

他們的行動或不行動 會帶來什麼得失。

This has always helped us.

這一直對我們有所幫助。

I remember early last year

我記得去年年初，

I went to my village with my twin brother, Jack.

我和我的雙胞胎兄弟傑克 回到了我的村莊。

We were welcomed by one of the community elders, Charles.

我們受到社區長老查爾斯的歡迎。

He was so happy to see us, to welcome us home,

他非常高興見到我們，歡迎我們回家，

and he was sad that he couldn't give us some sugar cane,

他很難過他不能給我們一些甘蔗，

which used to be his traditional gift to us,

這曾經是他給我們的傳統禮物，

simply because the wetland that used to grow sugar cane had dried up,

因為曾經種植甘蔗的濕地 已經乾涸了，

and he was really sad about it.

他對此感到非常難過。

My twin brother comforted him and told him,

我的雙胞胎兄弟安慰他，告訴他：

“Weather is changing, weather would encourage us,

「天氣在變化，天氣會鼓勵我們，

let community do our part by planting trees

讓社區在分內透過種樹

so that we can attract more rain."

來吸引更多降雨。」

When he heard this, he asked my brother, said, “Mr. Opio,

他聽到這話時，問我的兄弟： 「奧皮奧先生，

are you saying, as you are saying, trees is good to bring rain?

你是說，樹木有助於帶來雨水？

Now that you have planted so many trees in your community,

現在你在你的社區種了這麼多樹，

is it raining in your garden?"

 你的花園裡下雨了嗎？」

To me, this was sincerely the most basic,

對我來說，這確實是來自這個社區

important organic question that could come from this community.

最基本、最重要、最自然的問題。

But also it made me reflect if, if at all,

但這也讓我反思，

our global discussions about climate change

我們的全球氣候變遷討論

is actually responding to the needs at the grassroots.

是否真的在回應基層的需求。

So, today,

因此，今天，

in northern Uganda,

烏干達北部，

shea trees are no longer producing enough fruits

乳木果樹不再結出足夠的果實，

because there's local knowledge

因為當地的想法認為

that shea trees do need bush burning

乳木果樹需要燃燒

in order to stimulate flowering.

以刺激開花。

But also, we know bush burning is bad for environment,

但我們也知道灌木燃燒對環境有害，

creating a lot of confusion.

造成很多混亂。

And this brings in the issue that contradictory accounts from experts,

 這引發了專家、活動家

from activists, from the government,

和政府之間的矛盾說法，

which leaves the local communities

使當地社區

as collateral victims of global disagreement.

成為全球分歧的連帶受害者。

And this has kept every one of us

這讓我們所有人都陷入

in the merry-go-round of climate confusion.

氣候困惑的惡性循環。

Secondly ...

其次……

We need to engage the population that is most affected,

我們需要讓受影響最嚴重的人口參與，

in this case, the young people, the youth.

這裡指的就是年輕人－青年。

With 70 percent of Africa below the age of 30,

非洲有 70％ 的人口年齡 在 30 歲以下，

youth represent the largest demographic opportunity for the continent.

青年代表了非洲大陸最大的族群。

We have to engage, including youth,

我們必須讓青年參與，

to be an opportunity to uplift the continent

 他們是提升非洲的機會所在，

from the devastating poverty.

讓我們擺脫破壞性的貧困。

And excluding young people in all the climate activities

將年輕人排除在所有氣候活動之外

will benefit conflict.

只會助長衝突。

So we must engage young people.

因此我們必須讓年輕人參與。

This is because we do know youth are the legitimate owners of the future,

因為我們知道青年 是真正擁有未來的人，

so their inclusion is mandatory.

所以他們的參與是必要的。

And finally,

最後，

as we seek to mitigate the effects of climate change and conflict,

我們在減輕氣候變遷和衝突的影響時，

it is time to hold corporations,

應該要讓企業、

government and individuals accountable

政府和個人

對在國內外犯下的氣候罪行負責。

for committing climate crimes at home and abroad.

This should be done by establishing International Climate Court.

這應該透過建立 國際氣候法庭來實現。

Today, the world is celebrating the transition to clean energy.

今天，世界正在慶祝 清潔能源的轉型。

We are celebrating the progress.

我們在慶祝進步。

But we cannot celebrate the transition to clean energy

但我們不能在慶祝 清潔能源轉型的同時，

while being silent about the death and suffering of millions of people.

 對數百萬人的死亡和痛苦保持沉默。

In Democratic Republic of Congo, for instance,

例如，在剛果民主共和國，

populations have been displaced,

人們被迫流離失所，

millions have been killed,

數百萬人死亡，

lost properties,

 財產損失，

just because companies or corporations

只是因為公司或企業

are exploiting their natural resources.

正在剝削他們的自然資源。

And we have seen also rebel groups fighting to take on the fertile lands,

我們也看到反叛組織 爭奪剛果民主共和國

lands rich with minerals in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

富含礦產的肥沃土地。

The truth is, the suffering, the death,

事實是，我們在剛果 看到的痛苦、死亡、

the inhumanity we are seeing in Congo

非人道現象

is a proof that the road to clean energy

證明了通往清潔能源的道路

is so far the dirtiest road on the planet.

迄今是地球上最骯髒的道路。

Of course, I'm also worried.

當然，我也很擔心。

I'm worried that the climate crisis will leave the world more divided,

我擔心氣候危機會讓世界更加分裂，

especially between the global North and the global South.

 特別是在全球北方和南方之間。

I'm also worried that the rich and the poor will be divided.

我也擔心富人和窮人之間的分裂。

The rural and urban.

農村和城市。

Why?

為什麼？

Because 10 percent of the world's wealthiest

因為世界上最富有的 10％ 的人

are discussing a reduction of global emissions by flying less.

正在討論透過減少飛行 來降低全球排放。

And yet, greater, poorer majority

然而，更多的貧困大眾

are dreaming for only the one-time opportunity to fly.

夢想著僅有的一次飛行機會。

And to them,

對他們而言，

all these climate regulations being proposed

 這些被提議的所有氣候規定

appear as an effort to reinforce the pre-existing inequality,

似乎加強現有不平等，

which has always been meant to keep them poor.

旨在讓他們保持貧困。

This is going to create the division.

這將導致分裂。

Lastly,

最後，

there is an African proverb

傳奇的南非音樂家

by legendary South African musician, Lucky Dube,

Lucky Dube 用歌曲唱出 一 個非洲諺語，

who sang the song that says:

他唱道：

"The night is long for a hungry child."

「飢餓孩子的夜晚特別漫長。」

"The night is long for a hungry child."

「飢餓孩子的夜晚特別漫長。」

What an image.

多麼生動的畫面。

That child could have been your child.

那個孩子可能是你的孩子。

Think about that mom,

想想那個媽媽，

that dad, who are powerlessly waiting for the morning,

 那個爸爸，他們無力地 等待著黎明，

to try to get something for the child who can't sleep

試圖為餓著肚子上床 而無法入睡的孩子

because he went to bed with empty stomach.

尋找食物。

If we have opportunity, we should have leadership

如果我們有機會，我們應該有領導人

that are willing to create conditions

願意創造條件，

that will help build the community of tomorrow

幫助建立我們孩子可以依靠的

that our children can count on.

未來社區。

And lastly, may we realize that the birth of a new era

最後，願我們意識到，新時代的誕生

would mean we must all understand that climate change and war

意味著我們都必須了解 氣候變遷和戰爭

are intertwined global long-term challenges.

是相互交織的全球長期挑戰。

It will require all of us to work together and, most importantly,

這將要求我們所有人 共同合作，最重要的是，

mobilize a generation that is so willing to defy violence

動員一個願意抗拒暴力， 為我們所有人的利益

and work for the good of all of us.

而努力的一代。

Apwoyo matek. Thank you very much.

（阿喬利語）非常感謝。 非常感謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）