A Path to Social Safety for Migrant Workers | Ashif Shaikh | TED

翻译人员: Lena Fu 校对人员: suya f.

So most of us here are migrants.

我们这里大多数人是移民，

We have moved for opportunities and a better life for ourselves

我们搬家是为了自己和孩子

and our children.

能获得更多的机会和更好的生活。

There are three quarters of a billion workers globally

全球有 7.5 亿工人

who migrate within their countries.

在自己的国家内移民。

Some go to the nearest town for a short duration,

有些人去最近的城镇短暂停留，

and some travel thousands of miles for months, even years,

有些人长途跋涉数月甚至数年，

leaving all they know, including their families, behind.

抛下他们所熟悉的一切， 包括他们的家人。

These migrants work at a construction site,

这些移民在建筑工地、

manufacturing units,

工厂、

agriculture fields.

农田工作。

But unlike us,

但与我们不同，

they are not migrating for opportunities, but to survive.

他们移民不是为了机会，而是为了生存。

The majority of them are poor,

他们中的大多数都很穷，

working for very low wages and lack safety nets.

工资很低，而且缺乏社会保障。

Many face hunger,

许多人面临饥饿、

debt

债务

and exploitation.

和剥削。

Without safety nets, one job loss, one health emergency,

没有社会保障， 一次失业、一次疾病，

undermine years of effort

就会让他们多年的努力付之一炬。

and keep them trapped in the cycles of poverty.

并使他们陷入贫困的循环。

I come from India.

我来自印度。

India is the fastest-growing economy in the world

印度是世界上增长最快的经济体，

and home to 200 million internal migrants.

拥有 2 亿国内移民。

These migrants directly contribute at least 10 percent

这些移民直接贡献了 我们 3 万亿美元 GD​​P 中的

in our three-trillion GDP,

至少 10%。

but they lack safety nets.

但他们缺乏社会保障。

What's remarkable is that we have a huge safety-net system in India

值得注意的是， 我们在印度拥有一个庞大的社会保障体系，

which provides various benefits

它提供各种福利，

like cash transfer, food subsidy, health care, insurance.

如现金转移支付、食品补贴、 医疗保健、保险。

In fact, there are 7,000 benefits available

事实上，有 7,000 项福利

with billions of dollars allocated for the poor, including migrants.

为包括移民在内的穷人分配了数十亿美元。

And evidence shows that these benefits help in a huge way.

有证据表明，这些福利有很大帮助。

And globally, safety nets [help] reduce poverty by 40 percent.

在全球范围内， 社会保障[帮助]减少了 40% 的贫困。

But migrants [can’t] access them and access is not very easy.

但移民【无法】获得这些福利， 获得这些福利并不容易。

Most do not know about the benefit.

大多数人不知道这些福利。

If they do, requirements are too complex and too many

即使他们知道， 对于作为日薪工人的移民来说，

for the migrants who are daily-wage earners.

【获得福利】的要求太复杂、太多了。

So the money and programs exist,

因此，资金和项目是存在的，

but the delivery system is just not working.

但支付系统却不起作用。

And this is what our team and partners at Migrant Resilience Collaborative

这就是我们移民韧性合作计划 的团队和合作伙伴

are trying to fix.

正在努力解决的问题。

Our goal is simple.

我们的目标很简单。

We build resilience and ensure dignity of the migrant community.

我们增强移民社区的韧性并保障其尊严。

For this, we have adopted a two-pronged strategy.

为此，我们采取了双管齐下的策略。

Our team, over 1,000 people, themselves come from the migrant community,

我们的团队有 1,000 多人， 他们本身都来自移民社区，

helps millions across 100 districts

帮助 100 个地区的

to overcome the challenges in the delivery

数百万移民克服

and access of their benefits.

在福利获取和交付中的挑战。

And at the same time,

同时，

we establish a feedback loop from the community

我们建立了从社区

to the government and industry.

到政府和行业的反馈渠道。

So we can improve the underlying system,

这样我们可以改进基础系统、

policy design and accountability to fix the system long-term

政策制定和问责机制， 从而长期修复系统，

for tens of millions more.

惠及数千万人。

In just two and a half years,

在短短两年半的时间里，

what we started as an audacious idea,

我们最初作为一个大胆构想启动的项目，

is today the planet’s largest

如今已成为世界上最大的

grassroots-led collaborative for the migrants

基层移民合作组织，

and has helped over three million households

并已帮助超过 300 万户家庭

for the social security benefits.

获得社会保障福利。

Benefits for the people like Suresh.

让像苏雷什这样的人受益。

We met Suresh when he was looking for daily job work in Mumbai.

当初我们见到他的时候 他正在孟买寻找工作。

Let's hear from him.

让我们听听他怎么说。

(Video) Suresh Waidande: My wife and I work very hard to ensure that our children

（录像）苏雷什·瓦伊丹德: 我和我的妻子非常努力地工作，

do not have to do hard labor,

以确保我们的孩子不必做苦工，

that they get a good education.

并且能接受良好的教育。

My name is Suresh Bhimrao Waidande.

我的名字是苏雷什·比姆拉奥·瓦伊丹德。

I'm from the Khatav Block of Satara district.

我来自萨塔拉区卡塔夫街区。

I got tired of being poor and quit school to work for daily wages.

我厌倦了贫穷的生活，辍学去做日工。

I decided that I had to work hard to survive

我决定我必须努力工作以生存

and make sure that I could feed my family.

并确保我能养活我的家人。

So I came to Mumbai.

所以我来到孟买。

When I arrived I took the Koyna Express from Satara to Mumbai.

当我到达时，

我乘坐了从萨塔拉 到孟买的科伊那列车。

It was my first time taking a train.

这是我第一次坐火车。

I saw mountains, valleys, canyons and tunnels.

我看到了山脉、山谷、峡谷和隧道。

The atmosphere was so different.

那里的氛围太不一样了。

For my first job, I was paid something like 30-40 rupees a day

我第一份工作每天的工资 大约是 30-40 卢比

(less than 50 cents USD).

（不到 50 美分）。

As a daily laborer, there are many problems.

作为一名日薪工人，有很多问题。

and some are really difficult to overcome.

有些问题真的很难克服。

If workers take on jobs without proper identification

如果工人没有适当的身份证明

or attendance cards [to track their hours],

或考勤卡（记录他们的工作时间）

they can potentially lose payment.

他们可能会失去报酬。

Sometimes the employer doesn't pay for your travel like they should,

有时雇主没有按规定支付差旅费，

or they promise you work and then give it to someone else.

或者把承诺给你的工作给了别人。

There is a lot of injustice.

有很多不公平的情况。

Such information is shared by Jan Sahas.

Jan Sahas 分享了这些信息。

But not everything about our work is formal,

但我们的工作并非全都是正式的，

so they ask us to be careful and aware.

所以他们要求我们小心谨慎。

They provide us information about our rights.

他们提供有关我们权利的信息。

And assure us of support if we are treated unfairly

并向我们保证， 如果我们受到不公平对待

or face any injustice.

或面临任何不公正时， 他们会提供帮助。

Whether it's Mumbai or any other city in India,

无论是在孟买还是印度的任何其他城市，

the country cannot survive without workers like us.

如果没有像我们这样的工人， 这个国家就无法运转。

The great poet Annabhau Sathe used to say,

伟大的诗人安纳布豪·萨特曾经说过，

this land is not resting on Earth but on callused hands of workers.

这片土地不是安放在地球上的 ， 而是托在工人们粗糙的双手上的。

The only way that any town, village or country can develop

任何城镇、村庄或国家发展的唯一途径

is through the hard labor of workers.

都是通过工人的辛勤劳动。

(Applause)

（掌声）

AS: With support of our team,

在我们团队的支持下，

Suresh has access to food security,

苏雷什获得了粮食保障、

insurance and a hope to continue education for his children.

保险，并希望他的孩子能继续接受教育。

(Applause)

（掌声）

And most importantly, most importantly,

最最重要的是，

knowledge on how to access his rights and entitlements.

他了解了如何获得他的权利和权益。

Let me leave you with this.

让我以此总结。

With climate change,

随着气候变化，

the migration is set to grow at an unprecedented scale

移民人数在我们国家

in our countries.

将以空前的规模增长。

We will scale our program across south and southeast Asia

我们将在南亚和东南亚扩大我们的项目，

to share our work with the world.

与世界分享我们的工作成果。

There are hundreds of millions of people who work very hard

有数亿人努力工作，

to build modern society from the ground up.

筑造了现代社会的基石。

The buildings where we live or work in,

我们居住或工作的建筑物、

the airport, the big hotels,

机场、大酒店，

but yet none of these [are] accessible for them.

这些对他们并不友好。

This is the moment where we should recognize their contribution.

现在是时候认识到他们的贡献了。

And ensure they will no longer be invisible or ignored.

并确保他们不再被忽视或被轻视。

They belong.

他们属于这里。

We do this work to honor their dignity.

我们做这项工作是为了尊重他们的尊严。

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）