3 questions we should ask about nuclear weapons | Emma Belcher

76,295 views ใƒป 2019-12-18

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Young Woo Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:13
So you know when you're doubled over in pain
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต์— ๋ชธ์„ ์›…ํฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:16
and you're wondering, is it your appendix
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๋งน์žฅ์— ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
00:18
or maybe you ate something funny?
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์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Well, when that happens to me, I call my friend Sasha --
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
Sasha is a doctor --
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์‚ฌ์ƒค๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
and I say, "Should I rush to the nearest emergency room
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"๋‹น์žฅ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๊นŒ?
00:29
in a panic?
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00:30
Or am I OK to relax and just wait it out?"
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด๊นŒ?"
00:33
Yes, I am that annoying friend.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ €๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ์นœ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
But in September 2017,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 2017๋…„ 9์›”,
00:41
friends of mine were suddenly calling me
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ
00:44
for my professional opinion.
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์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ณด๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
00:47
And no, I'm not a doctor,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ €๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
00:49
but they were asking me questions of life and death.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
So what was going on in September of 2017?
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2017๋…„ 9์›”์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”?
00:57
Well, North Korea was suddenly and scarily all over the news.
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๋ถํ•œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋ฎ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:02
Kim Jong-un had tested missiles
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๊น€์ •์€์ด ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
potentially capable of hitting major US cities,
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฃผ์š” ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ ํƒ€๊ฒฉํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ์„์š”.
01:08
and President Trump had responded with tweets of "fire and fury."
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ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์— "ํ™”์—ผ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋…ธ"๋ผ๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ต์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
And there was real concern that tensions would escalate
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์ง„์งœ ์šฐ๋ คํ•  ์ ์€ ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ์ฆํญ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
to a potential war
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์ž ์žฌ์  ์ „์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜
01:19
or even nuclear weapons use.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
01:23
So what my friends were calling and asking was:
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ ๊ฑด
01:25
Should they panic or were the OK to relax?
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๊ธด์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Œ ํŽธํžˆ ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
But really, they were asking me a fundamental question:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ, ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:36
"Am I safe?"
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ˆ?"์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
While I was reassuring them that, no, they didn't need to worry just yet,
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์•„์ง ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ˆ์‹ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ,
01:44
the irony of their question dawned on me.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์—ญ์„ค์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
What they hadn't really thought about
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
is that we've all been living under a much larger cloud for decades --
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01:54
potentially a mushroom cloud --
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ํ•ตํญ๋ฐœ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ์š”.
01:56
without giving it much thought.
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๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์—†์ด์š”.
02:00
Now it's not surprising that friends of mine
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋†€๋ž์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
and many others like them don't know much about nuclear weapons
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€์‹์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜
02:05
and don't think about them.
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
02:06
After all, the end of the Cold War,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋ƒ‰์ „์ด ์ข…์‹๋˜๊ณ 
02:09
the United States and Russia, tension abated,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ์™„ํ™”๋˜๋ฉฐ
02:13
we started dismantling nuclear weapons,
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ฒด๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
02:15
and they started to become a relic of the past.
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Generations didn't have to grow up with the specter of nuclear war
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์ดํ›„ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ ๋งด๋„๋Š” ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
hanging over their heads.
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02:25
And there other reasons people don't like to think about nuclear weapons.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
It's scary, overwhelming.
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๋ฌด์„œ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์œ„์••์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
I get it.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Sometimes I wish I could have chosen a cheerier field to study.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ, ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฐ์€ ์ชฝ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ.
02:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:37
Perhaps tax law would have been more uplifting.
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์กฐ์„ธ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด, ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
02:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:42
But in addition to that,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
02:44
people have so many other things to think about in their busy lives,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ”์œ ์‚ถ ์†์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:48
and they'd much prefer to think about something over which
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ํ†ต์ œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:51
they feel they have some semblance of control,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
and they assume that other people, smarter than they on this topic,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:57
are working away to keep us all safe.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
03:01
And then, there are other reasons people don't talk about this,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:04
and one is because we, as nuclear experts,
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ต ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
03:07
use a whole lot of convoluted jargon and terminology
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋‚œํ•ดํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ์šฉ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
to talk about these issues:
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03:13
CVID, ICBM, JCPOA.
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CVID, ICBM, JCPOA
03:17
It's really inaccessible for a lot of people.
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
And, in reality, it actually sometimes I think makes us numb
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๊ฐ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
to what we're really talking about here.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:28
And what we are really talking about here
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:31
is the fact that,
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๋ƒ‰์ „ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:32
while we've made dramatic reductions in the number of nuclear weapons
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03:35
since the Cold War,
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03:37
right now, there are almost 15,000 in the world today.
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ํ˜„์žฌ 1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
15,000.
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1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์š”.
03:47
The United States and Russia have over 90 percent of these nuclear weapons.
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์ด ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ 90% ์ด์ƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
If you're wondering, these are the countries that have the rest.
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[์ค‘๊ตญ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ์ธ๋„, ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜, ๋ถํ•œ, ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„, ์˜๊ตญ]
03:57
But they have far fewer,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์€ ์ˆซ์ž์ฃ .
03:59
ranging in the sort of 300-ish range and below.
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๋Œ€๋žต 3๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ดํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Adding to this situation is the fact that we have new technologies
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์ด์— ๋”ํ•ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:08
that potentially bring us new challenges.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Could you imagine, one day, countries like ours and others
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
04:17
potentially ceding decisions about a nuclear strike to a robot,
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ํ•ต๊ณต๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„
์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์—๊ฒŒ
04:22
based on algorithms?
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์œ„์ž„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:24
And what data do they use to inform those algorithms?
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์ € ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š”์š”?
04:28
This is pretty terrifying.
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๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋‘๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
So adding to this are terrorism potential,
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์ด์— ๋”ํ•ด ์ž ์žฌ์  ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ, ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ,
04:35
cyberattacks, miscalculation, misunderstanding.
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๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ฐฉ์˜ค, ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์˜คํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
The list of nuclear nightmares tends to grow longer by the day.
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ํ•ต์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์•…๋ชฝ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
And there are a number of former officials,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ „์ง ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ,
04:45
as well as experts,
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
04:46
who worry that right now, we're in greater danger
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด
๋ƒ‰์ „์‹œ๋Œ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
than we were in various points in the Cold War.
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04:54
So this is scary.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋”์ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
What can we do?
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:58
Well, thankfully,
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„,
05:00
["Duck and Cover"]
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["์›…ํฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”"]
05:01
we don't have to rely on the advice from the 1950s.
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1950๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์— ์˜์ง€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:05
We can take some control,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
and the way we do that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด,
05:09
is by starting to ask some fundamental questions
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
about the status quo
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ
05:14
and whether we are happy with the way it is.
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์ด๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
05:18
We need to begin asking questions of ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
and of our elected officials,
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์„ ์ถœ๋œ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„์š”,
05:22
and I'd like to share three with you today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
The first one is,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”,
05:29
"How much nuclear risk are you willing to take or tolerate?"
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ํ•ต ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฉ์ธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:34
Right now, nuclear policy depends on deterrence theory.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•ต๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์–ต์ œ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Developed in the 1950s,
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1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์ธ๋ฐ,
05:41
the idea is that one country's nuclear weapons
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ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Š”
05:43
prevents another country from using theirs.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
So you nuke me, I nuke you,
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ํ•ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ•ต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ 
05:50
and we both lose.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:52
So in a way, there's a stalemate.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„  ๊ผผ์ง ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:55
No one uses their weapons, and we're all safe.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:59
But this theory has real questions.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ด๋ก ์—๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
There are experts who challenge this theory
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์ด ์ด๋ก ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
and wonder: Does it really work this way in practice?
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
06:11
It certainly doesn't allow for mistakes or miscalculations.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์šฉ๋‚ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
Now, I don't know about you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์–ด๋– ์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
06:19
but I feel pretty uncomfortable gambling my future survival,
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์ €๋Š” ์ €์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„
06:25
yours, and our future generations',
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ๋„๋ฐ•์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ํŽธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
on a theory that is questionable
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๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์˜๋ฌธ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:32
and doesn't allow any room for a mistake.
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์ „ํ˜€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์šฉ๋‚จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:36
It makes me even more uncomfortable
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑด
06:39
to be threatening the evaporation
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
06:42
of millions of people on the other side of the Earth.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์†Œ๋ฉธ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Surely we can do better for ourselves,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:49
drawing on our ingenuity to solve complex problems,
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฒœ์žฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:52
as we have in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
06:55
After all, this is a man-made,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ด๊ฑด ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ,
06:57
human-made --
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ
06:58
I shouldn't say "man," because women were involved --
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"๋‚จ์ž"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”, ์—ฌ์ž๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:01
a human-made problem.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ˆ
07:04
We have human solutions that should be possible.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
So, next question: "Who do you think should make nuclear decisions?"
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๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"ํ•ต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?"
07:14
Right now, in this democracy, in the United States,
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ
07:18
one person
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
07:21
gets to decide whether or not to launch a nuclear strike.
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ํ•ต ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋ง ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
They don't have to consult anybody.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ƒ์˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
So that's the president.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด์ฃ .
07:32
He or she can decide --
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๊ทธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
within a very limited amount of time,
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์•„์ฃผ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์—,
07:37
under great pressure, potentially, depending on the scenario,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์••๋ฐ• ์†์—์„œ, ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ,
07:42
maybe based on a miscalculation or a misunderstanding --
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ฐฉ์˜ค ๋˜๋Š” ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
07:46
they can decide the fate of millions of lives:
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์šด๋ช…์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
yours, mine, our community's.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค, ์ € ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์šด๋ช…์„์š”.
07:54
And they can do this and launch a nuclear strike,
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๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ํ•ต ๋‹จ์ถ”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
potentially setting in motion the annihilation of the human race.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๋ฉธ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:05
Wow.
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์™€์šฐ.
08:08
This doesn't have to be our reality, though, and in fact,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋น„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ต๋ณด์œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:11
in a number of other countries that have nuclear weapons, it's not,
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08:14
including countries that are not democracies.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
We created this system. We can change it.
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
And there's actually a movement underway to do so.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
So this leads me to my third question:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
"What do your elected officials know about nuclear weapons,
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"์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์„ ์ถœํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:32
and what types of decisions are they likely to take on your behalf?"
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”?"
08:37
Well, Congress has a very important role to play
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์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:40
in oversight of and interrogating US nuclear weapons policy.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ๋…์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
They can decide what to fund, what not to fund,
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์–ด๋””์— ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋Œˆ์ง€ ์•ˆ ๋Œˆ์ง€ ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
and they represent you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:50
Now unfortunately, since the end of the Cold War,
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋ƒ‰์ „์ด ์ข…์‹๋œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ,
08:53
we've seen a real decline in the level of understanding,
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์˜ํšŒ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
08:57
on Capitol Hill, about these issues.
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์ดํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
While we are starting to see some terrific new champions emerge,
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ,
09:03
the reality is that the general lack of awareness
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ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹๋ถ€์กฑ์ด
09:06
is highly concerning,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
given that these people need to make critically important decisions.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ์š”.
09:14
To make matters worse,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
09:15
the political partisanship that currently grips Washington
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ •๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹นํŒŒ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€
09:19
also affects this issue.
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์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
This wasn't always the case, though.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
09:23
At the end of the Cold War, members from both sides of the aisle
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๋ƒ‰์ „์ด ์ข…์‹๋  ๋•Œ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‘ ์ •ํŒŒ๋Š”
09:26
had a really good understanding about the nuclear challenges we were facing
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ํ•ต ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
09:31
and worked together on cooperative programs.
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
They recognized that nuclear risk reduction
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ํ•ต์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:38
was far too important to allow it to succumb to political partisanship.
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๋‹นํŒŒ ์ •์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
They created programs
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„Œ-๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์œ„ํ—˜๊ฐ์†Œ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ™์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
09:44
such as the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program,
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09:47
which sought to lock down and eliminate
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๊ตฌ ์†Œ๋ จ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ
09:50
vulnerable nuclear material in the former Soviet Union.
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ํ•ต ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ด‰์‡„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฑฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
So we need to return to this era of bipartisanship,
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์ด๋•Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘๋‹น ์ •์น˜ ์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
mutual problem-solving
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ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:01
that's based on understanding and awareness about the challenges we face
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์ฆ‰ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ํ•ต ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:05
and the real nuclear dangers.
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์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
And that's where you come in.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
Public pressure is important.
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Leaders need a constituent base to act.
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๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
So create that constituent base,
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๊ทธ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
10:18
by asking them some simple questions.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
Ask them, "What do you know about nuclear weapons?"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
"ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
10:25
"Do you have a nuclear expert on your staff?
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"๋ณด์ขŒ์ง„ ์ค‘์— ํ•ต๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
10:28
Or, if not, do you know somebody you could refer to
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์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ
10:31
if you need to make an important decision?"
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์ž๋ฌธํ•  ๋งŒํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
10:34
Start to find out what they believe
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€
10:36
and whether it aligns with your own views and values.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:40
Ask them, "How would you choose to spend US national treasure?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
10:46
On a new nuclear arms race
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์š”?
10:48
or another national security priority,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฌธ์ œ์—์š”?
10:50
such as cybersecurity or climate change?"
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10:54
Ask them, "Are you willing to put aside partisanship
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
"์ œ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์กด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”
10:57
to address this existential threat that affects my survival
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์ด ์‹ค์กด์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:02
and your constituents' survival?"
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์ •ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
11:06
Now, people will tell you nuclear policy is far too difficult to understand
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•ต๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
and complexed and nuanced for the general public to understand,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
11:14
let alone debate.
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ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๊ณ ์š”.
11:16
After all, this is "national security."
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ด๊ฑด "๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด ๋ฌธ์ œ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
There needs to be secrets.
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๋ณด์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
11:22
Don't let that put you off.
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๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏธ๋ค„์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
We debate all sorts of issues
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ถ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ํ† ๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
that are critically important to our lives --
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11:28
why should nuclear weapons be any different?
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์™œ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
11:31
We debate health care, education, the environment.
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์˜๋ฃŒ๋‚˜ ๊ต์œก, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:34
Surely congressional oversight,
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐ๋…๊ณผ
11:37
civic participation that are such hallmarks of US democracy,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ด
11:41
surely they apply here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
After all, these are cases of life and death that we're talking about.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
And we won't all agree,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
11:52
but whether or not you believe nuclear weapons keep us safe
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
11:56
or that nuclear weapons are a liability,
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฏฟ๋“ ์ง€ ์•ˆ ๋ฏฟ๋“ ์ง€
11:59
I urge you to put aside partisan, ideological issues
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‹นํŒŒ์ , ์ด๋…์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์ณ ๋‘๊ณ 
12:04
and listen to each other.
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์„œ๋กœ ๊ท€๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
So I'll tell you now what I didn't have the guts to tell my friends at the time.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋งˆ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
No, you're not safe --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
not just because of North Korea.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ถํ•œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
But there is something you can do about it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
Demand that your elected representatives
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์„ ์ถœํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋“ค์ด
12:26
can give you answers to your questions,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋” ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:29
and answers that you can live with
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„,
12:32
and that billions of others can live with too.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„์š”.
12:36
And if they can't,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:37
stay on them until they can.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:41
And if that doesn't work,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:43
find others, who are able to represent your views.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
12:48
Because by doing so, we can begin to change the answer to the question
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
"Am I safe?"
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"์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?"
12:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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