The Creativity and Community Behind Fanfiction | Cecilia Aragon | TED

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2022-03-29 ใƒป TED


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The Creativity and Community Behind Fanfiction | Cecilia Aragon | TED

33,604 views ใƒป 2022-03-29

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Woojin So ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:04
So when I was 10 years old,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ด ์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
00:07
I was a lonely, geeky girl;
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์™ธ๋กœ์›€์„ ํƒ€๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ดด์งœ๊ฐ™์€ ์•„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
a first-generation Latina growing up in a small Midwestern town
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์ „ ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ 1์„ธ๋Œ€๋กœ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค‘์„œ๋ถ€ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
where hardly anyone else had parents who spoke with thick accents.
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๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์–ต์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์• ๋“ค์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
00:20
But then I came across Tolkienโ€™s fantasy trilogy,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค J. R. R. ํ†จํ‚จ์˜ 3๋ถ€์ž‘์„ ์ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
โ€œThe Lord of the Rings,โ€
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โ€œ๋ฐ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์™•โ€œ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:26
and I fell in love.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ‘น ๋น ์กŒ์ฃ .
00:28
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
00:30
What a cool world of elves,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์ธ๊ฐ€์š”.
00:32
orcs
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์—˜ํ”„์™€ ์˜คํฌ,
00:33
and small but heroic hobbits fighting against impossible odds
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์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜ธ๋น—๋“ค์ด ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ด๊ณ 
00:38
to defeat a powerful enemy.
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๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋‹ˆ.
00:41
Kind of like life.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ตฐ์š”.
00:43
But one thing bothered me.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์•„์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:46
There werenโ€™t enough female characters in this book.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
00:51
The adventurers accompanying the protagonists were all male.
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์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต๊ณผ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚จ์ž์˜€์ฃ .
00:57
It made me feel left out,
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์†Œ์™ธ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์–ด์š”.
00:59
like I did in school when --
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:02
youโ€™re not going to believe this --
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:04
when my 7th grade teacher told me,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 7ํ•™๋…„์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
01:08
โ€œWhy are you working so hard in math?
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โ€œ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ?
01:10
You should be getting a boyfriend!โ€
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๋‚จ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ž‘ ์‚ฌ๊ท€์–ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ์ง€!โ€
01:13
(Audience boos)
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(ํƒ„์‹)
01:17
But worse, it offended my sense of fairness.
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ œ์ผ ์†์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:21
Surely girls could have adventures too.
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์—ฌ์ž๋„ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ๋– ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
01:26
So what could I do?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
I sat down with my spiral notebook
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์Šคํ”„๋ง ๋…ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ
01:30
and I rewrote the story.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์–ด์š”.
01:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
01:36
I regendered a couple of the main characters,
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์ฃผ์—ฐ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ ,
01:39
and I added new scenes,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ๋ฉด๋„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
like one where a female hobbit devised a clever plan
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ˜ธ๋น—์กฑ์ด ๋ฌ˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ก์„ ์ฒ˜์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์š”.
01:45
to foil the Balrog,
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01:46
a monster who caused the death of one of my favorite characters.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ดด๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:53
By reimagining Tolkienโ€™s fantasy world,
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ํ†จํ‚จ์˜ ํŒํƒ€์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
01:57
I was creating a place
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ฝํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
where someone like me could feel at home.
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02:03
Writing my story gave me comfort.
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๋‚˜๋งŒ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ„์•ˆ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:07
But it also taught me a lot about how to write.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
I never shared that spiral notebook with anyone.
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๊ทธ ๋…ธํŠธ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
02:17
But what I didnโ€™t realize then
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ž์ฃ .
02:19
was I was writing something called fanfiction --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด โ€˜ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
02:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:27
a story based on characters or settings from anotherโ€™s work ...
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ํƒ€ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ค์ •๊ณผ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
02:32
and that I was not alone.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ์ €๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
It was an experience I never forgot.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:40
And many years later,
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํ๋ฅธ ํ›„,
02:42
after I became a data science professor at the University of Washington
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์–ธ์Šคํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์žฌ์งํ•˜๋˜ 2013๋…„์—
02:47
in 2013,
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02:50
I met another professor named Katie Davis,
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์ผ€์ดํ‹ฐ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„์Šค ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
and we sat down over lunch
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:55
and discussed a recent news story
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02:57
that claimed โ€œkids today canโ€™t write,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์• ๋“ค์€ ๊ธ€๋„ ๋ชป ์“ฐ๊ณ 
03:00
all they produce is misspelled short texts.โ€
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์งง์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ๊ฐ„์‹ ํžˆ ๋„์ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ .
03:05
Katie and I didnโ€™t believe it.
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์ผ€์ดํ‹ฐ์™€ ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:07
We both knew kids whose writing abilities defied these stereotypes.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:14
Whatโ€™s more, the talented young people we happened to know
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๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
03:18
all had heavy involvement in fanfiction reading and writing.
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ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
So this apparent contradiction sparked our exploration
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ณด์ž๋‹ˆ ํƒ๊ตฌ์‹ฌ์ด ํƒ€์˜ฌ๋ž๊ณ 
03:32
into one of my most enduring research projects:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
a deep data dive
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋”ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:38
into the vast world of fanfiction
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ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์˜ ๊ด‘ํ™œํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์–ด
03:43
to study the impact
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ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
03:44
that writing these stories could have on the writers themselves,
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์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:50
and whether writing fanfiction could actually teach kids
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๋˜ ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ์—ฐ
์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ์ง€๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
to become stronger writers.
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03:57
And what we found surpassed anything I could have imagined.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ ์š”.
04:02
So let me set the stage.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:06
For those of you who havenโ€™t heard the term before,
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
04:11
fanfiction,
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ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์ด๋ž€
04:13
sometimes known as transformative literature,
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2์ฐจ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:16
is said by some to go back centuries.
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ดˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
04:20
After all, in the 1600s,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด 1600๋…„๋Œ€์—
04:23
John Milton wrote โ€œParadise Lostโ€ using characters from the Bible.
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์กด ๋ฐ€ํŠผ๋„ โ€œ์‹ค๋‚™์›โ€œ์— ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐจ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:33
But today, scholars generally feel
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณดํ†ต ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
04:35
that modern fanfiction traces its origins to typewritten zines
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์˜ ์‹œ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
60-70๋…„๋Œ€์— โ€œ์Šคํƒ€ ํŠธ๋ ‰โ€œ์˜ ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ์žก์ง€ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ธฐ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
written by โ€œStar Trekโ€ fans in the โ€˜60s andโ€™ 70s.
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04:44
And with the growth of the internet,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:46
barriers to sharing have been lowered further.
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๋”๋”์šฑ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:49
Millions of people are writing and sharing fan fiction
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
on a variety of websites
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04:54
around existing plots like โ€œHarry Potter,โ€
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โ€œํ•ด๋ฆฌ ํฌํ„ฐโ€ ์ค„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:58
โ€œTwilight,โ€
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โ€œํŠธ์™€์ผ๋ผ์ž‡โ€
04:59
โ€œNaruto,โ€
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โ€œ๋‚˜๋ฃจํ† โ€
05:01
โ€œMy Little Ponyโ€ --
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โ€œ๋งˆ์ด ๋ฆฌํ‹€ ํฌ๋‹ˆโ€
05:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:03
and โ€œPokรฉmonโ€
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โ€œํฌ์ผ“๋ชฌโ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
05:04
and many others.
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05:06
You probably have a teenage relative or neighbor
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์•„๋งˆ ์นœ์ฒ™์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์›ƒ ์ค‘ ์‹ญ๋Œ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
05:10
who reads or writes fanfiction.
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ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์„ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
These stories are wildly diverse
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์„œ
05:18
and may be creative, thoughtful or hilarious.
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์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์›ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:23
You might find titles like,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
โ€œWhen Harry Potter Accidentally Started a Cult.โ€
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โ€œํ•ด๋ฆฌ ํฌํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์ด๋น„์— ๋น ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ.โ€
05:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:31
Or, โ€œFive Times Hermione Snogged Harry --
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, โ€œํ—ค๋ฅด๋ฏธ์˜จ๋Š, ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ํ‚ค์Šคํ•˜๊ณ 
05:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:37
And One Time She Didnโ€™t.โ€
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋‹ค.โ€
05:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:41
The sheer quantity of fanfiction thatโ€™s been produced is astonishing.
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๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์ด ์Ÿ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐธ ๋†€๋ž์ฃ .
05:46
In the past 20 years alone,
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์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
05:49
over 60 billion words of fanfiction have been written
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๋‹ค ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด 600์–ต ๋‹จ์–ด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด
05:53
and posted on a single online site:
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ํ•œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
fanfiction.net,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ fanfiction.net์œผ๋กœ
05:57
which is only one of many fanfiction hubs.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ 2์ฐจ ์ฐฝ์ž‘์ด ์—…๋กœ๋“œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
Now compare that with the amount of fiction written in the English language
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ์‡„๋ฌผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ถœํŒ๋œ ์˜๋ฌธ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
06:06
thatโ€™s been traditionally published
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06:08
in all of human history ...
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด 800์–ต ๊ฑด์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
80 billion.
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06:12
So this is an incredible outpouring of creativity.
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๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:18
And on this site, it's written primarily by young people.
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์ด ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
This siteโ€™s 15 million members write in 44 different languages,
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1500๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ 44๊ฐœ๊ตญ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
06:28
and their median age is 15 and a half.
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๊ฐ€์ž…์ž์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” 15์„ธ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
Most of the authors are between 13 and 21,
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 13์„ธ์—์„œ 21์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€์ด๋ฉฐ
06:35
and most are teenage girls.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์‹ญ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
73 percent identify as female,
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73%๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ
06:41
and interestingly,
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์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:42
more fanfiction authors identify as gender nonconforming than male.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„ฑ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Authors we interviewed told us they wrote fan fiction
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€๊ณผ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ์— ์• ์ •์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ์„œ
06:53
because they love the characters and worlds.
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ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
And over and over again,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์„œ
06:59
they told us how much they learned about writing
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒฌ๋ค์—์„œ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ
07:02
from participating in these communities.
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์ž‘๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
Hereโ€™s an example.
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์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
07:08
One author told us she started writing fanfiction at age 13
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ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ์— ํ‘น ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
07:12
when she had this intense crush on a fictional character.
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13์‚ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
(Sighs)
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(ํ•œ์ˆจ)
07:17
It led her to write fanfiction with phrases like
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๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์จ ๋ดค๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
07:22
โ€œgorgeous cerulean orbsโ€, or
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โ€œ๋„‹์„ ๋นผ๋†“๋Š” ์ง™ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋ˆˆ๋™์žโ€ ๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:26
โ€œmanly hunks of muscle.โ€
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โ€œ๋‚จ์ž๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋ˆ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ์œกโ€
07:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:30
Kind of embarrassing.
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์ข€ ๋ฏผ๋งํ•˜๊ตฐ์š”.
07:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:33
And she told us,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
07:35
โ€œBut reviewers were kind enough
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โ€œํŒฌํ”ฝ ๋…์ž๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์นœ์ ˆํ•ด์„œ
07:37
to be positive about my amateurish fangirl postings,
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์•„๋งˆ์ถ”์–ด์ ์ธ ํŒฌ์˜ ๊ธ€๋„ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์–ด์ค˜์š”.
07:41
mostly because they also like this character.
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์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:46
But they also pointed out my uses of clichรฉs and overwriting.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ƒํˆฌ์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ง€์ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์–ด์„œ
07:51
As a result, I learned to be sensitive to these types of bad writing.
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๋งค๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋„๋ก ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Today, I publish original fiction,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:00
and no one has ever called me out on a florid writing style.โ€
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์žฅํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…์ž๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.โ€
08:06
She concluded with,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€์ฃ .
08:08
โ€œI think if a teacher had simply red-pencilied my childish scribbles,
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โ€œ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋„์ ์˜€๋˜ ๊ธ€์„ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์ฑ„์ ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:13
I might have been so discouraged as to never write again.โ€
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์ฃผ๋ˆ…์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๋‹ค์‹  ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.โ€
08:17
Another author,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š”
08:18
who later became our student,
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08:20
told us that she learned about spelling and grammar while writing fan fiction.
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ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์„ ์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ ์ฒ ์ž๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
But she also told us,
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๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
โ€œWhen I started writing fanfiction at age 13,
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โ€œ13์‚ด์— ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:31
I was a queer, autistic middle-schooler
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์ „ ๊ดด์งœ์˜€๊ณ , ์žํ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:35
who hadnโ€™t yet realized I was either of these things.
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๊ทธ๋• ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:38
I had difficulty with social situations.
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๋‚ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:41
Fanfiction communities were a vital social and learning outlet.โ€
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ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์นœ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
08:47
Today sheโ€™s done something that few undergraduates ever have.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ํ•™์ƒ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
08:51
Sheโ€™s published a first author academic paper in a top-rated venue.
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๋ช…์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ์ฒซ ํ•™์ˆ  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฒŒ์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:03
After studying many individual writersโ€™ stories over time,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:07
we came to see that these personal stories were consistent with the data,
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์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๊ณ 
09:14
The young writersโ€™ use of words grew more diverse
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
as they received more reviews.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
09:23
So how did these kids learn
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ, ๋˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:25
and from whom?
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09:28
To find out,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:29
we did a deeper dive into mentoring in fanfiction communities.
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์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Now, we expected to find traditional mentor-mentee pairs,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ์™€ ๋ฉ˜ํ‹ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค์„œ
09:40
older or more experienced authors mentoring younger
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์—ฐ์žฅ์ž๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:45
or less experienced ones.
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09:48
But what we found was completely different.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
We found millions of authors and readers communicating
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๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์™€ ๋…์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:56
via multiple channels
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09:59
and reviewing each otherโ€™s work
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๋‚ด๊ณต๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—†์ด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ๊ธ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
regardless of experience level.
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10:05
People of all ages listening to and reviewing each otherโ€™s stories.
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๋‚˜์ด์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:13
This was so cool we had to give it a name,
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ช…์นญ์„ ๋ถ™์˜€์–ด์š”.
10:15
so we call it โ€œdistributed mentoringโ€.
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โ€œ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋งโ€ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:19
You can also think of it as nanomentoring.
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โ€˜๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋งโ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:22
Each piece of mentoring is tiny on its own,
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์กฐ์–ธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
10:26
but the combination of all of it is much greater than the sum of its parts.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ด๋ฉด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
A key attribute of distributed mentoring is its abundance.
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๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง์€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
One author we interviewed,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š”
10:37
who wrote both traditionally published fiction and fan fiction,
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์†Œ์„ค ์ถœ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:41
told us that she received more feedback in a single week
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ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ 1์ฃผ์ผ ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด
10:47
on her fanfiction
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10:48
than she did in two years on her published novel.
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์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ ์†Œ์„ค์ด 2๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
Itโ€™s a difference not only of degree
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ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์˜ ์–‘๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๊ฐ€๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
10:56
but also of kind.
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10:59
By itself, a single comment on a story such as, โ€œloved it,โ€
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โ€œ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฉด
11:04
is relatively meaningless,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
11:07
but hundreds or thousands provide valuable feedback.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์˜ค๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
11:11
Like ...
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด...
11:12
โ€œI like the ambiguity of your ending --
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โ€œ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ง ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ ์ข‹์•„์š”. ํฌ๋ง์ฐฌ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ์š”.โ€
11:15
it leaves me feeling hopeful,โ€
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11:17
and others like these.
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๊ทธ๋ฐ–์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ์š”.
11:19
Reviewers build on and reference each otherโ€™s comments.
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๋…์ž๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
11:23
This enables authors to piece together
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์•„ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
11:26
an overall view of their writing thatโ€™s supportive as well as constructive.
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์˜์š•๋„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ณต๋ถ€๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
We found only one percent of comments constituted bullying.
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์•…์˜์ ์ธ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 1%์— ๊ทธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ต๋ช…์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
11:38
And these are anonymous.
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11:39
This is a surprisingly low number,
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๋ฌด์ฒ™์ด๋‚˜ ์ ์€ ์ˆซ์ž์ฃ .
11:42
as anybody who has read comments on an internet platform knows.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋‚„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:47
Whatโ€™s more,
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๋”์šฑ์ด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…๋ ค ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
11:48
we found the supportive nature of most of these comments was critical
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ํฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
in writing development.
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11:55
One author, who was Black,
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ํ•œ ํ‘์ธ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š”
11:57
made all the characters from a popular TV show Black.
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ํ•œ ์œ ๋ช… TVํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ‘์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ๊ธ€์„ ์ผ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:02
She got comments filled with readersโ€™ sense of freedom
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๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์›€๋„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๋‹ค๋Š”
12:06
and delight from reading her story.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
It not only encouraged her to keep writing,
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์ž‘๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฉ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋‹ค
12:12
it gave her the conviction that what she was doing was worthwhile.
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๊ธ€์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ๋„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:16
And so through this research,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ€์ดํ‹ฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ์ €๋Š”
12:19
Katie and I found ourselves
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12:22
not only believing that, yes, kids can be good writers,
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์•„์ด๋“ค๋„ ์ข‹์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:26
but also that fanfiction
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ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง์ด
12:28
and distributed mentoring could be used in formal education.
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์ •๊ทœ ๊ต์œก์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
A report from the National Assessment of Educational Progress
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๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ต์œกํ‰๊ฐ€์›์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
12:37
found that a whopping 73 percent of US students
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ 8ํ•™๋…„๊ณผ 12ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘ ๋ฌด๋ ค 73%๊ฐ€
12:42
in grades eight and 12 lack proficiency in writing.
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์ž‘๋ฌธ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
Research has shown that adolescence is a wonderful time
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ 
12:52
to improve your writing skills,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:54
and the popularity of fanfiction in this age group shows
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์ด ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ธ๊ธฐ ๋งŽ์€ ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€
ํ•™์Šต ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:58
what an opportunity there is to use it as a learning tool.
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13:02
So here's how I'm imagining it.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
Students with similar interests from school districts across the country
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์ „๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด
13:11
could be connected with one another to get and give anonymous feedback
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๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ต๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
13:15
on their writing.
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13:16
It must be anonymous.
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๊ผญ ์ต๋ช…์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:18
I know this from personal experience.
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์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ƒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
Teachers could moderate the channels to make sure feedback was constructive,
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ์ž˜ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ
13:27
as well as helping students learn from it.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
If this work grew burdensome for teachers,
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ํ˜น์‹œ๋ผ๋„ ๊ณผ์ค‘ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
13:34
hierarchical moderation could help,
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๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
13:36
which is a system where members themselves can report negative
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•…์˜์ ์ธ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹ ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:42
or abusive comments,
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13:45
and volunteer moderators from among the students could decide
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธ€์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด
13:50
which ones to delete,
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13:51
with teachers weighing in only when necessary.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋งŒ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:54
This technique is used in many large, online communities,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:58
and lots of adolescents are familiar with it.
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์ด์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
Fanfiction is a private universe thatโ€™s become a welcoming community,
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ํŒฌํ”ฝ์…˜์€ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘์™€ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:07
particularly for those from marginalized groups.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์š”.
14:12
This vast and vibrant resource
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€
14:15
for kids who have something to say
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14:18
is especially meaningful to me
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋„ ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
when I contrast it with the isolation I encountered
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋˜ ์†Œ์™ธ๊ฐ์„
14:25
growing up Latina in the US.
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๋Œ์ด์ผœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
14:29
And sometimes
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๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
I wonder what would have been different in my own life,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
14:35
and maybe in many other peopleโ€™s lives,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„
14:38
if only we could have access to this supportive community
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์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์„๊นŒ์š”.
14:43
of millions of young people
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋˜๋ž˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ
14:45
and their distributing mentoring
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๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์ด
14:48
as kids.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
14:50
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
(Applause and cheers)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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