Daniel Suarez: The kill decision shouldn't belong to a robot

76,013 views ใƒป 2013-06-13

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeong-Lan Kinser ๊ฒ€ํ† : Juhyeon Kim
00:12
I write fiction sci-fi thrillers,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์Šค๋ฆด๋Ÿฌ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
so if I say "killer robots,"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ '์‚ด์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
00:18
you'd probably think something like this.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์‹ค ํ…Œ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:20
But I'm actually not here to talk about fiction.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณต์ƒ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
I'm here to talk about very real killer robots,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ์‹ค์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ด์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
autonomous combat drones.
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์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ์ „ํˆฌ์šฉ ๋“œ๋ก  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
Now, I'm not referring to Predator and Reaper drones,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”
00:32
which have a human making targeting decisions.
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ํ”„๋ ˆ๋ฐํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌํผ ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
I'm talking about fully autonomous robotic weapons
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž์œจ์ ์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
that make lethal decisions about human beings
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„
00:41
all on their own.
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์ง์ ‘ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
There's actually a technical term for this: lethal autonomy.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์šฉ์–ด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์น˜๋ช…์  ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
Now, lethally autonomous killer robots
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์น˜๋ช…์  ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ด์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์—๋Š”
00:50
would take many forms -- flying, driving,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
00:54
or just lying in wait.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
And actually, they're very quickly becoming a reality.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
These are two automatic sniper stations
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž๋™ ์ €๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
currently deployed in the DMZ between North and South Korea.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚จํ•œ๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ DMZ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Both of these machines are capable of automatically
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:08
identifying a human target and firing on it,
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๋ฐœํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
the one on the left at a distance of over a kilometer.
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์™ผ์ชฝ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ •๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1km๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Now, in both cases, there's still a human in the loop
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งจ ์œ„์—์„œ
01:20
to make that lethal firing decision,
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์‚ด์ƒ ๋ฐœํฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:22
but it's not a technological requirement. It's a choice.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์ˆ˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ์ € ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด์ฃ .
01:27
And it's that choice that I want to focus on,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ ์„ ํƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
because as we migrate lethal decision-making
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์ƒ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:33
from humans to software,
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์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:36
we risk not only taking the humanity out of war,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:40
but also changing our social landscape entirely,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ „์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ
01:43
far from the battlefield.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
That's because the way humans resolve conflict
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ํ’€์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
01:50
shapes our social landscape.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And this has always been the case, throughout history.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
For example, these were state-of-the-art weapons systems
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๊ธฐ 1400๋…„ ์ฆˆ์Œ์˜
01:57
in 1400 A.D.
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์ตœ์‹  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Now they were both very expensive to build and maintain,
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๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:02
but with these you could dominate the populace,
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
and the distribution of political power in feudal society reflected that.
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๋ด‰๊ฑด์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ •์น˜์  ํž˜์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
Power was focused at the very top.
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์€ ์ตœ์ƒ๋ฅ˜์ธต์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
And what changed? Technological innovation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
Gunpowder, cannon.
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ํ™”์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
And pretty soon, armor and castles were obsolete,
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๊ธˆ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ‘์˜ท๊ณผ ์„ฑ์€ ์“ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ฃ .
02:21
and it mattered less who you brought to the battlefield
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์Ÿํ„ฐ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜ค๋Š”์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค
02:24
versus how many people you brought to the battlefield.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜ค๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์กŒ์ฃ .
02:28
And as armies grew in size, the nation-state arose
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ
02:31
as a political and logistical requirement of defense.
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์ •์น˜์ , ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐฉ์–ด์š”๊ฑด์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
And as leaders had to rely on more of their populace,
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์ง€๋ฐฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
02:37
they began to share power.
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ํž˜์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:39
Representative government began to form.
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๋Œ€์˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
So again, the tools we use to resolve conflict
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
02:45
shape our social landscape.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Autonomous robotic weapons are such a tool,
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๋ฌด์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
except that, by requiring very few people to go to war,
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๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋งค์šฐ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ ์ „์Ÿ์— ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
02:58
they risk re-centralizing power into very few hands,
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:02
possibly reversing a five-century trend toward democracy.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์˜จ 500๋…„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋’ค์ง‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Now, I think, knowing this,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:11
we can take decisive steps to preserve our democratic institutions,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•œ ์กฐ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:15
to do what humans do best, which is adapt.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ธ ์ ์‘์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
But time is a factor.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
Seventy nations are developing remotely-piloted
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70๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์›๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ข… ์ „ํˆฌ์šฉ ๋“œ๋ก ์„
03:24
combat drones of their own,
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์ž์ฒด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:26
and as you'll see, remotely-piloted combat drones
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋“ฏ ์›๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ข… ์ „ํˆฌ์šฉ ๋“œ๋ก ์€
03:29
are the precursors to autonomous robotic weapons.
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๋ฌด์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
That's because once you've deployed remotely-piloted drones,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์›๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ข… ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
03:36
there are three powerful factors pushing decision-making
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์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์ด
03:39
away from humans and on to the weapon platform itself.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
The first of these is the deluge of video that drones produce.
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๊ทธ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์ธ์€ ๋“œ๋ก ์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋…นํ™” ์˜์ƒ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
For example, in 2004, the U.S. drone fleet produced
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, 2004๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฌด์ธํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š”
03:53
a grand total of 71 hours of video surveillance for analysis.
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71์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋…นํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
By 2011, this had gone up to 300,000 hours,
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2011๋…„์—” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 30๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
outstripping human ability to review it all,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ถ€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
04:06
but even that number is about to go up drastically.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ๋Œ€ํญ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ์ „๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
The Pentagon's Gorgon Stare and Argus programs
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๋ฏธ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ณค ์Šคํ…Œ์–ด(์˜์ƒ ๋…นํ™”), ์•„๋ฅด๊ณ ์Šค(๊ด‘์—ญ ๊ฐ์‹œ) ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€
04:12
will put up to 65 independently operated camera eyes
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์ตœ๋Œ€ 65๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ
04:15
on each drone platform,
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๊ฐ ๋“œ๋ก  ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
and this would vastly outstrip human ability to review it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
And that means visual intelligence software will need
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ง€๋Šฅ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€
04:23
to scan it for items of interest.
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๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ณจ๋ผ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
And that means very soon
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์ฆ‰ ๋“œ๋ก ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ
04:28
drones will tell humans what to look at,
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๋ญ˜ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:31
not the other way around.
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๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:33
But there's a second powerful incentive pushing
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์š”์ธ์€ ๋”๋”์šฑ
04:36
decision-making away from humans and onto machines,
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์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
and that's electromagnetic jamming,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์ž๊ธฐ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฐฉํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
severing the connection between the drone
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋“œ๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„
04:44
and its operator.
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๋Š์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Now we saw an example of this in 2011
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2011๋…„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
when an American RQ-170 Sentinel drone
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ RQ-170 ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋„ฌ ๋“œ๋ก ์ด
04:53
got a bit confused over Iran due to a GPS spoofing attack,
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GPS ์Šคํ‘ธํ•‘(์œ„์žฅ) ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด๋ž€์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜ผ๋™์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
but any remotely-piloted drone is susceptible to this type of attack,
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์›๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ข… ๋“œ๋ก ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
and that means drones
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๊ทธ ๋ง์ธ ์ฆ‰, ๋“œ๋ก ์€
05:04
will have to shoulder more decision-making.
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๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:08
They'll know their mission objective,
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๋“œ๋ก ์€ ์ž„๋ฌด์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
05:11
and they'll react to new circumstances without human guidance.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
They'll ignore external radio signals
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์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ 
05:18
and send very few of their own.
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์ž์ฒด์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Which brings us to, really, the third
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณง ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:23
and most powerful incentive pushing decision-making
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์ด๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์„
05:27
away from humans and onto weapons:
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๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
plausible deniability.
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ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๊ถŒ์ด์ฃ .
05:33
Now we live in a global economy.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ดŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
High-tech manufacturing is occurring on most continents.
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์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ œ์กฐ์—…์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—์„œ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
Cyber espionage is spiriting away advanced designs
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์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด๋Š” ์•ž์„  ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ๋นผ๋Œ๋ ค
05:43
to parts unknown,
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๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
and in that environment, it is very likely
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ผ์€
05:47
that a successful drone design will be knocked off in contract factories,
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ๋“œ๋ก  ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์œ„ํƒ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ํ„ธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
05:52
proliferate in the gray market.
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์•”์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
And in that situation, sifting through the wreckage
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ž์‚ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋“œ๋ก ์˜
05:57
of a suicide drone attack, it will be very difficult to say
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์ž”ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ธ์ง€
06:00
who sent that weapon.
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๋‹จ์–ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
This raises the very real possibility
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ต๋ช… ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ
06:07
of anonymous war.
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
This could tilt the geopolitical balance on its head,
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ํ•œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:12
make it very difficult for a nation to turn its firepower
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ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™”๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:16
against an attacker, and that could shift the balance
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด
06:19
in the 21st century away from defense and toward offense.
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๋ฐฉ์–ด์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
It could make military action a viable option
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๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ํ–‰๋™์ด ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:26
not just for small nations,
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์ด๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:28
but criminal organizations, private enterprise,
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์ง‘๋‹จ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…,
06:30
even powerful individuals.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
It could create a landscape of rival warlords
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์ด๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
06:36
undermining rule of law and civil society.
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๋ฒ•์น˜์™€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ›ผ์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Now if responsibility and transparency
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ณผ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด
06:43
are two of the cornerstones of representative government,
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๋Œ€์˜ ์ •์น˜์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์ถง๋Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:46
autonomous robotic weapons could undermine both.
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๋ฌด์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ›ผ์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Now you might be thinking that
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:52
citizens of high-tech nations
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์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด
06:54
would have the advantage in any robotic war,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋” ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
06:57
that citizens of those nations would be less vulnerable,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์€ ๋œ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
07:00
particularly against developing nations.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:05
But I think the truth is the exact opposite.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
I think citizens of high-tech societies
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด
07:10
are more vulnerable to robotic weapons,
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์— ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
and the reason can be summed up in one word: data.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ . ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ.
07:19
Data powers high-tech societies.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Cell phone geolocation, telecom metadata,
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ์œ„์น˜์ •๋ณด, ํ†ต์‹  ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ,
07:25
social media, email, text, financial transaction data,
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์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด, ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ, ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€, ๊ธˆ์œต ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ,
07:29
transportation data, it's a wealth of real-time data
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๊ตํ†ต ์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
07:32
on the movements and social interactions of people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
In short, we are more visible to machines
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
07:39
than any people in history,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹จ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
and this perfectly suits the targeting needs of autonomous weapons.
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๋ฌด์ธ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‘œ์  ์ง€์ •์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ผญ ๋“ค์–ด๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
What you're looking at here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ์€
07:49
is a link analysis map of a social group.
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ์ง€๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Lines indicate social connectedness between individuals.
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์„ ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
And these types of maps can be automatically generated
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ง€๋„๋Š” ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
based on the data trail modern people leave behind.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋†“์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”์ ์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
08:03
Now it's typically used to market goods and services
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํŠน์ • ์ธ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ
08:06
to targeted demographics, but it's a dual-use technology,
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ํŒŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ตฐ ๊ฒธ์šฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
because targeting is used in another context.
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'๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ ์ง€์ •'์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์“ฐ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:14
Notice that certain individuals are highlighted.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋œ ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:16
These are the hubs of social networks.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์…œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์ค‘์ถ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
These are organizers, opinion-makers, leaders,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์ง์ž, ์—ฌ๋ก  ํ˜•์„ฑ์ž, ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ
08:23
and these people also can be automatically identified
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ํŒจํ„ด์— ์˜ํ•ด
08:26
from their communication patterns.
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์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ณ„๋˜์ฃ .
08:28
Now, if you're a marketer, you might then target them
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์„œ
08:30
with product samples, try to spread your brand
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์ œํ’ˆ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
08:33
through their social group.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
08:36
But if you're a repressive government
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ต์••์  ์ •๋ถ€์ด๊ณ 
08:38
searching for political enemies, you might instead remove them,
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์ •์ ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ
08:42
eliminate them, disrupt their social group,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:45
and those who remain behind lose social cohesion
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ๋‚จ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:48
and organization.
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์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•ฉ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
Now in a world of cheap, proliferating robotic weapons,
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„ 
08:54
borders would offer very little protection
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์ดˆ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ
08:57
to critics of distant governments
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๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
08:59
or trans-national criminal organizations.
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
Popular movements agitating for change
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ค‘ ์šด๋™์€
09:06
could be detected early and their leaders eliminated
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์ผ์ฐŒ๊ฐ์น˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์€
09:10
before their ideas achieve critical mass.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์ž„๊ณ„์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋  ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
09:13
And ideas achieving critical mass
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์ž„๊ณ„์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
09:15
is what political activism in popular government is all about.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ ์ •์น˜์—์„œ ์ •์น˜ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
Anonymous lethal weapons could make lethal action
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์ต๋ช…์˜ ์น˜๋ช…์  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€
09:23
an easy choice for all sorts of competing interests.
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์น˜๋ช…์  ํ–‰๋™์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
And this would put a chill on free speech
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ธ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋‚˜
09:31
and popular political action, the very heart of democracy.
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๋ฏผ์ค‘์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์šด๋™์„ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
And this is why we need an international treaty
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:39
on robotic weapons, and in particular a global ban
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๊ตญ์ œ ์กฐ์•ฝ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:42
on the development and deployment of killer robots.
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์‚ด์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
Now we already have international treaties
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:50
on nuclear and biological weapons, and, while imperfect,
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๊ตญ์ œ์กฐ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
09:53
these have largely worked.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
But robotic weapons might be every bit as dangerous,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ทธ์— ๋ชป์ง€์•Š๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
because they will almost certainly be used,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:02
and they would also be corrosive to our democratic institutions.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ข€๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:07
Now in November 2012 the U.S. Department of Defense
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2012๋…„ 11์›”, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€๋Š”
10:11
issued a directive requiring
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์ง€์‹œ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ
10:13
a human being be present in all lethal decisions.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ด์ƒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
This temporarily effectively banned autonomous weapons in the U.S. military,
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ฌด์ธ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ง‰์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
10:23
but that directive needs to be made permanent.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜๊ตฌํ™”๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
And it could set the stage for global action.
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์ด๋กœ์จ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
Because we need an international legal framework
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€
10:34
for robotic weapons.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:37
And we need it now, before there's a devastating attack
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ด๋‚˜
10:40
or a terrorist incident that causes nations of the world
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์Šต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
10:43
to rush to adopt these weapons
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
10:45
before thinking through the consequences.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
Autonomous robotic weapons concentrate too much power
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๋ฌด์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฐ ํž˜์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
10:51
in too few hands, and they would imperil democracy itself.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
Now, don't get me wrong, I think there are tons
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์˜คํ•ดํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š”
11:00
of great uses for unarmed civilian drones:
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๋น„๋ฌด์žฅ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋“œ๋ก ์˜ ์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
environmental monitoring, search and rescue, logistics.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ์‹œ, ์ˆ˜์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ง€์› ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
11:07
If we have an international treaty on robotic weapons,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์กฐ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:10
how do we gain the benefits of autonomous drones
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ธ ๋“œ๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„
11:13
and vehicles while still protecting ourselves
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์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„
11:16
against illegal robotic weapons?
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
11:20
I think the secret will be transparency.
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๊ทธ ๋น„๋ฐ€์€ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
No robot should have an expectation of privacy
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์–ด๋–ค ๋กœ๋ด‡๋„ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ
11:28
in a public place.
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๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:36
Each robot and drone should have
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ๋“œ๋ก ์€
11:38
a cryptographically signed I.D. burned in at the factory
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๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๊ธด ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋œ ์•„์ด๋””๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
that can be used to track its movement through public spaces.
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๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:44
We have license plates on cars, tail numbers on aircraft.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๋ฒˆํ˜ธํŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ ์œ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
11:47
This is no different.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
And every citizen should be able to download an app
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ์•ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์—ฌ
11:51
that shows the population of drones and autonomous vehicles
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์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋“œ๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜
11:54
moving through public spaces around them,
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์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
both right now and historically.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:00
And civic leaders should deploy sensors and civic drones
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์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ง€๋„์ž๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
12:03
to detect rogue drones,
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์•…๋‹น ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ํƒ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:05
and instead of sending killer drones of their own up to shoot them down,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์„œ ์ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ํ‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
12:09
they should notify humans to their presence.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
And in certain very high-security areas,
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๋ณด์•ˆ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ํŠน์ •๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”
12:14
perhaps civic drones would snare them
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌด์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์žก์•„์„œ
12:16
and drag them off to a bomb disposal facility.
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ํญํƒ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณต์žฅ์— ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:19
But notice, this is more an immune system
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์ฃผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹จ
12:22
than a weapons system.
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
It would allow us to avail ourselves of the use
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋“œ๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
12:26
of autonomous vehicles and drones
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—
12:28
while still preserving our open, civil society.
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์—ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
12:32
We must ban the deployment and development
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ด์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ
12:35
of killer robots.
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๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
Let's not succumb to the temptation to automate war.
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์ž๋™ํ™” ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์œ ํ˜น์— ๊ตด๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง™์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:42
Autocratic governments and criminal organizations
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๋…์žฌ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์กฐ์ง์€
12:45
undoubtedly will, but let's not join them.
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ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ…Œ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง™์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:48
Autonomous robotic weapons
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๋ฌด์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋Š”
12:50
would concentrate too much power
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๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์†์—
12:52
in too few unseen hands,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ํž˜์„ ์ฅ์–ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
and that would be corrosive to representative government.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์‹์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
Let's make sure, for democracies at least,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ,
13:00
killer robots remain fiction.
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์‚ด์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๊ณต์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:09
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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