How we can curb climate change by spending two percent more on everything | Jens Burchardt

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2021-04-22 ใƒป TED


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How we can curb climate change by spending two percent more on everything | Jens Burchardt

38,442 views ใƒป 2021-04-22

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber:
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jaikyoung Oh ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ํƒ„ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 50๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋…์ผ์˜ ๋ฃจ๋ฅด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์ฑ„๊ตด๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
์„ํƒ„ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฝค ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์š”.
00:13
This is a lump of coal.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
It was mined a while ago in the Ruhr region in Germany,
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์— ์“ฐ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—๋„ ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
about 50 miles from where I grew up.
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00:20
As coal goes, it's actually quite high-end.
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00:22
It's very dry, it has a high share of carbon in it.
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์™œ ์ด ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:25
Both those things mean you can't only burn it
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์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ์ฏค์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ˆ˜๊ธํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
to produce power and heat,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํฐ ์‹ธ์›€์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚ด๋”›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:29
but you can use it to make steel.
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00:31
Now why am I telling you this?
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ 1~2%๋ฅผ ๋” ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
00:33
By the end of this talk,
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00:35
I want to have convinced you that we can make a huge step forward
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์„ํƒ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ž์ทจ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
in the great fight against climate change
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00:40
by just spending one to two percent more on things that we buy.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋‹จ
์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ฃ .
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ œ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
And the path of this coal is going to help me with it.
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์ด ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์šฉ๊ด‘๋กœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์›์†Œ์™€ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ญ‰์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
But ...
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00:50
back to steel.
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00:51
What you have to know about steelmaking is that it's a humblingly brutal process.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ญ‰์ณ ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„
00:55
These huge furnaces that tear apart and recombine elements and materials
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์„ญ์”จ 2000๋„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๋–ผ์—ˆ๋‹ค ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:00
that have literally been around for millions of years,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
๊ธฐํ›„์—๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
at temperatures of up to more than 2,000 degrees Celsius.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ 5% ์ด์ƒ์€ ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ œ์กฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
It's a triumph of industrialization,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ์ค‘์—์„œ
01:11
but it's terrible for the climate.
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01:13
More than five percent of all man-made emissions
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํŠนํžˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
์™œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:16
currently come from making steel.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
And of all the many challenges we face to save the climate,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ธ ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐฐ์ธจ๋œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š”
01:21
this one's particularly hard to solve.
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01:23
Now, why is that?
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ํƒ„์†Œ ํฌ์ง‘ ๋ฐ ์ €์žฅ์ด ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
The first reason is technical.
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๋˜๋Š” ์„ํƒ„ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:27
There are technologies to produce low-carbon steel.
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01:29
We can, for example, capture the CO2
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01:31
and pump it back under the earth --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒย ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๋ฒ” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
that's called carbon capture and storage.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Or we can move to entirely new processes
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01:37
that, for example, run on low-carbon hydrogen instead of coal.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์ฃ .
01:40
But all of these are currently only at a piloting stage.
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์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
์ฒ ๊ฐ• ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
01:43
The second reason is economical.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ œ์กฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:46
This is likely going to be expensive.
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01:48
And to illustrate that,
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋น„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
let's compare the steel challenge to that of companies in other sectors.
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์šด๋ฐ˜ ์„ค๋น„, ๋กœ๋ด‡, ์ „๋™ ๊ณต๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:54
If you're in, say, manufacturing,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
most of your emissions come from the power you consume
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋„ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์‹ธ์กŒ์ฃ .
01:59
for things like conveyor belts, robots, drives and so on.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ 1ํ†ค๋‹น 10์œ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
You can eliminate them by switching to renewables,
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๋˜๋Š” ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ณ ์—ด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์šด์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
which isn't that expensive anymore.
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02:08
In most cases, this wonโ€™t cost you more than 10 euros per ton of CO2,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์€ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ํƒœ์šฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์ฃ .
02:12
probably a lot less.
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02:13
Other companies have more energy-intensive processes
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์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ๋” ๋น„์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
that require a lot of heat to operate.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:18
They generate more emissions by burning fossil fuels directly,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์ด 5๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CO2 1ํ†ค ๋‹น 40-50 ์œ ๋กœ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
and that's more expensive to get rid of.
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02:24
Now let's assume, across all of their processes,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—†์• ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:27
it costs them, on average, five times as much,
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์žฅ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:29
somewhere between 40 and 50 euros per ton of CO2.
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02:33
Now if a steel company wants to move to zero emissions,
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๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ CO2๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
it either needs to invest significantly in upgrading all of its current plants
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ซ๊ณ 
์ €ํƒ„์†Œ์ธ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ง€์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:42
and into infrastructure that transports CO2
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02:44
from its plants to a storage site,
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์‚ฐ์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ์ด 10๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
or it needs to close all its plants and build entirely new ones
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์–ด๋ฆผ์žก์•„ CO2 1ํ†ค ๋‹น 100 ์œ ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
that, for example, run on low-carbon hydrogen.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ฒ ๊ฐ• 1ํ†ค์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด 50% ์ •๋„ ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:53
According to industry studies, this can cost them 10 times as much,
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๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
02:57
in the ballpark of 100 euros per ton of CO2,
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์ฒ ๊ฐ• ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ’ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
and the costs for a ton of steel could increase by as much as 50 percent.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ต์œจ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ
03:05
Now, to make matters even worse,
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CO2๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€๋ฉด
03:06
our steel company operates in the commodity business;
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CO2 1ํ†ค๋‹น ์ด์ต์€ ์ •๋ง ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
03:09
it almost exclusively competes on price.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:12
And it has shitty margins already:
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03:14
that means saving CO2 is expensive,
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์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” โ€™๊ฐ์ถ•์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฐโ€™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
but its profit per ton of CO2 is very low,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋‚˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ฐ™์ด
03:19
and this puts it in the uncomfortable company
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๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณต์ •์„ ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:21
of only a few other sectors,
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03:23
the so-called hard-to-abate sectors club,
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ํ•ญ๊ณต์ด๋‚˜ ์šด์†ก ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
03:25
all the industries like cement and chemicals,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•ด์„œ
03:27
that have equally messy industrial processes
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ณ  ํฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
and require very high temperatures to operate,
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๊ฐ์ถ•์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฐ์€
03:32
or aviation and shipping,
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๊ตญ์ œ์  ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ–‰๋™์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
that need to invest a lot of energy
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ถฉ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด์ฃ .
03:36
to move very large and heavy objects over longer distances.
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03:39
And hard-to-abate sectors are one of the larger dilemmas
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ–‰๋™์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
โ€œ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ํ•ด๋กญ๊ณ  ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
of international climate action,
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03:44
because discussions around decarbonization usually go roughly like this:
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Well, the activist says,
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โ€œ์ €ํฌ๋„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด๋„
03:50
"Your emissions are harming the planet and threatening humanity.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋งŒ ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
You need to change immediately."
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03:55
And the company answers,
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์ด๋ž˜์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„์— ๋„์›€์ด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
"I know. But if I invest in low-carbon technologies,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์„  ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ์šด๋™์žฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
์–‘์ธก ๋‹ค ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
and the next guy doesn't,
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04:01
we'll be more expensive and go out of business.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:03
It won't help the climate.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ์šด๋™์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—”
04:05
So first, I need a level playing field."
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋‹จ์ผํ™”์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
04:08
Both understandable positions,
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04:10
but bringing down emissions is kind of urgent,
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์ œ ํ‰์ƒ์—๋Š” ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
and a global level playing field,
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์ด ์ ์ด ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ฐฉ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
04:14
in which, say,
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04:15
all countries agree on one mutual price for carbon emissions,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:19
probably won't materialize anymore in my lifetime.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:22
So this is where the discussions usually reach a stalemate,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•ฝ์†ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํฐ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋“ค์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
and where my talk would therefore end.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ•œ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ํƒ„์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋” ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:28
But would it end here, I wouldnโ€™t have been invited to hold it,
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04:31
and I already promised you
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์•„๊นŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์— ์„ํƒ„์ด ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:32
that saving the planet does not have to break the bank.
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04:35
So let's maybe follow the path of our lump of coal
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์ฒ ๊ฐ•์€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
just a little further.
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04:40
The last time we left it, it had helped make steel,
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๋ณ„๋ณ„ ๊ณณ์— ๋‹ค ์“ฐ์ด์ฃ .
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์šฉํ’ˆ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
04:43
which, climate impact notwithstanding,
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๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„์š”.
04:45
is one of the key building blocks of our economies.
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์ฒ ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ’๋ ฅ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ €๊ฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:49
It's in many, many things,
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04:50
from huge structures to everyday household items
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์—๋„ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
like refrigerators or washing machines.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
We use it to build wind turbines,
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04:57
which we need to save emissions in the power sector,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์—์„œ
05:00
and we use it to build our cars,
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์ฒ ๊ฐ•์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ์ค‘ํ˜• ์„ธ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—”
05:03
which is the part of the journey I'd like us to follow next.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์•ฝ 30,000 ์œ ๋กœ ์ •๋„์ด๊ณ 
05:06
Now, in today's typical car,
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์•ฝ 1ํ†ค์˜ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
steel can be found in many, many different parts.
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05:10
You can assume that an average European midsized sedan
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1ํ†ค์˜ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š” 2ํ†ค์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
with a 30,000 euro price tag
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05:16
contains about one ton of it.
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์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•ฝ 2ํ†ค์ฏค ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์ฃ .
05:19
To produce one ton of steel, in Europe,
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05:21
generates a bit less than two tons of carbon emissions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ด์ „์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€๋กœ
์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ƒ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ์ด 50%๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
In other countries, like China, it's a bit more, so let's round to two.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋“ฏ์ด
05:29
Now we've learned earlier
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
that moving to low-carbon steel can increase its costs
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ์„ ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ“๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
by as much as 50 percent.
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05:37
If history tells us anything,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ด 50% ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‘์ฃ .
05:39
then these costs will likely decrease over the long run,
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05:41
if humans truly put their mind, their muscle, their money behind it.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์ค‘ํ˜• ์„ธ๋‹จ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ทธ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด...
05:46
But, for the sake of this argument, let's stick to these costs,
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”...
200์œ ๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
plus 50 percent.
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05:52
In the case of our European midsize sedan, this translates into ...
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์ •๋ง ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ตœ์ข… ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ 1%๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด์ฃ .
05:56
wait for it ...
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:58
200 euros.
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์ฐจ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ 30,000์œ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋ถˆ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:00
Wait, that can't be right.
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06:02
That's not even a percent of the final sales value.
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์šฐ์„ , ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:05
Well, let's do the math.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์„  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ 20%๋Š”
06:07
If you spend 30,000 euros for a car, what are you actually paying for?
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ํ™๋ณด, ํŒ๋งค ์กฐ์ง, ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Well, first of all, the car company needs to make money.
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์ฐจ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. ๋‹ค์Œ 20%๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์“ฐ์ด์ฃ .
06:14
So the first 20 percent are for its margin, for marketing,
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๊ทธ์ „์— ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ด ๋จผ์ €์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— 40%๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
the whole sales organization, overhead and so on.
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์ „์ฒด ๊ณต์ •์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด A์—์„œ B๋กœ ์ด๋™๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:20
The car needs to be assembled --
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06:22
another 20 percent goes to production.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์†ก๋น„๋„ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
First, the parts of the car have to be assembled --
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ 15% ๋งŒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ์ž์žฌ๋น„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
40 percent go to suppliers.
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06:28
In this whole process,
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06:29
many things need to be moved from A to B and back,
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๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„, ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ, ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ
06:31
so more goes to transportation.
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06:33
Now only 15 percent of the price of the car
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2%๋งŒ์ด ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ž์žฌ๋น„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๋ง์ธ์ฆ‰, ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์˜ 90%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ž์žฌ๊ฐ€
06:36
is actually for the materials in it.
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06:38
Things like the battery, aluminum, plastics, glass,
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋”œ๋Ÿฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ
06:42
and two percent for the steel.
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06:44
This means that materials
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์ „์ฒด ๋น„์šฉ์˜ 15%๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
that make up 90 percent of a car's emission footprint
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
06:49
by the time that I can buy it in the dealership
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์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ž์žฌ๋น„๋กœ 50%๋ฅผ ๋” ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
06:52
make up only 15 percent of its costs.
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๊ทธ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
And it means that even [though] the car company has to pay 50 percent more
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:00
for the steel in the car,
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•๋งŒ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
07:01
this only translates into a very small markup
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๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ง๋„ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
on my final sales price.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
Now you would rightly argue that steel isn't the only thing
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 30,000์œ ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ
07:10
creating emissions in the car.
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07:11
And that's, of course, correct.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์†Œ์žฌ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:13
So we did the math for other commodities and processes as well.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 30,500์œ ๋กœ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
And it turns out building a 30,000 euro car
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์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 500์œ ๋กœ์ด๊ณ , 2%๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
out of exclusively carbon-neutral materials
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07:24
would only increase its price to 30,500 euros,
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๋™์ข…์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰์—์„œ ํ™ฉํ˜ผ ๋น› ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด
07:28
only 500 euros extra.
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700์œ ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
It's less than two percent more.
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๋” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ฆผ์—๋Š” 1,000์œ ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ .
๊ฐ€์ฃฝ ์‹œํŠธ์—๋Š” 2,000์œ ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
Buying that same car in sunset red instead of black
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๊ฐ์ด ์˜ค์‹œ์ง€์š”.
07:36
would cost me 700 euros extra.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:38
Fancier rims -- 1,000 euros extra.
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07:41
Leather seats -- 2,000 euros extra.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
You get the picture.
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07:44
So let's imagine:
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โ€œ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ํ•ด๋กญ๊ณ  ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
that same discussion we had earlier, but with a car producer in the middle,
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
where the activist says,
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โ€œ์ €ํฌ๋„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
"Your emissions are harming the planet and threatening humanity.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
You need to change immediately."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ๋งŒ 2% ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:57
And now a car producer answers,
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07:59
"I know.
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”...
08:00
But if I invest in low-carbon materials, and the next guy doesn't,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
08:04
my car will be two percent more expensive.
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์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„๋“ค!
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
Wait ...
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08:08
My customers might actually pay that.
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
08:11
And I can market all my cars as carbon-neutral.
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08:13
Steel producer,
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข€ ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
โ€œ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€์ฃ ?โ€
08:15
your steel is creating too many emissions in my car.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
You have to change immediately."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
08:19
"I can make low-carbon steel for you,
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08:21
but it will be more expensive."
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
"How much more expensive?"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ
08:24
And now, we at least have a dialog.
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08:27
Almost everything about the way we currently live
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์ฃ .
08:29
currently contributes to global warming.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํญ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:32
Most of the things we buy come with a heavy emissions backpack
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์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ๋•Œ 1์—์„œ 2%๋งŒ ๋” ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
that few of us are really aware of.
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08:37
What I want you to understand
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
is that we can eliminate a lot of these emissions
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08:41
by just spending one to two percent more on things that we buy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
3์œ ๋กœ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
2๋…„ ์•ฝ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์— 13์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
We've learned what it would cost to produce a carbon-neutral car.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€๋Š”์š”? 60์—์„œ 70์„ผํŠธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
So how about a carbon-neutral smartphone?
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08:53
Three euros extra.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„
08:54
That's 13 cents a month on a two-year plan.
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08:57
A carbon-neutral pair of jeans? 60 to 70 cents extra.
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์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ์€ 2์—์„œ 3% ์ •๋„์ด๋ฉฐ
์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€์ฃ .
09:01
Even building a house out of carbon-neutral materials
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6๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์ด
์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
09:05
would only increase its costs by two to three percent,
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09:08
and even less in good locations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
There are six supply chains
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๊ทธ 6๊ฐœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์€ ์‹ํ’ˆ, ๊ฑด์„ค, ํŒจ์…˜,
09:12
that are responsible for almost half of all global emissions
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์†Œ๋น„์žฌ, ์ „์ž ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ฃ .
09:16
that we can impact directly through our purchasing decisions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๋ณด์…จ๋“ฏ์ด
09:19
Those are things like food, construction, fashion,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž์žฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
consumer goods, electronics and, of course, automotive.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ „์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
And just like in the car example,
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09:28
materials make up only a fraction of the final sales price in most of them.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด
ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์„ ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
09:32
Addressing these emissions could be a huge step forward
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๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ง์ ‘ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค ๋‚˜์„ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
for international climate action.
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09:37
It would enable customer-facing companies
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ๋„
09:40
that can benefit from marketing carbon-neutral products
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๊ทธ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
to address a multiple of their direct emissions footprints.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
And many of these emissions are in sectors like steel,
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์ œ ์ปจ๋ฒ„์Šค ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:49
that can shoulder the costs on their own.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด 2%๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
Some are in countries that donโ€™t yet regulate emissions aggressively enough.
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์ค‘๊ตญ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์‹œ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ 2%๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ž€ ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ
09:56
Take the Chucks Iโ€™m wearing now.
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09:58
Me being willing to spend two percent more on them
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์—ฌํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
could have reduced the production emissions in China.
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์ด ์ •๋„ ๋ˆ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚˜๋น ์งˆ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:03
Now I'm well aware that not everyone can easily afford
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10:05
to spend these two percent extra,
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10:07
but we have to be aware that the economic consequences,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ 0์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ 0์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ๋ถ„๋‹ด์€
10:11
let alone the human ones,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
of not spending this money,
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10:14
would be far, far worse.
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10:16
We have to move to net zero.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
10:19
Fairly distributing the costs of this
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๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
is one of the many challenges
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10:22
that we as a society will need to deal with.
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๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
I'm also not saying that this will be easy.
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10:28
Understanding supply-chain emissions is unbelievably cumbersome.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํ™๋ณดํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ
10:33
Engaging with suppliers to address them takes a lot of effort.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 2~3% ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:36
What we would argue is that, for many companies,
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ํ—ค๋ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
the chance to market a truly carbon-neutral product
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ์ ์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
10:43
at just a one-to-two percent higher price
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‘ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
should be well worth this effort.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ธ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— 2% ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:48
Just imagine:
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10:50
you're standing in a store,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘์— ์–ด๋Š ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:51
with two brands of the same product in front of you.
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10:54
One is carbon-neutral -- it costs two percent more.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ ๋‘ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:59
Which of these two products would you rather buy?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋Š ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋ผ๋ฉด
11:03
Imagine you had the chance
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๋‘ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ˆ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:04
to work for either one of these two companies.
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11:07
Who would you rather work for?
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๋‘ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
11:10
Imagine you were an investor.
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11:12
On which of these two companies would you bet your money?
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ’€์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Which of these two do you think will be more successful in the long run?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
To solve the climate crisis, there's still a lot we need to figure out.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
There are many challenges we need to overcome.
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11:27
But economics don't have to be one of them.
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11:30
Thank you.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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