Can a Simple Brick Be the Next Great Battery? | John O'Donnell | TED

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2024-01-26 ใƒป TED


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Can a Simple Brick Be the Next Great Battery? | John O'Donnell | TED

229,663 views ใƒป 2024-01-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jaikyoung Oh ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:08
I get a deep sense of hope when I look at this brick.
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์ด ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํฐ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:13
It's going to spend the next 50 years of its life
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ธ 50๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์‚ฐํ™” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
00:15
cutting CO2,
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00:17
and bricks like it are going to cut 15 percent of world CO2.
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์ด๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ CO2์˜ 15%๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
00:24
So let's talk about that,
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00:25
but first, we have to talk about fire.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ์„  ๋ถˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Fire warms us, heats our homes, cooks our food.
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๋ถˆ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง‘์„ ๋ฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ์Œ์‹์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
We also use fire to make almost everything.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ๋ถˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Industrial production, making stuff,
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์‚ฐ์—… ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์€
00:40
uses more fossil fuel than any other part of the world economy.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
We burn coal, oil and gas
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ํƒ„, ์„์œ , ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒœ์›Œ
00:47
to make steel, calcined cement,
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๊ฐ•์ฒ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
00:50
cook baby food, make glass, make fabric,
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์ด์œ ์‹์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ง๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋“ฑ
00:53
everything.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
We don't notice it in our daily lives,
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์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:56
but industrial energy use is the largest part of the total world economy,
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์‚ฐ์—… ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์ „์ฒด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:02
and industrial heat is a quarter of world fossil-fuel use
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์‚ฐ์—…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ด์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—
์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ 1/4์ด ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์—ญ์‹œ 1/4์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
and world carbon emissions.
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01:09
Let me say that again --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
01:10
industrial heat is a quarter of world carbon pollution.
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์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ด์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํƒ„์†Œ ์˜ค์—ผ์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 1์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
We need the stuff we make.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€ ํƒˆ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
We need to decarbonize our industry, not deindustrialize.
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01:21
How?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
01:22
If we had a new kind of fire, we could decarbonize today
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‹น์žฅ ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
01:27
and avoid the time and costs
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์—ด๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”
01:30
associated with replacing our factories that run on heat.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
If we had clean heat ...
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์—ด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ธ ์žฌํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ๋„
01:38
we could have the stuff that we use
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01:41
and we could have a giant drop in world emissions.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋Œ€ํญ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:47
But for decades,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ง‘ํ•ด์„œ
01:49
we've dreamed of burning hydrogen or capturing carbon to get clean heat,
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์—ด์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:54
but costs and challenges continue to delay their deployment.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฏธํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋„์ž…์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
The good news is today, there is a faster, cheaper way of doing it --
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์ด์ œ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
electrification.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
Analysts now say that electrified industrial heat
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”๋œ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์—ด์ด
02:10
is the next trillion-dollar market.
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์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
I agree, they're right,
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์ €๋„ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋งž์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
because the ongoing cost-dropping in wind and solar --
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:20
power costs now are dropping
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์ „๊ธฐ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:22
to the point that wind and solar cost less than the fuels our factories burn.
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๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ €๋ ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
So we have the economic conditions to drive to scale.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์—ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
We also have the capacity to build at scale.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Today, we have everything we need to build wind and solar at scale
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ’๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์„ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด
02:43
to repower industrial heat.
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์‚ฐ์—…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ด์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Yes, it's terawatts,
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๋„ค, ํ…Œ๋ผ์™€ํŠธ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
02:48
it's five times more wind and solar than is in the world today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ’๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜์ง€์š”.
02:52
But there is a solution.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
We have everything we need, except continuity.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€์†์„ฑ๋งŒ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
02:59
Right? The wind blows and the sun shines only some of the time.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ณ  ํ–‡๋ณ•์ด ๋น„์น˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
03:02
Heavy industry needs heat all the time.
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์ค‘๊ณต์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
So we need to store energy some of the time
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ
03:10
so we can have clean heat all the time.
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์ฒญ์ •ํ•œ ์—ด์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
How?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:15
Most ways of storing electricity are too expensive or inefficient
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์‹ธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
to use for industrial heat.
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03:23
But what if we just stored heat?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์—ด ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
03:27
Storing electricity as heat can be simple and really low-cost.
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ด๋กœ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Teams around the world are now trying to build
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํŒ€๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์—ด์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
industrial heat batteries that store energy this way,
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03:39
using new materials, like liquid salts, liquid metals and solid carbon.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ์•ก์ƒ ์—ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์•ก์ƒ ๊ธˆ์†๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฒด ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
03:44
And some of these are going to work.
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์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
They'll take time, time to learn if they're safe,
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์ด์—๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ง€, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:49
time to learn how long they last,
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03:52
time to learn how to make a lot of something new.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:56
My colleagues at Rondo found a way to save time,
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๋ก ๋„์™€ ๊ทธ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ 
03:59
to go faster,
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
by using old materials that the world already makes in volume.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์‹ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
What were they?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์˜€์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:08
Here's a hint -- one of them was brick.
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ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:10
The other was iron wire.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒ ์„ ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:13
Why brick?
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์™œ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:15
200 years ago, the steel industry introduced a coal-saving technology.
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200๋…„ ์ „, ์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์„ํƒ„ ์ ˆ์•ฝ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋„์˜ ์—ด์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์—ดํ’ ๋‚œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
They started building blast stoves that store heat at thousands of degrees
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04:27
in thousands of tons of brick.
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ํ†ค์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:29
Brick is basically made from dirt,
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™์€ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:31
and dirt is available at scale.
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04:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:35
When it's red-hot,
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ์ด ๋นจ๊ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด
04:37
a brick stores as much energy as a lithium-ion battery, per pound,
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ์€ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋‹น ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ์ด์˜จ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
costs ten times less, lasts ten times longer.
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๋น„์šฉ์€ 10๋ถ„์˜ 1์ด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ 10๋ฐฐ ๋” ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Half a million tons of brick
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ 50๋งŒ ํ†ค์ด
04:49
are storing heat at steel mills around the world, right now.
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์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ์—์„œ ์—ด์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Iron wire?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฒ ์„ ์€์š”?
04:54
A hundred years ago, a new alloy for heating elements,
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100๋…„ ์ „, ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์šฉ๊ด‘๋กœ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
04:59
from toasters to industrial furnaces,
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๋ฐœ์—ด์ฒ˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์ด
๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
was invented.
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05:03
It is made only of iron with a little chromium and aluminum.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๋กฌ๊ณผ ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ฒ ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
Today, that heating element is on your kitchen counter
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ์—ด์ฒด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋Œ€์™€
05:09
and in industrial furnaces and kilns around the world.
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์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์šฉ๊ด‘๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋งˆ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
Combining brick and wire could be really cost-effective.
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ๊ณผ ์ฒ ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋น„์šฉ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
We would know how to make a lot of it right away,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:20
but there are some challenges.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
If you overheat a brick on one side, if you don't heat it evenly,
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ์ด ๊ท ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์—ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ•œ์ชฝ๋งŒ ๊ณผ์—ด๋˜๋ฉด ๊นจ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
it can crack.
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05:27
If you overheat just one spot on a wire, the wire may fail.
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์ฒ ์„ ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ๊ณผ์—ด๋˜๋ฉด ์ฒ ์„ ์ด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
We've finally found the way to do it.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
The way to combine these
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์ด ๋‘˜์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
05:38
was to heat brick the way your toaster heats bread,
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ํ† ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋นต์„ ๋ฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‚˜
05:41
the way the sun heats the Earth with radiant heat.
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ํƒœ์–‘์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์‚ฌ์—ด๋กœ ๋ฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
It only took us 74 design revisions to find the solution,
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ • 74๋ฒˆ๊ณผ
05:51
and hundreds of simulations.
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๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
But the key insight -- heating brick with radiation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์€ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
We built a 3D checkerboard of brick and open chambers.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒฝ๋Œ๊ณผ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฒด ์ฒด์ŠคํŒ์„ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณต์‚ฌ์—ด์ด ์—ด์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:05
The chambers let radiant heat spread the heat evenly
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06:10
so electricity can heat thousands of tons of brick
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์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ํ†ค์„ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•ด
06:14
to thousands of degrees,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณจ๊ณ ๋ฃจ ๋ฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
safely and evenly.
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06:19
Once you've done that, now you have stored energy,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
06:24
and delivering clean heat is really simple:
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์—ด์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
push air into the brick stacks,
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ์ด ์Œ“์ธ ๊ณณ์— ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด
06:29
superheated air comes out that powers your kiln or your furnace,
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๊ณผ์—ด๋œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๊ฐ€๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์šฉ๊ด‘๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด์ผ๋Ÿฌ์— ์—ด์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:33
or heats a boiler to make steam for your chemical plant
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ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ณต์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์‹œ์„ค์— ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
or your food-production facility.
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06:38
Presto, you have a heat battery:
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ์—๋Š” ์—ด ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
an industrial boiler that runs all day, all night, all year
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ, ๋ฐค์ƒˆ, 1๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ๋ณด์ผ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ
ํ’๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ํƒœ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
on the wind or the sun.
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06:47
A cement kiln that burns no fuel,
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๊ฐ€๋งˆ,
06:49
a chocolate factory with zero scope 1 and scope 2 emissions.
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ํƒ„์†Œ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ๊ณต์žฅ,
06:54
Simple, low-cost and efficient.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
I brought this brick for show-and-tell.
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๊ฒฌ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์–ด์š”.
07:01
It's going to spend the next 50 years of its life
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์ด ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 50๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์€
07:05
in a heat battery,
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์—ด ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด
07:07
running at thousands of degrees, over a thousand C.
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์„ญ์”จ ์ฒœ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
07:11
When it's at temperature,
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07:12
it stores more energy than a Tesla Model X.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ…Œ์Šฌ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋ธ X๋ณด๋‹ค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ €์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
We put about 3,000 of those in a box to make one heat battery.
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๋ฒฝ๋Œ ์‚ผ์ฒœ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ƒ์ž์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ์—ด ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
(Laughs)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:21
We didn't have spares, this is actually going into a unit.
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์˜ˆ๋น„ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋„ฃ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:27
We are now at this very interesting point.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์ ์— ์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Technology like this is simple.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
It's boring. It can go to scale fast.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:37
If you want to go to scale fast,
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:39
it's good to be boring,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๊ณ 
07:41
to use these simple processes.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
There is a valley of death that everyone talks about,
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์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๊ณ„๊ณก์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
about new technologies,
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07:48
between new technologies where high capital costs
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๋งŽ์€ ์ž๋ณธ์ด ๋“œ๋‚˜
07:53
can absorb uncertainty,
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ
07:55
and low capital costs, huge infrastructure,
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์ ์€ ์ž๋ณธ์ด ๋“œ๋‚˜ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ
ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:58
needs certainty.
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08:00
New and boring is a really strange combination,
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์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
08:04
but it's an excellent recipe for going fast.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
Leading climate-investment funds, industrial producers
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์„ ๋„์ ์ธ ๊ธฐํ›„ ํˆฌ์ž ํŽ€๋“œ์™€ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž๋“ค์€
08:10
agreed that our kind of boring is a good idea,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:14
and have helped us build a great team to build big and go fast.
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํŒ€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
Today, Rondo is supplying heat for low-carbon fuel production
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ก ๋„๋Š” ์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์šฉ ์—ด์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:22
and developing projects around the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ
08:24
that will produce food, chemicals, metals and cement.
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์‹ํ’ˆ, ํ™”ํ•™, ๊ธˆ์† ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
We are producing bricks at gigawatt scale
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:33
and growing that production, over the next few years, a hundredfold.
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ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ 100๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
So we're at the beginning of a rapid ramp.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ๋„์•ฝ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
Tackling our climate crisis needs our will,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:47
but it also needs tools to build big, new energy infrastructure fast.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ๋„๊ตฌ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
This is one of those tools.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋„๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
It's a six-gigaton tool.
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6๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ํ†ค ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ์ฃ .
08:55
Analysts say the fully decarbonized world
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๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œํ™”ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์€
09:00
needs twice as much heat-battery storage as grid-battery storage.
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์—ด ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ €์žฅ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
Heat batteries powered by the wind and sun
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
09:09
will lower, not raise, the cost of making the things we need
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
in the decarbonized world.
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ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œํ™”๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:16
This new kind of fire will power a safer, more prosperous,
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถˆ์€ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์ •์˜๋กœ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์„
09:20
more just world for our children and their children.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์†๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž์†์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
Our challenge, Rondo's great opportunity,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ์ด์ž ๋ก ๋„์˜ ์ ˆํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š”
09:26
is to build at scale to repower the world's industries,
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ
09:32
and save 15 percent of world CO2 emissions.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 15ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
09:37
And with your help,
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09:38
we can get that done in 15 years.
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15๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
That's why I have hope, and I hope you do, too.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ง์„ ํ’ˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:45
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
(Cheers and applause)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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