A Faster Way to Get to a Clean Energy Future | Ramez Naam | TED

114,799 views ใƒป 2023-04-10

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yigue Chang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Ju-young Moon
00:08
It's an honor to be with you here today.
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๊ด‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
And the message I have to deliver is a simple one,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
which is that clean energy will win on cost,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ง‰์ง€๋งŒ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:19
definitively,
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00:21
but only if we get out of the way and allow it to be built.
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์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์›”๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
Let's focus on that first point.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Ÿ์ ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:29
Let's look at the cost of clean energy technology.
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์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:33
In 1975,
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1975๋…„์—
00:35
if you were buying a solar panel per watt of power that it produced,
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ํƒœ์–‘ ์ „์ง€ ํŒจ๋„์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
00:40
it would cost you 100 US dollars.
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1์™€ํŠธ๋‹น 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
By 2020,
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2020๋…„๊นŒ์ง€
00:46
that cost had declined to 20 cents per watt of power.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 1์™€ํŠธ๋‹น 20์„ผํŠธ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
That's a 500-fold decline.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด 500๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
00:55
This is unlike anything else ever seen in energy.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฌดํ›„๋ฌดํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
It is unlike anything else ever seen in physical infrastructure,
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์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ฑด์„ค ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„ ์ „๋ฌดํ›„๋ฌดํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๊ณ ์š”,
01:06
and it continues today,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น„์šฉ ์ธํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:09
and it is likely to continue for decades to come.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Now, this has surprised the leading experts on clean energy
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:19
and even the biggest optimists on the future of clean energy.
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์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ธ์ •๋ก ์ž๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:23
I should know because I am one of those leading optimists.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ์ •๋ก ์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ์„œ ์ž˜ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
In 2010, the International Energy Agency,
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2010๋…„์— ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ถŒ์œ„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ธ
01:31
the world's foremost and official experts on energy,
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๊ตญ์ œ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:36
forecasted that the cost of solar power would drop like this.
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01:41
Now, I came from technology.
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์ €๋Š” ํ…Œํฌ ์ชฝ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
01:44
I was a computer scientist,
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01:45
and so I looked at the cost of solar through the lens of Mooreโ€™s law,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ฌด์–ด์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ
01:49
exponential decline in cost as technology scales.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
And so I forecast
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
01:55
that the cost of solar would drop at around five times the rate
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ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ตญ์ œ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜
์•ฝ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ
02:01
that the IEA believed it would.
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๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Unfortunately or fortunately, I was wrong.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ํ˜น์€ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์ €๋Š” ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
The cost of solar actually dropped 10 times as fast as the IEA expected
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ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ’์˜
10๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ 
02:12
and twice as fast as I expected.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
02:16
Clean energy is a technology.
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์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
This deception in understanding the pace of cost decline
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๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์†๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋งŒ์€
02:25
has led to a massive underestimation of the pace of growth.
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๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์†๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
Every year, the IEA puts out a forecast
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๋งค๋…„ ๊ตญ์ œ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
02:33
for how much new solar will we install per year.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์„ค์น˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
And you see these colored lines show you the pace
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด ์•Œ๋ก๋‹ฌ๋กํ•œ ์„ ๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ์ œ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”
02:41
at which the IEA believes new solar will be deployed annually,
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๋งค๋…„ ์„ค์น˜๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
versus the black line, which shows how fast it's actually been deployed.
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์ด ๊ฒ€์€ ์„ ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ฃ .
02:53
So you see the colored lines going off to the right,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ป—๋Š” ์•Œ๋ก๋‹ฌ๋กํ•œ ์„ ๋“ค์€
02:56
those are successive years of forecasts of annual installations.
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๋งค๋…„ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์„ค์น˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ 
03:01
And on the left you have what amounts to a 30 to 40 percent
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์™ผ์ชฝ์€ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์„ค์น˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์˜
์•ฝ 30~40ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
annual growth in installations.
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03:08
Note this has happened through the COVID years,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
note that 2022 will see another 38 to 40 percent growth
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2022๋…„์€ ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 38~40ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜
03:16
in this market.
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์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
This trend is not limited to just solar.
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์ด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
It applies to a wide variety of clean-energy technologies.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
We've seen the price of solar drop
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡์‹ญ๋…„๋™์•ˆ
03:30
by a factor of 40 over the last few decades.
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40๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
We've seen the cost of wind drop almost as much,
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ํ’๋ ฅ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:35
and now an accelerating cost decline in floating offshore wind
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ€์œ ์‹ ํ’๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•ด์ƒํ’๋ ฅ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
and offshore wind.
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03:41
We've seen the cost of batteries that power our electric vehicles
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์ธ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ
03:47
and grid energy storage drop at the same pace
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
03:51
or faster than the pace of solar.
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ํ˜น์€ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
And we are just at the very beginning of an exponential cost decline
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
03:59
in the cost of using clean electricity to make hydrogen
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
04:03
and other fuels that we can use to power industry,
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ํ•ญ๊ณต, ์šด์†ก ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
04:06
to provide weeks or months of storage on the grid
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์ˆ˜์†Œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์˜
04:10
and to provide fuels we can use for aviation,
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๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์  ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
for shipping and so on.
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04:15
Whatโ€™s happening here --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋ƒ๋ฉด์š”
04:17
and I won't claim this is happening quickly enough
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์„ญ์”จ 1.5๋„ ์ดํ•˜์— ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
04:20
to stay below 1.5 degrees Celsius --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:24
but what's happening here is that clean energy technologies
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04:28
are technologies
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04:30
and they drop in cost like technology.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
As they are scaled, they come down in price.
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
Meanwhile, fossil fuels are commodities
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ํ•œํŽธ, ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด๊ณ 
04:40
and fossil fuel prices fluctuate over time.
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
This is data from Oxford's Institute of New Economic Studies,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ฅ์Šคํผ๋“œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
which shows the cost of oil, gas and coal across the bottom there,
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์„์œ , ๊ฐ€์Šค, ์„ํƒ„์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:55
fluctuating over time, largely remaining flat.
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๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋ณดํ•ฉ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
Whereas here is the cost of clean energy technologies:
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
solar, wind, batteries, power to fuels,
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ํƒœ์–‘์—ด, ํ’๋ ฅ, ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ, ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ,
05:06
all of them dropping exponentially.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
In 2010, there was no place on earth
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2010๋…„ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ
05:14
where clean energy was cheaper than fossil energy.
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์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ผ ๊ณณ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
In 2015, we started to see the first instances of clean energy
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2015๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด ์—†์ด๋„ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์ด
05:23
without subsidies being cost-competitive.
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์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Now we see in more and more parts of the world
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
05:30
that it is cheaper to build solar and wind
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜๊ณ  ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ํƒ„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ณต์žฅ์— ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
05:33
than it is to put fuel
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ํƒœ์–‘์—ด๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์‹ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
into an already built and operating coal or gas plant.
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05:41
And behind that is the continued cost decline of batteries and hydrogen,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฉด์—๋Š” ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
which are still expensive
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๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€๋งŒ
05:48
but will get cheap enough to solve many of our intermittency issues.
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๊ฐ„ํ—์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
Now, does that mean we are done and the problem is solved?
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์€ ๋๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:56
Not at all.
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์ „ํ˜€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
We need to go faster.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋นจ๋ผ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
And we have a number of barriers.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Some of these weโ€™ve talked about.
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์ด ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:03
Critical minerals need to be built out.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
We need a just transition.
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์ •์˜๋กœ์šด ์ „ํ™˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
But there's two barriers I want to talk about in particular,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:13
which are the reluctance to build -- not in my backyard --
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๊บผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋‹˜๋น„ ํ˜„์ƒ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ฃ 
06:18
and the challenges with permitting.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
Because we look at renewables
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์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
06:23
and a common complaint is they take up too much land.
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ํ”ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋•…์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
All of us want clean energy infrastructure,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์ฒญ์ •ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:32
but many of us don't want it in our backyard.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
Now, solar power is fairly compact.
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ํƒœ์–‘ ์ „์ง€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Wind power takes more space,
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ํ’๋ ฅ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:41
but that space is co-located with agriculture.
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๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋†์—…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
Animals graze up to wind turbines, fields of crops can be grown.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ํ’๋ ฅ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ’€์„ ๋œฏ๊ณ  ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ ๋ฐญ๋„ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
And yet, despite this,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
06:54
in modern nations, in Europe and North America,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:57
roughly half of the land in the UK, in Germany or the US,
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์˜๊ตญ, ๋…์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ† ์ง€์˜ ์•ฝ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋†์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
is devoted to agriculture.
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07:04
Yet, Germany allows now two percent of land in Germany
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋…์ผ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋…์ผ ๋‚ด ํ† ์ง€์˜ 2%๋ฅผ
ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
to be used for wind power.
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07:13
The US allows local communities to block wind power
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ธ๊ทผ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€
ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
even if it's nowhere near them.
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07:20
If we want to deploy clean energy,
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์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
07:24
we must allow it to actually be built.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
But the even larger problem is this:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
We need to build out the grid.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
We have a perception that clean energy technologies don't need the grid.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Solar and wind mean you can be off-grid.
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ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ํ’๋ ฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
While thatโ€™s easier, largely the opposite is true.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Because solar and wind are weather-dependent,
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ํƒœ์–‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ์€ ๋‚ ์”จ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:51
they benefit much more from continent-sized grid
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:55
than do fossil fuels.
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07:57
And yet the same NIMBY issues
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹˜๋น„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€
08:00
and the same permitting issues plague energy transmission.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „์†ก์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
Electricity transmission is ugly, and why do we need it,
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ „์†ก ์‹œ์„ค์€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:08
if we can just go off-grid and local with these energy technologies?
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์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์—†์ด๋„ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ „์†ก์ด ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:13
Well, here's why we need it.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
This is the sunshine, the solar resources of Europe.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ–‡๋น›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
The most sun is in the south.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ํ–‡๋น›์€ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:21
Of course, the most wind is in the north, by the way.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์€ ๋ถ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
And this is averaged across the year.
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์ด ๊ฐ’์€ ์ผ ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ‰๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
In winter, it is much more dramatic.
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๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ทน์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
In winter you have one seventh the solar resource in the UK
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์˜๊ตญ์€ ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ–‡๋น›์˜ 7๋ถ„์˜ 1์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
that you have in summer.
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08:35
You have one sixth the solar resource in Germany that you have in summer.
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๋…์ผ์€ ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ–‡๋น›์˜ 6๋ถ„์˜ 1์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
So every model,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชจ๋ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ ์”จ์™€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
08:42
every simulation of weather and energy demand shows this.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
It shows that if you want to have the highest-reliability grid
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋กœ
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
08:53
at the lowest cost, with the least carbon emissions
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08:56
and the most clean energy deployment,
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08:59
you want to build a continent-sized grid.
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๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
In Europe, it would bring wind from the north,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๋ถ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถํ•ด์™€ ๋•…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
09:06
primarily the North Sea, but also on land,
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ํ’๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ ,
09:08
hydro from the Nordics and solar from the south.
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๋…ธ๋ฅด๋”• ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ, ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:12
And these would be countercyclical.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์—ญํ–‰์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
More sun in the summer, more wind in the winter.
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š” ํ–‡๋ณ•์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถˆ์ฃ .
09:18
This is slightly oversimplified,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
09:20
but this is the sort of system
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€
09:23
that would allow Europe to decarbonize its electricity sector
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ
09:27
with some degree of storage and hydrogen and so on,
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์ˆ˜์†Œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:30
nearly completely,
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์ „๊ธฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
at a lower cost than the system today.
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09:36
That same Oxford study I showed you
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
09:38
says that a rapid transition to clean energy,
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:41
because the more you deploy, the cheaper it gets,
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์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์€
09:44
would save us 12 trillion dollars on the energy system,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„
์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— 12์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
not even counting climate damages.
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09:51
Now, could we build such a grid?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:54
Of course, we have the technology and the economics.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
In China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
09:59
the bulk of energy demand is on the East Coast,
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10:02
yet, the greatest solar resources and wind resources are in the interior.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ž์›๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ ์ž์›์€ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
And China is building literally scores of high-voltage power lines
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ
10:13
that transmit power from where the sun and wind are
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์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ ์•• ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
to the coasts, where the energy demand is.
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10:20
And the longest of these lines right now,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ๋…ธ์„ ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ๋…ธ์„ ์ธ
10:22
the รœrรผmqi to Shanghai line, is 3,400 kilometers long.
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์šฐ๋ฃจ๋ฌด์น˜์—์„œ ์ƒํ•˜์ด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋…ธ์„ ์€ 3,400ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
It is 90 percent efficient, very low losses,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 90%์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
10:31
and it adds maybe a penny or two to the cost of electricity.
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฃŒ์— 1,2์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ–์— ๋”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
That's what's technically feasible with current technology,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ๋„ ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
let alone advances.
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10:40
In Europe that would allow us to transmit electricity
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:44
from Seville to Copenhagen,
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์„ธ๋น„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ฝ”ํŽœํ•˜๊ฒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ „์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
10:46
to bring power from the North Sea
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๋ถํ•ด์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
to anywhere in the continent that needs it.
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10:51
In my home country, the United States,
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์ œ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
10:53
we could bring power from the sunny,
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๋„“๊ณ  ํ–‡๋ณ•์ด ์ž˜ ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‰ด๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์ฃผ์—์„œ
10:56
wide open areas of New Mexico
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10:58
to population and land-dense New York,
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ํ–‡๋น›์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋•…์ด ๋ฐ€์ง‘ํ•œ ๋‰ด์š•๊นŒ์ง€
11:02
which doesn't get so much sun.
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์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
And we could take wind power from the Great Plains,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‰์›์—์„œ
11:07
that are largely devoid of population,
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11:09
and bring it to the coasts in winter.
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ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์–ป์–ด ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ํ•ด์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
That is what a modern grid looks like.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
And yet we are not building this.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง“์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
Now, let me give you two pieces of data that will back up my assertions
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ,
11:23
about how powerful these issues of permitting
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:26
and grid build-out are,
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์ œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ด ์ค„ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
and one more, which is open competition on cost.
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11:32
What state in the United States
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:35
do you believe has the most combined solar and wind power today
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์ง€๋‚œ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋Š ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€
11:39
and has deployed the most solar over the last year?
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ํƒœ์–‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
11:44
Audience: Texas.
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๊ด€๊ฐ: ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค.
11:45
RN: You are a very smart audience.
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RN: ์•„์ฃผ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ฐ์ด๋„ค์š”.
11:47
It is the great state of Texas.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ์‚ฌ์Šค ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
Now, Texas has no climate policies to speak of.
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์ž, ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋”ฑํžˆ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
It has no incentives for solar or wind to speak of.
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ํƒœ์–‘๋ ฅ, ํ’๋ ฅ ์žฅ๋ ค์ฑ…๋„ ๋”ฑํžˆ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
It does have abundant land and abundant sun and wind.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋•…๊ณผ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
We can't all duplicate that.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
But it has three other things we should think about.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
12:07
One, it has an open market for electricity
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:10
where the cheapest provider wins,
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์œ  ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
12:13
and that should give us confidence of what is actually winning.
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์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋Š ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ด ์ด๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
Two, permitting in Texas is relatively easy.
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๋‘˜์งธ, ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์—์„œ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
It's easy to build things, easy to build fossil infrastructure.
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ํ™”์„ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
I don't love that, but it's easy to build clean infrastructure
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง˜์— ๋“ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
์ฒญ์ • ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
and that's what's winning out.
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12:32
And three, Texas is the easiest state in the United States
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์…‹์งธ, ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์†ก์ „์ด ์‰ฌ์šด ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
to build electricity transmission.
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12:38
Not as easy as I'd like, but it makes it easy.
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์ €๋Š” ๋” ์‰ฌ์› ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์‰ฌ์šด ํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
Those last three factors are factors we can replicate in every nation,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ,
๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ, ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
every state, every geography on planet Earth.
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12:50
And they would accelerate this transition.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „ํ™˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:53
Now, in August of 2022,
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2022๋…„ 8์›”,
12:56
we passed the largest US climate bill ever,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ
์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
Inflation Reduction Act.
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13:03
In Europe,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š”
13:04
we have a massive push on clean energy
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์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์™€์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ
13:07
as part of the energy crisis driven by the war on Ukraine.
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์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ถ”์ง„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
Now I want to reveal at the same time that we failed at something.
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์›ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:15
In late September 2022,
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2022๋…„ 9์›” ๋ง
13:18
we had a permitting bill in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
13:21
that would have made it tremendously easier
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13:24
to build the continent-sized grid that we need in the US.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
It also made it easier to build fossil fuels.
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
Yet every analysis showed
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด
13:33
that fundamentally this bill accelerated the clean energy transition.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
But it was opposed by some people
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข€ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ
13:39
because of it making it a bit easier to build fossil fuels as well.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
The consequence of this is potentially dire.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
The Princeton REPEAT project, led by my friend Dr. Jesse Jenkins,
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ œ์‹œ ์  ํ‚จ์Šค ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋„๋Š” ํ”„๋ฆฐ์Šคํ„ด ๋ฆฌํ”ผํŠธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ
13:52
has analyzed this and said that up to 80 percent of the benefits
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํŒŒ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
13:58
of the Inflation Reduction Act may not manifest
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์˜ 80%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
if we can't accelerate the pace of building transmission.
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14:06
That that could amount to as much as 800 million tons a year
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 8์–ต ํ†ค์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
14:13
of carbon emissions in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
14:15
that would have been eliminated,
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14:17
but that won't be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ,
14:19
because we don't have the transmission capability
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14:22
to bring the cheapest power to where it's needed
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ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์†ก์ „ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ˆ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:26
and boost resilience and reliability along the way.
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14:30
So I believe that a deal that makes it easier to build,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด ํ†ต๊ณผ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
14:35
even if, to get that bill passed,
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ฑด์„ค๋„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„,
14:39
we need to make it a bit easier to build some fossil infrastructure,
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14:42
will win for clean energy
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์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋น„์šฉ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋–„๋ฌธ์—
14:45
because clean energy simply wins on cost.
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์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์€ ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
On a level playing field, it will dominate the future.
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๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
And so if you have confidence in this decades-long trend
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†๋œ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด
14:58
that clean energy will economically disrupt fossil fuels,
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ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:04
then the logical conclusion is that we must get out of the way,
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๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ง‰์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
15:09
make permitting easier, and allow it to be built.
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์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
It is time for us to build.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์„คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
Thank you very much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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