Robert Full: Secrets of movement, from geckos and roaches

34,460 views ใƒป 2007-12-04

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hyun Joon Min ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:12
I want you to imagine that you're a student in my lab.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
What I want you to do is to create a biologically inspired design.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
And so here's the challenge:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
I want you to help me create a fully 3D, dynamic, parameterized contact model.
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3์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์  ์ ‘์ด‰๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:29
The translation of that is, could you help me build a foot?
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฐœ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:33
And it is a true challenge, and I do want you to help me.
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์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณผ์ œ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Of course, in the challenge there is a prize.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด ๋„์ „์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
It's not quite the TED Prize, but it is an exclusive t-shirt from our lab.
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TED ์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์˜ ์ „์šฉ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
So please send me your ideas about how to design a foot.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐœ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ• ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
00:50
Now if we want to design a foot, what do we have to do?
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๋ฐœ์„ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ๋ฌด์—‡๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:54
We have to first know what a foot is.
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์šฐ์„ ์€ ๋ฐœ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
If we go to the dictionary, it says, "It's the lower extremity of a leg
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์‚ฌ์ „์—์„œ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, "๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ
01:00
that is in direct contact with the ground in standing or walking"
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์„œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ง€๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ„"
01:02
That's the traditional definition.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ •์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
But if you wanted to really do research, what do you have to do?
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์ •๋ง ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:06
You have to go to the literature and look up what's known about feet.
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์šฐ์„  ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ , ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
So you go to the literature. (Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ๋ด์•ผํ•˜์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:12
Maybe you're familiar with this literature.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
The problem is, there are many, many feet.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
How do you do this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
01:18
You need to survey all feet and extract the principles of how they work.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐœ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
And I want you to help me do that in this next clip.
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ €๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
As you see this clip, look for principles,
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์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ, ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:28
and also think about experiments that you might design
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋””์ž์ธ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:31
in order to understand how a foot works.
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๋ฐœ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
01:44
See any common themes? Principles?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
01:46
What would you do?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
01:59
What experiments would you run?
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:31
Wow. (Applause)
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์™€-(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:37
Our research on the biomechanics of animal locomotion
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑธ์Œ๊ฑธ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์—ญํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:40
has allowed us to make a blueprint for a foot.
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๋ฐœ์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
It's a design inspired by nature, but it's not a copy of any specific foot you just looked at,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹  ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
but it's a synthesis of the secrets of many, many feet.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:52
Now it turns out that animals can go anywhere.
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์ด์ œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””๋“  ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
They can locomote on substrates that vary as you saw --
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณด์…จ๋“ฏ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฑธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:57
in the probability of contact, the movement of that surface
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๋ฉด์— ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ , ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:01
and the type of footholds that are present.
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๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
04:04
If you want to study how a foot works,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:06
we're going to have to simulate those surfaces, or simulate that debris.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ๋ถ€์Šค๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•ด ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
When we did that, here's a new experiment that we did:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค :
04:15
we put an animal and had it run -- this grass spider --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ(grass spider)์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:17
on a surface with 99 percent of the contact area removed.
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์ ‘์ด‰๋ฉด์˜ 99%๋ฅผ ์—†์•ค ๊ทธ๋ฌผ๋ง ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ
04:20
But it didn't even slow down the animal.
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๋Š” ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
It's still running at the human equivalent of 300 miles per hour.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์ž๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น 300๋งˆ์ผ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ 
04:25
Now how could it do that? Well, look more carefully.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:28
When we slow it down 50 times we see how the leg is hitting that simulated debris.
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50๋ฐฐ ์ €์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ๋ถ€์Šค๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐŸ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
The leg is acting as a foot.
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:36
And in fact, the animal contacts other parts of its leg
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
more frequently than the traditionally defined foot.
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๊ณ ์ „์  ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ฐœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ‘์ด‰๋นˆ๋„๋„ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
The foot is distributed along the whole leg.
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๋ฐœ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
04:46
You can do another experiment where you can take a cockroach with a foot,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋ฐ์š”. ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์žก์€ ํ›„์— ๋ฐœ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
and you can remove its foot.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๋ฐ์š”. ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์žก์€ ํ›„์— ๋ฐœ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
I'm passing some cockroaches around. Take a look at their feet.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ๋ช‡ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋†จ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋ฐœ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:56
Without a foot, here's what it does. It doesn't even slow down.
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๋ฐœ์ด ์—†์–ด๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ . ์ „ํ˜€ ๋Š๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
It can run the same speed without even that segment.
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๋ฐœ์ด ์—†์–ด๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:03
No problem for the cockroach -- they can grow them back, if you care.
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๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๋ž„๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
05:06
How do they do it?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:08
Look carefully: this is slowed down 100 times,
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. 100๋ฐฐ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์†๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
and watch what it's doing with the rest of its leg.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:14
It's acting, again, as a distributed foot --
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ๋ถ„ํฌ๋œ ๋ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
very effective.
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๋งค์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
05:19
Now, the question we had is, how general is a distributed foot?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์€, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ๋ถ„ํฌ๋œ ๋ฐœ์ด๋ž€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์ด์ฃ ?
05:24
And the next behavior I'll show you of this animal just stunned us the first time that we saw it.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ดค์„ ๋–„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Journalists, this is off the record; it's embargoed.
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๊ธฐ์ž๋ถ„๋“ค, ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋„๊ธˆ์ง€์—์š”--
05:38
Take a look at what that is!
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!!
05:40
That's a bipedal octopus that's disguised as a rolling coconut.
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๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”์ฝ”๋„›์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์žฅํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๋ฌธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
It was discovered by Christina Huffard
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ํœดํŒŒ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
and filmed by Sea Studios, right here from Monterey.
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์ดฌ์˜์€ Sea Studio๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชฌํ…Œ๋ ˆ์ด์—์„œ ์™€๊ณ„์‹œ๋„ค์š”.
05:56
We've also described another species of bipedal octopus.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‘๋ฐœ๋กœ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๋ฌธ์–ด๋„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
This one disguises itself as floating algae.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์–ด๋Š” ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณ€์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
06:04
It walks on two legs and it holds the other arms up in the air so that it can't be seen.
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๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํŒ”์€ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์œ„์žฅ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ  .
06:09
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:10
And look what it does with its foot to get over challenging terrain.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:18
It uses that beautiful distributed foot to make it as if those obstacles are not even there --
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์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ถ„ํฌ๋œ ๋ฐœ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
truly extraordinary.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ 
06:33
In 1951, Escher made this drawing. He thought he created an animal fantasy.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ์—์…”๊ฐ€ 1951๋…„์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ 
06:38
But we know that art imitates life,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
and it turns out nature, three million years ago, evolved the next animal.
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300๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „, ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
It's a shrimp-like animal called the stomatopod,
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์ด ์ƒˆ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฐฏ๊ฐ€์žฌ(stomatopod)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
and here's how it moves on the beaches of Panama:
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์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
06:49
it actually rolls, and it can even roll uphill.
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์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ง‰๋„ ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:53
It's the ultimate distributed foot: its whole body in this case is acting like its foot.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌ๋œ ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ ๋ชธ์ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฐœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์›€์ง์ด์ฃ .
07:03
So, if we want to then, to our blueprint, add the first important feature,
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋„์— ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:08
we want to add distributed foot contact.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌ๋œ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:10
Not just with the traditional foot, but also the leg,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋งŒ ๋„ฃ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
07:13
and even of the body.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชธ์ฒด๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
07:14
Can this help us inspire the design of novel robots?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:18
We biologically inspired this robot, named RHex,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ RHex์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
built by these extraordinary engineers over the last few years.
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์ด ํŠน์ถœ๋‚œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜ ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:25
RHex's foot started off to be quite simple,
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RHex์˜ ๋ฐœ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
then it got tuned over time, and ultimately resulted in this half circle.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ ํŠœ๋‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ˜์› ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:33
Why is that? The video will show you.
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”? ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
Watch where the robot, now, contacts its leg in order to deal with this very difficult terrain.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์–ด๋””์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋”›๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:42
What you'll see, in fact, is that it's using that half circle leg as a distributed foot.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋ฐ˜์›ํ˜•์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋œ ๋ฐœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:48
Watch it go over this.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:50
You can see it here well on this debris.
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์ด ์ž”ํ•ด ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:53
Extraordinary. No sensing, all the control is built right into the tuned legs.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ฐ์ง€์„ผ์„œ๋„ ์—†์ด ์ž˜ ํŠœ๋‹๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
Really simple, but beautiful.
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์ •๋ง ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ .
08:01
Now, you might have noticed something else about the animals
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์ด์ œ, ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
08:04
when they were running over the rough terrain.
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๊ฑฐ์น ์€ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์š”
08:06
And my assistant's going to help me here.
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์ œ ์กฐ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ์ข€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
08:08
When you touched the cockroach leg -- can you get the microphone for him?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์ง€๋ฉด -- ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๊ฐ–๋‹ค ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
08:12
When you touched the cockroach leg, what did it feel like?
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๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค์ง€?
08:15
Did you notice something?
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚€ ์  ์žˆ๋‹ˆ?
08:17
Boy: Spiny.
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์†Œ๋…„ : ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
08:18
Robert Full: It's spiny, right? It's really spiny, isn't it? It sort of hurts.
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ’€ : ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด. ๋งž์•„. ์ •๋ง ๊นŒ์น ๊นŒ์น ํ•ด. ์•„ํ”„๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ตฌ.
08:22
Maybe we could give it to our curator and see if he'd be brave enough to touch the cockroach.
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ํ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์•„์ €์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์งˆ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณผ๊นŒ?
08:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:29
Chris Anderson: Did you touch it?
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(ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ : ๋„ˆ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋งŒ์ ธ ๋ดค๋‹ค๊ตฌ?)
08:30
RF: So if you look carefully at this, what you see is that they have spines
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ’€ : ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
08:33
and until a few weeks ago, no one knew what they did.
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ „๋งŒํ•ด๋„ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
They assumed that they were for protection and for sensory structures.
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๋ฐฉ์–ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
08:39
We found that they're for something else -- here's a segment of that spine.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:43
They're tuned such that they easily collapse in one direction
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ํ•œ ์ชฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘ํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
to pull the leg out from debris,
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์ž”ํ•ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋นผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
08:48
but they're stiff in the other direction so they capture disparities in the surface.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ปฃ๋ปฃํ•ด์„œ, ์ง€๋ฉด์˜ ์š”์ฒ ์„ ์žก๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Now crabs don't miss footholds, because they normally move on sand --
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๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์„ ํ—›๋”›๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:57
until they come to our lab.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์— ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
08:59
And where they have a problem with this kind of mesh,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฒ ๋ง์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”.
09:02
because they don't have spines.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ฒŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
The crabs are missing spines, so they have a problem in this kind of rough terrain.
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๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์ง€ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
But of course, we can deal with that
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
because we can produce artificial spines.
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์ธ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋˜์ž–์•„์š”.
09:15
We can make spines that catch on simulated debris
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๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ž”ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
and collapse on removal to easily pull them out.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋บ„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ ‘ํžˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:21
We did that by putting these artificial spines on crabs,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ด ์ธ๊ณต ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฅผ
09:24
as you see here, and then we tested them.
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๊ฒŒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
Do we really understand that principle of tuning? The answer is, yes!
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ํŠœ๋‹์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹ต์€ ๋„ค! ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
This is slowed down 20-fold, and the crab just zooms across that simulated debris.
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20๋ฐฐ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ํ™”๋ฉด์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์ด ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋ง‰ ํ†ต๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:37
A little better than nature.
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์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‚ซ์ง€์š”
09:40
So to our blueprint, we need to add tuned spines.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ค๊ณ„๋„์—๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
09:43
Now will this help us think about the design of more effective climbing robots?
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
09:48
Well, here's RHex: RHex has trouble on rails -- on smooth rails, as you see here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ RHex๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–˜๋Š” ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋‚œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋„˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:53
So why not add a spine? My colleagues did this at U. Penn.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”? ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ
09:57
Dan Koditschek put some steel nails -- very simple version -- on the robot,
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Dan Koditschek์ด ๊ฐ•์ฒ  ๋ฐœํ†ฑ์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
10:01
and here's RHex, now, going over those steel -- those rails. No problem!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด RHex๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ € ๋‚œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—†์ด ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
10:07
How does it do it?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
10:08
Let's slow it down and you can see the spines in action.
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๋Š๋ฆฐ ํ™”๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”..
10:10
Watch the leg come around, and you'll see it grab on right there.
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ „์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
10:13
It couldn't do that before; it would just slip and get stuck and tip over.
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์ „์—๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
10:16
And watch again, right there -- successful.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ . ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €๊ธฐ์—์š”. ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”.
10:20
Now just because we have a distributed foot and spines
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋œ ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
10:23
doesn't mean you can climb vertical surfaces.
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์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฒฝ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
10:26
This is really, really difficult.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
10:28
But look at this animal do it!
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!
10:30
One of the ones I'm passing around is climbing up this vertical surface that's a smooth metal plate.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์ง ์ฒ ํŒ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ฒ ํŒ์ด์—์š”.
10:36
It's extraordinary how fast it can do it --
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š”์ง€ ๋†€๋ž๊ตฐ์š”.
10:38
but if you slow it down, you see something that's quite extraordinary.
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์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:42
It's a secret. The animal effectively climbs by slipping and look --
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๋น„๊ฒฐ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”
10:46
and doing, actually, terribly, with respect to grabbing on the surface.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์žก์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
10:50
It looks, in fact, like it's swimming up the surface.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋งˆ์น˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”.
10:53
We can actually model that behavior better as a fluid, if you look at it.
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์ž˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
The distributed foot, actually, is working more like a paddle.
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๋ถ„ํฌ๋œ ๋ฐœ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฐฐ์ “๋Š” ๋…ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:01
The same is true when we looked at this lizard running on fluidized sand.
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๊ณ ์šด ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
Watch its feet.
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์ด ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:07
It's actually functioning as a paddle
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋…ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์›€์ง์ด์ฃ ?
11:09
even though it's interacting with a surface that we normally think of as a solid.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹Œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค ์ •๋„์—์š”.
11:15
This is not different from what my former undergraduate discovered
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์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ์ด ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ
11:20
when she figured out how lizards can run on water itself.
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๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
11:25
Can you use this to make a better robot?
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:30
Martin Buehler did -- who's now at Boston Dynamics --
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Martin Buehler๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ๋‹ค์ด๋‚˜๋ฏน์Šค์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:33
he took this idea and made RHex to be Aqua RHex.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  RHex๋ฅผ Aqua RHex๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:38
So here's RHex with paddles,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ RHex์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
now converted into an incredibly maneuverable swimming robot.
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๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ „ํ™˜์ด ์‰ฌ์šด ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
For rough surfaces, though, animals add claws.
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ๊ฑฐ์น ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฐœํ†ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
And you probably feel them if you grabbed it.
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๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
11:50
Did you touch it?
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๋งŒ์ ธ ๋ดค๋‚˜์š”?
11:51
CA: I did.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ : ๋„ค
11:52
RF: And they do really well at grabbing onto surfaces with these claws.
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ’€ : ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœํ†ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์ž˜ ์žก์•„์„œ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
11:54
Mark Cutkosky at Stanford University, one of my collaborators, is an extraordinary engineer
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์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ธ ์Šคํ…ํฌ๋“œ ๋Œ€์˜ Mark Cutkosly๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
who developed this technique called Shape Deposition Manufacturing,
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์ด ํ˜•์ƒ์นจ์ฐฉ์ œ์กฐ๋ฒ•(SDM)์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:03
where he can imbed claws right into an artificial foot.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ธ๊ณต ๋ฐœ์— ๋ฐœํ†ฑ์„ ์‹ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
And here's the simple version of a foot for a new robot that I'll show you in a bit.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ฒ„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
So to our blueprint, let's attach claws.
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ค๊ณ„๋„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ, ๋ฐœํ†ฑ๋„ ๋ถ™์ด์ฃ .
12:14
Now if we look at animals, though, to be really maneuverable in all surfaces,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
12:17
the animals use hybrid mechanisms
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
that include claws, and spines, and hairs, and pads, and glue, and capillary adhesion
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๋ฐœํ†ฑ, ๊ฐ€์‹œ, ํ„ธ, ๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ, ์ ์•ก์งˆ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์„ธ๊ด€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
12:23
and a whole bunch of other things.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œตํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:24
These are all from different insects.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
12:26
There's an ant crawling up a vertical surface.
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์ด์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฉด์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
Let's look at that ant.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:30
This is the foot of an ant. You see the hairs and the claws and this thing here.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ„ธ๊ณผ ๋ฐœํ†ฑ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
12:35
This is when its foot's in the air.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ณต์ค‘์— ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
Watch what happens when the foot goes onto your sandwich.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:41
You see what happens?
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์ € ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
12:43
That pad comes out. And that's where the glue is.
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๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™€์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธด ์ ์•ก์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
12:48
Here from underneath is an ant foot,
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
and when the claws don't dig in, that pad automatically comes out without the ant doing anything.
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๋ฐœํ†ฑ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด, ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๋˜์ง€ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์€ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:57
It just extrudes.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํŠ€์–ด ๋‚˜์˜ค์ฃ .
12:58
And this was a hard shot to get -- I think this is the shot of the ant foot on the superstrings.
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์ด ์žฅ๋ฉด์€ ์ •๋ง ์ฐ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๋ˆ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฐœ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
13:03
So it's pretty tough to do.
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์ •๋ง ์ฐ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:04
This is what it looks like close up --
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์ด๊ฑด ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
here's the ant foot, and there's the glue.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ๋ฐœ์ด๊ณ , ์ €๊ฒŒ ์ ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
And we discovered this glue may be an interesting two-phase mixture.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ € ์ ์•ก์€ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
It certainly helps it to hold on.
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๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถ™์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
13:15
So to our blueprint, we stick on some sticky pads.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ค๊ณ„๋„์—๋„ ๋ˆ์ ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
Now you might think for smooth surfaces we get inspiration here.
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์ด์ œ ๋งค๋ˆํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:23
Now we have something better here.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
13:26
The gecko's a really great example of nanotechnology in nature.
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๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์€ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
These are its feet.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฐœ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
13:31
They're -- almost look alien. And the secret, which they stick on with,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”. ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์ด ๋ฒฝ์— ์ž˜ ๋ถ™๋Š” ๋น„๊ฒฐ์€
13:35
involves their hairy toes.
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ํ„ธ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋ฝ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
They can run up a surface at a meter per second,
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์–˜๋„ค๋“ค์€ ์ดˆ๋‹น 1๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
take 30 steps in that one second -- you can hardly see them.
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1์ดˆ์— 30๊ฑธ์Œ์„ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ ์š” -- ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
13:44
If we slow it down, they attach their feet at eight milliseconds,
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๋Š๋ฆฐ ํ™”๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์€ 0.008์ดˆ๋งŒ์— ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
and detach them in 16 milliseconds.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  0.016์ดˆ์— ๋—๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
And when you watch how they detach it, it is bizarre.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋–ผ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ •๋ง ํŠน์ดํ•ด์š”.
13:57
They peel away from the surface like you'd peel away a piece of tape.
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ํ…Œ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด ๋‚ด๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฐœ์„ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋—๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
Very strange. How do they stick?
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๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ดํ•˜์ฃ . ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ™์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:05
If you look at their feet, they have leaf-like structures called linalae
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, linalae๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žŽ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:08
with millions of hairs.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ„ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜์š”.
14:09
And each hair has the worst case of split ends possible.
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๊ฐ ํ„ธ ๋์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
It has a hundred to a thousand split ends,
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์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„์—ด๋œ ๋๋‹จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:15
and that's the secret, because it allows intimate contact.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒฝ์— ์ž˜ ๋ถ™์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
The gecko has a billion of these 200-nanometer-sized split ends.
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๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์€ 200๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋๋‹จ์„ 10์–ต๊ฐœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:22
And they don't stick by glue, or they don't work like Velcro, or they don't work with suction.
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์ ์•ก์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ™๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฒจํฌ๋กœ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋‚˜ ํก์ž…๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
14:27
We discovered they work by intermolecular forces alone.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ„ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ถ™๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
So to our blueprint, we split some hairs.
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์ž ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ค๊ณ„๋„์—๋„, ํ„ธ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
14:35
This has inspired the design of the first self-cleaning dry adhesive --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ์„ธ์ฒ™ ๊ฑด์‹ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
the patent issued, we're happy to say.
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ํŠนํ—ˆ๋„ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
And here's the simplest version in nature,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฒ„์ ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
and here's my collaborator Ron Fearing's attempt
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์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ Ron Fearing์˜ ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
14:46
at an artificial version of this dry adhesive made from polyurethane.
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์ด ์ธ๊ณต ๊ฑด์‹ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
And here's the first attempt to have it work on some load.
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ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
14:54
There's enormous interest in this in a variety of different fields.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:57
You could think of a thousand possible uses, I'm sure.
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ด์š”.
15:00
Lots of people have, and we're excited about realizing this as a product.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
15:05
We have imagined products; for example, this one:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:08
we imagined a bio-inspired Band-Aid, where we took the glue off the Band-Aid.
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์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฐ˜์ฐฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ฐฝ๊ณ ์ฃ .
15:13
We took some hairs from a molting gecko;
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ํƒˆํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์—๊ฒŒ ํ„ธ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๊ณ 
15:15
put three rolls of them on here, and then made this Band-Aid.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋‘์–ด์„œ, ๋ฐ˜์ฐฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
This is an undergraduate volunteer --
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
we have 30,000 undergraduates so we can choose among them --
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3๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ฝ‘์•˜์ฃ .
15:24
that's actually just a red pen mark.
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์ €๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ถ‰์€ ํŽœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
But it makes an incredible Band-Aid.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฐ˜์ฐฝ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
15:28
It's aerated, it can be peeled off easily, it doesn't cause any irritation, it works underwater.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋„ ํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋—„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ž๊ทน๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”. ๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
I think this is an extraordinary example of how curiosity-based research --
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
15:41
we just wondered how they climbed up something --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋„๋งˆ๋ฑ€์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฒฝ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
15:43
can lead to things that you could never imagine.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ „์—๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ๋ชป ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์ฃ .
15:46
It's just an example of why we need to support curiosity-based research.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์™œ ์ง€์›ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
Here you are, pulling off the Band-Aid.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฐ˜์ฐฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋–ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
15:53
So we've redefined, now, what a foot is.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋ฐœ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€'๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •์˜๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
The question is, can we use these secrets, then,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์ฃ .
15:59
to inspire the design of a better foot, better than one that we see in nature?
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์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
16:02
Here's the new project:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ƒˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
we're trying to create the first climbing search-and-rescue robot -- no suction or magnets --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ฒฝ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ƒ‰๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํก์ž…๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์„์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ตฌ์š”.
16:10
that can only move on limited kinds of surfaces.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ๋Š” ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
16:13
I call the new robot RiSE, for "Robot in Scansorial Environment" -- that's a climbing environment --
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ RiSE๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์•Œ๋งž์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡"์ด๋ž€ ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
16:18
and we have an extraordinary team of biologists and engineers creating this robot.
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์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž์™€ ๊ณตํ•™์ž ํŒ€์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
And here is RiSE.
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์ด๊ฒŒ RiSE์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
It's six-legged and has a tail. Here it is on a fence and a tree.
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6์กฑ์— ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ด์žฅ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
16:29
And here are RiSE's first steps on an incline.
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์ด์ œ RiSE๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋‚ด๋”›์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์„ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
You have the audio? You can hear it go up.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ? ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆด๊บผ์—์š”.
16:36
And here it is coming up at you, in its first steps up a wall.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ . ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒฝ์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
Now it's only using its simplest feet here, so this is very new.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
16:47
But we think we got the dynamics right of the robot.
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์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๊ธฐ๋™์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
Mark Cutkosky, though, is taking it a step further.
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Mark Cutkosky๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•œ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
He's the one able to build this shape-deposition manufactured feet and toes.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ํ˜•์ƒ์นจ์ฐฉ์ œ์กฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
The next step is to make compliant toes,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:02
and try to add spines and claws and set it for dry adhesives.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์‹œ์™€ ๋ฐœํ†ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฑด์‹์ ‘์ฐฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
So the idea is to first get the toes and a foot right,
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋ฝ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
17:07
attempt to make that climb, and ultimately put it on the robot.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ๋ถ™์ธ ํ›„์—,๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
And that's exactly what he's done.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์ผ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
He's built, in fact, a climbing foot-bot inspired by nature.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ฑ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
And here's Cutkosky's and his amazing students' design.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด Cutkosky์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ œ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋””์ž์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
So these are tuned toes -- there are six of them,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ 6๊ฐœ์ฃ .
17:27
and they use the principles that I just talked about collectively for the blueprint.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๊นŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆด๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋ก ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
So this is not using any suction, any glue,
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์ด๊ฑด ํก์ž…๊ธฐ๋„, ์ ์•ก๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
and it will ultimately, when it's attached to the robot --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด -
17:41
it's as biologically inspired as the animal --
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
17:44
hopefully be able to climb any kind of a surface.
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์–ด๋–ค ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด๋ผ๋„ ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:49
Here you see it, next, going up the side of a building at Stanford.
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์ด์ œ ์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ๋Œ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹คํ…๋ฐ์š”.
17:54
It's sped up -- again, it's a foot climbing.
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์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด์ฃ . ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
17:57
It's not the whole robot yet, we're working on it --
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์•„์ง ์ „์ฒด ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
now you can see how it's attaching.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ™๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
18:00
These tuned structures allow the spines, friction pads and ultimately the adhesive hairs
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์ด ํŠœ๋‹๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ์™€ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘์ฐฉ ํ„ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
18:06
to grab onto very challenging, difficult surfaces.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:09
And so they were able to get this thing -- this is now sped up 20 times --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ . ์ด๊ฑด 20๋ฐฐ์† ํ™”๋ฉด์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
18:13
can you imagine it trying to go up and rescue somebody at that upper floor? OK?
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์ด ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ผ์„œ, ์œ— ์ธต์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ฃ ?
18:17
You can visualize this now; it's not impossible.
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์ด์ œ ๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ, ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:19
It's a very challenging task. But more to come later.
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๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณผ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
18:23
To finish: we've gotten design secrets from nature by looking at how feet are built.
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๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
We've learned we should distribute control to smart parts.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์—๋„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
Don't put it all in the brain,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
18:31
but put some of the control in tuned feet, legs and even body.
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๋ฐœ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ, ๋ชธ์— ํ†ต์ œ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋งก๊ฒจ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
18:35
That nature uses hybrid solutions, not a single solution, to these problems,
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
and they're integrated and beautifully robust.
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ ธ์„œ, ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์น˜ ์›๊ธฐ์™•์„ฑํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
And third, we believe strongly that we do not want to mimic nature but instead be inspired by biology,
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
and use these novel principles with the best engineering solutions that are out there
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ณตํ•™์  ํ•ด๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์›์น™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
to make -- potentially -- something better than nature.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
18:57
So there's a clear message:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:59
whether you care about a fundamental, basic research
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ , ํŠน์ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”
19:02
of really interesting, bizarre, wonderful animals,
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๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
19:05
or you want to build a search-and-rescue robot
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง€์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ํ™”์žฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”
19:06
that can help you in an earthquake, or to save someone in a fire,
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์ˆ˜์ƒ‰๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
19:09
or you care about medicine, we must preserve nature's designs.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ํ•™์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋ณด์กดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
Otherwise these secrets will be lost forever.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์˜์›ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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