Sophie Williams: The rigged test of leadership | TED

40,602 views ใƒป 2021-06-29

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yun Sojung ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
00:13
I spend most of my time talking and thinking and writing
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
์ €๋Š” ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
00:17
about women's experiences in UK and US workplaces,
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๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์ด ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ฌ๋ž์„ ๋•Œ,
00:21
particularly, Black women's experiences.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š”
00:25
And so for me, understanding the glass cliff --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
00:27
the situation that underrepresented leaders find themselves in
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด
์ •๋ง ์ œ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋œจ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
when they take on leadership positions,
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00:33
only to find that their chances of success
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
๊ทธ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
have been limited before they even begin --
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00:38
really was an eye-opener.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด
์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ฒœ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Now, I'm aware that for a lot of people,
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๊ทธ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์€
00:44
this might be the first time you're hearing about the glass cliff.
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00:47
And so I think the easiest way into the conversation
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์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์—์„œ
00:49
is by starting with the glass ceiling,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง์—…์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜
00:52
that invisible but seemingly impossible-to-break-through barrier
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์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ •์ ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ง‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
that sits above the heads of women in business
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ฒœ์žฅ๊ณผ
00:58
and stops them from reaching the absolute pinnacles
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์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ฒœ์žฅ ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
of their professional capabilities.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋šซ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
01:04
We talk a lot about the glass ceiling being there
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
and what it's like to live and to work underneath it.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
But we don't really talk about what happens to those people
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ฒœ์žฅ์„ ๋ŒํŒŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:12
who do manage to break through.
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๊ณ„์† ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:15
I feel like we maybe have this shared imagination
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”ํžˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
that if someone were able to break through the glass ceiling,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์ฃผ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ฒœ์žฅ์„ ๊นผ๋”๋ผ๋„
01:21
it would be onwards and upwards from there, the sky's the limit.
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01:25
But in reality, that's not what often happens,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
because all too often, when somebody does break through the glass ceiling,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ ๋์— ์•„์Šฌ์•„์Šฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„œ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
they find themselves in a new, dangerous position.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ํ•˜์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
They find themselves teetering on the edge of the glass cliff.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์š”.
01:44
So I'm going to talk about underrepresented people a lot in this,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
01:47
and that can mean so many different things
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์ตœ๊ณ ์œ„๊ธ‰์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
to different people in different moments and different contexts.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
์ธ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์™ธ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
But I'm talking about those people who are most underrepresented
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜์š”.
01:56
at the most senior levels of business.
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01:59
So that is women,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ฐœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
and that's racially marginalized people --
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:03
essentially, anybody who's not both white and male.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
And so the story often goes
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
that when underrepresented people take over a business,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
that business seems to start to fail.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ โ€œ๋” ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆโ€œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
And that's really strange,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‘œ์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
and if that's true, that's worth looking into.
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โ€œ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค: ๋„์›€์ธ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ฐ€?โ€
02:21
And so "The Times" newspaper did look into it.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And they released an article with the headline,
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์ตœ๊ณ ์œ„๊ธ‰์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
02:26
"Women on the Board: A Help or a Hindrance?"
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์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ํšŒ์›์ด๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๊ฐ€
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
And they said what I've just told you,
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02:32
that when women take over businesses at those most senior levels --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค
02:36
board member, CEO --
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02:38
that those businesses seem to find themselves in a moment of trouble.
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์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
And so, they concluded that women on the board were, in fact,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ์š”.
๋‹ค๋ฅธ 100๊ฐ€์ง€, ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
02:46
bad for business.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
And they were right.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ณ์•˜๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
But just in one small way.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋“ฏ์ด
02:54
In 100 other, much bigger, much more important ways,
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ํ•˜์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ์œ„์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
02:56
they were absolutely wrong.
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02:58
But we can start with where they were right.
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์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ณ๊ฒŒ ์งš์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
They were right that the research does show
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03:03
that when underrepresented people do take on those most senior roles,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค๋กœ ์ฟต์ฟต๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
03:07
that businesses do seem to be in a moment of trouble.
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์˜ค์ง ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ณ 
โ€œ์˜ค, ์ด๋Ÿฐ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑด์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด.โ€
03:12
But itโ€™s not like they want you to think --
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03:14
It's not that we've, you know, stomped our way into boardrooms,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
03:18
only to look around and think,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋“ค๋ ค์ค€ ์ ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
"Oh, God, I don't know what I'm doing here."
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03:22
It's not that at all.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ผญ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
But the reason you might think that
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๋ฐฑ์ธ๋„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
03:27
is that they haven't told you the beginning of the story.
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03:30
And the beginning of the story is what we need to understand
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
03:34
if we want to see what's stopping more people who aren't both white and male
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—‘์„œํ„ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
from being successful when they take on leadership roles.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ FTSE 100๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋ฅผ ์ž„๋ช…ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:45
So, there's a piece of research from the University of Exeter.
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์ด๋“ค ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด๋ฏธ 5๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ
์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ ์ด ์ €์กฐํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด
03:49
They looked at FTSE 100 companies,
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03:51
and when they appointed female leaders,
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ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
those businesses were much more likely than average
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๊ทธ ์ €์กฐํ•œ ์‹ค์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
to have already been in a consistent period
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‰ํŒ์˜ ์Šค์บ”๋“ค์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
of five months of poor performance.
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์ƒˆ ๋ฆฌ๋”์—๊ฒŒ ํ‰ํŒ์˜ ์†์ƒ์ด ์ „๊ฐ€๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:04
And that poor performance can look like all kinds of things.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ต์— ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
It could be a reputational scandal
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋“ ๊ฐ„์—
04:10
where the tarnish is likely to be passed on to the new leader.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ฐ€ ์ž„๋ช…๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:14
It could be a hit to market valuations or to profit.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์‹ค์  ์ €์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด
04:17
But whatever that was,
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04:18
these businesses were all much more likely than average
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ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋†’์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
to have already been in a consistent period of poor performance
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
before that new leader was appointed.
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์œ ํƒ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ •๋ง ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:32
And this isn't a single piece of research,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž„๋ช…๋งŒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
and it's not even limited to a single country.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ž„๋ช…๊ณผ ์ธ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์™ธ๋œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ž„๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Researchers at the University of Utah did a really similar thing,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํฌ์ถ˜ 500 (๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… 500๊ฐœ) ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ 15๋…„์ด ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
but they didn't just look at the appointment of women.
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04:45
They looked at the appointment of women and racially marginalized men.
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
And they looked at Fortune 500 companies over a 15-year period --
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๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€
04:53
so, a huge data set --
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์ด๋ฏธ ์‹ค์  ์ €์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€
04:56
and they found exactly the same.
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ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
Those businesses that appointed underrepresented leaders
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
were much more likely than average
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05:04
to already be in a period of poor performance.
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โ€œ์Œ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ? ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ
์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:09
So maybe you're listening to this and you're thinking, "Well, so what?
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์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€?โ€
05:14
So long as these people are getting an opportunity,
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ์„œ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
why does it matter if the businesses aren't in perfect condition
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ•˜์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ง์ฑ…์„ ๋งก์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:20
before these people arrive?"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:23
Well, one of the reasons it matters
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05:25
is the narrative that that pushes back to us.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ
05:28
If an underrepresented person takes on a role
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05:31
and their chances of being successful are limited before they even begin,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋Š”
โ€œ์Œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ฒ ์ง€.
05:35
if they do fail, if they do fall off that cliff,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
05:40
the message that we get back is:
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์•Œ๋งž์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ.โ€
05:43
"Well, of course they did.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ์ € ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
Someone like that -- that's not the right kind of person
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05:48
to run a successful business."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
And so that message compounds, and we just internalize it.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
05:56
So I think all of this logically leads us to two questions,
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์™œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€
๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฐ€?
06:01
the first of which is:
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06:03
Why is this happening?
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06:05
Why are businesses that are in trouble
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:08
more likely to appoint an underrepresented leader?
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์–‘์œก์ž๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
06:13
Well, it could be that, in patriarchal societies,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:17
women are viewed as caregivers, as nurturers,
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:20
and so research has shown that when a business is in trouble,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ธ์‹์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค๊ณผ
06:24
women are often appointed to lead,
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๊ทธ ์ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ
06:26
not for their ability to make transformational change,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
but because of their perceived soft skills,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
06:33
for their ability to reengage that workforce
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:36
and to get them back motivated again.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด
06:40
But importantly,
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06:41
because she's not hired for her ability to make transformational change,
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์ž์ฃผ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
06:46
research shows that she's often not given the tools or the time necessary
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์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
06:51
to make that change.
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์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:53
And so her chances of falling off that cliff
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06:56
are increased before she even begins
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ํœด์Šคํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ
06:58
because of the limitations of the imaginations
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด ์•ค๋”์Šจ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
07:01
of the people who have brought her in.
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๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋” ์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ชจ์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:05
The second reason, to paraphrase Kristin Anderson,
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07:08
who's a psychology professor at the University of Houston,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ํฌ์ƒ์–‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
is that in business, women might be seen as more disposable, more expendable,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด
์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์œˆ์œˆํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
and that means they make really good scapegoats.
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07:21
In that case, if your business isn't doing well,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ๊ทธ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
bringing in a female leader could be a real win-win scenario.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:30
If she comes in and is able to make that transformational change, then great,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ํƒ“ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚˜์„œ
07:34
your business is transformed.
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07:36
But if she's not,
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์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์ณ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
all of the blame is able to be put onto her shoulders,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
๋ฐฑ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
and she's able to get pushed out of the business,
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07:44
pushed over that cliff.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ โ€œ๊ตฌ์„ธ์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผโ€œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์›€์ง์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
Importantly, the research then shows
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์„ธ์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ, ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋“ค, ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค, ์ง์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:49
that she's more likely than not to be replaced by a white man,
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์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์†์— ๋Œ์•„์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
a move known as the "savior effect."
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07:55
And that savior effect signals to us, to shareholders, investors, employees,
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ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์†๋“ค์€
08:00
that the business is back in a safe pair of hands.
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
Itโ€™s back to business as usual.
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08:07
And really importantly, that new white male safe pair of hands
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ํ•˜์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
08:11
is more likely to be given both the tools and the time necessary
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ธ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์™ธ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
08:15
to succeed where the underrepresented person has failed.
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ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
So up until now, we've been talking about what happens
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ œ ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
when you are a racially marginalized person
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์„ ์œผ๋กœ
08:29
or a woman.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ์™ธ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
08:32
But as I said, the majority of my work looks at Black women.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
08:36
So what happens when we do take that more intersectional look,
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์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
when we think about the experiences of people
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08:42
with not just one but two marginalized identities?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์œ„์ง์„ ๋งก๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:47
As you might imagine, it's not the best story.
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์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ํšŒ์›์ด๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ„ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ์—†์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
If a new Black woman takes over the most senior role in the business --
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
board member, CEO --
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08:57
we can safely assume two things.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„
09:00
The first thing that we can assume, as we've discussed,
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09:03
is the business might not be in great shape.
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํŒ€์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
And the second thing that we can assume
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด์ฃ .
09:08
is that she's likely to be managing a large team of white men,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 2019๋…„์—
๋ฆฐ ์ธ ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์—์„œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์‹ ์ž…์‚ฌ์› ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜
09:12
that leadership layer just below her,
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09:14
her closest cohort.
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์•ฝ 30%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
And we can assume that because in 2019,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ C-suite (ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด ์ž„์›๊ธ‰ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž)์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
09:19
the Lean In Foundation reported that white men make up about 30 percent
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๊ทธ ๋น„์œจ์€ 68%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
of that entry-level junior cohort.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ์—ฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋Š”
09:27
But by the time we get to the C-suite,
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09:29
that's actually ballooned up to 68 percent.
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
09:33
That means white men are the only group whose representation grows
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ฒœ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
as they become more senior.
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์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
09:40
Or, to put it a different way:
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09:42
they're the only group who experienced the opposite of the glass ceiling.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์œ„์ธต์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ๋ฐ–์— ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
Instead of looking up and not being able to see themselves reflected back at all,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ์‚ฌ์ธ
ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
they look up and see nothing but themselves at the most senior levels.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ
09:58
That is, of course, until they don't,
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10:00
until they have a new boss who's somebody like a Black woman.
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๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
10:05
And the reason this matters is there's research from the University of Texas
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ
10:09
and the University of Michigan,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด
10:11
and they looked at what happens to that group of men
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
who are so used to seeing themselves directly mirrored back
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
when they get a new boss who doesn't mirror
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:21
both their whiteness and their maleness.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ ,
10:24
And what they found was amazing.
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10:26
They found that as soon as they get a boss
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:28
who doesn't directly mirror them in both of those ways,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์— ๋œ ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
they report feeling less personally connected to the business,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ•˜๋๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
10:35
less able to personally identify with it
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์„ ๋” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
and less personally invested in it.
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
And that means that their work performance suffered;
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10:44
they did worse at their jobs.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํŒ€์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ˆ˜์„ ํŒ€์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Now, if a business is already in trouble,
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10:50
even the greatest leader is not going to solve it single-handedly.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ท„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ ๋์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ์•„๋„ฃ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
She needs her team, particularly her senior team.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:59
And so if they've stopped doing their jobs properly,
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11:01
all they're doing is continuing to push her towards the edge of that cliff.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ท„๊ณ ,
11:07
The second thing that same piece of research found was that
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํŒ€์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฑ™๊ฒจ์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
11:12
they stopped doing a really important part of any manager's job,
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๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ , ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
and that's managing their teams.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋˜ ์ผ์„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
They stopped developing, mentoring,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ณ , ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ , ํŒ€์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ธ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์™ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
11:21
working with the people who was their job to take care of.
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๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฉˆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
But they didn't stop doing that equally.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ฒ˜์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
No, they mostly stopped helping, working with, developing
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11:31
anyone in that team who was also racially marginalized.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๋์ž๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:35
And so in that way, the glass cliff bites twice.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋“ค์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณด๋ณ‘๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
11:40
We're not only pushing the existing leader closer to the edge of their cliff,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์›, ์ง€๋„, ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
we're stopping what could be this new cohort of underrepresented leaders
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
11:48
from coming up,
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11:49
because we're not giving them the same support, guidance, mentorship, development
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
that the rest of their colleagues are getting.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€œ์Œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์ž์„ ๋‹จ์ฒด, ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
11:59
So I'm telling you this because I want you to be a part of making this change.
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์œ ๋ฆฌ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ณณ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด.โ€
12:04
And that might sound impossible.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
12:06
You might be thinking,
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12:07
"Well, I can't change businesses or charities, governments,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ฌด์—‡๋„ ์ง„์งœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
any of the places where we see the glass cliff playing out."
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12:14
But -- and stay with me for a second --
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๊ธฐ์—…, ์ •๋ถ€, ์ž์„ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
๊ทธ์ € ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
you can, because none of those things are real.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ด๊ณ ,
12:22
Businesses, government, charities -- all of these things
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12:25
are just groups of people who've come together to do something.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์ธ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
And we're a group of people who have come together to do something,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
12:33
and so we can make that change.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:37
We can look at our own conscious and unconscious biases,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ
12:40
and we can decide that we see the value in all people all of the time,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
not just some people,
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์•ˆ์ ค๋ผ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด
12:47
when we have a problem that they might be able to solve,
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โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
or something that we might be able to blame them for.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
So, as Angela Davis says,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ 
12:56
we have to โ€œ... act as though [itโ€™s possible to change] the world.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๋„ํŠธ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
12:59
And you have to do it all of the time."
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13:01
And so that's what I'm asking you to do.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
I'm asking you to look at yourself
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
and to decide that you are not going to be part of pushing anybody else
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
closer towards the edge of their own cliff.
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13:13
And I want you to know that I'm going to be right alongside you,
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13:17
trying to do the same.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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