How to use UNLESS in spoken English: Advanced English Lesson

184,881 views ・ 2019-11-15

Speak English With Vanessa


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Hi, I'm Vanessa from SpeakEnglishWithVanessa.com.
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Do you know how to use the word unless?
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Let's talk about it.
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Are there any words in English that you think, "I understand it when she says it, but I just
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can't use it."
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Maybe one of those words is the word unless.
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If it's difficult for you to naturally use the word unless, this lesson is definitely
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for you.
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I like to call the word unless a lynch pin word.
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These are two lynch pins.
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If you take out that pin, it's bad news for your machine, it's not going to work, it's
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probably going to fall apart.
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The word unless is a lynch pin word in your sentence.
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If you take out that word, your sentence doesn't have much meaning.
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Your sentence kind of falls apart, so you need to know how to use it accurately.
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Native English speakers use lynch pin words all the time.
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Words like happen, actually, unless, though.
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If you'd like to learn how to use some more of these lynch pin words, you can check out
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the videos I made up here featuring those words.
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It's your lucky day.
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All right, let's get started on how to use the word unless.
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Imagine this wonderful scenario.
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I've invited you to come over to my house for dinner at 6:00 PM.
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I'm going to make one of my favorite winter soups because it's a chilly day.
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It's a great day to eat soup, and you're really excited.
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Nothing is going to stop you from coming.
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Well, except what might stop you from coming to dinner at my house?
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Think about this.
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You might say, "I'll come over to your house unless I get sick."
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Maybe at the last minute, all of a sudden you get sick, and you call me and say, "Oh,
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I'm sorry I can't come."
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Okay, that's an unusual scenario.
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Hopefully that won't happen at the last second, but this is an exception.
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You think, "Nothing is stopping me from having dinner at Vanessa's house.
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I am going to come no matter what.
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Well, there is an exception, unless I get sick."
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We could also reverse that sentence and say, "Unless I get sick, I'll come over to your
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house for dinner."
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We can put it at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence.
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This exception can be moved.
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Today we're going to look at some positive sentences, some famous quotes that use unless,
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some negative sentences and some questions.
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Do you think that we can use the word unless in a question?
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You'll have to wait till the end of this lesson to find out.
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Let's start with some positive sentences.
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Have you ever been on a blind date?
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I haven't, but I have some friends who have been on dates with people who they met online,
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which is pretty common nowadays.
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Usually you can tolerate a two hour dinner with pretty much anyone.
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You can have a conversation even if it's not the most amazing experience, but let's imagine
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that one of your friends is extremely picky.
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Your friend might say to you, "I'm going to leave the date unless he has a Ferrari.
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It doesn't matter if he's nice, friendly, kind, handsome.
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Nope.
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Only if he has a Ferrari will I stay."
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Your friend is kind of planning in advance to leave the date unless he has a Ferrari.
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That's kind of a crazy example, but you get the idea.
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A couple of months ago, I started to volunteer in an organization called the Free Forest
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School.
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If you live in the US and you have kids, you should check it out.
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Check it out online to see if there's a branch near you.
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It's a lot of fun.
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The basic idea is that, kids and parents go to nature and have free play for a couple
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hours.
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It's just a chance to be in nature.
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The kids can play together and build their sense of curiosity and independence, but there
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is an exception.
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We need to go if it's raining, if the sun is shining, if it's snowing, but we also have
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some fair rules.
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One of those is, we'll meet up unless it's negative 10 degrees.
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We just decided that this is too cold and especially in the area where we're from, this
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isn't typical weather, so a lot of people don't have the right clothes for that kind
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of weather.
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If it's negative 10 degrees, we will cancel our meetup.
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This is really unusual.
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This is an exception, so we could say, "We will meet up unless it's negative 10 degrees."
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Do you love studying English?
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Will nothing stop you from continuing to study English?
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Well, I bet there's one thing that will stop you.
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You might say, "I will continue studying English unless the world ends."
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If the world ends, we'll have more problems than finding time to study English, right,
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so this is the exception.
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I will continue studying English forever.
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There's an exception, unless the world ends, that's the exception.
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Now, let's take a look at a couple of famous quotes using our lynch pin word unless.
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The first quote is by Albert Einstein and he says, "Nothing will end war unless the
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people themselves refuse to go to war."
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He's saying that war will always continue.
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Nothing will stop war, but there is an exception, unless the people themselves refuse to go
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to war.
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If there are no soldiers, there will be no war.
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This is kind of an idealistic phrase, but it's quite deep and insightful.
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He's kind of putting the responsibility on the people to stop war, instead of putting
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that responsibility on the politicians.
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If this is a interesting idea to you, I recommend listening to the song Universal Soldier.
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This is an older song and there's a great cover by Donovan on YouTube.
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You can check it out and listen to this great song talking about peace in the world.
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The next quote is by Dale Carnegie, a great motivational writer.
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He said, "People rarely succeed unless they have fun in what they're doing."
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Here the rule is all people rarely succeed.
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It's unusual for people to succeed, but the exception is, when you have fun with what
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you're doing, you will succeed.
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I'm curious if you agree with this idea.
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If you don't enjoy learning English, can you succeed?
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Can you reach your goals of passing an exam or speaking confidently or understanding movies?
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Do you agree that you need to enjoy what you're learning in order to succeed?
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Let me know.
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The next quote is by Dr. Seuss, who is a well loved children's book author.
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In one of his books, his character, the Lorax says this quote.
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The Lorax says, "Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get
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better, it's not."
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You see that he used unless at the beginning, that's fine.
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It's a little less common in casual conversation, but this is a quote from a book character.
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What does this mean?
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Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot.
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He's putting responsibility on us.
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Each individual has the responsibility to care about problems in the world.
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When we care individually, then changes will happen, but if we don't care, nothing's going
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to change.
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Nothing's going to get better, so we need to care.
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We need to take action.
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It's our choice.
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It's up to us.
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This is difficult, but it's good motivation.
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All right, let's move on to some negative sentences.
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Each of these sentences has the word not in it.
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"You can't improve unless you study," so you need to study.
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The first half of this sentence is negative and the second half is positive.
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"You can't improve unless you study."
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The first half is negative, you can't, and the second half is the goal, the motivation.
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You need to do this unless you study, so you should study.
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"I wouldn't eat bugs unless I had to."
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In what situation would you eat bugs?
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Have you ever eaten bugs before?
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Maybe if you were starving, if you had no other food.
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This sentence is saying, the only situation in which I would eat bugs is an absolute necessity,
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if I had to.
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You can say, "I wouldn't eat bugs, well there is an exception unless I had to."
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The end of this sentence is kind of cutoff.
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You could say, "I wouldn't eat bugs unless I had to eat bugs," but we don't need to repeat
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eat bugs, so we can just cut off that last part and say, "Unless I had to," unless it
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was an absolute necessity.
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My son won't go to sleep unless I tell him a story or two stories or three stories or
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four stories.
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Before my son goes to bed, he needs for me to tell him a story or for my husband, Dan,
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to tell him a story.
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This is a requirement for sleeping for him.
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At the beginning we have a negative part, my son won't go to sleep.
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Well there's an exception unless I tell him a story.
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I need to tell him a story for him to go to sleep.
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Now let's go onto the question form.
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Can you use the word unless in a question?
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Take a look at this question and see how you feel about it.
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Can you say, "Will you meet up unless it's minus 10 degrees?
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Will you meet up unless it's minus 10 degrees?"
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Not really.
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This is not used.
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Instead, when you're asking a question, you need to use another expression that means
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the same thing as unless.
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For questions we need to use if plus not to make it a more natural sentence.
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Let's take a look at a couple of examples so that you can see the question and then
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you can see the answer form.
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"Will you meet up if it's not minus 10 degrees?
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If it's not minus 10 degrees?"
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This is great.
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When you're asking a question we're going to use if and not.
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"Will you meet up if it's not minus 10 degrees?"
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"Yes."
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You can answer this question in two different ways.
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You could just repeat that same sentence structure.
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"Yes, we will meet up if it's not minus 10 degrees."
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You can use that exact same sentence structure, but if you want to use our keyword today,
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unless, you could say, "We will meet up unless it's minus 10 degrees."
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You've got some options for answers, but for the question you need to use if plus not.
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Let's look at a couple others.
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"Would you eat bugs if you didn't have to?"
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Here we're using if plus not and not is actually part of a contraction.
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Did plus not becomes didn't, so you might ask, "Would you eat bugs if you didn't have
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to like just for fun?"
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Well you could say, "No, I wouldn't eat bugs if I didn't have to."
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Okay, you're using that same sentence construction or you can use the word unless and say, "I
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wouldn't eat bugs unless I had to."
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Or what about this question?
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"Will you keep studying English if the world doesn't end?
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If the world doesn't," that's using not here, "end?
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Will you keep studying English if the world doesn't end?"
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"Yeah, I'll keep studying English if the world doesn't end," so same sentence construction.
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You're just mirroring what was in the question.
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Or you could use the word unless and say, "I will keep studying English unless the world
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ends."
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Is this true for you?
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Let me know in the comments.
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Let's do a quick review so that you can practice these sentences with me.
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I want you to say these sentences out loud to train your pronunciation muscles to practice
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speaking.
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Also to help you remember how to use the word unless naturally.
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Are you ready to speak out loud with me?
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Let's do it.
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"I'll come over to your house unless I get sick.
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I'll keep studying English unless the world ends.
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People rarely succeed unless they have fun in what they're doing.
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You can't improve unless you study.
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I wouldn't eat bugs unless I had to.
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Will you meet up if it's not minus 10 degrees?
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Would you eat bugs if you didn't have to?"
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Great practice, and now I have a question for you.
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Imagine that your friend says, "It's so cool that you're learning English.
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I want to try to, what should I do to improve my English skills?"
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Well, you need to give them some good advice about improving their English, so I want you
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to finish this sentence.
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You won't improve your English unless you practice every day, listen to real English
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material.
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What's some advice that you would give to your friend?
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Write a comment below answering this question and finishing the sentence as naturally as
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possible.
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Thank you so much for learning English with me, and I'll see you again next Friday for
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a new lesson here on my YouTube channel, unless the world ends.
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Talk to you later, bye.
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The next step is to download my free ebook, Five Steps to Becoming a Confident English
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Speaker.
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You'll learn what you need to do to speak confidently and fluently.
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Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel for more free lessons.
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Thanks so much.
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Bye.
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