Less vs Fewer in English [Advanced English Grammar]

28,981 views ・ 2020-12-02

Speak Confident English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hey, it's Annemarie with Speak Confident English.
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Speak Confident English의 Annemarieμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:02
This is exactly where you want to be every week to get the confidence you want
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이것은 당신이
00:07
for your life and work in English. As I often tell my students,
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μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ μ‚Άκ³Ό 일에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ›ν•˜λŠ” μžμ‹ κ°μ„ μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 맀주 κ°€κ³  싢은 κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ œκ°€ 제 ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 자주 λ§ν–ˆλ“―μ΄, μ˜μ–΄ μ‹€λ ₯을
00:11
when you begin to advance your English skills,
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ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•  λ•Œ
00:14
it's important to also fine tune the little things.
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μž‘μ€ 것듀도 λ―Έμ„Έν•˜κ²Œ μ‘°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
To fine-tune something means to make small changes or adjustments
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무언가λ₯Ό λ―Έμ„Έ μ‘°μ •ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것은 무언가λ₯Ό κ°œμ„ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ•½κ°„μ˜ λ³€κ²½μ΄λ‚˜ 쑰정을 ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:23
in order to improve or to do something exactly right.
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.
00:27
And that's exactly what we want to do with your English grammar skills today.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 였늘 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ˜μ–΄ 문법 μ‹€λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
We're going to fine tune your ability to use two commonly confused
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 일반적으둜 ν˜Όλ™λ˜λŠ” 두
00:36
words in English: less and fewer.
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단어인 less와 lessλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ―Έμ„Έ μ‘°μ •ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
Less and fewer both mean the opposite of the word more.
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Less와 LessλŠ” 단어 more의 λ°˜λŒ€λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
Because of their similar meaning and the fact that they're used in similar ways,
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ˜λ―Έμ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:49
the result is that they are easily confused and it increases the likelihood of
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결과적으둜 ν˜Όλ™ν•˜κΈ° 쉽고 μ‹€μˆ˜ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 λ†’μ•„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
00:54
making mistakes when using them, for example, in this sentence,
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이 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ
00:58
which word should I use?
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μ–΄λ–€ 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?
01:00
I know you want to make less or fewer mistakes in English.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 당신이 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό 덜 ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
If you're not sure, you definitely will be sure by the end of this lesson today.
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ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄ 였늘 이 μˆ˜μ—…μ΄ 끝날 λ•Œμ―€μ΄λ©΄ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ μ•Œκ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
In today's Confident English lesson, we're going to do three things. Number one,
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였늘 Confident English μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„Έ 가지λ₯Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 첫 번째둜,
01:14
you're going to learn a general rule of thumb to follow for deciding whether to
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01:19
use less or fewer.
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더 적게 μ‚¬μš©ν• μ§€ 더 적게 μ‚¬μš©ν• μ§€ κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 따라야 ν•  일반적인 κ²½ν—˜ 법칙을 배우게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
Then you're going to learn four important exceptions to that rule.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ ν•΄λ‹Ή κ·œμΉ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ„€ 가지 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ˜ˆμ™Έλ₯Ό 배우게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 도움이 될 λ§Œν•œ
01:27
And I'll give you some examples to help. And then finally,
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό λ“€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ
01:30
we're going to end with some tips for you to not only learn how to use less and
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less and lessλ₯Ό μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 λ°°μš°λŠ” κ²ƒλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ λŒ€ν™”ν•  λ•Œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ
01:35
fewer, correctly,
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01:36
but also remember it and use it automatically without thinking when you're
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κ³  μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 팁으둜 λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:41
having conversations in English. So be sure to stick with me to the end.
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. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ λκΉŒμ§€ 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
01:58
To get started.
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μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ €λ©΄. less와 lessλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ— λŒ€ν•œ
01:59
Let's begin with our commonly taught rule or a general rule of thumb
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일반적으둜 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” κ·œμΉ™ λ˜λŠ” 일반적인 κ²½ν—˜ 법칙뢀터 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:03
for when to use less versus fewer.
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.
02:06
Understanding this particular rule also requires an
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이 νŠΉμ • κ·œμΉ™μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄
02:10
understanding of count versus non count nouns.
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μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사 와 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사λ₯Ό 이해해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
Think back to when you first started to learn English,
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처음 μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό 배우기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œλ₯Ό 생각해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
02:18
do you remember some examples of count versus non count nouns?
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κ°€μ‚° λͺ…사와 λΆˆκ°€μ‚° λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ 예λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:22
A count noun of course, is something that I can count.
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λ¬Όλ‘  μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” λ‚΄κ°€ μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
For example, one pen, two pens,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 펜 ν•˜λ‚˜, 펜 두 개,
02:30
and three pens. When we have more than one of something,
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펜 μ„Έ κ°œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 무언가가 λ‘˜ 이상일 λ•Œ
02:34
we add an -S to indicate that it's plural and we can count it.
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-Sλ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μž„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³  μ…€ 수 μžˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
But with words like information, water,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 정보, λ¬Ό, 우유 μ‘°μ–Έκ³Ό 같은 λ‹¨μ–΄λ‘œλŠ”
02:42
milk advice, we can't count them.
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μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
And what that means is I can't say something like I have two
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이것이 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ” 두 가지 정보가 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 말할 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:50
informations for you. That just doesn't work for us in English.
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. 그것은 μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
Instead, when I talk about a word like information, I can say,
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λŒ€μ‹  μ •λ³΄λΌλŠ” 단어에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ
03:00
I have some important information for you or I have two
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 정보가 λͺ‡ 가지 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜λŠ”
03:05
pieces of important information for you.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 정보 두 가지가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
In that second example I can use the number two,
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두 번째 μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” 숫자 2λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
because I've added those words pieces of,
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μ‘°κ°μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν–ˆκ³ 
03:16
and the word piece is a countable noun.
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단어 쑰각은 μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
I can have one piece of information, two pieces, three pieces, and so on.
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ν•œ 가지 정보, 두 가지, μ„Έ 가지 등등을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ μ—°μŠ΅ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
03:25
If you want to see an extended list of common count and non count
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일반 λͺ…사 및 비가사 λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ ν™•μž₯된 λͺ©λ‘μ„ 보렀면
03:30
nouns that you can practice with in English,
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03:33
I have those available for you in my online lesson at the Speak Confident
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Speak Confident
03:37
English website.
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English μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ˜ 온라인 μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ™μ˜μƒ μ•„λž˜μ˜ λ©”λͺ¨μ—
03:39
I'll share a link directly to that lesson in the notes below the video.
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ν•΄λ‹Ή κ°•μ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 링크λ₯Ό 직접 κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:43
But now that we have our general understanding of count versus non count
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이제 μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사와 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사에 λŒ€ν•œ 일반적인 이해가 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ
03:47
nouns,
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03:48
let's talk about the rule of thumb that we have for when you should use
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03:53
less versus fewer in English. In short,
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μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ less와 lessλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²½ν—˜ 법칙에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. μš”μ»¨λŒ€,
03:57
fewer is used with count nouns and less is used with noncount nouns,
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lessλŠ” κ°€μ‚° λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  lessλŠ” κ°€μ‚° λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ§€λ§Œ
04:01
but let's take a look at some examples to clarify that rule and make sure that
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³  ν•΄λ‹Ή κ·œμΉ™μ„ λͺ…ν™•νžˆ ν•˜κ³ 
04:06
you're using these words correctly. When you communicate in English,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 단어λ₯Ό μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ„ ν•  λ•Œ
04:09
here are three common count nouns in English, tourists,
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μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ ν”νžˆ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” κ°€μ‚° λͺ…사 μ„Έ 가지, tourist,
04:14
cars, and mistakes. Again,
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car, 그리고 μ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
04:17
notice I'm using the -S to make those words, plural,
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-Sλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν•΄λ‹Ή 단어λ₯Ό λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
04:21
and here are three example sentences highlighting how we use
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그리고 여기에
04:25
fewer with those count nouns. 1. During the winter months,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 카운트 λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ lessλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” μ„Έ 가지 예문이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 1. κ²¨μšΈμ² μ—λŠ”
04:30
there are fewer tourists here in DC. 2.
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μ—¬κΈ° DC에 관광객이 μ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 2.
04:33
With improved public transportation options, there are fewer cars on the road,
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κ°œμ„ λœ λŒ€μ€‘ ꡐ톡 μ˜΅μ…˜μœΌλ‘œ 인해 λ„λ‘œμ— μ°¨λŸ‰μ΄ 쀄어듀고
04:38
and that definitely means less traffic as well. 3.
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μ΄λŠ” ν™•μ‹€νžˆ κ΅ν†΅λŸ‰λ„ κ°μ†Œν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 3. μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ
04:42
Understanding how we use less and fewer in English correctly will result in
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less and lessλ₯Ό μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ©΄
04:47
fewer mistakes. Now that we have our examples with count nouns,
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μ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ μ€„μ–΄λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 κ°€μ‚° λͺ…사에 λŒ€ν•œ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆ, κ°€μ‚° λͺ…사에 lessλ₯Ό
04:51
let's look at how we use less with noncount nouns.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:54
And here are three common examples. We're going to use the words, light,
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그리고 여기에 μ„Έ 가지 일반적인 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΉ›,
04:59
salt, and stress. The winter months,
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μ†ŒκΈˆ, μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ²¨μšΈμ² μ€
05:03
at least for me are really tough because there is less sunlight and the
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햇빛이 적고
05:08
nights are much longer. The doctor said he needs to eat less salt.
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밀이 훨씬 더 κΈΈκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 적어도 μ €μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 정말 νž˜λ“  μ‹œκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” κ·Έκ°€ μ†ŒκΈˆμ„ 덜 λ¨Ήμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.
05:13
In an effort to have less stress in my life,
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λ‚΄ μΈμƒμ—μ„œ 슀트레슀λ₯Ό 덜 λ°›κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
05:15
I'm developing a meditation practice.
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λͺ…상 μˆ˜λ ¨μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 일반 κ·œμΉ™μ˜ μ˜ˆμ™Έμ—
05:19
Before we go on to talking about the exceptions to that general rule,
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λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° 전에 λ¨Όμ €
05:24
I want you to practice.
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μ—°μŠ΅ν•΄ λ³΄μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
I've given you six common count and noncount nouns.
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6개의 일반 κ°€μ‚° λͺ…사와 λΆˆκ°€μ‚° λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ•Œλ € λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
Use those same words and try creating your own example sentences.
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같은 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ μ˜ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
05:33
Using the words less and fewer.
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less and lessλΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
You can share your examples with me in the comments section below.
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μ•„λž˜ λŒ“κΈ€ μ„Ήμ…˜μ—μ„œ μ˜ˆμ‹œλ₯Ό λ‚˜μ™€ κ³΅μœ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
And now let's talk about those exceptions. Of course,
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이제 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ˜ˆμ™Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Όλ‘ 
05:44
there are exceptions to this rule on using less versus fewer in English.
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μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ less와 lessλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ 이 κ·œμΉ™μ—λŠ” μ˜ˆμ™Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
We love breaking our own rules.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리 μžμ‹ μ˜ κ·œμΉ™μ„ μ–΄κΈ°λŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
And I know that that sometimes makes learning the language frustrating,
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그리고 그것이 λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μ–Έμ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ„ μ’Œμ ˆν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
but it also keeps you on your toes and makes the language kind of fun,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그것은 λ˜ν•œ 당신을 κΈ΄μž₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ³  μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό 재미있게 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:01
right? Thankfully, when it comes to these exceptions,
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. κ³ λ§™κ²Œλ„ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ˜ˆμ™Έμ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν• 
06:04
there are four general categories to remember.
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λ„€ 가지 일반적인 λ²”μ£Όκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
When we use nouns related to distance, money, time,
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거리, 돈, μ‹œκ°„,
06:13
or weight or statistical information,
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무게 λ˜λŠ” 톡계 정보와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ
06:16
we use less. Even if the noun is countable.
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lessλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ…사가 μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
For example, if I'm talking about distance,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 거리에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 경우
06:23
I might be talking about miles or kilometers or meters.
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마일, ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„° λ˜λŠ” 미터에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
All of those are countable,
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그것듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ μ…€ 수
06:28
but more likely to use the word less to illustrate all of this.
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 이 λͺ¨λ“  것을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ lessλΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 더 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
I have six examples sentences to help you.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 당신을 돕기 μœ„ν•΄ 6개의 μ˜ˆλ¬Έμ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
Number one is the perfect answer to anytime one of your kids asks you,
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1λ²ˆμ€ μžλ…€ 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…이 "
06:41
are we there yet? When that happens,
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아직 κ±°κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ μ™”λ‚˜μš”?"라고 λ¬»λŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ™„λ²½ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그런 일이 λ°œμƒν•˜λ©΄ 20km도 남지
06:43
you can say we have less than 20 kilometers to go.
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μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€κ³  말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:47
We're almost there. Number two. Oh my gosh.
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거의 λ‹€ μ™”μ–΄. 두 번째. 이런.
06:50
We can get tickets to Rome for less than a hundred dollars.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 100λ‹¬λŸ¬ 미만으둜 λ‘œλ§ˆν–‰ ν‘œλ₯Ό μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:55
The price of milk is $2 less at the other grocery store,.we
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우유 가격은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹λ£Œν’ˆμ μ—μ„œ $2 더 μ €λ ΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
07:00
have less than 48 hours to get this project finished.
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이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ™„λ£Œν•˜λŠ” 데 48μ‹œκ°„λ„ 채 남지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:04
He weighs three kilos less than he did a few months ago after starting a new
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κ·ΈλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μš΄λ™ 루틴을 μ‹œμž‘ν•œ ν›„ λͺ‡ 달 전보닀 체쀑이 3kg μ€„μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:09
workout routine. And our last example,
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. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λ²€νŠΈμ—
07:12
there were less than 20 people at the event. All right,
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20λͺ… 미만이 μ°Έμ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 자,
07:15
now you have the general rule of thumb to follow for when to use
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이제 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ lessλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œμ™€ lessλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ 따라야 ν•  일반적인 κ²½ν—˜ 법칙이 생겼고
07:20
less versus fewer in English and you have our four exceptions.
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λ„€ 가지 μ˜ˆμ™Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
So now let's talk about how can you actually remember all of this
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이제 μ˜μ–΄ λŒ€ν™”μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이 λͺ¨λ“  것을 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κΈ°μ–΅ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:30
in your English conversations,
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.
07:32
so you don't have to think and stress or worry about it every time you're
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜μ‚¬ μ†Œν†΅μ„ ν•  λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  슀트레슀λ₯Ό λ°›κ±°λ‚˜ κ±±μ •ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:36
communicating. A few months ago,
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. λͺ‡ 달 μ „,
07:39
I did a lesson on how to master your skills and develop what we call muscle
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ§ˆμŠ€ν„°ν•˜κ³  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 근윑
07:44
memory or automaticity.
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κΈ°μ–΅ λ˜λŠ” μžλ™μ„±μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 것을 κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
Automaticity is the ability to do something without thinking
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μžλ™μ„±μ€ 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  무언가λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:51
about it. You just do it automatically.
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. μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
For all of us using another language, that is definitely the goal.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ 그것은 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ λͺ©ν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
When it comes to using vocabulary and grammar or pronunciation,
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μ–΄νœ˜ 와 문법 λ˜λŠ” λ°œμŒμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ
08:02
we want to do it in the same way that we do with our native language.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨κ΅­μ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것과 같은 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:06
We want it to be natural.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것이 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:09
All of that is possible in the second language,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 제 2μ™Έκ΅­μ–΄λ‘œ κ°€λŠ₯
08:12
but it does take time, focused practice,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό 집쀑 μ—°μŠ΅,
08:16
and repetition. So how can you do that with this lesson?
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반볡이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 이 μˆ˜μ—…μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
08:21
If you've been following me for awhile,
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ν•œλ™μ•ˆ μ €λ₯Ό λ”°λΌμ˜€μ…¨λ‹€λ©΄,
08:23
you know that when I teach new vocabulary,
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μ œκ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ–΄νœ˜λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  λ•Œ
08:25
I always recommend that you identify a small list of new phrases,
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항상 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ꡬ, ν‘œν˜„ λ˜λŠ” μ—°μ–΄μ˜ μž‘μ€ λͺ©λ‘μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ—¬
08:30
expressions, or collocations to practice again and again and again,
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08:35
throughout a week, or even up to 10 days.
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일주일 λ‚΄λ‚΄, λ˜λŠ” 심지어 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ—°μŠ΅ν•  것을 ꢌμž₯ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  계싀 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΅œλŒ€ 10일.
08:39
Doing that gives you focused practice on the same words and the
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ™μΌν•œ 단어에 μ§‘μ€‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜κ³ 
08:43
repetition you need to help those words become automatic when you use
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ν•΄λ‹Ή 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ ν•΄λ‹Ή 단어λ₯Ό μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데 ν•„μš”ν•œ λ°˜λ³΅μ„ 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:48
them. The same is true with grammar.
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. 문법도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
If you've developed a daily English habit,
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맀일
08:54
focusing on practicing a specific skill for five, 10,
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5λΆ„, 10λΆ„
08:58
or maybe 15 minutes a day,
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λ˜λŠ” 15λΆ„ λ™μ•ˆ νŠΉμ • κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λŠ” 일상적인 μ˜μ–΄ μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ κ°œλ°œν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
09:01
take the next week to focus on this one area
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λ‹€μŒ μ£Όμ—λŠ” 맀일 이 ν•œ μ˜μ—­μ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  점점
09:05
every day, practice using fewer and less.
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더 적게 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
09:09
And give yourself the opportunity to repeat,
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그리고
09:13
to build that muscle memory with your language skills.
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄ λŠ₯λ ₯으둜 κ·Έ 근윑 기얡을 κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ°˜λ³΅ν•  기회λ₯Ό μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
09:16
A great way to do that is to visit the online lesson at the Speak Confident
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κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법은 Speak Confident
09:21
English website. In that lesson,
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English μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ—μ„œ 온라인 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ,
09:23
I have a list of common count and noncount nouns,
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λ‚˜λŠ” 일반 κ°€μ‚° λͺ…사와 λΉ„κ°€μ‚° λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ λͺ©λ‘μ„ 가지고 있고,
09:27
and you can use those to practice using less or fewer.
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그것듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ less λ˜λŠ” lessλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ—°μŠ΅μ„ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
I also have a list of words that belong in those exception categories.
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λ˜ν•œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ˜ˆμ™Έ 범주에 μ†ν•˜λŠ” 단어 λͺ©λ‘λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:37
And again,
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09:37
you can practice using the word less with those nouns in your own example,
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그리고 λ‹€μ‹œ, μžμ‹ μ˜ 예문, λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ ν•΄λ‹Ή λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜
lessλΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ—°μŠ΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:42
sentences,
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09:43
doing that consistently for a week gives you the time focused
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일주일 λ™μ•ˆ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ μ‹œκ°„ 집쀑
09:48
practice and repetition.
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μ—°μŠ΅κ³Ό 반볡이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:50
You need to use these words less and fewer
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당신은 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 κ±±μ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ˜μ–΄ λŒ€ν™”μ™€ κΈ€μ“°κΈ°μ—μ„œ 이 단어듀을 점점 더 μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:55
correctly in your English conversation and writing without thinking
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10:00
about it or worrying about it too much. And that is always our goal.
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. 그리고 그것은 항상 우리의 λͺ©ν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:05
If you found today's lesson useful to you, I would love to know.
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였늘의 μˆ˜μ—…μ΄ 도움이 λœλ‹€λ©΄ μ•Œκ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
And you can tell me in a few simple ways, number one,
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그리고 λͺ‡ 가지 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ €μ—κ²Œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 첫째, YouTube
10:12
give this lesson a thumbs up on YouTube. And while you're doing it,
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μ—μ„œ 이 κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό μΆ”μ²œν•΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš” . 그리고 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
10:16
make sure that you also subscribe to this channel.
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이 채널도 κ΅¬λ…ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜μ„Έμš”.
10:18
So you never miss one of my Confident English lessons. Number two,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 제 μžμ‹ κ° μžˆλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ λ†“μΉ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 두 번째,
10:23
go to the online lesson at the Speak Confident English website and practice with
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Speak Confident English μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ—μ„œ 온라인 μˆ˜μ—…μ— κ°€μ„œ 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”
10:27
me there. Share your examples in the comment section. And finally,
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. 의견 μ„Ήμ…˜μ—μ„œ 예λ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€ . 그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μ˜μ–΄ μ‹€λ ₯을 μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”
10:31
you can also share this lesson with friends, coworkers,
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친ꡬ, 직μž₯ λ™λ£Œ
10:34
or family members who are also working to perfect their English skills.
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λ˜λŠ” κ°€μ‘±κ³Ό 이 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
10:39
You can do that by sharing it on Facebook or sending it directly by email with
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Facebookμ—μ„œ κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ΄λ©”μΌλ‘œ 직접 보내면 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:43
that. Thank you so much for joining me.
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. 저와 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
And I look forward to seeing you next time for your Confident English lesson.
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그리고 μžμ‹ κ° μžˆλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μŒ μ‹œκ°„μ— λ΅™κΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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