How to Use the Perfect Modals | Should Have, Could Have, Would Have

43,469 views ใƒป 2023-03-15

Speak Confident English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Let me ask you,
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืชื›ื,
00:01
how often do you think of the past and wish you had made a different
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื
00:06
decision or regretted an outcome or simply out of
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื—ืจืช ืื• ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ืชื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื” ืื• ืกืชื ืžืชื•ืš
00:11
curiosity,
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00:11
wondered how your life might be different today if you had made a different
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ืกืงืจื ื•ืช,
ืชื”ื™ืชื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
00:16
choice?
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00:16
It's perfectly natural for us to wonder and reflect on the past
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ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช?
ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ืœืชื”ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ
00:21
and experience a mix of emotions in doing so when we want to
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ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื–ืืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื
00:26
express those emotions and the thoughts we have about the past,
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ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ,
00:30
perfect modals are the ideal way to do just that.
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ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื”.
00:34
Perfect modals, such as should have, could have,
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ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ื™ื›ืœื•
00:39
and would have allow us to travel back in time.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื ืกื•ืข ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
00:43
And while the past simple allows us to talk about what happened in the past
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
00:48
perfect modals,
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ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื,
00:49
allow us to talk about the feelings and thoughts we have associated with the
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืงืฉืจื ื•
00:54
past in this Confident English lesson today,
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ืœืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื,
00:57
you'll learn how to use three perfect modals, should have,
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ืชืœืžื“ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื , ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
01:02
could have, and would have with structural accuracy,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื‘ื ื™,
01:06
and you'll learn six ways to use perfect modals so that you
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ื•ืชืœืžื“ ืฉืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ
01:11
can express how you feel and the thoughts you have about the past in English.
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ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœืš ื•ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
01:29
But first, if you don't already know,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข,
01:31
I'm Annemarie with Speak Confident English.
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ืื ื™ ืื ืžืจื™ ืขื Speak Confident English.
01:33
Everything I do is designed to help you get the confidence you want for your
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ
01:38
life and work in English.
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ื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
01:39
One way I do that is by sharing my weekly Confident English lessons where I
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ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื™
01:44
share my top fluency and confidence-building strategies as well as targeted
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ื—ื•ืœืง ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ืฃ ื•ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื’ื
01:49
grammar lessons just like this one today. So while you're here,
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื. ืื– ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื›ืืŸ,
01:53
make sure you subscribe to my Speak Confident English channel on YouTube so you
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ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื” ื ืจืฉื ืœืขืจื•ืฅ Speak Confident English ืฉืœื™ ื‘-YouTube ื›ื“ื™
01:57
never miss one of my Confident English lessons.
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ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื—ืžื™ืฅ ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœื™.
01:59
Before we look at six ideal ways to use the perfect modals,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื,
02:04
let's talk about structure.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื”.
02:07
To form a sentence with a perfect modal,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขื ืžื•ื“ืืœื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื,
02:10
we use a regular modal verb,
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ื“ืืœื™ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”,
02:12
such as could wood or should combine it with have
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ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขืฅ ืื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ืฉ
02:17
and the past participle or third form of the verb,
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ื•ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืื• ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ,
02:22
for example, should have gone, should have considered,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืงื•ืœ,
02:27
could have become, could have been,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื”
02:31
would have decided, and would have liked.
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ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื”ื‘.
02:35
If we want to make the sentence negative,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืฉืœื™ืœื™,
02:37
we simply add in the word not after the modal could not
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืœื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ื“ืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ
02:42
have become, would not have liked.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื”ื‘.
02:45
Now in conversation you won't always hear, could have,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืฉืžืขื•, ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
02:50
should have and would have. Instead,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช,
02:52
you're more likely to hear the contracted form could have,
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืชืฉืžืขื• ืฉื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ,
02:57
should have, would've. For example,
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ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš, ื”ื™ื”. ืœืžืฉืœ,
03:01
I should have booked the appointment for four 30 instead. Now,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืืจื‘ืขื” 30 ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื›ืขืช,
03:06
not only are you likely to hear the contracted form of those words in
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืืชื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืฆืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
03:11
conversation, but you may also hear a reduction. Now,
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ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”, ืืœื ืฉืืชื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื’ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื”ืคื—ืชื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
03:15
I have a whole lesson on common reductions in English that I can share with you.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ืชื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ืชืš.
03:19
I'll leave a link to that just below this video,
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ืื ื™ ืืฉืื™ืจ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
03:22
but I want to pronounce for you what that would sound like with these contracted
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื˜ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉืžืข ืขื ื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:27
forms. We can say could've, they contracted form, or coulda,
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. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื”, ื”ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”, ืื• ื™ื›ืœื•,
03:32
should've, and shoulda,
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ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื, ื”ื™ื•
03:35
would've and woulda.
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ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
03:38
As I continue in this lesson today and share examples with you,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืžืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช,
03:42
you are going to hear those contracted forms and now let's look at
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ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ
03:47
two ways each. Perfect modal can be used and we'll start with, should have,
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ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ืช. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื, ืฆืจื™ืš,
03:52
should have, can be used to express regret.
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ืฆืจื™ืš, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื—ืจื˜ื”.
03:56
We all wish we could go back in time and change some
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ืžื”
04:01
past actions or decisions.
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ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ.
04:03
When we want to express regret over something that we did or
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื—ืจื˜ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืื•
04:08
said or decided in the past should have helps us do that.
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ืืžืจื ื• ืื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
04:13
Let me give you an example of how we might express regret about a past action.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื—ืจื˜ื” ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
04:18
Imagine you're late for work and you think to yourself,
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ืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš ืฉืืชื” ืžืื—ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืขืฆืžืš,
04:23
I should have set an alarm to help me wake up on time. In that sentence,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ. ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
04:28
not only are you expressing that you wish something were different in the past,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืข ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
04:33
but you also have regret that it wasn't different.
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ืืœื ืฉืืชื” ื’ื ืžืชื—ืจื˜ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
04:38
We can also use should have when we want to express a regret about a past
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื—ืจื˜ื” ืขืœ
04:42
action and apologize. For example,
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ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื ืฆืœ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
04:46
if you're late to work and you're late for a meeting with your coworkers,
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ืื ืืชื” ืžืื—ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืืชื” ืžืื—ืจ ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ืขืžื™ืชื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
04:51
you might want to apologize to them when you arrive and in doing so you could
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชื ืฆืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื ื›ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœ
04:55
say, I'm so sorry I'm late.
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ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืื—ืจ.
04:58
I should have been more mindful of the time.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ืžืŸ.
05:02
In addition to expressing regret,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื‘ืขืช ื—ืจื˜ื”,
05:04
should have also helps us provide feedback. For example,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืกืคืง ืžืฉื•ื‘. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
05:08
let's say a manager is reviewing a report you wrote and in doing so
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ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืžื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื“ื•ื— ืฉื›ืชื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืš
05:13
she recognizes there's room for improvement in giving feedback.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืžืฉื•ื‘.
05:18
She might say,
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ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ,
05:19
overall the report looks great for a first draft.
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ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•"ื— ื ืจืื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
05:24
I think you should have also included notes on trends.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื.
05:28
Let's remember to include that in the final draft.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
05:31
Now like providing feedback we can use should have to highlight a personal
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืžืชืŸ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ
05:36
error. For example,
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ืฉื’ื™ืื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
05:38
imagine one of your coworkers makes a mistake ordering supplies
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ืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš ืฉืื—ื“ ืžืขืžื™ืชื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ืขื” ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ืช ืืกืคืงื”
05:43
and after recognizing the mistake, your coworker says,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื–ื™ื”ื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืขืžื™ืชืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
05:48
I should have written 50,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ 50,
05:50
but I accidentally wrote 500 and now could have,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ 500 ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
05:54
again, we'll take a look at two different ways to use could have.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
05:59
The first is to express past possibility. For example,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
06:04
let's say you're traveling abroad with your family and at one point you look
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ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืืชื” ื ื•ืกืข ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœืš ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ
06:09
around and realize someone's missing,
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืกืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
06:11
someone got lost in the discussion of how you're going to find your
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ืœืš ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช
06:16
sister or your brother.
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ืื—ื•ืชืš ืื• ืื—ื™ืš.
06:18
You might say she could have gone back to the restaurant,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืกืขื“ื”,
06:22
let's go check. Of course you're not certain,
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืœืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—,
06:26
but it's a possibility.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช.
06:28
Could have can also be used to state that someone did or did not
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืื• ืœื ื”ื™ื”
06:32
have an ability in the past. For example,
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ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ืœืžืฉืœ,
06:36
a nurse or a doctor might wonder how an injured person arrived
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ืื—ื•ืช ืื• ืจื•ืคื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชื”ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื“ื ืคืฆื•ืข ื”ื’ื™ืข
06:41
alone at the hospital and in doing so they might express
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ืœื‘ื“ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข
06:46
he couldn't have driven here alone.
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ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื›ืืŸ ืœื‘ื“.
06:50
Not only does it seem impossible,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™,
06:52
but it doesn't seem that this injured individual had the ability to do that.
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ืืœื ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืœืื“ื ื”ืคืฆื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
06:57
Here's one more example of stating past ability.
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ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืœื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
07:01
If you're reflecting on your adolescent years and talking about it with your son
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ืื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืขื ื‘ื ืš
07:05
or daughter, you might say,
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ืื• ื‘ืชืš, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ,
07:07
I could have gone to university that year but I chose to travel instead.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื.
07:13
In that statement, you're not expressing any regret.
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ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื–ื•, ืืชื” ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืข ืฉื•ื ื—ืจื˜ื”.
07:16
You're simply stating that you had the ability to make that
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ืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืš ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช
07:21
decision and now let's talk about would have while should
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ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ืจื”
07:26
have allows us to express guilt or regret would have
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ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืฉืžื” ืื• ื—ืจื˜ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
07:31
allows us to express wishes or preferences about a past
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ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™
07:36
action.
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ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื•
07:37
Just because we wish something had been different doesn't mean we
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ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”, ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
07:42
regret that it isn't. For example,
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ืžืชื—ืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
07:44
imagine your son has the opportunity to study abroad for a year.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื”.
07:49
In talking about this with him, you might say, what a wonderful opportunity.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืชื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ืคืœืื”.
07:54
I would have loved to study abroad when I was your age.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื— ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœืš.
07:59
Similarly,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”,
08:00
you can use would have to express what you wanted or intended
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืช ืื• ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช
08:04
in the past, perhaps. For example, a friend of yours asks,
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืื•ืœื™. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืš ืฉื•ืืœ,
08:08
why didn't you call me back?
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ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ืชืงืฉืจืช ืืœื™ื™ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”?
08:10
I tried to call you several times yesterday and in response you might say,
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ืš ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืืชืžื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ,
08:16
I would've called you,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ืš,
08:17
but I accidentally dropped my phone in water and now the last use on
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ืคืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืœืžื™ื ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”
08:22
our list today is using would have to explore hypothetical situations.
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ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื•ืชื˜ื™ื™ื.
08:27
When we are exploring the hypothetical we pair would haveve
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืคื•ืชื˜ื™, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื–ื•ื’
08:32
with a conditional structure. For example,
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ืขื ืžื‘ื ื” ืžื•ืชื ื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
08:35
maybe one of your friends shows you an article about someone who won the lottery
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžืจืื” ืœืš ืžืืžืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื–ื›ื” ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•
08:40
and bought a new car. In response, you might remark,
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ื•ืงื ื” ืจื›ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืชืขื™ืจ,
08:44
if I had won a million dollars,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
08:46
I would've bought a giant house or I would've gone on a vacation around the
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ืง ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘
08:51
world. Let's take a look at one more example.
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ืœืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
08:54
Perhaps you're planning to have friends over for dinner and unexpectedly your
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™
08:59
spouse invites a few more friends over that you didn't expect.
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ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœืš ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื.
09:05
If you didn't make enough food for everyone,
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ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื•ืœื,
09:07
you might say to your spouse or your partner,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืื• ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœืš,
09:09
I would've made more food if I'd known they were coming.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื›ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื›ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื™ื.
09:13
Now that you have these six uses for perfect modals with
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ืขื
09:18
should have, could have and would have, let's practice.
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ืฆืจื™ืš, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืคืฉืจ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชืืžืŸ.
09:21
I have three questions for you and with each one I want you to think about how
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื™ืš, ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืื™ืš
09:26
you would use one of those perfect modals and consider the
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ืชืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช
09:31
structure of your sentence. Number one,
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ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœืš. ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ืช,
09:34
what should you have done Yesterday?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืชืžื•ืœ?
09:37
Perhaps there was something on your to-do list,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš,
09:39
but you really didn't want to do it so you procrastinated and
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ืจืฆื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืื– ืกื—ื‘ืช ื•ืกื—ื‘ืช
09:44
procrastinated and procrastinated,
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ื•ืกื—ื‘ืช,
09:46
but today you have that guilty regretful feeling.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื”ื—ืจื˜ื” ื”ืืฉืžื” ื”ื–ื•.
09:50
I should have done that yesterday. Question two,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืืชืžื•ืœ. ืฉืืœื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
09:55
I want you to think back to about 10 years ago and in
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›-10 ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ
09:59
reflecting on that time,
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ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื,
10:02
what is something you could have done at that time but chose not
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืจืชื ืฉืœื
10:06
to? And number three, think about the last week or two.
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? ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข-ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืื ื™ืฉ
10:11
Is there anything you would have done but you ran out of
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืื‘ืœ ื ื’ืžืจ ืœืš
10:16
time? If you'd had more time, you would've done it.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ? ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
10:20
As always,
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ื›ืžื• ืชืžื™ื“,
10:21
the best place to share your examples with me or any comments and
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ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืช
10:26
questions you have is in the comments section just below this video.
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ื•ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื–ื”.
10:30
If you found today's lesson helpful to you,
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ืื ืžืฆืืชื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื›ื,
10:32
I would love to know and you can tell me in one very simple way,
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ืืฉืžื— ืœื“ืขืช ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”,
10:36
give this lesson a thumbs up here on YouTube. While you're at it,
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ืชื ื• ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื‘ื–ื”,
10:40
don't forget to subscribe so you never miss one of my Confident English lessons.
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื— ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื—ืžื™ืฅ ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
10:45
Thank you so much for joining me and I look forward to seeing you next time.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆืคื” ืœืจืื•ืชืš ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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