Wish and Hope - Past Situations (Part two)

15,882 views ใƒป 2018-04-27

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
If youโ€™re taking a Cambridge exam like IELTS or First Certificate, or if youโ€™re taking
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IELTS ๋˜๋Š” First Certificate์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ Cambridge ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ TOEFL์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
00:06
TOEFL, this is an important lesson because they often set questions about these verbs.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
I think they do it because the grammarโ€™s tricky.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š” .
00:17
So letโ€™s work on it and take your English up a level.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์ž .
00:26
This is the second part of our video on wish and hope.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ์›๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:30
In part one, we looked at how we use these verbs to talk about present situations.
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1๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง
00:38
If you havenโ€™t seen it, you might want to watch that video before you watch this one.
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๋ชป ๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•ด๋‹น ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
In this video weโ€™re going to look at how we talk about hopes and wishes in the past.
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Letโ€™s start with hope.
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ํฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:55
Howโ€™s it going?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:57
Oh OK.
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์˜ค ๊ทธ๋ž˜.
00:58
But Iโ€™ve got so much to do.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
01:00
Do you want a hand?
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์†์„ ์›ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:02
Oh thank you.
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์˜ค ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
I hoped heโ€™d say that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ค.
01:08
So before Jay arrived, I was thinking โ€˜I hope Jay can help meโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ์ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ' ์ œ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:13
And Iโ€™m talking about a hope I had in the past here.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ํฌ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:18
Notice I said 'would'.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ 'ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
01:20
So the past tense of hope and then 'would'.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํฌ๋ง์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” '~ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
We often use the contracted form of 'would', so it can be difficult to spot.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… 'would'์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
In this example, we have the simple past form of hope, but we can use other past forms.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Letโ€™s see some.
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์ข€ ๋ณด์ž.
01:39
This is our dog Carter.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ ์นดํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
We adopted him six years ago.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 6๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ž…์–‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Now heโ€™s eight years old and heโ€™s a wonderful dog.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Š” 8์‚ด์ด๊ณ  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
He drives me crazy because he barks a lot when people come to the door.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์ด ์ง–๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:54
He does get a little excited.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
We were hoping heโ€™d calm down as he got older.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ง„์ •๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:00
And thatโ€™s what happened.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
No, it didnโ€™t.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
02:02
Yes, it did.
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
He still goes crazy when the postman comes.
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์šฐ์ฒด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ์ณ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
Yeah.
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์‘.
02:09
We had hoped that heโ€™d stop barking at the mailman, but that didnโ€™t happen.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฒด๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ง–๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Well, he doesnโ€™t like the mailman.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฒด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
02:19
Do you?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€?
02:21
So in the past we thought it was possible that Carter would calm down as he got older.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ง„์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Jay thinks he has calmed down, but I donโ€™t.
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Jay๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
I said โ€˜we were hoping heโ€™d calm downโ€™.
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๋‚˜๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
I could also say โ€˜we hoped heโ€™d calm downโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
That works too.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
And you heard another past form of hope.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
He still goes crazy when the postman comes.
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์šฐ์ฒด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ์ณ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Yeah.
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์‘.
02:50
We had hoped that heโ€™d stop barking at the mailman, but that didnโ€™t happen.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฒด๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ง–๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
Jay used the past perfect - had hoped.
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Jay๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
The past perfect indicates that this action didnโ€™t happen.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Carter still barks at the mail man.
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์นดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์šฐ์ฒด๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ง–๋Š”๋‹ค.
03:09
If we say 'hoped' or was 'hoping', the action might have happened or might not.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Itโ€™s not specific.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
But if we say 'had hoped', it means the action didnโ€™t happen.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
So use these structures to talk about past hopes.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํฌ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
03:28
And if you want to make it clear that an action didnโ€™t happen, use the past perfect.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:34
Thatโ€™s the verb 'hope', but what about 'wish'?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ 'ํฌ๋ง'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ๋ฐ '์†Œ์›'์€?
03:39
We use 'wish' to talk about imaginary situations - improbable or impossible things.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'wish'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ, ์ฆ‰ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Letโ€™s see how that works in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:55
Youโ€™re in a good mood.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Yes, Iโ€™m playing tennis this afternoon.
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๋„ค, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„์— ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์น  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:59
Oh, what about the sales meeting?
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์˜ค, ํŒ๋งค ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:03
What sales meeting?
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์–ด๋–ค ํŒ๋งค ํšŒ์˜?
04:04
Did I forget to tell you?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:06
Thereโ€™s a sales meeting this afternoon and Kathy wants everyone there.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„์— ์˜์—… ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  Kathy๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
But Iโ€™ve booked a tennis court and everyoneโ€™s coming.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
Oh, thatโ€™s a shame.
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์•„, ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๋„ค์š”.
04:17
I wish youโ€™d told me.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์คฌ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด.
04:21
I didnโ€™t tell Jay about the meeting and heโ€™s unhappy about that.
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๋‚˜๋Š” Jay์—๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
He says 'I wish youโ€™d told me'.
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๊ทธ๋Š” '๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Now, whatโ€™s that contraction?
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์ž, ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:31
Is it would or had?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ, ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ?
04:35
Itโ€™s had.
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์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
Weโ€™re using the past perfect again.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
We use wish and the past perfect to express regrets about the past โ€“ to talk about things
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„ํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด wish์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:47
that didnโ€™t happen, but we wish they had happened.
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.
04:51
I wish Vicki had told me about the sales meeting.
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Vicki๊ฐ€ ์˜์—… ํšŒ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด์คฌ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
04:59
Iโ€™m so tired.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด.
05:01
I wish I'd gone to bed earlier last night.
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์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ผ์ฐ ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
05:05
I wish we hadnโ€™t eaten all those cookies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฟ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
05:09
Yeah, I'm feeling a little sick now.
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๋„ค, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ชธ์ด ์ข€ ์•„ํŒŒ์š”.
05:14
These are all things that didnโ€™t happen and we regret them now.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ›„ํšŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Weโ€™re not happy about them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
I didnโ€™t tell Jay about the sales meeting.
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์ €๋Š” Jay์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์—… ํšŒ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
I went to bed late last night and we ate all those cookies.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฟ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:30
So if you wish something had happened, it didnโ€™t happen.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
And if wish something hadn't happened, it did happen.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
05:42
You have to switch positives to negatives, and vice versa, to imagine something unreal.
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๊ธ์ •์„ ๋ถ€์ •์œผ๋กœ, ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
And remember the verb form here.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:52
Itโ€™s the past perfect.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
Do these structures remind you of anything?
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:59
Theyโ€™re similar to third conditional structures โ€“ the conditionals we use for unreal and
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:06
imaginary situations in the past.
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06:10
Now you have to make a wish and blow out all the candles with one breath.
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์ด์ œ ์†Œ์›์„ ๋นŒ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํ˜ธํก์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด›๋ถˆ์„ ๊บผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
Now take a big breath.
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์ด์ œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ์„ธ์š”.
06:23
The idea of wishing is if you imagine something enough it will come true by magic.
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์†Œ์›์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹คํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
But of course magic isnโ€™t real.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์€ ์ง„์งœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
When we say โ€˜I wishโ€ฆ ', we distance ourselves from reality and we do that grammatically
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 'I wishโ€ฆ
06:41
by shifting back a tense.
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06:44
The same thing happens in 2nd and 3rd conditionals.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Theyโ€™re unreal too.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
OK, one more thing before we stop, do you remember this phrase?
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋งŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋”, ์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:57
โ€˜If onlyโ€™ is like โ€˜I wishโ€™, but itโ€™s more emphatic.
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'If only'๋Š” 'I wish'์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
It means โ€˜I really wishโ€™.
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'์ •๋ง ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
We can use it to talk about present and past situations.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ โ€‹โ€‹๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:11
Letโ€™s see some past examples.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž.
07:15
If only we hadnโ€™t eaten all those cookies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฟ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด.
07:19
If only Iโ€™d studied harder at school.
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด.
07:23
If only Iโ€™d invested in Apple twenty years ago.
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20๋…„ ์ „์— ์• ํ”Œ์— ํˆฌ์žํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด .
07:27
Iโ€™d be rich now.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
So again, these things didnโ€™t happen.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
Jay ate the cookies.
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Jay๋Š” ์ฟ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
He didnโ€™t study harder and he didnโ€™t invest in Apple.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ์• ํ”Œ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:39
But heโ€™s wishing things were different.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
'If only' means itโ€™s a strong wish.
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if only๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
And thatโ€™s it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ.
07:50
It was a lot of grammar so letโ€™s review.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:53
We use 'hope' with 'would' to talk about past hopes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํฌ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'would'์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 'hope'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:58
You can use different past forms of hope.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
โ€˜Hopedโ€™ and โ€˜was hopingโ€™ arenโ€™t specific.
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'๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ค'์™€ '๋ฐ”๋žฌ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:04
You can use them for things that happened or things that didnโ€™t happen.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
If something didnโ€™t happen and you want to be specific, use the past perfect form
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด 'ํฌ๋ง'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”
08:15
of 'hope'.
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.
08:18
If youโ€™re talking about past wishes, use 'wish' and the past perfect.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์†Œ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์†Œ์›'๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:24
Switch positives to negatives and vice versa, to make things unreal
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๊ธ์ •์„ ๋ถ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
And if you want to add emphasis, use 'if only'.
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๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 'if only'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:36
'If only' is followed by the same structures as โ€˜I wish...'
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'If only' ๋’ค์—๋Š” 'I wish...'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
So now you know how we use the verbs 'wish' and 'hope' in English.
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์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ 'wish' ์™€ 'hope'๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉด ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” .
08:52
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข… ๋ชจ์–‘ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
08:59
Bye now.
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์ด์ œ ์•ˆ๋…•.
09:02
This is Carter.
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์นดํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
We adopted him when he was six years old.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ž…์–‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
Now he's eight.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์‚ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
He barks a lot when people come to the door.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์ด ์ง–๋Š”๋‹ค.
09:13
He gets a little excited.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํฅ๋ถ„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
This is Carter.
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์นดํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
We adopted him six years ago.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 6๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ž…์–‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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