Dish or plate? English vocabulary and prototype theory

35,533 views ใƒป 2019-02-15

Simple English Videos


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
We had a great question from a viewer called Aurum last week.
0
89
4981
์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ Aurum์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:05
Aurum asked whatโ€™s the difference between a dish and a plate?
1
5070
4320
Aurum์€ ์ ‘์‹œ์™€ ์ ‘์‹œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
Some languages have only one word.
2
9390
2550
์ผ๋ถ€ ์–ธ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
A dish is a container or bowl.
3
11940
2670
์ ‘์‹œ๋Š” ์šฉ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Itโ€™s usually pretty shallow, so not very deep.
4
14610
4330
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์–•์•„์„œ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๊นŠ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
We serve food from a dish and sometimes we cook food in it too.
5
18940
4720
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ‘์‹œ์—์„œ ์Œ์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์Œ์‹์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
But sometimes a dish is a particular type of food thatโ€™s served as part of a meal.
6
23660
6449
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Like a fish dish or a pasta dish.
7
30109
2981
์ƒ์„  ์š”๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ์Šคํƒ€ ์š”๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ.
00:33
A plate is flat and usually round.
8
33090
4210
์ ‘์‹œ๋Š” ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ฅ๊ธ€๋‹ค.
00:37
We put our food on it and eat from it.
9
37300
2849
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“๊ณ  ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
And in American English, a plate can also be a whole main course of a meal.
10
40149
5500
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์‹์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฉ”์ธ ์ฝ”์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
But not in British English.
11
45649
1930
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
No?
12
47579
1000
์•„๋‹ˆ์š”?
00:48
No.
13
48579
1000
์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
00:49
Aurumโ€™s question looked simple, but when you go deeper, itโ€™s quite tricky.
14
49579
6341
Aurum์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๊ฝค ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
There are lots more words like this.
15
55920
2060
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
Letโ€™s look at some.
16
57980
1360
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
What do we call this in our house, Jay?
17
65320
2999
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์š”, ์ œ์ด?
01:08
This is a mug.
18
68319
1870
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋จธ๊ทธ์ž”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
And why do we call it a mug?
19
70189
2371
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋จธ๊ทธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:12
Because it has a handle and I drink coffee out of it.
20
72560
3169
์†์žก์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:15
OK.
21
75729
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”.
01:16
Whatโ€™s the difference between a mug and a cup?
22
76729
4801
๋จธ๊ทธ์™€ ์ปต์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
01:21
Well a mug doesnโ€™t have a saucer and itโ€™s taller.
23
81530
4420
๋จธ๊ทธ์ž”์—๋Š” ๋ฐ›์นจ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๋” ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
OK.
24
85950
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”.
01:26
Then whatโ€™s this?
25
86950
2729
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฑด ๋ญ์•ผ?
01:29
Well, this is what we call your coffee cup.
26
89679
4390
๊ธ€์Ž„, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ปคํ”ผ ์ปต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Cup!
27
94069
1470
์ปต!
01:35
But it doesnโ€™t have a saucer and itโ€™s tall.
28
95539
3490
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Yes, but it has curved sides and mugs have straight sides.
29
99029
5141
์˜ˆ, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋จธ๊ทธ์ปต์€ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์ง์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธก๋ฉด์ด
01:44
So we call this a cup because it has curved sides.
30
104170
4030
๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ปต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:48
OK, whatโ€™s this?
31
108200
3089
์ข‹์•„, ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์•ผ?
01:51
This is a bowl.
32
111289
1620
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And whatโ€™s this?
33
112909
1160
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:54
Thatโ€™s a bowl too.
34
114069
1820
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡.
01:55
So size doesnโ€™t matter.
35
115889
1980
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Well size always matters but in this case whatโ€™s important is that they have curved
36
117869
4880
์šฐ๋ฌผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
02:02
sides.
37
122749
1000
์ธก๋ฉด์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
OK.
38
123749
1010
์ข‹์•„์š”.
02:04
Whatโ€™s this?
39
124759
2011
์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์•ผ?
02:06
Thatโ€™s a bowl.
40
126770
1590
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
But it has straight sides.
41
128360
1899
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง์„ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Yeah, but itโ€™s a bowl.
42
130259
2001
๋„ค, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
It isnโ€™t a mug?
43
132260
2899
๋จธ๊ทธ์ปต ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ?
02:15
No.
44
135159
1000
์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
02:16
Cups and mugs have handles and bowls donโ€™t.
45
136159
3071
์ปต๊ณผ ๋จธ๊ทธ์—๋Š” ์†์žก์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์—๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
OK.
46
139230
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”.
02:20
So this isnโ€™t a bowl?
47
140230
2429
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€?
02:22
Yes, Iโ€™d call that a bowl because itโ€™s bigger than a cup.
48
142659
4550
์˜ˆ, ์ปต๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
But you just said size doesnโ€™t matter for bowls.
49
147209
5131
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:32
OK.
50
152340
1320
์ข‹์•„์š”.
02:34
What about this?
51
154680
1940
์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
02:36
Itโ€™s a bowl.
52
156620
1530
๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
And not a plate, right?
53
158150
1919
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ ?
02:40
No, plates are flat.
54
160069
2131
์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ ‘์‹œ๋Š” ํ‰ํ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Bowls are deeper like that.
55
162200
1989
๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
But itโ€™s also a dish.
56
164189
1811
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์š”๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Why?
57
166000
1000
์™œ?
02:47
Well, we share food from it.
58
167000
2220
๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์Œ์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
If we share food from it, itโ€™s a dish.
59
169220
2860
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์Œ์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์š”๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
So itโ€™s a bowl and a dish.
60
172080
2930
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡๊ณผ ์ ‘์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Yes!
61
175010
1420
์˜ˆ!
02:56
Wow!
62
176430
1429
์šฐ์™€!
02:57
That was confusing!
63
177859
1080
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
02:58
Yes.
64
178939
1000
์˜ˆ.
02:59
Itโ€™s because the meaning of words often overlap with other words.
65
179939
5410
๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Another meaning starts before one meaning has finished.
66
185349
3891
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:09
So we call this a cup, but we could also call it a mug.
67
189240
4619
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ปต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋จธ๊ทธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:13
Itโ€™s part cup and part mug.
68
193859
3300
์ผ๋ถ€ ์ปต๊ณผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋จธ๊ทธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Exactly.
69
197159
1181
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ.
03:18
The boundaries between the words are fuzzy.
70
198340
3019
๋‹จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฏธ
03:21
Thereโ€™s no clear dividing line between their meanings.
71
201359
4511
์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:25
Are there more words like this?
72
205870
1800
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:27
Oh yes, lots.
73
207670
1730
๋„ค, ๋งŽ์ด์š”.
03:29
What about the word game?
74
209400
1970
๋‹จ์–ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:31
What does game mean?
75
211370
1280
๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:32
You mean a board game like Monopoly, or a card game like poker?
76
212650
4110
Monopoly์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณด๋“œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํฌ์ปค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์นด๋“œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:36
Yes.
77
216760
1000
์˜ˆ.
03:37
Or a game like football or tennis.
78
217760
3319
๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„.
03:41
Or computer games.
79
221079
1341
๋˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„.
03:42
Or the Olympic Games.
80
222420
2160
๋˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ๊ฒŒ์ž„.
03:44
What do they all have in common?
81
224580
2549
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:47
Well thereโ€™s competition.
82
227129
1280
๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
We compete against another person or another team.
83
228409
3080
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒ€๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:51
If itโ€™s a game we can win or lose.
84
231489
3730
๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
But thereโ€™s also the game of patience.
85
235219
2990
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ธ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
We call that solitaire.
86
238209
1530
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†”๋ฆฌํ…Œ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Itโ€™s a card game you play on your own.
87
239739
3720
์ง์ ‘ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํ•˜๋Š” ์นด๋“œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
And what if a child throws a ball against a wall?
88
243459
3530
์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒฝ์— ๊ณต์„ ๋˜์ง€๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š” ?
04:06
Itโ€™s a game, but itโ€™s not a competition.
89
246989
3071
๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
OK.
90
250060
1210
์ข‹์•„์š”.
04:11
Is it that games are all amusing and fun?
91
251270
2529
๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ๋‹ค ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
04:13
Well, thatโ€™s often true, but some games are quite serious like chess, or war games.
92
253799
8021
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ์ฒด์Šค๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Is it about skill?
93
261820
1439
์‹ค๋ ฅ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
04:23
We need to learn and practice a game to play well โ€“ like chess or football?
94
263259
4881
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒด์Šค๋‚˜ ์ถ•๊ตฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž˜ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
They require skill.
95
268140
1940
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
Skill can be important, but in some games, you can win by chance.
96
270080
5900
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Like roulette or bingo.
97
275980
2800
๋ฃฐ๋ ›์ด๋‚˜ ๋น™๊ณ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ.
04:38
You donโ€™t need skill to win them.
98
278780
2460
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
So there are different features of the word โ€˜gameโ€™: competitive, amusing, skillful.
99
281240
6040
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '๊ฒŒ์ž„'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ธ, ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š”, ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
But we donโ€™t need all the features to call something a game.
100
287280
5050
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:52
Exactly.
101
292330
1250
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ.
04:53
The meanings of words are often a group of ideas that are similar.
102
293580
5160
๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:58
But they donโ€™t all have to be true for the meaning to work.
103
298740
3940
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:02
They just have to have a family resemblance.
104
302680
2930
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋‹ฎ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค.
05:05
OK.
105
305610
1000
์ข‹์•„์š”.
05:06
Hereโ€™s a big question.
106
306610
1920
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
What does this mean if youโ€™re learning English?
107
308530
3109
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:11
It means words you have in your language might not match English words exactly.
108
311639
6691
์ด๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
They could be similar in some ways but different in others.
109
318330
4680
์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
Because the word boundaries might be different.
110
323010
2409
๋‹จ์–ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Thatโ€™s right.
111
325419
1031
์ข‹์•„์š”.
05:26
And thereโ€™s some interesting research about that.
112
326450
3940
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:30
In the 1970s a psychologist, called Eleanor Rosch, ran some experiments on prototypes.
113
330390
8459
1970๋…„๋Œ€์— Eleanor Rosch๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
A prototype is a typical example of something.
114
338849
5251
ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
For example, she showed people lots of dogs and asked them whatโ€™s the doggiest dog for
115
344100
6720
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
you?
116
350820
1000
05:51
A sheep dog, a bull dog, a collie, a dachshund, a Pekingese?
117
351820
8540
๋ชฉ์–‘๊ฒฌ, ๋ถˆ๋…, ์ฝœ๋ฆฌ, ๋‹ฅ์Šคํ›ˆํŠธ, ํŽ˜ํ‚ค๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ?
06:00
So she wasnโ€™t asking what dogs people liked.
118
360360
3809
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
She was asking what kind of dog is most typical of all dogs.
119
364169
5381
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:09
She asked the same question about lots of different categories of things.
120
369550
5020
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:14
For example birds, vegetables, toys, pieces of furniture.
121
374570
10830
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ƒˆ, ์ฑ„์†Œ, ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
And she discovered two things.
122
385400
2400
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
The first one was people kept ranking things in the same way.
123
387800
4410
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Their answers were very consistent.
124
392210
3079
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๊ด€์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
For example, most people thought a chair was the best example of a piece of furniture and
125
395289
5590
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:40
a lamp wasnโ€™t very good.
126
400879
2701
๋žจํ”„๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
And the second thing Eleanor discovered was very curious.
127
403580
5420
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Eleanor๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
People believed the words must share some common features.
128
409000
5490
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:54
So for example, theyโ€™d look at different birds and say theyโ€™re birds because they
129
414490
5320
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
06:59
can all fly.
130
419810
1169
๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
But a penguin canโ€™t fly and an ostrich canโ€™t fly.
131
420979
5581
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŽญ๊ท„์€ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  ํƒ€์กฐ๋Š” ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:06
Flying is a common feature of birds but itโ€™s not a necessary feature.
132
426560
7300
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ํŠน์ง•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
People kept looking for necessary features that donโ€™t exist.
133
433860
4989
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:18
So things in her categories shared some features, but not all of them.
134
438849
5331
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Yeah, and the things that shared the most features were the best prototypes.
135
444180
5470
์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜
07:29
It was like the word โ€˜gameโ€™.
136
449650
2590
'๊ฒŒ์ž„'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ
07:32
Different games have some features in common, but they donโ€™t share all of them.
137
452240
4949
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
Our brains want to think that words fit neatly into categories and that there are clear boundaries
138
457189
7100
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์— ๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๋งž๊ณ 
07:44
where one word stops and another begins.
139
464289
2981
ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
But thatโ€™s not how it works.
140
467270
2389
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
The meanings of words are fuzzy at the edges.
141
469659
3320
๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
You canโ€™t always separate them with clear lines.
142
472979
4071
ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:57
And this is something thatโ€™s true for all languages.
143
477050
2919
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:59
I have a question.
144
479969
1380
์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
Whatโ€™s that?
145
481349
1111
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์•ผ?
08:02
Whatโ€™s the birdiest bird for you?
146
482460
2639
๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:05
Oh itโ€™s the robin.
147
485099
1611
์•„ ๋กœ๋นˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
Definitely.
148
486710
1000
๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ.
08:07
For me itโ€™s the sparrow.
149
487710
2830
์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฐธ์ƒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Really?
150
490540
1000
์ •๋ง?
08:11
But robins are such a common bird.
151
491540
2059
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šธ์ƒˆ๋Š” ํ”ํ•œ ์ƒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
But in the UK, the most common bird is a sparrow.
152
493599
4901
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋Š” ์ฐธ์ƒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
Wow.
153
498500
1000
์šฐ์™€.
08:19
So maybe we have different ideas of what a bird is.
154
499500
2759
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:22
And maybe you have different ideas about birds, or what dishes and plates are.
155
502259
7791
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ƒˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ‘์‹œ์™€ ์ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
Write and tell us in the comments if you do.
156
510050
2990
์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:33
And if youโ€™ve enjoyed this video, please share it with a friend.
157
513040
3620
์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
08:36
And Aurum, thank you for a great question.
158
516660
3650
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Aurum, ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
See you all next week everyone.
159
520310
1770
๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ๋‹ค์Œ์ฃผ์— ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”.
08:42
Bye-bye.
160
522080
720
08:42
Bye.
161
522800
620
์•ˆ๋…•.
์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7