By & To: 2 Business English prepositions that cause mistakes

16,808 views ・ 2016-04-19

Simple English Videos


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:01
Prepositions. They're often tricky in English. In this video we're going to fix a common
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μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬. 그듀은 μ’…μ’… μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ κΉŒλ‹€ λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€μ—μ„œλŠ”
00:10
mistake with 'by' and 'to'. And you'll also learn some financial terms.
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'by'와 'to'의 일반적인 μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό κ³ μΉ  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μž¬μ •μ μΈ μš©μ–΄λ„ 배우게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
Let's start with the prepositions.
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μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
00:25
Are you cold Rachel? Yes. Jay, check the thermostat.
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당신은 μ°¨κ°€μš΄ λ ˆμ΄μ²Όμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ? 예. 제이, μ˜¨λ„ 쑰절 μž₯치λ₯Ό 확인해봐.
00:29
I'm cold too. It's down to 68 degrees.
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λ‚˜λ„ μΆ₯λ‹€. 68λ„κΉŒμ§€ λ‚΄λ €κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
No wonder we're all cold. So the temperature has fallen and now it's
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ μΆ”μš΄ 것도 λ‹Ήμ—°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜¨λ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ €κ°”κ³  μ§€κΈˆμ€
00:41
68 degrees. We use 'to' to describe the level it's reached. OK, let's move on to 'by'.
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68λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„λ‹¬ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 'to'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 자, 'by'둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€.
00:52
So that's five, fifteen, twenty eight. Well done.
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5, 15, 28μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 잘 ν•˜μ…¨μ–΄μš”.
00:56
Ha! Ha! I'm going to beat you today. I doubt it. You're still down by sixty eight
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ν•˜μ•„! ν•˜μ•„! λ‚˜λŠ” 였늘 당신을 이길 κ±° μ•Ό. λ‚˜λŠ” 그것을 μ˜μ‹¬ν•œλ‹€. μ—¬μ „νžˆ 68
01:02
points. Show me that
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포인트 ν•˜λ½ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 두 μˆ˜μ€€
01:05
We use 'by' to talk about the difference between two levels. 68 points is the gap between our
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μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 차이에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 'by'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ„Έμš” . 68점은 점수 μ°¨μ΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:14
scores. Let's look at two more examples. The rate of inflation has increased to 4%
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. 두 가지 예λ₯Ό 더 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μΈν”Œλ ˆμ΄μ…˜μœ¨μ€ 4%둜 μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
The rate of inflation has increased by 4% Both these sentences are correct, but they
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μΈν”Œλ ˆμ΄μ…˜μœ¨μ€ 4%둜 μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 이 두 λ¬Έμž₯은 λͺ¨λ‘ λ§žμ§€λ§Œ
01:37
mean different things. 'Increased to' means inflation has reached 4%. 'Increased by' means
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μ˜λ―Έκ°€ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. '증가'λŠ” μΈν”Œλ ˆμ΄μ…˜μ΄ 4%에 λ„λ‹¬ν–ˆμŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. '증가'λŠ”
01:46
4% is the size of the rise - the size of the difference.
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4%κ°€ μƒμŠΉμ˜ 크기, 즉 차이의 크기λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:52
In some languages, you'd use the same preposition here and people would understand what you
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일뢀 μ–Έμ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 여기에 λ™μΌν•œ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš© ν•˜κ³  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ¬Έλ§₯μ—μ„œ μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” λ°”λ₯Ό 이해할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:58
mean from context. But not in English. We use two different prepositions with different
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. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜μ–΄λŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 의미λ₯Ό 가진 두 개의 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:06
meanings. It's good to be here with folks who are becoming
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. 였랜 μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ λ˜μ–΄κ°€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:10
old friends. Well thank you Joe. Now I understand you want
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. κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œ μ‘°. 이제 당신이
02:14
to be in this video Yes.
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이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€μ— μΆœμ—°ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 예.
02:17
OK, but you must stick to the examples. You can't talk too long, Joe.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 예제λ₯Ό κ³ μˆ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„ˆλ¬΄ 였래 μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λ©΄ μ•ˆ λΌμš”, μ‘°.
02:23
OK. Do you understand? Yes.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”. μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”? 예.
02:26
Off you go then. When the President and I took office in January
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그럼 κ°€μ„Έμš”. 2009λ…„ 1μ›” λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήκ³Ό λ‚΄κ°€ μ·¨μž„ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:31
of 2009 this nation was in the midst of the greatest economic crisis since the great depression.
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이 λ‚˜λΌλŠ” λŒ€κ³΅ν™© 이후 μ΅œλŒ€μ˜ 경제 μœ„κΈ°μ— μ²˜ν•΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
Our economy had plummeted... No, no Joe. You're just going to stick to
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우리 κ²½μ œκ°€ κ³€λ‘λ°•μ§ˆμ³€μ–΄μš”... μ•„λ‹ˆ, μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ . 당신은 단지 μ˜ˆμ‹œμ— μΆ©μ‹€ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 'To
02:41
the examples.'To - by'. Remember? Yes.
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- by'. κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ‹€? 예.
02:45
OK. Again. We've gone from losing 9 million jobs during
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μ’‹μ•„μš”. λ‹€μ‹œ. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 금육 μœ„κΈ° λ™μ•ˆ 900만 개의 일자리λ₯Ό μžƒμ—ˆλ‹€κ°€
02:50
the financial crisis, to creating 10 million jobs. We've reduced unemployment from 10%
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1000만 개의 일자리λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€μ—…λ₯ μ„ 2009λ…„ 10μ›” 10%μ—μ„œ
02:57
in October of 2009 to 6.1% today. OK. Good examples, Joe.
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였늘 6.1%둜 μ€„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”. 쒋은 예, μ‘°.
03:05
You could smile a bit, Joe Now let's do 'by'. Ready?
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쑰금 웃어도 돼, Joe 이제 'by'λ₯Ό ν•˜μž. μ€€λΉ„κ°€ 된?
03:10
Yes. Since the year 2000 gross domestic product,
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예. 2000λ…„ 이후 ꡭ내총생산(
03:15
our GDP, has risen by 25%. And productivity in America is up by 30%.
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GDP)은 25% μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 미ꡭ의 생산성은 30% μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
That's great!
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λŒ€λ‹¨ν•΄!
03:23
Yes, that's all we need, Joe. We'll say goodbye now.
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그래, 그게 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ „λΆ€μ•Ό, μ‘°. 이제 μž‘λ³„ 인사λ₯Ό ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:27
Take care. Thanks for listening. And God bless you all.
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잘 μ§€λ‚΄μ„Έμš”. λ“£κΈ° μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ‹ μ˜ 좕볡이 있기λ₯Ό.
03:32
He's so serious! He never smiles. Good examples though.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ 심각해! κ·ΈλŠ” κ²°μ½” 웃지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€. κ·Έλž˜λ„ 쒋은 μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
Can you remember what Joe said? GDP is the value of all goods and services produced in
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μ‘°κ°€ ν–ˆλ˜ 말 κΈ°μ–΅λ‚˜? GDPλŠ” ν•œ κ΅­κ°€ μ—μ„œ 1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μƒμ‚°λœ λͺ¨λ“  μž¬ν™”μ™€ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:47
a country in a year. And productivity is the rate at which goods are produced. When productivity
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. 그리고 생산성은 μƒν’ˆμ΄ μƒμ‚°λ˜λŠ” μ†λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 생산성이
03:55
goes up it take less time and money to make things.
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높아지면 물건을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데 λ“œλŠ” μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό λΉ„μš©μ΄ μ€„μ–΄λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:01
So what preposition did Joe use here? By. He was talking about the difference between
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ JoeλŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? 에 μ˜ν•΄. κ·ΈλŠ” 두 숫자의 차이에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:08
the two numbers. Next one. Unemployment is the number of people
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. λ‹€μŒ. 싀업은
04:15
who can't get a job. The missing preposition? To. Notice Joe said 'from'. From was the starting
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일자리λ₯Ό ꡬ할 수 μ—†λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 빠진 μ „μΉ˜μ‚¬λŠ”? μ—κ²Œ. Joeκ°€ 'from'이라고 λ§ν•œ 것을 μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ„Έμš”. From은 μ‹œμž‘μ μ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
04:25
point and to was the level they reached. OK, one final example.
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toλŠ” 그듀이 λ„λ‹¬ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„€, λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
Here are your pay checks. Oh thank you very much. Thanks. Oh great.
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μ—¬κΈ° κΈ‰μ—¬ μˆ˜ν‘œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„, κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°μ‚¬ν•΄μš”. 였 쒋은.
04:38
I'm getting a salary increase this month. Me too.
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이번 달에 월급이 μΈμƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λ„μš”.
04:44
It's great to be appreciated. Yeah. They know we're doing a good job. Great. Mine's
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κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 응. 그듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μž˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—„μ²­λ‚œ. λ‚΄ 것이
04:49
gone up by 3%. How about about yours? Mine' s gone up as well.
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3 % μ¦κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 당신은 μ–΄λ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? λ‚΄ 것도 μ˜¬λΌκ°”μ–΄.
04:55
By how much? By 6%. They must be very pleased with my work.
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜? 6%. 그듀은 λ‚΄ μž‘μ—…μ— 맀우 λ§Œμ‘±ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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