Learn Present Perfect Tense | English Grammar Course

Hi, everyone.

大家好。

I'm Esther.

我是埃丝特。

In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.

在这段视频中，

我将介绍现在完成时。

This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,

这个时态可以用来

谈论过去发生的动作，

but when it happened is not very important or it’s unknown.

但它发生的时间不是很重要

或者是未知的。

It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.

它也可以用来谈论

从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。 我们真的想强调

We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.

这一行动已经发生了

多久 。

And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.

最后，

我们用这个时态来谈论最近的动作。

There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.

有很多东西需要学习，也有很多重要的信息，

所以请继续关注。

Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.

我们来谈谈现在完成时的一种用法。

This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.

这个时态可以用来谈论

过去发生的动作。

But when it happened is not important or not known.

但它何时发生并不重要或不为人知。

然而，

However, this action is important to the conversation right now.

这一行动对于现在的对话很重要。

Let's take a look at some examples.

让我们看一些例子。

The first one says, ‘I have been to Canada.’

第一个说：

“我去过加拿大。”

What we do here is we start with the subject, ‘I’.

我们在这里所做的是从主语

“我”开始。对于“我”、“你”、“我们”和“他们”，我们后面跟“有”。

For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’, we follow with ‘have’.

After that we use the past participle of the verb.

之后我们使用动词的过去分词。

In this case, the verb is ‘be’.

在这种情况下，动词是“be”。

所以过去分词是“been”。

And so the past participle is ‘been’.

‘I have been to Canada.’

“我去过加拿大。”

The next sentence says, ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’

下一句话是：

“我的表兄弟姐妹看过这部电影。”

My cousins is a ‘they’.

我的堂兄弟姐妹是“他们”。

And so again, we follow with ‘have’.

如此，我们再次跟上“有”。

And the past participle of see is ‘seen’.

see的过去分词是“看见”。

‘They have seen the movie.’

“他们看过这部电影。”

Or ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’

或者“我的表兄弟看过这部电影。”

The next example says, ‘Chad has gone home.’

下一个例子说：“查德已经回家了。”

Chad is a ‘he’.

查德是一个“他”。对于“他”、“她”、“它”，我们后面跟“有”。

For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we follow with ‘has’.

Then, the past participle ‘gone’ is for the verb ‘go’.

然后，过去分词“gone”用于动词“go”。

‘Chad has gone home.’

“查德已经回家了。”

And finally, ‘My phone has been fixed.’

最后，“我的手机已经修好了。”

My phone is an ‘it’.

我的手机是一个“它”。因此，我用“有”。

Therefore, I use ‘has’.

And then I need the past participle of ‘be’ – ‘been’.

然后我需要“be”的过去分词——“been”。

‘My phone has been fixed.’

“我的手机已经修好了。”

Let's move on to the next usage.

让我们继续下一个用法。

The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past

现在完成时也用于描述

从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。

and continues in the present.

‘for’ and since’ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.

“for”和“since”是用于

现在完成时的常用表达方式。

Let's take a look at these examples.

让我们看一下这些例子。

‘I have worked there since 2002.’

“我从 2002 年起就在那里工作。”

You'll notice we start with the subject.

您会注意到我们从主题开始。

If it's ‘I’, ‘you’ or ‘we’, we have ‘have’.

如果是“我”、“你”或“我们”，我们就有“有”。

Then the past participle of the verb.

然后是动词的过去分词。

In this case - ‘worked’.

在这种情况下-“有效”。

What you'll notice here is that we also have ‘since 2002’.

您会注意到这里还有“since 2002”。

This shows when the action started, so with the expression ‘since’, you need to use

这显示了操作开始的时间，

因此对于表达式“since”，

您需要使用特定的时间点。

a specific point in time.

The next example does the same thing.

下一个示例执行相同的操作。

‘You have had a car since last year.’

“你从去年就拥有了一辆车。”

Again, we use ‘since’, so we have a specific point in time - ‘last year’.

同样，我们使用“自”，

因此我们有一个特定的时间点 - “去年”。

Take a look at the next example.

看一下下一个例子。

‘Anna has liked him for weeks.’

“安娜喜欢他好几个星期了。”

In this case the subject is ‘Anna’.

在本例中，主语是“Anna”。

Which is a ‘she’, and so we use ‘has’.

这是一个“她”，所以我们使用“有”。

Then the past participle ‘liked’.

然后是过去分词“喜欢”。

However, at the end of the sentence, we see ‘for weeks’.

然而，在句子的末尾，

我们看到“几周”。

Not ‘since weeks’.

不是“几周以来”。

When we use ‘for’, we talk about the duration.

当我们使用“for”时，我们谈论的是持续时间。

We explain how long this action has been true.

我们会解释此操作已持续多长时间。

And finally, ‘We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.’

最后，“我们已经在这里吃过午餐 3 个月了。”

Again, the sentence ends with ‘for 3 months’.

同样，该句子以“3 个月”结尾。

So we show the duration.

所以我们显示持续时间。

Let's move on to the next usage.

让我们继续下一个用法。

In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently stopped.

此外，

现在完成时

可以用来描述

最近停止的动作。

Let’s take a look at some examples.

让我们看一些例子。

‘I have just been to the doctor,’

“我刚刚去看医生”，

So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,

所以就像所有其他用法一样，

我们从主语“have”或“has”

‘have’ or ‘has’, and the past participle.

以及过去分词开始。

But you'll notice here, I used the word ‘just’ between ‘have’ and the verb.

但你会注意到这里，

我在“have”和动词之间使用了“just”一词。

‘I have just been to the doctor.’

“我刚刚去看医生。”

This shows that it happened very recently.

这表明它是最近发生的。

The next example says, ‘James has just seen his new baby.’

下一个例子说：

“詹姆斯刚刚看到他的新宝宝。”

Again, just goes in between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.

同样，只需放在“have”或“has”与动词之间。

Take a look at the next example.

看一下下一个例子。

It says, ‘She has already been to China.’

上面写着：“她已经去过中国了。”

‘already’ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.

“已经”是你可以使用的另一个词

以表明此操作最近发生。

However, ‘already’ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.

然而，

“已经”也可以移到句子的末尾。

因此，说

So it's perfectly fine to say, ‘She has been to China already.’

“她已经去过中国了”是完全可以的。

And in the last example, ‘We have recently visited Tom.’

在最后一个例子中，

“我们最近拜访了汤姆。”

Again, you can put this word between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.

同样，

您可以将该词放在“have”或“has”与动词之间。

Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.

或者你也可以把它放在句子的末尾。

‘We have visited Tom recently.’

“我们最近拜访过汤姆。”

Let's move on.

让我们继续。

Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.

让我们看一下

现在完成时的否定形式。

Here are some examples.

这里有些例子。

The first one says, ‘I have not been to Europe.’

第一个说：“我没去过欧洲。”

What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between ‘have’ and ‘been’.

您会在第一句中注意到

我们只是

在“have”和“been”之间添加了“not”。

‘I have not been to Europe.’

“我没去过欧洲。”

You can also use a contraction and say ‘I haven't been to Europe.’

您还可以使用缩写形式

说“我没去过欧洲”。

The next sentence says, ‘It has not rained for 3 months.’

下一句是：

“已经三个月没下雨了。”

Again, we put the ‘not’ between the ‘has’ and the verb.

同样，我们将“not”放在

“has”和动词之间。

‘It has not rained for 3 months.’

“已经三个月没下雨了。”

这里我们有一个时间表达式

Here we have a time expression to show the duration.

来显示持续时间。

The next example says, ‘Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.’

下一个例子说：

“Teddy 已经 2 年没有开车了。”

We used the contraction here for ‘has’ and ‘not’ – ‘hasn't’.

我们在这里使用缩写来表示“has”和“not”——“hasn't”。

And then we use the time expression ‘for 2 years’ at the end of the sentence.

然后我们

在句末使用时间表达“两年”。

And finally, the last sentence says, ‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’

最后，最后一句话是：

“我的儿子们自 2010 年以来就没有踢过足球。”

We see another contraction here for ‘have not’ – ‘haven't’.

我们在这里看到“have not”的另一个缩写形式——“haven't”。

‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’

“我的儿子们自 2010 年以来就没有踢过足球了。”

This time expression uses ‘since’.

这次表达使用“since”。

And so we mention a specific point and time.

所以我们提到了一个特定的点和时间。

让我们继续。

Let's move on.

Now let's take a look at the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question form of the present perfect tense.

现在让我们看一下

现在完成时的“have”或“has”疑问句形式。

Take a look at the board.

看看黑板。

The first sentence says, ‘Mike has eaten lunch.’

第一句话是：

“迈克已经吃过午饭了。”

That is a statement.

这是一个声明。

Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.

现在把它变成一个问题，这很容易。

All you have to do is put ‘has’ at the beginning.

您所要做的就是在开头加上“has”。

Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.

然后跟主语

，然后是过去分词。

You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.

您会注意到过去分词的位置

没有改变。

We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.

我们只是改变了前两个单词的顺序。

‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’

“迈克吃过午饭了吗？”

‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’

“迈克吃过午饭了吗？”

And you can answer by saying ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’

你可以回答说“是的，他有。”

或者“不，他没有。”

The next sentence says, ‘They have watched the video.’

下一句话是：

“他们已经观看了视频。”

This is a statement.

这是一个声明。

If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.

如果我们想把它变成一个问题，

我们再次改变前两个单词的顺序。

‘Have they…?’

“他们有……吗？”

And the past participle verb stays in the same place.

过去分词动词保持在同一个位置。

‘Have they watched the video?’

“他们看过视频吗？”

‘Have they watched the video?’

“他们看过视频吗？”

You can answer this question by saying, ‘Yes, they have.’

你可以这样回答这个问题：

“是的，他们有。”或“不，他们没有。”

or ‘No, they haven't.’

Good job, guys.

干得好，伙计们。让我们继续。

Let's move on.

Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.

现在，我将简要介绍如何用

现在完成时问WH问题。

Take a look at the board.

看看黑板。

I have ‘where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘how’.

我有“哪里”、“什么”、“谁”和“如何”。

These go at the beginning of the question.

这些都在问题的开头。

Let's take a look at the first example.

让我们看一下第一个例子。

‘Where has Tim been?’

“蒂姆去哪儿了？”

You'll notice we followed the WH word with ‘has’ or ‘have’.

您会注意到我们在 WH 单词后面加上了“has”或“have”。

In this case, I used ‘has’ because the subject is ‘Tim’, and Tim is a ‘he’.

在本例中，我使用“has”，因为主语是“Tim”，

而 Tim 是“he”。

And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.

然后我们跟上

动词的过去分词。

‘Where has Tim been?’

“蒂姆去哪儿了？”

And I can answer by saying, ‘Tim has been home.’

我可以回答说：

“蒂姆已经回家了。”

or ‘Tim has been on vacation.’

或“蒂姆去度假了。”

Something like that.

类似的事情。

The next question says, what countries have you visited?

下一个问题是，

你去过哪些国家？

I can answer by saying, ‘I have visited China.’

我可以回答说：

“我访问过中国。”

或“我访问过墨西哥。”

or ‘I have visited Mexico.’

You can also use the contraction ‘I’ve’.

您还可以使用缩写“Ive”。

‘I've visited China.’

“我访问过中国。”

The next question says, ‘Who has she talked to?’

下一个问题是：

“她和谁谈过？”

You can answer by saying, ‘She has talked to her mom.’ or ‘She has talked to her teacher.’

您可以这样回答：

“她已经和她妈妈谈过了。”

或“她已经和她的老师谈过了。”

The next question says, ‘How long have you been married?’

下一个问题是：

“你们结婚多久了？”

‘I've been married for 3 years.’

“我已经结婚三年了。”

That's one answer that you can give.

这是你可以给出的一个答案。

Great job, everybody.

干得好，大家。让我们继续。

Let's move on.

Excellent job, everyone.

干得好，大家。

You just learned about the present perfect tense.

您刚刚了解了现在完成时。

There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.

有很多东西需要学习，但你做得非常出色。

Keep studying English.

继续学习英语。

I know that it’s hard, but you’ll get better with time, effort, and practice.

我知道这很难，

但通过时间、努力和练习，你会变得更好。

I’ll see you in the next video.

我们将在下一个视频中见到您。