Learn Present Perfect Tense | English Grammar Course

349,777 views ・ 2020-01-12

Shaw English Online


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Hi, everyone.
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I'm Esther.
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In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.
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This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,
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but when it happened is not very important or it’s unknown.
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It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
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We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.
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And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.
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There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.
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Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.
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This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
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But when it happened is not important or not known.
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However, this action is important to the conversation right now.
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Let's take a look at some examples.
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The first one says, ‘I have been to Canada.’
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What we do here is we start with the subject, ‘I’.
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For ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’, and ‘they’, we follow with ‘have’.
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After that we use the past participle of the verb.
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In this case, the verb is ‘be’.
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And so the past participle is ‘been’.
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‘I have been to Canada.’
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The next sentence says, ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’
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My cousins is a ‘they’.
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And so again, we follow with ‘have’.
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And the past participle of see is ‘seen’.
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‘They have seen the movie.’
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Or ‘My cousins have seen the movie.’
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The next example says, ‘Chad has gone home.’
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Chad is a ‘he’.
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For ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’, we follow with ‘has’.
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Then, the past participle ‘gone’ is for the verb ‘go’.
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‘Chad has gone home.’
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And finally, ‘My phone has been fixed.’
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My phone is an ‘it’.
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Therefore, I use ‘has’.
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And then I need the past participle of ‘be’ – ‘been’.
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‘My phone has been fixed.’
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Let's move on to the next usage.
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The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past
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and continues in the present.
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‘for’ and since’ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.
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Let's take a look at these examples.
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‘I have worked there since 2002.’
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You'll notice we start with the subject.
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If it's ‘I’, ‘you’ or ‘we’, we have ‘have’.
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Then the past participle of the verb.
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In this case - ‘worked’.
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What you'll notice here is that we also have ‘since 2002’.
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This shows when the action started, so with the expression ‘since’, you need to use
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a specific point in time.
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The next example does the same thing.
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‘You have had a car since last year.’
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Again, we use ‘since’, so we have a specific point in time - ‘last year’.
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Take a look at the next example.
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‘Anna has liked him for weeks.’
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In this case the subject is ‘Anna’.
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Which is a ‘she’, and so we use ‘has’.
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Then the past participle ‘liked’.
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However, at the end of the sentence, we see ‘for weeks’.
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Not ‘since weeks’.
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When we use ‘for’, we talk about the duration.
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We explain how long this action has been true.
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And finally, ‘We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.’
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Again, the sentence ends with ‘for 3 months’.
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So we show the duration.
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Let's move on to the next usage.
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In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently stopped.
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Let’s take a look at some examples.
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‘I have just been to the doctor,’
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So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,
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‘have’ or ‘has’, and the past participle.
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But you'll notice here, I used the word ‘just’ between ‘have’ and the verb.
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‘I have just been to the doctor.’
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This shows that it happened very recently.
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The next example says, ‘James has just seen his new baby.’
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Again, just goes in between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.
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Take a look at the next example.
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It says, ‘She has already been to China.’
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‘already’ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.
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However, ‘already’ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.
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So it's perfectly fine to say, ‘She has been to China already.’
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And in the last example, ‘We have recently visited Tom.’
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Again, you can put this word between ‘have’ or ‘has’ and the verb.
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Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.
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‘We have visited Tom recently.’
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Let's move on.
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Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.
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Here are some examples.
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The first one says, ‘I have not been to Europe.’
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What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between ‘have’ and ‘been’.
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‘I have not been to Europe.’
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You can also use a contraction and say ‘I haven't been to Europe.’
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The next sentence says, ‘It has not rained for 3 months.’
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Again, we put the ‘not’ between the ‘has’ and the verb.
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‘It has not rained for 3 months.’
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Here we have a time expression to show the duration.
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The next example says, ‘Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.’
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We used the contraction here for ‘has’ and ‘not’ – ‘hasn't’.
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And then we use the time expression ‘for 2 years’ at the end of the sentence.
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And finally, the last sentence says, ‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
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We see another contraction here for ‘have not’ – ‘haven't’.
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‘My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
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This time expression uses ‘since’.
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And so we mention a specific point and time.
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Let's move on.
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Now let's take a look at the ‘have’ or ‘has’ question form of the present perfect tense.
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Take a look at the board.
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The first sentence says, ‘Mike has eaten lunch.’
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That is a statement.
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Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.
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All you have to do is put ‘has’ at the beginning.
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Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.
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You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.
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We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.
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‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’
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‘Has Mike eaten lunch?’
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And you can answer by saying ‘Yes, he has.’ or ‘No, he hasn't.’
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The next sentence says, ‘They have watched the video.’
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This is a statement.
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If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.
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‘Have they…?’
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And the past participle verb stays in the same place.
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‘Have they watched the video?’
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‘Have they watched the video?’
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You can answer this question by saying, ‘Yes, they have.’
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or ‘No, they haven't.’
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Good job, guys.
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Let's move on.
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Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.
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Take a look at the board.
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I have ‘where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘how’.
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These go at the beginning of the question.
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Let's take a look at the first example.
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‘Where has Tim been?’
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You'll notice we followed the WH word with ‘has’ or ‘have’.
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In this case, I used ‘has’ because the subject is ‘Tim’, and Tim is a ‘he’.
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And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.
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‘Where has Tim been?’
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And I can answer by saying, ‘Tim has been home.’
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or ‘Tim has been on vacation.’
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Something like that.
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The next question says, what countries have you visited?
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I can answer by saying, ‘I have visited China.’
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or ‘I have visited Mexico.’
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You can also use the contraction ‘I’ve’.
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‘I've visited China.’
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The next question says, ‘Who has she talked to?’
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You can answer by saying, ‘She has talked to her mom.’ or ‘She has talked to her teacher.’
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The next question says, ‘How long have you been married?’
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‘I've been married for 3 years.’
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That's one answer that you can give.
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Great job, everybody.
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Let's move on.
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Excellent job, everyone.
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You just learned about the present perfect tense.
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There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
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Keep studying English.
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I know that it’s hard, but you’ll get better with time, effort, and practice.
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I’ll see you in the next video.
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