Learn Present Perfect Tense | English Grammar Course

349,777 views ・ 2020-01-12

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hi, everyone.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
00:01
I'm Esther.
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μ €λŠ” μ—μŠ€λ”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:02
In this video, I'm going to introduce the present perfect tense.
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이번 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό μ†Œκ°œν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:06
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past,
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수
00:11
but when it happened is not very important or it’s unknown.
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, μ–Έμ œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€λŠ” 그닀지 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜ μ•Œ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
It can also be used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
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λ˜ν•œ 과거에 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œλ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
We really want to emphasize how long that action has been happening.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 행동이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
And finally, we use this tense to talk about a recent action.
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ‹œμ œλ₯Ό 졜근의 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:33
There's a lot to learn and a lot of important information, so keep watching.
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배울 것도 많고 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 정보도 λ§ŽμœΌλ‹ˆ 계속 μ‹œμ²­ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
00:41
Let's talk about one usage of the present perfect tense.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜ μš©λ‘€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€ .
00:45
This tense can be used to talk about an action that happened in the past.
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이 μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 말할 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:50
But when it happened is not important or not known.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ–Έμ œ λ°œμƒν–ˆλŠ”μ§€λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜ μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
However, this action is important to the conversation right now.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜μ΄ μž‘μ—…μ€ μ§€κΈˆ λŒ€ν™”μ— μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:01
Let's take a look at some examples.
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
The first one says, β€˜I have been to Canada.’
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 'I have been to Canada'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
What we do here is we start with the subject, β€˜I’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일은 'I'λΌλŠ” 주제둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:12
For β€˜I’, β€˜you’, β€˜we’, and β€˜they’, we follow with β€˜have’.
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'λ‚˜', 'λ„ˆ', '우리', 'κ·Έλ“€'은 뒀에 'have'κ°€ λΆ™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
After that we use the past participle of the verb.
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κ·Έ 후에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
01:21
In this case, the verb is β€˜be’.
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이 경우 λ™μ‚¬λŠ” 'be'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
And so the past participle is β€˜been’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” 'been'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
β€˜I have been to Canada.’
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'I have been to Canada.'
01:29
The next sentence says, β€˜My cousins have seen the movie.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 'λ‚΄ μ‚¬μ΄Œλ“€μ΄ μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ΄€λ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
My cousins is a β€˜they’.
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λ‚΄ μ‚¬μ΄Œλ“€μ€ 'κ·Έλ“€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
And so again, we follow with β€˜have’.
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그리고 λ‹€μ‹œ 'have'λ₯Ό λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
And the past participle of see is β€˜seen’.
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그리고 see의 κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” 'λ³Έλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
β€˜They have seen the movie.’
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'그듀은 μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.'
01:46
Or β€˜My cousins have seen the movie.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'λ‚΄ μ‚¬μ΄Œλ“€μ΄ μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€.'
01:50
The next example says, β€˜Chad has gone home.’
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜ˆλŠ” 'Chadκ°€ 집에 κ°”λ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Chad is a β€˜he’.
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ChadλŠ” 'κ·Έ'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
For β€˜he’, β€˜she’, β€˜it’, we follow with β€˜has’.
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'κ·Έ', 'κ·Έλ…€', '그것'은 뒀에 '가지닀'κ°€ λΆ™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
Then, the past participle β€˜gone’ is for the verb β€˜go’.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사 'gone'은 동사 'go'λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
β€˜Chad has gone home.’
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'μ±„λ“œκ°€ 집에 κ°”μ–΄.'
02:09
And finally, β€˜My phone has been fixed.’
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그리고 λ“œλ””μ–΄ 'λ‚΄ 폰 κ³ μ³€μ–΄.'
02:12
My phone is an β€˜it’.
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λ‚΄ 폰은 'μž‡'이야.
02:15
Therefore, I use β€˜has’.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 'μžˆλ‹€'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
And then I need the past participle of β€˜be’ – β€˜been’.
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그리고 'be' – 'been'의 κ³Όκ±° 뢄사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:21
β€˜My phone has been fixed.’
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'ν•Έλ“œν°μ΄ κ³ μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
02:24
Let's move on to the next usage.
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λ‹€μŒ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€.
02:27
The present perfect tense is also used to describe an action that started in the past
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλŠ” 과거에 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” λ™μž‘μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데에도 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:33
and continues in the present.
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.
02:35
β€˜for’ and since’ are common expressions used with the present perfect tense.
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'for'와 since'λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 일반적인 ν‘œν˜„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
Let's take a look at these examples.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
β€˜I have worked there since 2002.’
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'μ €λŠ” 2002λ…„λΆ€ν„° κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
02:48
You'll notice we start with the subject.
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μ£Όμ œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
If it's β€˜I’, β€˜you’ or β€˜we’, we have β€˜have’.
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'λ‚˜', 'λ„ˆ', '우리'라면 ' μžˆλ‹€'κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.
02:54
Then the past participle of the verb.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ λ™μ‚¬μ˜ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사.
02:57
In this case - β€˜worked’.
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이 경우 - 'μΌν–ˆλ‹€'.
03:00
What you'll notice here is that we also have β€˜since 2002’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은 'since 2002'도 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
This shows when the action started, so with the expression β€˜since’, you need to use
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μ•‘μ…˜μ΄ μ‹œμž‘λœ μ‹œμ μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λ―€λ‘œ 'since'λΌλŠ” ν‘œν˜„μ€
03:11
a specific point in time.
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νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
The next example does the same thing.
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜ˆμ œλŠ” λ™μΌν•œ μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
β€˜You have had a car since last year.’
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'당신은 μž‘λ…„λΆ€ν„° μ°¨λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
03:20
Again, we use β€˜since’, so we have a specific point in time - β€˜last year’.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 'since'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ 'μž‘λ…„'μ΄λΌλŠ” νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Take a look at the next example.
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λ‹€μŒ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
03:29
β€˜Anna has liked him for weeks.’
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'AnnaλŠ” λͺ‡ μ£Ό λ™μ•ˆ κ·Έλ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
03:32
In this case the subject is β€˜Anna’.
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이 경우 μ£Όμ–΄λŠ” 'Anna'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
Which is a β€˜she’, and so we use β€˜has’.
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'she'μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 'has'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
Then the past participle β€˜liked’.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬λŠ” 'μ’‹μ•„μš”'.
03:41
However, at the end of the sentence, we see β€˜for weeks’.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ¬Έμž₯ 끝에 'for weeks'κ°€ ν‘œμ‹œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
Not β€˜since weeks’.
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'λͺ‡ μ£Ό 이후'κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
When we use β€˜for’, we talk about the duration.
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'for'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ 기간에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
We explain how long this action has been true.
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이 μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 였래 μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
And finally, β€˜We have eaten lunch here for 3 months.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 'μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€' .
04:01
Again, the sentence ends with β€˜for 3 months’.
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또 '3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ'으둜 λ¬Έμž₯이 λλ‚œλ‹€.
04:05
So we show the duration.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 기간을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
Let's move on to the next usage.
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λ‹€μŒ μ‚¬μš©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€.
04:11
In addition, the present perfect tense can be used to describe an action that recently stopped.
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λ˜ν•œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œλŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— 멈좘 λ™μž‘μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
Let’s take a look at some examples.
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
β€˜I have just been to the doctor,’
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'I have just been to the doctor,'
04:24
So just like for all the other usages, we start with the subject,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  μš©λ²•κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ£Όμ–΄
04:28
β€˜have’ or β€˜has’, and the past participle.
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'have' λ˜λŠ” 'has'와 κ³Όκ±°λΆ„μ‚¬λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
But you'll notice here, I used the word β€˜just’ between β€˜have’ and the verb.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 'have'와 동사 사이에 'just'λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
β€˜I have just been to the doctor.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 방금 μ˜μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ κ°”λ‹€.'
04:40
This shows that it happened very recently.
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이것은 μ•„μ£Ό μ΅œκ·Όμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚œ μΌμž„μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
The next example says, β€˜James has just seen his new baby.’
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜ˆλŠ” 'James has just saw his new baby'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
Again, just goes in between β€˜have’ or β€˜has’ and the verb.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 'have' λ˜λŠ” 'has'와 동사 사이에 λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
Take a look at the next example.
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λ‹€μŒ 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
04:58
It says, β€˜She has already been to China.’
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'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 이미 쀑ꡭ에 κ°€λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 μ“°μ—¬ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. '
05:02
β€˜already’ is another word you can use to show that this action recently happened.
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이미'λŠ” 이 행동이 μ΅œκ·Όμ— μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
However, β€˜already’ can also be moved to the end of the sentence.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ '이미'λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯의 끝으둜 이동할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
So it's perfectly fine to say, β€˜She has been to China already.’
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 이미 쀑ꡭ에 λ‹€λ…€μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
And in the last example, β€˜We have recently visited Tom.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” 'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— Tom을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 말해도 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:24
Again, you can put this word between β€˜have’ or β€˜has’ and the verb.
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. 이 단어λ₯Ό 'have' λ˜λŠ” 'has'와 동사 사이에 λ‹€μ‹œ 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
Or you can also put it at the end of the sentence.
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λ˜λŠ” λ¬Έμž₯ 끝에 넣을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
β€˜We have visited Tom recently.’
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'μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— Tom을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.' λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ
05:36
Let's move on.
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λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘μ‹œλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œ
05:38
Let's take a look at the negative form of the present perfect tense.
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의 λΆ€μ •ν˜•μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:42
Here are some examples.
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:44
The first one says, β€˜I have not been to Europe.’
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 'I have not been to Europe'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
What you'll notice in the first sentence is that we simply put a 'not' between β€˜have’ and β€˜been’.
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것은 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 'have'와 'been' 사이에 'not'을 λ„£μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. '
05:55
β€˜I have not been to Europe.’
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I have not been to Europe.'
05:59
You can also use a contraction and say β€˜I haven't been to Europe.’
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λ˜ν•œ μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 'I haven't been to Europe'이라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
The next sentence says, β€˜It has not rained for 3 months.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 ' 3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ λΉ„κ°€ μ˜€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:10
Again, we put the β€˜not’ between the β€˜has’ and the verb.
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. λ‹€μ‹œ 'not'을 λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 'μžˆλ‹€' 와 동사 사이.
06:15
β€˜It has not rained for 3 months.’
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'3κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ λΉ„κ°€ 내리지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
06:19
Here we have a time expression to show the duration.
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여기에 기간을 ν‘œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:24
The next example says, β€˜Teddy hasn't driven for 2 years.’
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜ˆλŠ” 'TeddyλŠ” 2λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μš΄μ „μ„ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:29
We used the contraction here for β€˜has’ and β€˜not’ – β€˜hasn't’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 'has' 와 'not' – 'hasn't'에 μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
And then we use the time expression β€˜for 2 years’ at the end of the sentence.
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그리고 λ¬Έμž₯ 끝에 'for 2 years'λΌλŠ” μ‹œκ°„ ν‘œν˜„μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:40
And finally, the last sentence says, β€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ¬Έμž₯은 'λ‚΄ 아듀듀은 2010λ…„ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ 좕ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
We see another contraction here for β€˜have not’ – β€˜haven't’.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 'have not' – 'haven't'에 λŒ€ν•œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
β€˜My sons haven't played soccer since 2010.’
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'우리 아듀듀은 2010λ…„ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ 좕ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
06:58
This time expression uses β€˜since’.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” 'since'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” ν‘œν˜„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:00
And so we mention a specific point and time.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŠΉμ • μ‹œμ κ³Ό μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
Let's move on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
07:06
Now let's take a look at the β€˜have’ or β€˜has’ question form of the present perfect tense.
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이제 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ˜ 'have' λ˜λŠ” 'has' 의문문 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
Take a look at the board.
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λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
07:14
The first sentence says, β€˜Mike has eaten lunch.’
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첫 번째 λ¬Έμž₯은 'λ§ˆμ΄ν¬κ°€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
That is a statement.
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그것은 μ§„μˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:20
Now to turn it into a question, it's quite easy.
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이제 그것을 질문으둜 λ°”κΎΈλ©΄ μ•„μ£Ό μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 맨 μ•žμ—
07:24
All you have to do is put β€˜has’ at the beginning.
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'has'λ₯Ό λΆ™μ΄κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:27
Then you follow with the subject and then the past participle.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ μ£Όμ œμ™€ κ³Όκ±° 뢄사λ₯Ό λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:32
You'll notice that the placement of the past participle doesn't change.
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κ³Όκ±° λΆ„μ‚¬μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜κ°€ λ³€κ²½λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:38
We've simply changed the order of the first 2 words.
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처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ§Œ λ³€κ²½ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . '
07:41
β€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?’
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λ§ˆμ΄ν¬κ°€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?' '
07:44
β€˜Has Mike eaten lunch?’
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λ§ˆμ΄ν¬κ°€ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
07:46
And you can answer by saying β€˜Yes, he has.’ or β€˜No, he hasn't.’
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그러면 '예, λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.' λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€, μ•ˆ λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜λ©΄
07:53
The next sentence says, β€˜They have watched the video.’
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λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯은 '그듀은 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
This is a statement.
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이것은 μ§„μˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
If we want to turn it into a question, again, we change the order of the first two words.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 질문으둜 λ°”κΎΈκ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ 처음 두 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ³€κ²½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
β€˜Have they…?’
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Have they…
08:07
And the past participle verb stays in the same place.
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08:11
β€˜Have they watched the video?’
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'그듀은 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?' '그듀은
08:14
β€˜Have they watched the video?’
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λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'
08:17
You can answer this question by saying, β€˜Yes, they have.’
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— '예, λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
08:20
or β€˜No, they haven't.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€, λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:23
Good job, guys.
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.
08:24
Let's move on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
08:25
Now, I'll briefly introduce how to ask WH questions in the present perfect tense.
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이제 ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ—μ„œ WH μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 κ°„λž΅ν•˜κ²Œ μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:31
Take a look at the board.
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λ³΄λ“œλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
08:33
I have β€˜where’, β€˜what’, β€˜who’, and β€˜how’.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 'μ–΄λ””μ„œ', '무엇을', 'λˆ„κ°€', 'μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ'κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
These go at the beginning of the question.
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이듀은 질문의 μ‹œμž‘ 뢀뢄에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
Let's take a look at the first example.
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첫 번째 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
β€˜Where has Tim been?’
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'νŒ€μ€ 어디에 μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?'
08:46
You'll notice we followed the WH word with β€˜has’ or β€˜have’.
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WH 단어 뒀에 'μžˆλ‹€' λ˜λŠ” 'μžˆλ‹€'κ°€ 뢙은 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
In this case, I used β€˜has’ because the subject is β€˜Tim’, and Tim is a β€˜he’.
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이 경우 μ£Όμ–΄κ°€ 'Tim'이고 Tim이 'he'이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 'has'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
And then we followed that with the past participle of the verb.
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ™μ‚¬μ˜ 과거뢄사λ₯Ό λ”°λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
09:02
β€˜Where has Tim been?’
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'νŒ€μ΄ μ–΄λ”” μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄?'
09:04
And I can answer by saying, β€˜Tim has been home.’
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그리고 λ‚˜λŠ” 'νŒ€μ΄ 집에 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€'
09:08
or β€˜Tim has been on vacation.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'νŒ€μ΄ νœ΄κ°€λ₯Ό κ°”λ‹€'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:10
Something like that.
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.
09:12
The next question says, what countries have you visited?
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ μ–΄λ–€ λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:16
I can answer by saying, β€˜I have visited China.’
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'λ‚˜λŠ” 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .'
09:21
or β€˜I have visited Mexico.’
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λ˜λŠ” 'λ‚˜λŠ” λ©•μ‹œμ½”λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
You can also use the contraction β€˜I’ve’.
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'I've'λΌλŠ” μΆ•μ•½ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. '
09:25
β€˜I've visited China.’
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λ‚˜λŠ” 쀑ꡭ을 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'
09:28
The next question says, β€˜Who has she talked to?’
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ 'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ 이야기λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. '
09:32
You can answer by saying, β€˜She has talked to her mom.’ or β€˜She has talked to her teacher.’
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ—„λ§ˆμ™€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .' λ˜λŠ” 'κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ³Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.'라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
The next question says, β€˜How long have you been married?’
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λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. , ' κ²°ν˜Όν•œ 지 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λμ–΄μš”?' '
09:44
β€˜I've been married for 3 years.’
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κ²°ν˜Όν•œ 지 3λ…„ λμ–΄μš”.
09:47
That's one answer that you can give.
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09:49
Great job, everybody.
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λͺ¨λ‘ μˆ˜κ³ ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
Let's move on.
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κ³„μ†ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
09:52
Excellent job, everyone.
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
09:54
You just learned about the present perfect tense.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œ μ‹œμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
09:57
There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
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배울 점이 λ§Žμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 일을 ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
Keep studying English.
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계속 μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
10:02
I know that it’s hard, but you’ll get better with time, effort, and practice.
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νž˜λ“€λ‹€λŠ” 건 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό λ…Έλ ₯κ³Ό μ—°μŠ΅μ„ 톡해 λ‚˜μ•„μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
I’ll see you in the next video.
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λ‹€μŒ μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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