Prepositions Made Easy: In, On, and At (Inverted Pyramid)

206,998 views ใƒป 2014-02-13

RealLife English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey guys, how's it going?
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€่ชฟๅญใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:01
I'm Justin, welcome to another episode of RealLife TV.
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ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚RealLife TV ใฎๅˆฅใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ ใ€‚
00:05
Today I'm going to teach you how to use the prepositions of in, on and at with this awesome
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ€ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž inใ€onใ€at ใ‚’ใ“ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
00:12
inverted pyramid. So, stay tuned!
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้€†ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซ๏ผ
00:21
Is this RealLife?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒชใ‚ขใƒซใƒฉใ‚คใƒ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:24
Ok, so this is a little bit of a confusing topic for most people, but luckily I have
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใซใจใฃใฆๅฐ‘ใ—็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซ
00:29
a really awesome resource that's going to help you learn this in just a few minutes
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ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใšใ‹ๆ•ฐๅˆ†ใงๅญฆใณ
00:34
and never forget.
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ใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
00:35
So, let me introduce you to the inverted pyramid.
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ใงใฏใ€้€†ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
On this pyramid, as you can see, on the top you have IN. It's more general, it's bigger.
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎไธ€็•ชไธŠ ใซ IN ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:47
So, as you move down the pyramid, it gets more specific. So, we're going from "in,"
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ไธ‹ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใคใ‚Œใฆใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
00:51
which is bigger and more general, to "on," which is more specific, to "at," which is
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ€Œinใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใ€Œonใ€
00:57
very specific, with both time and geographic locations.
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ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใจๅœฐ็†็š„ไฝ็ฝฎใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ๅซใ‚€้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใ€Œatใ€ใธใจ็งป่กŒใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:01
So, let me explain first geographic location, which is on the right side of this pyramid,
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ใงใฏใ€ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎๅณๅดใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅœฐ็†็š„ไฝ็ฝฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:06
as you can see. So, "in," on the top, which is bigger and more general, you talk about
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ใ€‚ ไธ€็•ชไธŠใฎใ€Œinใ€ ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใง
01:12
"in a country," "in the United States," "in Mexico." You can say a whole region or continent
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ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใงใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็ฑณๅ›ฝใงใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒกใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ณใงใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅœฐๅŸŸๅ…จไฝ“ใพใŸใฏๅคง้™ธๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Œใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ใงใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:20
- "in Europe." You can say "in Seattle," "in New York," "in London."
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ทใ‚ขใƒˆใƒซใงใ€ ใ€ใ€Œใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใงใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใงใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
And you can get more specific as we move down, "in a neighbourhood," "in a part of town,"
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œ่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็”บใฎไธ€้ƒจใ€
01:32
"in Chinatown," "in the Bronx." So that's "in" for geographic location.
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ใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒฃใ‚คใƒŠใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใƒณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒญใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€ใจไธ‹ใซ่กŒใใซใคใ‚Œใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅœฐ็†็š„ใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใฎใ€Œไธญใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:38
As you move down the pyramid, you have "on." So, "on" is a little bit more specific with
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ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ไธ‹ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œonใ€ใฏใ€
01:46
streets, avenues, and even longer things, like rivers.
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้€šใ‚Šใ€ๅคง้€šใ‚Šใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ ใฏๅทใชใฉใฎ้•ทใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:51
So, moving down the pyramid you have "at," which is the most specific part of the pyramid
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ไธ‹ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅœฐ็†็š„ไฝ็ฝฎ ใฎใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œatใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:57
for geographic location. You have "at" for the address with specific location, which
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใฎไฝๆ‰€ใซ
02:03
is sometimes "at the corner" as well. So, "at 323 Broadway St.," "at my house," "at
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ใฏใ€Œatใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ่ง’ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ค ใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒˆ 323 ็•ชๅœฐใงใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๅฎถใงใ€
02:12
the park," "at the store."
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ใ€ใ€Œๅ…ฌๅœ’ใงใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅบ—ใงใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
02:14
So, that's geographic location.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅœฐ็†็š„ใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:16
Moving to the other side of the pyramid, the left side of the pyramid, you have time, prepositions
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ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎๅๅฏพๅดใ€ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎๅทฆๅดใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๆ™‚้–“
02:22
of time.So, on the top, you have "in." You have "in," bigger portions of time. You have
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ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใฎใ€Œๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒๅคงใใใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:29
"in the 19th century," you have "in the 1980's," "in the 1990's," you have "in 2011," "in 1997."
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ใ€Œ19 ไธ–็ด€ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ1980 ๅนดไปฃใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ1990 ๅนดไปฃใ€ใ€ใ€Œ2011 ๅนดใ€ใ€ใ€Œ1997 ๅนดใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:41
And then you move down more specifically to months. So it's "in July," "in August," "in
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ ๆœˆใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ7 ๆœˆใ€ใ€ใ€Œ8 ๆœˆใ€
02:49
the second week of March," "my birthday is in the first week of March," for example.
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ใ€ใ€Œ3 ๆœˆใฎ็ฌฌ 2 ้€ฑใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใฏ 3 ๆœˆใฎ็ฌฌ 1 ้€ฑใงใ™ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
02:55
So that's "in," which is bigger, more general.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œinใ€ใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคงใใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:59
Moving down the pyramid, to "on," you have more specific, on a certain day. "It's on
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ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚’ไธ‹ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใช็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ—ฅใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
03:05
my birthday."
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็งใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:07
In "in" you had a week. A period of a week or more. "On" is a specific day and even the
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ใ€Œinใ€ใงใฏ1้€ฑ้–“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ 1้€ฑ้–“ ไปฅไธŠใฎๆœŸ้–“ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ—ฅใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ
03:17
weekend. In the United States we say "on the weekend." Sometimes an exception to this is
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้€ฑๆœซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใฏใ€Œ ้€ฑๆœซใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ไพ‹ๅค–ใจใ—ใฆ
03:22
when in England they say "at the weekend," but you have "on the weekend," "on my birthday,"
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ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใงใฏใ€Œ้€ฑๆœซใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ† ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ้€ฑๆœซใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใซใ€ใ€
03:28
"on the 17th of April."
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ใ€Œ4 ๆœˆ 17 ๆ—ฅใซใ€ใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:30
So, that's "on."
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:32
Moving down, more specifically, to the more narrow part of the pyramid you have "at."
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ ใฏใ€ใƒ”ใƒฉใƒŸใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎใ€Œใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็‹ญใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:38
So, "at" specific times, you have "at 7am," "at 2pm," "at night," "at lunch," "at breakfast,"
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€"at" ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซใฏใ€"at 7am" ใ€"at 2pm"ใ€"at night"ใ€"at lunch"ใ€"at Breakfast"ใ€
03:48
"at dinner."
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"at dinner" ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:49
A few exceptions to this are "in the morning," "in the afternoon," "in the evening." So,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅˆๅ‰ไธญใ€ ใ€ใ€ŒๅˆๅพŒใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅค•ๆ–นใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
03:56
that's "in," but those are exceptions.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œไธญใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:00
So, these rules work in about 90% of the situations, most situations. So, they're not going to
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏ็ด„ 90% ใฎ็Šถๆณใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ็ŠถๆณใงๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€100% ๆญฃ็ขบใพใŸใฏๆญฃ็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใฎ
04:05
be 100% accurate or correct, so you need to really listen, pay attention and memorize
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใ‚’ๅ‚พใ‘ใ€ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ„ใ€
04:13
other situations as well. But this is going to really give you the foundation to learn
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ไป–ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚‚่จ˜ๆ†ถใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จ ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใๅญฆใถใŸใ‚ใฎๅŸบ็คŽใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™
04:17
this well, to use your prepositions correctly.
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.
04:20
So, thank you very much, I really enjoyed being here today, make sure you subscribe
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
04:25
to our channel and check out our website, we have some really great stuff there.
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ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:29
Take care, guys.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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