English Writing - Paraphrasing

498,684 views ใƒป 2009-08-10

Learn English with Rebecca


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, my name is Rebecca and in today's lesson we're going to be talking about paraphrasing.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒจ๋Ÿฌํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์ง•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
Now what is paraphrasing and why is it important?
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ํŒจ๋Ÿฌํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์ง•์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:19
Paraphrasing is expressing the same ideas that you have heard or read in your own words,
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Paraphrasing์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฝ์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง๋กœ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:25
in different words.
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.
00:27
Why is it difficult to do this?
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์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:30
Because sometimes when we hear something or read something that sounds quite good, we
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ
00:34
have a tendency to want to copy that.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฒ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
However, we can't because that's called copying.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
The proper word for that is called plagiarism, which is actually looked upon quite seriously
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ‘œ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
00:46
as an offense in universities and in academic life in general and also in professional life.
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์—… ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ์ง์—… ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ„๋ฒ• ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
So it's really important for you to learn to be able to express something that you have
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
00:57
heard or read about in your own language.
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๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฝ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
So I'm going to show you in this video some strategies to help you to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Let's look at what they are.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:08
Ok, so I have here six different techniques you can use when you want to paraphrase something
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์ข‹์•„, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜์—ญํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
01:14
or when you want to express something in your own words.
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๋‹น์‹  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
And I'm going to give you some examples as we go along of each one.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
The first one is to use a synonym for the word in the sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋™์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
So for example, I'm just going to grab my examples here.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Alright, so if your original sentence is "The hardest language to learn is Mandarin."
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด "๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ถ๊ฒฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ
01:42
The hardest language to learn is Mandarin.
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ถ๊ฒฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
If I want to paraphrase that sentence, I could say "The most difficult language to learn
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด "๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋Š”
01:52
is Mandarin."
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๋ถ๊ฒฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
So what I've done here is I've substituted "most difficult" for "hardest".
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ "๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ"์„ "๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ"์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
This is one way, but it's still not a good paraphrase because it's too close to the original
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊น๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:08
sentence.
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.
02:09
So I could now change a couple of words.
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
If my original sentence is "The hardest language to learn is Mandarin."
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๋‚ด ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด "๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ถ๊ฒฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:18
I could say "The most difficult language to master is Mandarin."
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"๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ถ๊ฒฝ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Now I've changed two parts.
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
I've changed "hardest" to "most difficult" and I've changed "learn" to "master".
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์ €๋Š” "๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด"์„ "๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด"์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ๊ณ  "ํ•™์Šต"์„ "๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ"๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
This is better, but it still sounds a lot like the original, doesn't it?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์›๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
02:38
OK.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
02:39
So here's another option.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
We could say "Mandarin is one of the most difficult languages to master."
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"๋ถ๊ฒฝ์–ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์–ธ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Now we have a more successful paraphrase because we've changed not only words using different
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์ด์ œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:54
synonyms, we've also changed the order of the words.
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๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
So we have a more effective paraphrase and that would be a good one.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Alright?
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
03:04
Let's look now at a second method.
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
The second method is to use an antonym.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฐ˜์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
An antonym, as you know, is a word that means the opposite.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋ฐ˜์˜์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
So this is a fairly easy technique which you can fall back on when you're really not sure
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์„œ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์˜์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:21
what else to do.
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.
03:22
An example of this would be instead of saying "The man is tall."
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” "๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
You could say "The man is not short."
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"๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
OK?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:32
Instead of saying "The school is far away."
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"ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง ๋Œ€์‹ ์—.
03:36
You could say "The school is not near."
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"ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊น์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
This is an example of using antonyms.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ˜์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
It's a fairly basic, simple technique and you can use it once in a while, not all the
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
03:48
time, but you can use it successfully.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
Alright.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
03:51
The third way is to use a phrasal verb.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
So let's look at an example of this.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
She discarded her used lipstick case in the trash can.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฆฝ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต์— ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
She discarded her used lipstick case in the trash can.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฆฝ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต์— ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Let's suppose that we want to replace the word "discarded" with a phrasal verb.
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"discarded"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:15
So what could you use?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:17
Do you know what it means to discard something?
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:20
To discard something means to throw it away.
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
That's right.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
04:25
So we could use here "She threw away her used lipstick case."
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฆฝ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:31
Instead of "She discarded."
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ด๋“  ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋“ 
04:34
Because if you keep using the same words that were used in your original passage, whether
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์›๋ž˜ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:39
it's a reading passage or a listening text, then that would not be considered paraphrasing.
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์ด๋Š” ํŒจ๋Ÿฌํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์ง•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
OK?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
04:47
So what we're looking for is to successfully substitute those words with our own words
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ 
04:53
and also to resist the temptation to copy or use those words no matter how wonderful
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์œ ํ˜น์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:01
they may be.
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.
05:03
OK?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:04
Let's look at another technique and this is sometimes being able to use a general verb.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
So for example, if you had a sentence that said, "The factory manufactures boxes."
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Alright?
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
05:19
"The factory manufactures boxes."
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"๊ณต์žฅ์€ ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:22
You could substitute it with a synonym like, "The factory produces boxes."
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"๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
Or you could use a more general verb, "The factory makes boxes."
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๋˜๋Š” "๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
It's not as effective, but at least you're not using the same word.
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Alright?
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
05:40
And lastly, we could use phrases.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
So for phrases, what we mean is something like this.
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๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
Let's suppose that our original sentence is, "Many people in Canada are bilingual."
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์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด "์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์ค‘ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
OK?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:56
"Many people in Canada are bilingual."
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"์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ค‘ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:00
So let's suppose that you want to find a substitute for the word "bilingual."
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์ด์ค‘ ์–ธ์–ด"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
What could you say?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:07
Well, what does "bilingual" mean?
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๊ธ€์Ž„, "์ด์ค‘ ์–ธ์–ด"๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:10
"By" is a prefix which means "to" and "lingual" has to do with languages.
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"By"๋Š” "to"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  "lingual"์€ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
"Bilingual" means you speak two languages.
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"Bilingual"์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
So you could just use a phrase to elaborate on that word or to explain that word.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
So you could say, "Many people in Canada speak two languages," or, "Many people in Canada
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"์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š” "์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
06:32
are bilingual."
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์ด์ค‘ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
These two sentences are the same, but at the same time, you haven't copied the exact words.
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Again, more successfully, you would also be changing the structure of the sentence and
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:45
not only individual words, but these are some techniques to do that.
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.
06:50
Now, what happens if you find a particularly delightful sentence or word in your reading
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์ด์ œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์œ ์พŒํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:57
passage, and you really don't want to paraphrase it or you don't know how to paraphrase it?
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์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์—ญํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
07:04
OK?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:05
Both of these situations can occur.
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
So what do you do then?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:07
Well, in that case, it is possible to use a quotation, which is what I have here as
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
07:14
your last option.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
You can put the quotation, you can use an entire sentence and put it in quotation marks.
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์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
You could use certain expression and put it in quotation marks.
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ํŠน์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”ฐ์˜ดํ‘œ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
When I'm going like this, it means quotation marks, OK?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋”ฐ์˜ดํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
07:31
Because quotation marks consist of two commas, two apostrophes at the top and two apostrophes
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์ธ์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๋‹จ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์™€ ๊ทธ ๋์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ธ์šฉ
07:37
at the end of it, so that's called a quotation.
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๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
So when people go like this, they mean quotation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ์šฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
And if you saw that episode of Friends, then you'll know what I'm talking about, where
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Friends์˜ ๊ทธ ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด Ross๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Ross does something similar to that, OK?
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07:52
So these are some techniques that you can use for paraphrasing, which is a really important
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์€
07:57
skill in academic life, in your TOEFL exam, in your IELTS exam or any other exam or any
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ํ•™์—… ์ƒํ™œ, TOEFL ์‹œํ—˜, IELTS ์‹œํ—˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋˜๋Š”
08:04
other type of writing you may need to do in your life, all right?
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์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์—์„œ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์ง•์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
08:08
So I hope I've been able to help you with that.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Good luck with paraphrasing.
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ํŒจ๋Ÿฌํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์ง•์— ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
Bye for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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