Writing & Punctuation: How to use a COMMA correctly in a complex sentence

255,631 views ใƒป 2022-10-27

Learn English with Rebecca


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi. I'm Rebecca from engVid. In this lesson, I'm going to show you a small trick that you
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์•ˆ๋…•. ์ €๋Š” engVid์˜ Rebecca์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ ˆ์Šจ
00:05
can use to improve your English writing, especially when you're writing complex sentences. I'm
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์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์˜์–ด ์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์š”๋ น์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:11
going to explain to you exactly what a complex sentence is, and also how to punctuate it
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:16
properly so that you can get a higher mark if you're going for your exam, like the IELTS
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, IELTS๋‚˜ TOEFL๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œํ—˜์— ์‘์‹œ
00:22
or the TOEFL, or if you're submitting an essay at university, if you're writing a business
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ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ' ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ , ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค
00:28
report, or if you're applying for a job. Okay? Because this little comma, this little punctuation
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๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ตฌ์ง์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์‰ผํ‘œ, ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ
00:34
mark makes the difference between a correct sentence and an incorrect sentence. All right?
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๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
00:40
And I'll show you exactly when to use it and how to use it. Okay? So, let's get started.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ž, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
Now, first of all, what is a complex sentence? A complex sentence in English is a sentence
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์ž, ์šฐ์„  ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌธ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ
00:53
which has an independent clause and a dependent clause. Okay, that's great, you say, but what's
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:02
a clause? Okay. Not Santa Claus. We're not talking about Santa Claus here. We're talking
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์ ˆ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์‚ฐํƒ€ ํด๋กœ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฐํƒ€ํด๋กœ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
01:08
about a clause in English, in English grammar. So, "clause" is just a group of words that
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์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์˜์–ด ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "clause"๋Š”
01:14
has a subject and a verb. So, what's the difference, then, between independent clause or dependent
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡
01:22
clause? Well, we know that both of them are clauses, so both of them have a subject and
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค
01:29
a verb, but the independent one actually can stand on its own. It's a sentence by itself.
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋งŒ, ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
And the dependent clause is not a sentence by itself. It cannot stand by itself. All
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
right? So, it depends on the other part of the sentence to make it whole. All right?
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
01:51
So, let's look at the example. If I say, "We'll cancel the picnic", just by itself, that's
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ์†Œํ’ ์ทจ์†Œํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด
01:57
a sentence, right? It makes sense, it's a complete thought. So, that is an independent
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๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
02:02
clause in this sentence. If I say, "If it starts raining", yeah, if it starts raining,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ " ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด,
02:11
what? So, because that's incomplete, that is a dependent clause. All right?
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์–ด๋–กํ•ด? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
02:17
Now, in a complex sentence, we see an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
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์ด์ œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
All right? So, we start like this, "We'll cancel the picnic if it starts raining." Now,
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์†Œํ’์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:31
that's a full sentence. There's a statement that I'm making and there's some sort of a
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์ด์ œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„์ˆ  ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:35
situation that I'm attaching to it with the dependent clause. So, when we have a sentence
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์ข…์†์ ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
02:43
that has an independent clause at the beginning and a dependent clause after that, we need
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋’ค์—
02:51
no punctuation in the middle at all. Okay? So, we just say, "We'll cancel the picnic
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์†Œํ’์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:57
if it starts raining." All right? No punctuation needed in the middle. No comma needed.
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. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๊ตฌ๋‘์ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
But let's look at what happens if we turn that sentence around. The same sentence, okay,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ์ข‹์•„,
03:10
to make it easier. This time, we're going to start with the dependent clause and then
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๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ข…์†์ ˆ ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘
03:15
finish with the independent clause. The meaning will be the same, but the way we write it
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ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฏธ ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹
03:20
is different. So, here we say, "If it starts raining, we'll cancel the picnic." Okay? All
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์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” " ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ”ผํฌ๋‹‰์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:31
right. So, you're saying to me, "Rebecca, really? That comma makes so much difference?"
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์นด, ์ •๋ง? ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Yes, it does. Informal business writing or informal exam writing. If you keep writing
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ž‘๋ฌธ.
03:42
a lot of complex sentences, which you will write because you should write complex sentences,
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ•ด์„œ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋งŽ์ด
03:48
it's more educated, it's more advanced, but if you don't write them correctly, then it's
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์“ฐ๋ฉด ๋” ๊ต์–‘ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ธ๋ฐ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
03:54
kind of a shame. And if the examiner, let's say on your IELTS, sees that you've written
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์ข€ ์•„์‰ฌ์›Œ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€์ด IELTS์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ 
03:59
a lot of complex sentences, that's very good, but if again and again, he or she sees that
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์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
04:04
you didn't put the comma there, then they know that you haven't understood the principle
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
04:11
of how to write a complex sentence. And it's really so easy because all you had to do was
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
to know where to put the comma or not to put the comma. So, as I said, here, where we started
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์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€, ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ง ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
04:24
with the independent clause and ended with the dependent clause, there's no comma. But
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
04:28
if we start with the dependent and then we have the independent, then we do need a comma.
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์ข…์† ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋…๋ฆฝ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Now, just listen when I'm actually saying it, because in real life, if I was speaking
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์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” . ์‹ค์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€
04:40
these sentences out loud, I would actually pause. Not because I see a comma when I'm
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€
04:47
speaking, but because that's how we talk. So, here, first let's listen to this. "We'll
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๋ณด์—ฌ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋จผ์ € ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. "
04:52
cancel the picnic if it starts raining." It's just like one long sentence, right? But here
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์†Œํ’์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋งˆ์น˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ฐ™์ฃ ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š”
04:58
I'll say, "If it starts raining, we'll cancel the picnic." Now, did you feel and hear that
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"๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์†Œํ’์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ๋ฉˆ์ถค์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ
05:04
pause? That pause is represented by this comma. Got it? Okay. So, I hope you understood this
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์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€๋Š” ์ด ์‰ผํ‘œ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”? ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด
05:13
example and what it means when we're talking about an independent clause and a dependent
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:17
clause, alright? But just to be sure, let's look at another example now. So, "We ordered
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "
05:25
pizza after the game ended." "We ordered pizza" is the independent clause, right? Because
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๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ํ”ผ์ž ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”." "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:33
that's like a complete thought, a complete sentence. "After the game ended", this is
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„"
05:39
incomplete, even though it has a subject and a verb, but it's incomplete, right? If I just
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๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•˜์ฃ ?
05:45
said to you, "After the game ended", it doesn't mean anything, right? It's incomplete. So,
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"๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
05:50
that makes it dependent. So, in that sentence, we have no comma. "We ordered pizza after
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์—๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ
05:55
the game ended." Okay? It's one smooth sentence. Got it? But look what happens when the dependent
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๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„์— ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
06:02
clause comes first. "After the game", sorry, we need to write here, okay? "After the game
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. "๊ฒŒ์ž„ ํ›„", ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? "๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด
06:16
ended", comma, "we ordered pizza", right? Now, the dependent clause, "after the game
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๋๋‚œ ํ›„", ์‰ผํ‘œ, "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋งž์ฃ ? ์ด์ œ "๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„"๋ผ๋Š”
06:24
ended" is first, and the independent clause, "we ordered pizza" is after that. So, whenever
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋จผ์ € ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ , "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
06:31
the dependent clause comes first, you want to put a comma after that. So, it'll sound
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์•ž์— ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:38
like this if you're speaking. "After the game ended, we ordered pizza." Okay? As I said,
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. "๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด,
06:45
we have a natural kind of pause in that place. Now, this is true when we're speaking, it
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฉˆ์ถค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค
06:50
makes it easier for people to understand us, and it also makes it much easier when somebody's
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
06:56
reading your writing with a complex sentence, because we expect this kind of mental pause
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •์‹ ์  ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ
07:03
in the writing. And these are simple examples, but let's suppose you were writing about something
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:08
more serious, writing about business, or you're writing about politics, you're writing about
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07:12
something else, then it's going to make it very difficult to understand without the comma.
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.
07:20
And the reader is mentally looking for that comma to divide the ideas, to divide the thoughts,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…์ž๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ , ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ ,
07:26
and to make it easier to understand your writing and whatever you're trying to convey. Okay?
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๊ธ€๊ณผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:31
So, don't just think, "Oh, one little comma, what difference does it make?" It does make
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ "์•„, ์ž‘์€ ์‰ผํ‘œ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒ ์–ด?"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
07:35
a big difference. And definitely, it'll make a big difference to your marks or your score
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ƒ๋žต ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์ ์ˆ˜์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ
07:40
if you keep leaving out these commas in complex sentences. Okay?
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:46
Now, one other clue to know, for you to know that something is a dependent clause, is to
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์„œ
07:53
look for these words which are called subordinating conjunctions. Not very interesting, but I'll
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๋Š” ์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
08:00
tell you what they are. And when you hear or see one of these words, or write one of
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด
08:05
these words, then you know that there is a dependent clause coming up in a complex sentence.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
And these words are "before", so we could say here, "Before the game ended, we ordered
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” "before"์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:20
pizza." That would also be a dependent clause, right? Or "When the game ended", or "Because
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข…์†์ ˆ ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๋˜๋Š” "๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ" ๋˜๋Š”
08:26
the game ended", or whatever, okay? "Because", "since", "although", "even though", "if", "unless",
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"๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ๋๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—" ๋˜๋Š” ๋ญ๋“ ์ง€, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? "๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—", "์ดํ›„", "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ", "๋น„๋ก", "๋งŒ์ผ", "๋งŒ์•ฝ",
08:35
okay? These kind of words. There are more words like this, but I'm giving you the most
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์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ
08:39
common examples. So, whenever you're using one of these words in that dependent clause,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
08:44
make sure that you put, what? A comma after it, and then put your independent clause.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ๋„ฃ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:51
But, if you wrote the independent clause first, then no comma necessary, alright? I hope this
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ๋จผ์ € ์“ฐ๋ฉด ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ
08:57
is making sense to you, and let's really master it now by looking at a few more sentences.
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:03
Okay, so now you're going to help me to decide whether we need to put a comma in these sentences,
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ
09:10
or whether we don't. You decide, okay? Along with me. So, number one. "Although we advertised
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ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋„ฃ์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์š”, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ. "
09:17
the job, we didn't get many applications." Now, just for you to know, while I'm reading
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์›์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ์•„๋‘์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
09:23
it, I'm going to try not to give the answer away, so I'm not going to pause, even though
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๋‹ต์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ• 
09:28
normally I might pause or anything like that in all of them, okay? So, what do you think?
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๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:36
Do we need a comma here anywhere? Remember the rules. If the sentence starts with a dependent
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์ข…์†์ ˆ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”
09:44
clause, then you need a comma before the independent clause. But if the sentence starts with an
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ ์•ž์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด
09:52
independent clause, a complete sentence, then - and then it finishes with a dependent clause,
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ, ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข…์†์ ˆ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด
09:58
then no comma necessary, okay? You can see that here.
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์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
So, let's analyze this first sentence. This word "although", is it one of those subordinating
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์ž, ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜
10:08
conjunctions? Actually, yes. So, there's your big clue that we will need a comma here because
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์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋งž์•„์š”. ์ข…์†์ ˆ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํฐ ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€
10:16
we're starting with a dependent clause. So, let's see where we put the comma, okay? "Although
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์— ๋‘๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? "๋น„๋ก
10:22
we advertised the job", okay, that's where we put it. "Although we advertised the job",
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ", ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ฃ์€ ๊ณณ์ด์•ผ. "๋น„๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ"
10:29
because we have here a subject, we have here a verb, and then we have more subject. "We
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, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์— ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
10:40
didn't get many applications", okay? So, "Although we advertised the job" is incomplete, that's
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์ง€์›์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”", ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ " ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ"์€
10:48
a dependent clause. "We didn't get many applications" is a complete sentence, that's the independent
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๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "We didn't get many applications" ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ
10:54
clause, alright? Got it? Good for you.
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์ ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”? ์ž˜ ๋๋„ค์š”.
10:58
Number two. "I closed the window because it was cold." Does that sentence need a comma?
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ. "์ถ”์›Œ์„œ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜์–ด ." ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:07
Look at it. Okay? So, what's happening here? "I closed the window", alright? Subject, verb,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "์ฐฝ์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜์–ด", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ
11:17
so "I closed the window" is a complete sentence, right? Complete sentence, right? It means
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "I closed the window"๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด์ฃ ?
11:23
independent clause here, and "because it was cold" is the dependent clause, but it comes
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  "์ถ”์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "๊ฐ€ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ธ๋ฐ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:30
after. So, when you have an independent clause followed by a dependent clause, you need no
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ข…์†์ ˆ ๋’ค์— ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:36
comma. So, this sentence is absolutely fine the way it is. "I closed the window because
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ถ”์›Œ์„œ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜์–ด
11:42
it was cold." No comma necessary, alright?
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." ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
Let's look at number three and analyze it together, okay? "They're going on strike unless
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3๋ฒˆ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š” ? "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ์ž…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:50
they get a raise." "They're going on strike unless they get a raise." So, where's that
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." "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ์ž…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
11:58
word that we're looking for, subordinating conjunction, okay? It's here, okay? So, this
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์•ผ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, "~์ด
12:05
part after "unless", right, is the dependent clause, and so is it first or is it second?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด" ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€, ๋งž์•„์š”, ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
12:14
It's second, right? So, if it's second, that means we don't need a comma in that sentence.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ผ๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
It's fine the way it is. "They're going on strike unless they get a raise." Okay? Good.
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์ด๋Œ€๋กœ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋Œ์ž…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ข‹์€.
12:27
Number four. "Before the library closes, I need to return this book." So, what do we
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ. "๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ
12:35
do there? Do we need a comma? Alright, let's look at this sentence, the first part of it.
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๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ž, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:41
"Before the library closes." So, you have a clue, because you have this word "before",
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"๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์ „์—." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ด์ „"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด
12:47
which is another one of those subordinating conjunctions that introduces our dependent
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๋Š” ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:52
clause. So, "Before the library closes, I need to return this book." Because now we
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”." ์ด์ œ
13:02
had a dependent clause first, and we need the comma, and then the independent clause.
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋จผ์ € ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
And in real life, the way I would say it is, "Before the library closes, I need to return
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ "๋„์„œ๊ด€์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:13
this book." Okay? So, that's also when you're speaking, you don't - you have a kind of - you
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."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ - ๋‹น์‹ 
13:20
don't obviously write a comma, but you do pause. Alright?
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์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์‰ผํ‘œ ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€?
13:25
Next, number five. "I like to watch TV before I go to sleep." What about that? Do we need
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
13:33
a comma there? So, let's analyze it. "I like to watch TV", that's an independent clause.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ž, ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. "I like to watch TV"๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
Then we have the word "before", right, which is that conjunction, so this is telling us
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ "before"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
13:45
this is the dependent clause here, and the dependent clause is in the second position,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด๊ณ  ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ„์น˜์—
13:50
so we need no comma. That one is fine. "I like to watch TV before I go to sleep." Good.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์€.
13:58
And the last one, "Whenever you're ready, I can take your order." Okay? When you go
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ "์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”?
14:02
to a restaurant lots of time, the waiter or waitress will say this. "Whenever you're ready,
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์‹๋‹น์— ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ์›จ์ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€
14:06
I can take your order." So, what do we do if we're writing it? Do we need a comma? Okay,
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๋˜๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ž
14:15
so let's analyze it together. "Whenever you're ready". So, "whenever" is like "when", and
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, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. "์ค€๋น„๋  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ". ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜"๋Š” "์–ธ์ œ"์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ณ 
14:21
it's one of those subordinating conjunctions, so it tells us that this part is going to
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์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:25
be the dependent clause. So, "Whenever you're ready, I can take your order." Okay? So, dependent
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ " ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์กด์ 
14:35
and then independent. So, remember the rule, dependent clause first, then you have a comma,
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์ด๋ฉฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋จผ์ € ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:40
then the independent clause. Independent clause first, no comma, followed by the dependent
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด ๋จผ์ € ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:46
clause. All right? Now, I hope you understood these examples. I think that we worked through
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. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š”
14:50
it really nicely so that you could get it. But, of course, you're going to need to practice,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”
14:56
right? You want to practice a lot so that you get it not just right now, but later,
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ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚˜์ค‘์—,
15:02
and next week, and the week after that, and forever. Like, there's no point in learning
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์›ํžˆ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
15:06
- in watching ten videos and finally going away with nothing. Instead of that, whichever
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10๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์—๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์–ด๋–ค
15:11
video you choose to watch, really master it and say, "You know what? I hope that I never
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋“  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  "๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ์•„์š”?
15:16
have to make a mistake in this area ever again. I'm going to get it." So, in order to do that,
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์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ผญ ํ•ด๋‚ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:24
go to our website, www.engvid.com, do the quiz that's there, it will really help you.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
We have at least ten examples, so you can practice it some more, and then practice writing
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์ตœ์†Œ 10๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ข€ ๋” ์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ
15:34
your own sentences with independent and dependent clauses, and also understanding exactly what
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ข…์†์ ˆ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:41
that means, okay? Alright. Now, what you can do also is subscribe. So, I can keep bringing
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. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ์ด์ œ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
15:50
you lots of good lessons and keep making more lessons, for one thing, alright? It really
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์ข‹์€ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ํฐ
15:54
helps me when you subscribe. And also, if you subscribe, if you decide to subscribe,
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ํž˜์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:00
don't forget that now YouTube kind of requires you to ring a bell. There's like a bell icon
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์ด์ œ YouTube์—์„œ ์ข…์„ ์šธ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” . ๊ตฌ๋… ๋ฒ„ํŠผ ์˜†์— ์ข… ๋ชจ์–‘ ์•„์ด์ฝ˜์ด
16:06
next to the subscribe button, and if you click on that as well as after you subscribe, then
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋… ํ›„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ด๋‹น ์•„์ด์ฝ˜์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€
16:13
they will send you reminders every time I have a new lesson, or - and that's true for
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์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์ด ์ „์†ก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” -
16:18
my lessons or any other YouTube subscriptions that you have. So, make sure that you subscribe
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์ œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ YouTube์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋…. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ผญ ๊ตฌ๋…
16:23
and ring the bell, okay? So, thanks very much for watching, and go to engVid, do the quiz,
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ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ์ข…์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. engVid๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ
16:31
and I hope to hear from you soon. Thanks for watching. Bye for now.
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ํ’€๊ณ  ๊ณง ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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