Learn English Tenses: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, or Present Perfect?

1,816,235 views

2017-07-03 ใƒป Learn English with Rebecca


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Learn English Tenses: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, or Present Perfect?

1,816,235 views ใƒป 2017-07-03

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi.
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00:00
I'm Rebecca from engVid, and this lesson is going to save you years of English mistakes.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚
็งใฏ engVid ใฎ Rebecca ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ€ ไฝ•ๅนดใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰่งฃๆ”พใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
Why?
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ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ
00:07
Because it's a diagnostic lesson.
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่จบๆ–ญใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
00:09
In just a few minutes you'll find out what you know and don't know regarding
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ใปใ‚“ใฎๆ•ฐๅˆ†ใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถ ใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
00:14
the past tenses in English.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:17
And why is that important?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒ้‡่ฆใชใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:18
For two reasons.
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็†็”ฑใฏ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:20
First, you can focus on what you don't know and improve those areas and improve quickly,
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็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใ€่ฟ…้€Ÿใซๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:26
and second because the past tenses are among the most important tenses that we use in English.
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ 1 ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:32
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:33
And at the end of the lesson after you've done the exercise and you find out what you
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ใใ—ใฆใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ไฝ•
00:37
might get wrong or right, I'll show you exactly how to improve, what you can do.
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ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸๅพŒใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ใซไฝ•ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็คบใ—ใพใ™.
00:44
Some simple steps.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ‰‹้ †ใ€‚
00:45
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:46
Let's get started.
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:48
So, number one: "It rains all day yesterday."
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1ใค ็›ฎใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญ้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:52
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:53
So these are all sentences in the past tense.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:55
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:56
There are four tenses we're covering: Past simple, past continuous, present perfect,
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ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใฏ ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
01:02
and past perfect.
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎ 4 ใคใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:04
So, all of these sentences have some mistakes.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใซ ใฏใ™ในใฆใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:07
You try to find out: What's the mistake?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™: ้–“้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
01:10
If you know, then you know that part.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
If you don't, we'll see what to do.
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ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:16
So: "It rains all day yesterday."
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญ้›จใŒ้™ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
01:19
What's wrong with that sentence?
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใฎไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
01:22
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:23
So, we're talking about yesterday so we know it's in the past, so what's wrong is here,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€
01:30
this verb is right now in the present simple.
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ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ็พๅœจใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช็พๅœจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:33
It should be...
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ใใ‚Œใฏโ€ฆ
01:39
It should be in the past.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
01:42
So then this sentence should be in the past simple.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏ ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:47
So if you didn't know that, then...
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใชใ‚‰... ใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜
01:54
Then you need to review the past simple.
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ใซๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:58
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:59
Number two: "Have you seen Maria last week?
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2 ็•ช็›ฎ: ใ€Œๅ…ˆ้€ฑ
02:04
Have you seen Maria last week?"
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ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€
02:07
What's wrong with that sentence?
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใฎไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:09
Or that question, rather.
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ใพใŸใฏใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ€ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ใ€‚
02:11
Can you find the mistake?
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:13
Okay, so the mistake is this:
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ใ•ใฆใ€้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใงใ™
02:16
When we say: "Have you seen", that's which tense?
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: ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ‹?
02:20
Present perfect.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใ€‚
02:21
But then we go on to say: "Have you seen Maria last week?"
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ€Œๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:25
That's a problem, because when we use the present perfect tense, we cannot use a finished
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„
02:33
time with it.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:35
If you use a finished time, like last week, then you have to change this question and
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ด
02:42
make it into past simple.
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ใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
For example: "Did you see Maria last week?"
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ไพ‹: ใ€Œ ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€
02:48
That's one way to fix that question.
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ใใฎ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎ1ใค ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:52
And the other way, if we wanted to keep it present perfect-right?-we would say:
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้€†ใซใ€ ็พๅœจใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ๅฎŒ็’งใซไฟใกใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€ŒไปŠ้€ฑใ€ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใซไผšใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†
02:56
"Have you seen Maria this week?" for example.
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚
03:03
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:04
That...
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ใใฎ...
03:05
Of course, that has a different meaning, but if you're going to use this tense then if
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใก ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
03:10
you have a timeframe you can only talk about time which is either still going on, like
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ๆž ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไปŠ้€ฑใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ไปŠๆœˆ ใชใฉใ€ใพใ ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใฟ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
03:17
this week, today, this month, this year, and so on.
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ใ€ไปŠๅนดใชใฉใ€‚
03:21
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:22
So if you made a mistake here, remember to review present perfect.
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ใ“ใ“ใง้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:30
Okay?
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03:30
Just make a note of that.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒกใƒขใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:32
Next: "Gary studied when I arrived.
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ๆฌก: ใ€Œ ็งใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸ
03:37
Gary studied when I arrived."
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ใจใใ€ใ‚ฒใ‚คใƒชใƒผใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚็งใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ฒใ‚คใƒชใƒผใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:40
What's wrong there?
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ไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใชใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:42
There is a little mistake there, and it's here.
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ใใ“ใซๅฐ‘ใ—้–“้•ใ„ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:46
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:48
This should be: "Gary was studying"-right?-"when I arrived".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฒใ‚คใƒชใƒผใฏ ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€-ใ€Œ็งใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:00
Now, "was studying" is past continuous.
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ไปŠใ€ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€ ใฏ้ŽๅŽป้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
04:04
So, why do we need past continuous there?
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ใงใฏใ€ใชใœ ใใ“ใซ้ŽๅŽป็ถ™็ถšใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
04:07
Because the action of studying takes some time.
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ๅ‹‰ๅผทใจใ„ใ†่กŒ็‚บใซใฏ ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:10
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
04:11
It doesn't happen in one second.
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ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€็ง’ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:14
So he was studying, and studying, and studying, and then in the middle of this studying I arrived.
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ใใ‚Œใงๅฝผใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใฎ้€”ไธญใง็งใฏๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:20
"Arrived" doesn't take time, so "arrived" can be in the past simple tense.
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ใ€ŒArrivedใ€ใฏๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œarrivedใ€ ใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:27
That's fine.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:28
I arrived, it's finished, it's over.
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็€ใ„ใŸใ€ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:31
But Gary was studying, and studying, and studying, and studying, and I came in the middle of that.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ฒใ‚คใƒชใƒผใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผท ใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€็งใฏใใฎ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:38
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:39
So these are the kinds of things you have to know about these tenses in order to use
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใงใ™
04:44
them correctly.
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ใ€‚
04:45
So, if you made a mistake here, remember to review past continuous.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง้–“้•ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ถ™็ถšใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:54
Remember at the end of the lesson I'll tell you exactly how you can review these.
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅพฉ็ฟ’ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:57
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:58
Next, number four: "When have you sent the email?"
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ๆฌกใซใ€4 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ€Œ ใ„ใคใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ไฟกใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€
05:03
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:04
"When have you sent the email?"
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ใ€Œใ„ใคใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€
05:07
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:08
So, the problem here, again, is that the tense that's used is present perfect.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
05:15
But with present perfect we cannot use the word "when".
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏ ใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏไฝฟใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:21
If you use the question word "when", then you need to change this entire question to
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ใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใจใ„ใ†็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:28
past simple.
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ใ€‚
05:30
"When did you send the email?"
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ใ€Œใ„ใคใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€
05:33
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:38
"When did you send the email?"
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ใ€Œใ„ใคใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€
05:41
Because when I ask you that question you're going to tell me sometime in the past that's
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใฉใ“ใ‹ใง็งใซใใ‚ŒใŒ
05:47
finished and over.
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็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
05:49
So that's past simple, and not present perfect.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:53
So if you made a mistake here, you should really review past simple, but more importantly
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้‡่ฆใช
05:58
also, again, present perfect.
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ใ“ใจใซใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚‚็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:03
Okay?
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06:03
A little bit of both.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€‚
06:05
If you just said here: "Have you sent the email?" then it's fine and it's present perfect.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€Œใƒกใƒผใƒซใฏ้€ไฟกใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใใ‚Œใชใ‚‰ๅ•้กŒใชใใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:11
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:12
But if you need to use the question word "when", remember to change it to past simple.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใจใ„ใ†็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:17
Good.
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06:17
Number five: "Did you ever see this movie?
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
5 ็•ช็›ฎ: ใ€Œ ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹
06:22
Did you ever see this movie?"
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ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
06:25
Now, this one is almost correct because most of the time we use another tense, but you
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใผๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
06:32
could use this.
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ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:33
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:34
"Did you ever see this movie?"
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
06:35
It's possible that you will hear people saying that, but as a grammar teacher and as an English
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใ†่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆใ€ใพใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ•™ๅธซใจใ—ใฆใ€
06:40
teacher I'm telling you that actually what you should say here is:
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ใ“ใ“ใง่จ€ใ†ในใใ“ใจใฏใ€
06:53
"Have you ever seen this movie?"
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:57
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:58
Because "ever" is one of those words that we in fact do use a lot with the present perfect
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ใ€Œeverใ€ใฏ ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
07:05
tense.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:06
So when you see the word "ever": "Have you ever seen this movie?
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ใ€Œeverใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใ€ใ€Œ ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸ
07:09
Have you ever read this book?
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ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใฎๆœฌใ‚’
07:11
Have you ever visited Japan?"
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่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ๆ—ฅๆœฌใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
07:13
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
07:14
Questions like that, really, you should be using present perfect and not past simple.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใฏใชใ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:21
So this one is also present perfect.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ้–“้•ใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ
07:27
Remember to review that if you got that wrong.
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ— ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:31
Number six: "When the guests arrived, I already cooked dinner.
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ใใฎ6๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆ ใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏใ™ใงใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
07:38
When the guests arrived, I already cooked dinner."
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ใ€‚ใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏ ใ™ใงใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
07:45
So what's wrong there?
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ใงใฏใ€ไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใชใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:47
The clue is actually from this word, "already".
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ๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚ŠใฏๅฎŸใฏ ใ“ใฎใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
07:52
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:53
So here we are talking about what?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŸใกใฏ ไฝ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ
07:56
We're talking about two actions that happened in the past.
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2ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:00
But one happened before the other.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€ๆ–น ใฏไป–ๆ–นใฎๅ‰ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:03
What happened first?
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:06
"I already cooked dinner", right?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚‚ใ† ๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
08:09
I cooked dinner first, and then the guests arrived.
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็งใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:13
So: "When the guests arrived I...
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ ใ‚ฒใ‚นใƒˆใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏ...
08:19
I had already cooked dinner."
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็งใฏใ™ใงใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
08:23
So that is an example of when we can use the past perfect.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:29
Past perfect is used when we're talking about two actions and you want to show that one
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฏใ€ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ
08:35
of them happened first in the past, although both of them happened in the past.
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚้ŽๅŽปใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ€ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 1 ใคใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซๆœ€ๅˆใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚
08:41
The past perfect part of the sentence shows you what happened first in the past.
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ๆ–‡ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๆœ€ๅˆใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:46
So, if you didn't know that then please review the past perfect.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:55
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:57
You're doing fine.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ˆใใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
08:58
Don't worry.
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08:58
You're doing great.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€‚
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ†ใพใใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:00
Number seven: "I wasn't understanding what you said.
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7็•ช๏ผšใ€Œ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
09:05
I wasn't understanding what you said."
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ใ“ใจใŒ็†่งฃใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ็†่งฃใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
09:08
Well, that's not right.
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ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:11
It should be:
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ใ€Œ
09:21
"I didn't understand what you said."
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
09:25
Why?
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ใชใ‚“ใง๏ผŸ
09:26
Because there are certain verbs which we cannot use in the continuous form.
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็ถ™็ถšๅฝขใงไฝฟใˆใชใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:33
They are called stative verbs.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
09:36
So you have to know what they are, and when you learn the continuous tense you usually
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใใ€้€šๅธธ
09:42
come across this part of the lesson, stative verbs, and you need to know there are certain
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ใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใซๅ‡บใใ‚ใ— ใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:47
verbs you cannot use with...
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09:50
In this continuous form.
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... ใ“ใฎ็ถ™็ถšๅฝขใง.
09:51
So you can never say: "I'm not understanding"
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใชใฉใจใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“
09:55
or "I'm understanding", or "I was understanding".
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ใ€‚
09:59
No.
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09:59
You can only use it in the simple form.
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็ฐกๆ˜“ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ 
ใงใฎใฟใ”ๅˆฉ็”จใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:02
So if you got that wrong, then please check your past continuous tense.
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้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ถ™็ถšๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:11
Okay?
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10:11
You need to know when you learn that tense that there's certain verbs, stative verbs
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ๅญฆใถใจใ ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ€
10:17
which we cannot use in that kind of continuous form.
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ใใฎ็จฎใฎ็ถ™็ถšๅฝขใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใ„็Šถๆ…‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
10:20
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:21
And the last one: "When I reached the airport, the flight already left."
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฏใ€Œ็ฉบๆธฏใซ็€ใ„ใŸใ‚‰ ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใ€‚
10:28
Okay, we did one similar to this back here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใ“ใ‚ŒใซไผผใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:31
"When I reached the airport, the flight already left."
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ใ€Œ็งใŒ็ฉบๆธฏใซ็€ใ„ใŸใจใ ใ€้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฏใ™ใงใซๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
10:36
So, again, what's going on here?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
10:40
Two actions in the past, and you want to show that one of those actions happened first.
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้ŽๅŽปใซ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 1 ใคใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:46
The action that happened first we have to express using the past perfect tense, which
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹
10:52
means we need to say: "The flight had already left."
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ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฏใ™ใงใซๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:00
When I reached the airport, before that the flight had already left.
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็ฉบๆธฏใซ็€ใ„ใŸใจใใ€ ใใฎๅ‰ใซ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฏๅ‡บ็™บใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
11:07
So if you weren't sure about that or you got it wrong, then please review the past perfect tense.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€้–“้•ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:17
Okay?
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11:17
Now, I know there's quite a lot to do, but you can master it.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:23
But if you don't understand why it was wrong, that's what I want you to be able to do because
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใชใœใใ‚ŒใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆ
11:28
you're not going to have a teacher with you all the time.
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ใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:31
You are your own teacher, so as you get better at understanding what the reasons were why
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎๆ•™ๅธซใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆ ใ„ใŸ็†็”ฑใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซใคใ‚Œใฆ
11:39
these were wrong, you will be able to improve your English very, very quickly.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’้žๅธธใซ้€ŸใไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
11:44
So, what should you do now?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:46
Well, you should do this: Go to our website at www.engvid.com.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: www.engvid.com ใง็งใŸใกใฎ web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:52
There, you can do a quiz on this subject.
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
11:56
Right?
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11:56
On these tenses that we did.
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
็งใŸใกใŒใ—ใŸใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆใ€‚
11:59
That's the first thing.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:00
Second, you can watch hundreds of other videos about these tenses and you may...
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็ฌฌไบŒใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎไฝ•็™พใ‚‚ใฎ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
12:06
You will find lessons on past simple, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect.
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ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:12
You can watch those.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:13
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:14
Also, I've written a resource which you can look at and you can download it for free,
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ใพใŸ ใ€็„กๆ–™ใงใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใ‚‹
12:20
and it's called: "English Verb Tenses", you can also refer to that.
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ใ€ŒEnglish Verb Tensesใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:25
And besides that, you can subscribe to my channel because I have a lot of lessons
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ใใ‚ŒใซๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ ๅคงๅน…ใซ็ฏ€็ด„ใงใใ‚‹ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆ
12:29
that are going to save you lots and lots of time.
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
12:33
Okay? Your time is precious.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏ่ฒด้‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:35
Learn the important mistakes that students make, which I know because
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12:39
I've been teaching English for more than 25 years, and I know I can help you.
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็งใฏ 25 ๅนดไปฅไธŠ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใŸใฎใงใ€ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ็Šฏใ™้‡ๅคงใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅญฆใณ ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:43
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:44
Thanks very much for watching and good luck with your English.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใง้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:47
Bye for now.
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ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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