Learn English Tenses: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, or Present Perfect?

1,781,569 views

2017-07-03 ใƒป Learn English with Rebecca


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Learn English Tenses: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, or Present Perfect?

1,781,569 views ใƒป 2017-07-03

Learn English with Rebecca


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi.
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00:00
I'm Rebecca from engVid, and this lesson is going to save you years of English mistakes.
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์•ˆ๋…•.
์ €๋Š” engVid์˜ Rebecca์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:06
Why?
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์™œ?
00:07
Because it's a diagnostic lesson.
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์ง„๋‹จ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
In just a few minutes you'll find out what you know and don't know regarding
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๋‹จ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋งŒ์— ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:14
the past tenses in English.
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.
00:17
And why is that important?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:18
For two reasons.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
First, you can focus on what you don't know and improve those areas and improve quickly,
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:26
and second because the past tenses are among the most important tenses that we use in English.
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๋‘˜์งธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:33
And at the end of the lesson after you've done the exercise and you find out what you
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์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด
00:37
might get wrong or right, I'll show you exactly how to improve, what you can do.
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ํ‹€๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งž์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Some simple steps.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„.
00:45
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:46
Let's get started.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
00:48
So, number one: "It rains all day yesterday."
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: "์–ด์ œ๋Š” ์ข…์ผ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
00:52
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:53
So these are all sentences in the past tense.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:55
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:56
There are four tenses we're covering: Past simple, past continuous, present perfect,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ
01:02
and past perfect.
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๋ฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ.
01:03
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
01:04
So, all of these sentences have some mistakes.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
You try to find out: What's the mistake?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:10
If you know, then you know that part.
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์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
If you don't, we'll see what to do.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
So: "It rains all day yesterday."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์–ด์ œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
01:19
What's wrong with that sentence?
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:22
Okay.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
01:23
So, we're talking about yesterday so we know it's in the past, so what's wrong is here,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
this verb is right now in the present simple.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
It should be...
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€...
01:39
It should be in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
So then this sentence should be in the past simple.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
So if you didn't know that, then...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉด...
01:54
Then you need to review the past simple.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด์•ผ์ฃ .
01:58
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
01:59
Number two: "Have you seen Maria last week?
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: " ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:04
Have you seen Maria last week?"
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
02:07
What's wrong with that sentence?
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:09
Or that question, rather.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ.
02:11
Can you find the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:13
Okay, so the mistake is this:
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
02:16
When we say: "Have you seen", that's which tense?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ "Have you saw"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:20
Present perfect.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ.
02:21
But then we go on to say: "Have you seen Maria last week?"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” " ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
That's a problem, because when we use the present perfect tense, we cannot use a finished
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:33
time with it.
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.
02:35
If you use a finished time, like last week, then you have to change this question and
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ
02:42
make it into past simple.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
For example: "Did you see Maria last week?"
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์˜ˆ: " ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ดค์–ด?" ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”
02:48
That's one way to fix that question.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:52
And the other way, if we wanted to keep it present perfect-right?-we would say:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:56
"Have you seen Maria this week?" for example.
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"์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด.
03:03
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:04
That...
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๊ทธ...
03:05
Of course, that has a different meaning, but if you're going to use this tense then if
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
03:10
you have a timeframe you can only talk about time which is either still going on, like
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
03:17
this week, today, this month, this year, and so on.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ, ์˜ค๋Š˜, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ , ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ.
03:21
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:22
So if you made a mistake here, remember to review present perfect.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:30
Okay?
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03:30
Just make a note of that.
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•ด ๋‘์„ธ์š”.
03:32
Next: "Gary studied when I arrived.
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๋‹ค์Œ: "Gary๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Gary studied when I arrived."
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Gary๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:40
What's wrong there?
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—
03:42
There is a little mistake there, and it's here.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:48
This should be: "Gary was studying"-right?-"when I arrived".
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"-๋งž์ฃ ?-"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ"์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Now, "was studying" is past continuous.
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์ด์ œ "๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
So, why do we need past continuous there?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์—ฐ์†์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
04:07
Because the action of studying takes some time.
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๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์—๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
04:11
It doesn't happen in one second.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 1์ดˆ ์•ˆ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
So he was studying, and studying, and studying, and then in the middle of this studying I arrived.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
"Arrived" doesn't take time, so "arrived" can be in the past simple tense.
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"Arrived"๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ "arrived"๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
That's fine.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„.
04:28
I arrived, it's finished, it's over.
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๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์–ด, ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด, ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด.
04:31
But Gary was studying, and studying, and studying, and studying, and I came in the middle of that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๋ถ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์™”์–ด์š”.
04:38
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
04:39
So these are the kinds of things you have to know about these tenses in order to use
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:44
them correctly.
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.
04:45
So, if you made a mistake here, remember to review past continuous.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์—ฐ์†์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:54
Remember at the end of the lesson I'll tell you exactly how you can review these.
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์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:57
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
04:58
Next, number four: "When have you sent the email?"
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ 4๋ฒˆ: " ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์–ธ์ œ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
05:03
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:04
"When have you sent the email?"
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"์–ธ์ œ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
05:07
Okay.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
05:08
So, the problem here, again, is that the tense that's used is present perfect.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
But with present perfect we cannot use the word "when".
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋Š” "์–ธ์ œ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
If you use the question word "when", then you need to change this entire question to
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด "when"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ์ „์ฒด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:28
past simple.
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.
05:30
"When did you send the email?"
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"์–ธ์ œ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
05:33
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:38
"When did you send the email?"
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"์–ธ์ œ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
05:41
Because when I ask you that question you're going to tell me sometime in the past that's
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:47
finished and over.
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.
05:49
So that's past simple, and not present perfect.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ์ด์ง€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
So if you made a mistake here, you should really review past simple, but more importantly
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์„ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:58
also, again, present perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
Okay?
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06:03
A little bit of both.
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ.
06:05
If you just said here: "Have you sent the email?" then it's fine and it's present perfect.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ "์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:12
But if you need to use the question word "when", remember to change it to past simple.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "์–ธ์ œ"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
Good.
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06:17
Number five: "Did you ever see this movie?
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์ข‹์€.
๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: " ์ด ์˜ํ™” ๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์–ด?
06:22
Did you ever see this movie?"
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์ด ์˜ํ™” ๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์–ด?"
06:25
Now, this one is almost correct because most of the time we use another tense, but you
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:32
could use this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:34
"Did you ever see this movie?"
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"์ด ์˜ํ™” ๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์–ด์š”?"
06:35
It's possible that you will hear people saying that, but as a grammar teacher and as an English
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ , ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ต์‚ฌ์ด์ž ์˜์–ด
06:40
teacher I'm telling you that actually what you should say here is:
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๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ง์€
06:53
"Have you ever seen this movie?"
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"์ด ์˜ํ™” ๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:58
Because "ever" is one of those words that we in fact do use a lot with the present perfect
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด "ever"๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:05
tense.
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.
07:06
So when you see the word "ever": "Have you ever seen this movie?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "ever"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ "์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:09
Have you ever read this book?
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์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:11
Have you ever visited Japan?"
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์ผ๋ณธ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
07:13
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
07:14
Questions like that, really, you should be using present perfect and not past simple.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
So this one is also present perfect.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
07:27
Remember to review that if you got that wrong.
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๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
07:31
Number six: "When the guests arrived, I already cooked dinner.
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์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: "์†๋‹˜์ด ์˜ค์…จ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ €๋…์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
When the guests arrived, I already cooked dinner."
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์†๋‹˜์ด ์˜ค์…จ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ €๋…์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:45
So what's wrong there?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:47
The clue is actually from this word, "already".
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์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ "์ด๋ฏธ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
07:53
So here we are talking about what?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:56
We're talking about two actions that happened in the past.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:00
But one happened before the other.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
What happened first?
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๋จผ์ € ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:06
"I already cooked dinner", right?
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ €๋…์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค", ๋งž์ฃ ?
08:09
I cooked dinner first, and then the guests arrived.
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๋จผ์ € ์ €๋…์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†๋‹˜์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
So: "When the guests arrived I...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: " ์†๋‹˜์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š”...
08:19
I had already cooked dinner."
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ €๋…์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:23
So that is an example of when we can use the past perfect.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
Past perfect is used when we're talking about two actions and you want to show that one
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
08:35
of them happened first in the past, although both of them happened in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
The past perfect part of the sentence shows you what happened first in the past.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
So, if you didn't know that then please review the past perfect.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:55
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
08:57
You're doing fine.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
Don't worry.
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08:58
You're doing great.
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
Number seven: "I wasn't understanding what you said.
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์ผ๊ณฑ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
I wasn't understanding what you said."
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
09:08
Well, that's not right.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์•„.
09:11
It should be:
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09:21
"I didn't understand what you said."
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" ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:25
Why?
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์™œ? ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
09:26
Because there are certain verbs which we cannot use in the continuous form.
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ํŠน์ • ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:33
They are called stative verbs.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
So you have to know what they are, and when you learn the continuous tense you usually
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ๋ณดํ†ต
09:42
come across this part of the lesson, stative verbs, and you need to know there are certain
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์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:47
verbs you cannot use with...
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
09:50
In this continuous form.
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์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ.
09:51
So you can never say: "I'm not understanding"
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”", "
09:55
or "I'm understanding", or "I was understanding".
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์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์š”", "์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
No.
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09:59
You can only use it in the simple form.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ
๋กœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:02
So if you got that wrong, then please check your past continuous tense.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:11
Okay?
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10:11
You need to know when you learn that tense that there's certain verbs, stative verbs
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ
๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:17
which we cannot use in that kind of continuous form.
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.
10:20
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
10:21
And the last one: "When I reached the airport, the flight already left."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ•˜๋‚˜ : "๊ณตํ•ญ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:28
Okay, we did one similar to this back here.
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์ข‹์•„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
"When I reached the airport, the flight already left."
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"๊ณตํ•ญ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:36
So, again, what's going on here?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:40
Two actions in the past, and you want to show that one of those actions happened first.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
The action that happened first we have to express using the past perfect tense, which
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๋จผ์ € ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
means we need to say: "The flight had already left."
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์ฆ‰, " ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
When I reached the airport, before that the flight had already left.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณตํ•ญ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ ์ „์— ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
11:07
So if you weren't sure about that or you got it wrong, then please review the past perfect tense.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
11:17
Okay?
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11:17
Now, I know there's quite a lot to do, but you can master it.
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
์ด์ œ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๊ฝค ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
But if you don't understand why it was wrong, that's what I want you to be able to do because
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
11:28
you're not going to have a teacher with you all the time.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
You are your own teacher, so as you get better at understanding what the reasons were why
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
11:39
these were wrong, you will be able to improve your English very, very quickly.
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๋‹น์‹  ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
So, what should you do now?
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:46
Well, you should do this: Go to our website at www.engvid.com.
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์Œ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
11:52
There, you can do a quiz on this subject.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
Right?
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11:56
On these tenses that we did.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์—.
11:59
That's the first thing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
Second, you can watch hundreds of other videos about these tenses and you may...
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•„๋งˆ๋„...
12:06
You will find lessons on past simple, past continuous, present perfect, past perfect.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
You can watch those.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
12:14
Also, I've written a resource which you can look at and you can download it for free,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
and it's called: "English Verb Tenses", you can also refer to that.
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"์˜์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
And besides that, you can subscribe to my channel because I have a lot of lessons
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๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:29
that are going to save you lots and lots of time.
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.
12:33
Okay? Your time is precious.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
Learn the important mistakes that students make, which I know because
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์ €๋Š” 25๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ 
12:39
I've been teaching English for more than 25 years, and I know I can help you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
12:44
Thanks very much for watching and good luck with your English.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด์— ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
Bye for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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