How to ask questions in the PAST SIMPLE tense

498,616 views ใƒป 2016-03-12

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:02
Hi. I'm Rebecca from engVid.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ engVid ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:05
If you're a beginner or intermediate level student,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใพใŸใฏ ไธญ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
00:07
this is a really important lesson for you,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
00:10
and that's because we're going to focus on the past simple tense,
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ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ€็‰นใซ้ŽๅŽปๅ˜็ด”ๆ™‚ๅˆถใง
00:15
and specifically on making questions or forming questions in the past simple tense.
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่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใŸใ‚Š ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™.
00:21
Now, why are these two areas specifically a little bit more challenging for students?
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ใงใฏใ€ใชใœใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใŒ็‰นใซ ๅญฆ็”Ÿใซใจใฃใฆๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:27
For two reasons. First of all, when we're talking about the past tense,
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็†็”ฑใฏ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซ ใ€้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
00:32
it's a little bit more challenging because we have to deal with regular verbs and irregular verbs,
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ใ€่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ‚
00:39
and when we're talking about questions it's a little bit harder because we have to add some
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ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:44
words when we form a question and we have to change other words. All right?
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่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ ไป–ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:50
And all of this we have to do quite a lot when we speak in English,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
00:56
because most of the time when you speak in English
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€
00:58
or when you speak probably in any language,
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ใพใŸใฏ ใŠใใ‚‰ใไป–ใฎ่จ€่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€
01:01
we tend to talk more about the past than about anything else.
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็งใŸใกใฏ ไป–ใฎไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
01:06
So, certainly, when we speak in English, we use this tense very, very often.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’้žๅธธใซ้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:12
Okay? So, let's have a look at exactly how to make these changes
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใง็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ณชๅ•ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’่กŒใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:17
so that you can ask questions in the past simple tense very easily. Okay.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:24
So, first of all, let's look at the sentence. When we form a sentence using a regular verb
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใพใšใฏๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใซ ้€šๅธธใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ
01:31
in the past, so what we do is we take the base verb, which in this first case is "work",
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ใ€ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใฏใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€
01:38
and we add "ed" or "d". Okay? If the verb already ends in "e", like "dance",
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ใ€Œedใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œdใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œdanceใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ™ใงใซใ€Œeใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
01:45
then we just add a "d"; and if not, we add "ed".
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ใ€ใ€Œdใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:50
So: "He worked", right? "He worked",
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใ€
01:54
"work" becomes "worked". But what happens when we need to make the question? Two things.
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ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใ€ใฏใ€Œๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? 2ใคใฎใ“ใจใ€‚
02:01
First, you have to add this extra word: "Did".
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ใพใš ใ€ใ€ŒDidใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:05
Without that, your question, I guarantee you, will be wrong.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:10
It might be casual, it might be informal, but it will grammatically be incorrect.
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ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:15
So we need that word "Did" to form the question, and then we have to make another change.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ŒDidใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:22
We have to add this: "Did he work?"
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผš ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅƒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
02:26
So what happened? Here, when we had the sentence, we had to
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใง ใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใŒใงใใŸใจใใซ
02:31
write "ed", and we said: "He worked." But when we come back to the question,
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ใ€Œedใ€ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ณชๅ•ใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใจ
02:37
we are coming back to the base form off the verb,
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚ŒใŸๅŽŸๅฝขใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
02:41
so we do not say: "Did he worked?"
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:44
We just say: "Did he work?" All right?
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:47
So try to get the rhythm of that. And I'll try to repeat
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ‚’ใคใ‹ใ‚€ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใ‚‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใใ†ใจใ—
02:50
it for you, too, which you can then listen to and repeat after me. So, for example:
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ ใฆใ€็งใฎๅพŒใซ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
02:56
"He worked.", "Did he work?",
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅƒใ„ใŸ๏ผŸใ€ใ€
03:00
"She played.", "Did she play?",
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้Šใ‚“ใ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้Šใ‚“ใ ๏ผŸใ€ใ€
03:06
"They visited.", "Did they visit?"
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่จชใ‚ŒใŸ๏ผŸใ€
03:10
All right? You see? In each case, we have come back to the base form of the verb. So,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใšใ‚Œใฎๅ ดๅˆ ใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
03:17
do not say: "Did he worked?" Don't say: "He worked?" Try to use the entire expression:
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅƒใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผ ใฏๅƒใ„ใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:25
"Did he work?", "Did she play?", "Did they visit?" Okay?
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ใ€ŒDid he work?ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒDid she play?ใ€ใ€ ใ€ŒDid they visit?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:29
That's with regular verbs.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:31
Now, what happens when we have irregular verbs? Well, you have to learn a little bit more.
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ใงใฏใ€ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใชใ„ใจใ€‚
03:37
First, you have to learn: What is the past tense form to use with those irregular verbs?
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ใพใšใ€ๅญฆใฐใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“: ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
03:45
So, for example, in this one, the verb itself is the verb "go".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉž่‡ชไฝ“ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œgoใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:50
"I go." Or let's say: "He goes."
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"ๅ›ฒ็ขใ€‚" ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่กŒใใ€ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:53
But in the past, you have to know that the past tense form of "go" is "went".
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซใŠใ„ใฆ ใฏใ€ใ€Œgoใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏใ€Œwentใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:00
All right? How do you know that? Well, you just have to learn it. Okay? There's no other way.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไป–ใซๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:06
There's a list of irregular verbs, and then you have to learn them by heart, you probably
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ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
04:11
know many of them because you hear them a lot, but otherwise, you have to learn them.
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่žใใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅคšใใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œไปฅๅค–ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
04:17
There's not much choice, there. Okay?
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ใใ“ใซใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:20
So in the past: "He went." How do we make that into a question, and what happens?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰้ŽๅŽปใซ๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่กŒใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ณชๅ•ใซใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:25
The same thing that happened up here with the regular verbs. So: "He went." becomes:
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ใ“ใ“ใง้€šๅธธใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใง่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผš
04:32
"Did he go?" All right? So let's see. "He went to the store."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใฎๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:37
When we ask the question, we say:
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่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ ใ€
04:39
"Did he go to the store?" All right?
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸ ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:42
So, again, we had to add the word "did", and
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ ใ€Œdidใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹
04:46
we have to come back to the base form of the verb, which in this case was "go". All right?
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ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œgoใ€ใซๆˆปใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:53
Next one: "She saw him." for example.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฝผใ‚’่ฆ‹ ใŸใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚
04:58
Question: "Did she see him?"
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่ณชๅ•๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฝผใซไผšใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
05:01
We add "did" and we come back to the base form of the verb: "see".
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ใ€Œdidใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ  ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใ€Œseeใ€ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:07
"We broke the bottle."
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ็“ถใ‚’ๅ‰ฒใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
05:10
Question: "Did we break the bottle?"
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่ณชๅ•: ใ€Œ ใƒœใƒˆใƒซใ‚’ๅฃŠใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€
05:14
We added "did" and we came back to the base form of the verb.
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ใ€Œdidใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:19
I know you're going to get really tired of hearing me say that, but I'm saying that many times so that will
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็งใŒใใ†่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใฎใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ†ใ‚“ใ–ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจ็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€็งใฏไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ ดๅˆใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹
05:25
help you to remember that we do come back to that in all cases;
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ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:30
with regular verbs or
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่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใพใŸใฏ
05:32
irregular verbs. Okay? There is a pattern to it.
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ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใซใฏใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:35
"Did he go?",
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใ€
05:37
"Did she see?",
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใ€
05:38
"Did we break?" Okay? Like that.
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๅฃŠใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
05:41
Try to hear it, try to say it aloud as much as you can as well.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅฃฐใซๅ‡บใ—ใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:46
Now, there is another little challenge, because sometimes we're also using question words. Right?
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๅฐใ•ใช่ชฒ้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
05:53
So, for example... First of all, what are the question words?
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ใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐโ€ฆ ใพใš ็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใจใฏ๏ผŸ
05:57
"Who", "what", "when", "where", "why", "how", "how much", "how many", "how often",
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ใ€Œ่ชฐใŒใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‚’ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œใชใœใ€ ใ€Œใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ๅ›žใ€ใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใงใ€
06:02
things like that. Okay? These are our question words.
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ใจใ‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:06
So, how do we integrate or use these words along with our past simple questions?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใช่ณชๅ•ใจใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ตฑๅˆใพใŸใฏไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
06:13
So let's take the sentence first:
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ใงใฏใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใซ
06:15
"He bought it." All right? Past tense of "buy" is "bought".
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ่ฒทใ†ใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฏใ€Œ่ฒทใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:21
You need to learn that one. Now, if you want to ask the question... Use the question word
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ... ใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ€ใจใ„ใ†็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
06:26
"where", so what happens? We keep this part-right?-that we learnt up here: "Did he buy it?"
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ใ€ใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใใฎใพใพใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:33
That stays the same, but we need to add the word, let's say "Where" before it. So, the important thing
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒใ˜ใพใพใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
06:41
to remember is: Even when we use that question word, we still have to use "did".
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใฎ็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใ€Œdidใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:46
So we don't say: "Where he buy it?"
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏ ใ€Œใฉใ“ใง่ฒทใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:49
Or we do not say: "Where he bought it?"
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใฉใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:52
No. We have to say:
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ใ„ใ„ใˆ
06:54
"Where did he buy it?",
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ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใง่ฒทใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€
06:56
"Where did he buy it?" Okay? In regular conversation, that's how it would sound.
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ใ€Œใฉใ“ใง่ฒทใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ้€šๅธธใฎ ไผš่ฉฑใงใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:02
"Where did he buy it?"
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใฉใ“ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚ใ€
07:05
"She left." All right? Now we want to say: "When?"
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"ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่กŒใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸใ€‚" ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ ใง่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ€Œใ„ใค๏ผŸใ€
07:09
So it becomes: "When did she leave?",
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ใ€Œ ใ„ใคๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅŽปใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€
07:13
"When did she leave?" All right?
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ใ€Œใ„ใคๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅŽปใฃใŸใฎ๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:15
So the most important thing is you're keeping this construction
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏ
07:18
of: "Did she leave?" like we saw up here, but you're just adding the question word
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ใ€ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅŽปใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€็–‘ๅ•่ฉžใ‚’ใใฎ็›ดๅ‰ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
07:23
right before it. All right?
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:25
Last one: "They returned."
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
07:28
And you want to say: "Why?" You want to ask: Why? So it becomes:
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ™๏ผšใ€Œใชใœ๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ„๏ผšใชใœใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
07:32
"Why did they return?" Okay?
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ใ€Œใชใœๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:35
Again, we have the form: "Did they return?"
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ ใ€ŒDid they return?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝขๅผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:38
and we just added the question word "Why" before it.
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ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€ŒWhyใ€ใจใ„ใ†็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
07:42
In a minute when we come back, you'll have a chance to
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ใ™ใใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ ใ™ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
07:45
practice this a little bit more.
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ใ€‚
07:48
So, we'll look at the sentence, and then you help me to fill in the question. Okay?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ณชๅ•ใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:55
Number one: "The client signed."
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1ใค็›ฎ๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใŒ็ฝฒๅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
07:58
Now, don't worry that in these examples I've purposely given
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ๆ„ๅ›ณ็š„ใซ
08:01
you a few extra words. It doesn't matter if I said: "He signed." or "The client signed."
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ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใŒ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็ฝฒๅใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใŒ็ฝฒๅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
08:10
Or if I gave a simple verb like "worked", and this is a new verb, but it doesn't matter.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œworkedใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜็ด”ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:16
And even if you don't know the verb and even if you don't know the meaning, it doesn't
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ๅ‹•่ฉž ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›
08:21
matter. You know the principle, and so you can figure it out. Right? That's what I want
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅŽŸ็†ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œ
08:28
you to be able to do. So even if you come across a word that you've never heard before,
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ใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฎใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใซๅ‡บใใ‚ใ—ใŸ
08:34
you can still apply what you've learned to figure it out. Okay? That's what we're doing now.
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ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’้ฉ็”จใ—ใฆ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒไปŠใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
08:41
So: "The client signed." So, how do we make it into a question?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใŒ็ฝฒๅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ† ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใใ‚Œใ‚’่ณชๅ•ใซใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:47
"Did", right? So I've written that for you already:
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ใ€Œใ—ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ ใ™ใงใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™๏ผš
08:50
"Did the client", what happens here?
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ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:55
This is a regular verb, so we added "ed".
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใช ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:59
So what happens there? We go back to what?
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ใใ‚Œใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไฝ•ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:02
The base form of the verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใ€‚
09:08
So: "Did the client sign?"
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใฏ็ฝฒๅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
09:11
For example: "Did the client sign the contract?" Okay?
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ไพ‹: ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆ ใฏๅฅ‘็ด„ๆ›ธใซ็ฝฒๅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:15
Next: "The President agreed." All right?
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ๆฌก๏ผšใ€Œๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ ใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:19
This was an example of a verb which already ends
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ™ใงใซ
09:22
in "e", so we only needed to add the "d"-right?-to turn it into the past tense.
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ใ€Œeใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€Œdใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ใงๆธˆใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:28
"The President agreed." When we ask the question, it becomes:
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ใ€Œๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
09:32
"Did the President
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ใ€Œๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜ใฏ
09:39
agree?" Okay? Very good.
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ๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
09:42
"The university offered."
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ใ€ŒๅคงๅญฆใŒๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ€
09:44
Now, I didn't have space to write the full sentence. Maybe something
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…จๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
09:48
like: "The university offered him a scholarship." Okay? So, we know that the verb is "offer",
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ใ€Œๅคงๅญฆใฏๅฝผใซๅฅจๅญฆ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ€Œofferใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
09:55
then we add an "ed", it became past tense. "The university offered", but when we go back
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ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒๅคงๅญฆใŒๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€่ณชๅ•
10:01
to the base form of the verb in the question, it becomes:
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ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใจใ€
10:05
"Did the university
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ใ€Œๅคงๅญฆ
10:10
offer him a scholarship?" Right?
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ใฏๅฝผใซๅฅจๅญฆ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
10:13
"Did the university offer him a scholarship?"
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ใ€Œๅคงๅญฆใฏ ๅฝผใซๅฅจๅญฆ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
10:17
So in all these cases, we have come back to the
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž ใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
10:20
base form of the verb. Okay, good.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:23
Next: "The band performed." Okay?
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ๆฌก๏ผšใ€Œใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใŒ ๆผ”ๅฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:27
Again, we see the "ed" here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:30
"Did the band
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ใ€Œใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใฏ
10:38
perform?"
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ๆผ”ๅฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€
10:39
Okay? Very good. I'm sure you got it right. You've understood this, now.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃใ—ใŸใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:44
All right, so those were regular verbs. Now we have a few irregular verbs. All right?
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใงไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:50
Nothing to worry about. Oh, actually there's some regular and some irregular. Okay?
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ€ๅฎŸใฏ ใƒฌใ‚ฎใƒฅใƒฉใƒผใจใ‚คใƒฌใ‚ฎใƒฅใƒฉใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:55
All right. "It felt good."
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
10:58
Now, "felt"-okay?-is the past tense of which word?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ€ ใฏใ€ใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ‹?
11:04
This and this are two verbs that students always get confused. All right?
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this ใจ this ใฏใ€ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:11
So, "felt" is the past tense of
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œfeltใ€ใฏ
11:16
"feel", so it becomes:
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ใ€Œfeelใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใชใฎใงใ€
11:18
"Did it feel good?"
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ใ€ŒDid it feel good?ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:23
All right? Very good. "It felt good.",
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€Œๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸ
11:26
"Did it feel good?", "feel", "felt".
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๏ผŸใ€ ใ€Œๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ€ใ€Œๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„
11:30
Let's jump down here for a second, because I want you to see the contrast. All right?
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ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:34
"She fell yesterday." Okay? She fell down, or something like that.
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅ€’ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฝผๅฅณ ใฏๅ€’ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:39
So: "fell" is the past tense of which word?
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ใงใฏใ€"fell" ใฏใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใ‹?
11:44
It's the past tense of, what is it?
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ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝข ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:48
"Fall", very good. So the question becomes:
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ใ€Œ็ง‹ใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€
11:51
"How did",
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ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ€ใ€
11:57
"How did she fall?" All right?
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ่ปขใ‚“ใ ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
12:01
Because when we have the question word, we still need to add "did",
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็–‘ๅ• ่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œdidใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
12:04
and then we come back to the base form of the verb.
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:09
Okay. "How did she fall?" All right? So remember these two. Okay? People... Students
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ€’ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ ใ“ใฎ2ใคใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ People... ๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏ
12:14
always confuse these two verbs, so make sure you don't do that.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆททๅŒ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆททๅŒใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:18
"Fall", "fell", "feel", "felt". All right? Very good.
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ใ€Œ่ฝใกใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œ่ฝใกใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
12:23
"The bride arrived." Who's the bride? What does the word "bride" mean? The bride is the
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ใ€Œ่ŠฑๅซใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ่Šฑๅซใฏ่ชฐ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ่Šฑๅซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่Šฑๅซใฏ
12:30
elegant woman who's getting married. Okay? So, a "bride" is the woman who's getting married.
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็ตๅฉšใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚จใƒฌใ‚ฌใƒณใƒˆใชๅฅณๆ€งใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œ่Šฑๅซใ€ใฏ็ตๅฉšใ™ใ‚‹ๅฅณๆ€งใงใ™ใ€‚
12:36
So: "The bride arrived." This happens to be a regular verb. How do we know that? Because
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ่ŠฑๅซใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŸใพใŸใพ ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
12:42
of the ending, here. Again, the word ends in "e": "arrive", we're just adding "d". So,
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ใ‚จใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฏ ใ€Œeใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œarriveใ€ใซใ€Œdใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
12:48
how do we make it a question? "When",
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใใ‚Œใ‚’่ณชๅ•ใซใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใ€
12:58
very good.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:59
"When did she arrive?" Okay?
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:03
We've gone back to our base form.
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ๅŸบๆœฌใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:06
Last one: "I told him." Okay?
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๅฝผใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:09
"I told him." So "told" is the past
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"็งใฏๅฝผใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€‚" ใงใฏใ€ "told"
13:13
tense of which word? You need to know in order to ask the question:
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ใฏใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใ‹?
13:17
"What",
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ใ€Œไฝ•ใ€ใ€
13:20
"What did you
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ใ€Œ
13:25
tell him?" All right?
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ๅฝผใซไฝ•ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:27
So you see that especially with the past tense of the irregular verbs, it's really important
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็‰นใซไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝข ใŒ
13:33
for you to know exactly what's the past tense form and... And so on. Because otherwise,
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ไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ... ใชใฉใชใฉใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
13:39
you won't be able to make this transition easily and comfortably, but once you know
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ใ“ใฎ็งป่กŒใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใ‹ใคๅฟซ้ฉใซ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ไธ€ๅบฆ็Ÿฅใฃ
13:44
them, it will come to you really, really fast. Okay?
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ใฆใ—ใพใˆใฐใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้€Ÿใใชใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
13:48
So I hope this lesson has helped you
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ ใŒ
13:50
to understand a little bit better how to form questions, especially in the past simple tense.
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ใ€็‰นใซๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎไป•ๆ–นใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ๅธธใซๆŽจๅฅจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹
13:56
If you'd like to do some practice, which is always recommended,
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€
14:00
please go to our website, www.engvid.com, and there you can do a quiz on this,
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ๅฝ“็คพใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€
14:06
as well as watch over 700 other lessons.
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700 ไปฅไธŠใฎไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:09
And then don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:14
so you can get lots of other useful videos. All right?
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไป–ใซใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:17
All the best with your English. Bye for now.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใง้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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