Conversational English - How to Generalize

204,449 views ใƒป 2013-01-25

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:03
Hi. My name is Rebecca, and in today's lesson, I'm going to show you a number of words and
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€
00:09
expressions that you can use when you want to generalize about something, when you want
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ
00:15
to speak about something in general. Okay? So let's look at them. They're very useful
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ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใจ่กจ็พใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:21
when you're discussing an issue with someone, or if you're writing an essay, or a paper
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่ชฐใ‹ใจๅ•้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ‚„ใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚„ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™
00:27
about something. You can certainly use these transition kind of words and these expressions.
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ใ€‚ ็ขบใ‹ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ้ท็งปใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:33
Here we go. Okay. So, here's the first one: "Overall," okay? You can also practice pronouncing
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ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎ ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
00:40
them after me, if you like. "Overall,", "Generally,", "Basically,", "All in all,", "On the whole,",
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€็งใฎๅพŒใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™. ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆฆ‚ใญใ€ใ€ ใ€ŒๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใซใ€ใ€
00:55
okay? So all of these mean that you're going to make a statement which is a general statement,
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
01:01
or comment, or remark.
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ใ€‚
01:04
So, for example, you could start with something like this:
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:07
"Overall, I believe the situation is out of control."
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ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆใ€็Šถๆณใฏๅˆถๅพกไธ่ƒฝใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€
01:13
And you don't have to say this part. You could just say:
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:17
"Overall, the situation is out of control." But you could add this, if you're saying that... If
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ใ€Œๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆใ€็Šถๆณใฏๅˆถๅพกไธ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใ‹ใพใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™...
01:24
you want to qualify it and explain that that's your perspective and your view. Okay? You
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟฎ้ฃพใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใจใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฆ‹่งฃใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ . ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:31
can do that with any of them. "Generally, I think the govt has misspent our money."
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏ็งใŸใกใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็„ก้ง„้ฃใ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
01:38
"Misspent" means spent it in the wrong way or in a bad way.
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ใ€ŒMisspentใ€ใจใฏ ใ€้–“้•ใฃใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใพใŸใฏๆ‚ชใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:43
All right, here are some other expressions you can use when you want to indicate that
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไป–ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็ดนไป‹ใ—
01:48
you are generalizing about something. You could say: "By and large," okay? "By and large,"
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒใŠใŠใ‚€ใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ
01:56
it means the same thing like: "In general," okay? Or: "Broadly speaking,", "Broadly speaking,",
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ใŠใŠใ‚€ใญใ€ใฏใ€ใ€Œไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œๅคงใพใ‹ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅคงใพใ‹ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใ€
02:07
"In general," or: "For the most part, I feel the storm has passed." Okay? Last one: "Essentially,"
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ใ€Œไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ใพใŸใฏ๏ผšใ€Œใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅตใฏ้ŽใŽๅŽปใฃใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 1 ใค: ใ€ŒๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€
02:21
right? "Essentially, I would say the crisis has been averted." "Has been averted" means
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ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ€Œๆœฌ่ณช็š„ใซใ€ๅฑๆฉŸ ใฏๅ›ž้ฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅ›ž้ฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใฏ
02:31
the crisis has been avoided. We managed to avoid it or prevent it from happening. Okay?
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ใ€ๅฑๆฉŸใŒๅ›ž้ฟใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ ๅ›ž้ฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’้˜ฒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:39
So, these are the important words you need to know if you want to generalize, and this
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ€่ˆฌๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹้‡่ฆใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚Š
02:44
is how you could continue a sentence once you have used one of these words or expressions.
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใพใŸใฏ่กจ็พใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅพŒใซๆ–‡ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:50
Okay? If you'd like to practice doing this, which is probably a really good idea, go to
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ข
02:56
our website: www.engvid.com. There, you'll be able to do a quiz on this subject, as well
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝ“็คพใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’
03:03
as watch lots of other videos on many other topics in English. Okay? Thank you very much.
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ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:09
Good luck with your English.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใง้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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