12 Common Errors in Academic English – and how to fix them!

438,950 views ・ 2015-03-28

Learn English with Rebecca


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Hi. I'm Rebecca. And in today's lesson, I'll explain twelve common errors that students
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make in academic English. Now, what's academic English? It's the English that you need to
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use in school, college, or university when you're reading, writing, listening, and speaking
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-- okay -- ideally, but most importantly, when you're writing. Now, what's the difference
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between academic English and general English? Well, academic English in general -- there
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are many differences, but in general, academic English is more formal; it's more objective,
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and also, it has to use a lot of referencing. You always have to let people know where you
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got your information from. You have to cite the source. You have to give the source. You
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can't claim to write something and claim it as your own. Okay? If you do that, that's
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called "plagiarism". It's a very serious offense in academic circles. But today, we're not
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going to talk about how to reference a source. We're going to talk about the two other aspects:
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How to write more formally and objectively, and what are the ten common errors that students
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make when they are not formal enough. Okay? So not ten, twelve. Here we go.
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So first of all, using contractions. All of these are what you should not do, okay? So
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avoid using contractions. Sorry. In this case, don't use contractions at all. So don't say
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"don't"; say "do not". Don't say "isn't"; say "is not". All right? That's academic English.
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Next, avoid phrasal verbs. So for example, instead of saying "go up" -- "Prices went
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up. -- say, "Prices increased." Instead of saying "take away", say "removed". Avoid these
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multi-part verbs. All right? It's not as formal.
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Next, avoid idioms. Instead of saying, "It was A1", say, "It was excellent." All right?
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Avoid slang. Don't say "kids"; say "children". Use the proper terminology for various subjects.
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Avoid pronouns. So for example, instead of saying, "You can see from the graph..." -- all
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right. We use the pronoun "you". Instead of that, say, "The graph shows..." all right?
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Next, avoid negatives. For example, instead of saying, "Something is not effective", just
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say, "It is ineffective." Instead of saying something is "not positive", say, "It's negative."
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So avoid these kinds of negatives.
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Next, avoid clichés. Now, what are "clichés"? "Clichés" are a kind of idiom, basically
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-- commonly used expressions. All right? And so on. Kind of a common wisdom about different
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things. And so you want to avoid these kinds of expressions. For example, instead of saying,
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"When all is said and done" -- all right? We use that in conversation, but you don't
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want to use it in your academic writing. Instead of saying that, you'd probably use an expression
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like "in conclusion". All right?
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So next, there are certain kinds of punctuation -- there are actually lots of rules about
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punctuation. And the kind of punctuation, the style of punctuation that you use in academic
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writing depends on the style guide that you have been asked to follow in your school,
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college, or university. Some very well-known style guides are the MLA or APA. These are
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certain style guides, and they tell you everything about how you need to write, what rules you
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need to follow, what are the rules of punctuation and of quotations marks, of this and that.
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Okay? A lot more than what I'm covering here. But in general, I can just tell you that we
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don't see that many exclamation marks in academic writing, okay? We do see a lot of semicolons.
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All right? That's kind of -- when do we use a semicolon? Do you remember? Okay. What's
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the difference between a period and a semicolon? A period clearly divides two sentences. And
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a semicolon has one sentence which is a complete sentence; then you put the semicolon. You
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do not capitalize the next letter, and the next sentence is connected, and you want to
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show that it's connected to the first sentence, which is a very academic, intellectual, philosophical
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thing to do. So learn to use semicolons if you're in university especially.
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Next, avoid vague language. Don't say "a bit", "a lot", "kind of", "sort of". The days for
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using that kind of language are over. The days are over once you've reached university,
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right? So instead of that, say "a considerable number", "a considerable amount". Okay? That's
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why sometimes they say that you can tell when someone has been to university because they
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use higher-level language, which doesn't mean that you cannot use higher-level language
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if you have not been to university. You can still learn to use excellent language.
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Next, simple vocabulary. Don't use simple vocabulary. You want to use slightly more
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sophisticated vocabulary. Instead of saying "a big difference", say "a major distinction".
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Okay? Now, this is academic.
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Next, avoid giving your personal opinion. Okay? In academic circles, they are not so
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keen on knowing your opinion. Don't say "I think", "I believe", "in my view". Instead
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of that, say "according to so-and-so", "according to this research study" and you mention the
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particular research study. You have to always give credit to the source. Where did you get
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your information? Who wrote that book? What happened? Okay? You have various styles and
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ways in which you can mention that information, but you must always give credit to the source.
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And don't really give your opinion, unless it specifically asked for it in a particular
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assignment. Okay?
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And last, don't use language which is too direct or too strong because then, maybe it
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cannot be justified. So you can't make very broad claims about anything. You have to be
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able to justify anything that you write especially. So in other words, in academic English, your
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goal is to speak like your professor and write like your textbook. And if you can do that,
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then you're probably going to do very well in the academic world and also out there in
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your career. Okay?
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If you'd like to do a quiz on this, please go to our website, www.engvid.com.
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Thanks for watching. Good luck with your English.
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