Difference between Until and Unless - English conjunction words

25,484 views ใƒป 2019-10-23

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:05
Hi. This is Harry and welcome back to my English grammar classes. What we're talking to today
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์•ˆ๋…•. ์ œ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:10
about is a bit of grammar in relation to two particular words unless and until. These seem
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊นŒ์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์—๋„
00:16
to cause students a lot of trouble even though the words are no way connected. In fact, the
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๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
00:21
only connection they have is that they're both described as conjunctions. But that's
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
00:25
the only thing that they have in common. But as I said, they do cause my students a lot
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:30
of problems. So I thought what I would do today is spell out specifically with lots
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€
00:34
of examples, exactly what we mean and how you can use them. Okay. So I'm going to explain
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์™€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
00:40
them to you. I'm going to give you examples of each, and Iโ€™ll work you through the example.
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
So hopefully by the end of the lesson you'll know the difference between unless and until.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
And at the end I'm also going to give you an explanation as to until and till, because
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—๋Š” until๊ณผ till์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๋„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
that's something else that causes my students a little bit of confusion. Okay. Well, unless
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์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”,
01:00
and until they're both conjunctions. So we use them in sentences to join some thoughts.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ฉ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Okay. So there's a commonality between them, but in every other respect, they are very
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ
01:12
different. So let's look first of all at unless. So when we're using it, unless, we don't use
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๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋จผ์ € ์ œ์™ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋’ค
01:18
it with any negative word, it's not followed with a negative. We can't say unless not or
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๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๋˜๋Š”
01:23
unless no or unless I didn't. Okay. So you cannot follow it with a negative only with
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:28
a positive. And you can't follow it with will. Unless I will. Okay. So there are things that
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์ง€๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
01:34
you cannot do, but when we use it in the, in the sentence, let me give you an example...
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜์ง€
01:40
You can't play football outside unless you have finished your homework.
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์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:45
Okay? So, here we're being very specific. We're telling the person what he has to do
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋†€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:52
if he wants to play outside. And this is the actual comparison we can make because it's
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
01:57
very similar in some ways to the word IF. It's conditional. Okay? So you're introducing
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IF๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋น„๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:02
the condition. So he cannot play outside unless he finishes his homework. Okay. You could
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
02:10
rewrite that and say: If you finish your homework, you can play outside. So there you put a positive:
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
If you finish your homework, you can play outside. Unless you finish your homework,
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์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
02:21
you can't play outside. Okay. So the if and unless they're opposites, but they give you
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๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ if์™€ if๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:28
the exact same meaning in the sentence. So there's a condition there, cause we always
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:33
use if when we're talking about the condition. So let me give you that example again. You
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์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ if๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ
02:38
can't play outside unless you finish your homework.
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๋งˆ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ
02:42
You can't play outside unless you finish your homework. Okay? So let me just expand on that
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๋งˆ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:48
again for you. So we've said you can't use a negative after unless, okay. So in the example
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ค๊ฑฐํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ after๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:54
I've given you - You can't play football unless you do your homework first. So the negative
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ค€ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ - ๋จผ์ € ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด
03:01
comes first. You can't, you cannot play football unless you do your homework first. And then
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๋จผ์ €์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:09
how I twisted it around. If you want to use the positive with if. If you do your homework
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํ‹€ ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€. if์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธ์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:16
then you can play outside. Okay? So if you do your homework, you can play football outside.
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๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋†€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
So unless and if in that situation are both opposites. Okay. But they are giving you the
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ if์™€ if๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ
03:29
same meaning one with a positive spin- If. One with the negative spin - unless. Okay.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์Šคํ•€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค๊ฑฐํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์Šคํ•€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ - ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
03:36
Let me give you some, some more examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
So I left my keys at home. So you phone your partner to say you've left your keys of the
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด
03:45
house at home. So Hi, really sorry to bother you. I've left my keys at home so unless you're
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์ง‘ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ ค ์ •๋ง ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์™”์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
03:52
home before me, I'm going to have to wait. Yeah. Okay. So you're ringing to say you've
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๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์ง‘์— ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ์‘. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
03:58
left your keys at home, you've done a stupid thing. You're, you were in a rush this morning
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์ง‘์— ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ , ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ์ผ์„ ์ €์งˆ๋ €๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
04:03
and unless, so this is where the negative comes, unless they get home before you, you're
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
04:09
going to have to wait. Okay. So if they can get home then everything is going to be okay.
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๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
And here we have that word again IF. If they can get home before you, then everything's
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— IF๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:19
going to be okay. But as normal, if you are home first, you're now going to have to wait
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์ž˜ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‰์†Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง‘์— ๋จผ์ € ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด์ œ
04:25
because you don't have your keys.
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์—ด์‡ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
So you ring them. Sorry to ring you, sorry to annoy you, I've left my keys at home and
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์šธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด, ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด, ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์™”์–ด. ๋„ค๊ฐ€
04:33
unless you can get home before me, I'm going to have to wait. Okay. So let me give you
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๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
04:40
another example. We'd go to the kitchen. We're trying to get out to work and look in the
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์—Œ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฐฌ์žฅ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ
04:46
cupboards and we have no coffee. Okay. Oh, I'll get some coffee on my way home. Unless
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์ปคํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์•„, ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์ปคํ”ผ ์‚ฌ์˜ฌ๊ฒŒ.
04:51
you want to run out to the shop now and get some. Okay. So you're giving somebody the
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ์ข€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด์š” . ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:56
choice. You open the cupboards, there's no coffee. Oh, I get some on my way home this
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. ์ฐฌ์žฅ์„ ์—ด๋ฉด ์ปคํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์— ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์ข€ ์‚ฌ์˜ฌ๊ฒŒ
05:01
evening. Unless you want to go now quickly and get some. Okay. Okay. And one more example,
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. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ข€ ์–ป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
and here we're going to put unless at the beginning of the sentence and โ€ฆ so it doesn't
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  โ€ฆ
05:12
really matter where you put it. The meaning is exactly the same. So unless he studies
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์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€
05:18
harder, he really isn't going to pass that exam at the end of the year.
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๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์—ฐ๋ง์— ๊ทธ ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:22
So you're talking to your partner about one of the children, he's having a difficult time
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž๋…€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํž˜๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:28
at school. So you're wondering how are things going to improve? How is he going to get that
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. ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฐ€
05:33
final exam so he can get into university? So unless he studies harder, he isn't going
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๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ง๊ณ ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š”
05:40
to be able to pass this exam at the end of the year. So we're putting on less at the
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์—ฐ๋ง์— ์ด ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:45
beginning, still negative unless he studies harder. Meaning if he studies harder than
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:51
yes, he has a chance of doing the exams, but unless he studies harder than he's not gone
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์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
05:57
to be successful. Okay. So we can use on less as an opposite to if and when we use, unless
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” if์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ on less๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:03
we don't follow it with it a negative, we can only follow it with a positive. And we
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋’ค์— ๋ถ€์ •์„ ๋ถ™์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •๋งŒ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
can twist it if we want to use if, okay.
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if๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋น„ํ‹€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
So let's look at until again, as we said before, it's a conjunction.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
It's different than unless and when we're using until it's constrained by time. It's
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
always time constraints. Okay. It's always about restriction. So let's give you a quick
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ œํ•œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ
06:28
example. I lived with my grandmother until I was 15. I lived with my grandmother until
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 15์‚ด๊นŒ์ง€ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ž‘ ์‚ด์•˜์–ด. 15์‚ด ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ž‘ ์‚ด์•˜์–ด.
06:36
I was 15. So what does it mean? It means that for a long part of your childhood, maybe from
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„
06:41
a young age of two or three, you lived with somebody other than your parents, in this
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2~3์„ธ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜์ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 15์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
06:46
case, your grandmother until you were 15. So all to that age, two 15 and then from 15,
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 15์—์„œ
06:54
something changed. Perhaps you went back and live with your parents or you went somewhere
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:58
else. But the time constraint is that period of your life from early up to your mid teens
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ์•ฝ์€ 10๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 15์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:05
or 15 you were, you spent that time with your grandmother. So just to make sure that you
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. ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
07:12
actually understand this. In, in, in the best way possible when we're talking about, until,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ, ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
07:16
as I said, it's time constraints.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
So it's constrained before and up to the particular time, but not after. So in the example that
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ œํ•œ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ œํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
07:26
I gave you about living with the grandmother until 15. He was there before, up to the age
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ 15์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ „์— 15์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
of 15. So before 15, up to the age of 15, but after something changed. So before an
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 15์„ธ ์ด์ „, 15์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•œ ํ›„์—์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
07:40
up to but not after. So always time constraints. So let me give you a few more examples. I
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
don't have any money for the shops. We need to go shopping or you'll have to wait until
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๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
07:54
I get paid at the end of the week. You'll have to wait until I get paid at the end of
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์ฃผ๋ง์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ง์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:59
the week. So here the time constraint is up to the end of the week, whether that's Friday
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ์•ฝ์€ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์ด๋“ 
08:06
or Saturday, whenever you get paid. So before that and up to that, you can't have any money
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ํ† ์š”์ผ์ด๋“  ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์ด์ „ ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ์„
08:12
because I don't have any. After that I will have money. Hopefully I will get paid.
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๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜๋งŒ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์„๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
So before and up to. So you want to go shopping? I'm sorry I don't have any money. You will
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ๋ž˜? ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
have to wait until I get paid at the end of the week. Okay. Can I give, I'll give you
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์ฃผ๋ง์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”.
08:30
another example. I've never been in the USA until last year. I had never been in the USA
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:39
until last year. So perhaps you went there on a holiday or you went there on a business
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํœด์ผ์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถœ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:44
trip. You're really excited to tell your friend. Wow. I've never been in, in the USA until
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. ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์™€. ์ €๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:50
last year. So up to last year, whatever year that was, that the year today is 2019, last
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž‘๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ํ•ด์˜€๋“  ์˜ค๋Š˜์ด 2019๋…„์ด๊ณ  ์ž‘๋…„์€
08:57
year would have been 2018. So up to and until, before 2018 you had never been in the USA
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2018๋…„์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2018๋…„ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ
09:05
and then it changed. Okay. So now you can say to somebody: Well, I have been there,
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ํ›„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด์ œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ
09:10
but up to last year I hadn't been. So until last year I hadn't been in the USA.
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์ž‘๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž‘๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
Okay. And the third example, you're talking to your son or daughter about some mathematical
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์•„๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋”ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ•™
09:24
problem and the homework and say: Oh, can't you wait until your father comes home? Can't
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๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ˆ™์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์˜ค์‹ค ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‚˜์š”?
09:29
you wait until your father gets home and he will help you? So can you wait, okay, until
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์˜ค์…”์„œ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:36
he gets home. So that constrained, now that is a time restriction. You don't know what
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์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œํ•œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
09:41
time he's going to be home and they're not telling you what time it is now, but it's
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๋ช‡ ์‹œ์— ์˜ฌ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
09:45
that restriction until he gets home and when he gets home, you can ask him and then he'll
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ œํ•œ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€
09:51
probably help you. So canโ€™t, can you not wait until your father gets home and then
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์•„๋งˆ ๋„์™€์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ. ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์˜ค์‹ค ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ
09:58
he will help you with it. Okay. So this is everything to do with until. It's always about
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๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊นŒ์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ
10:03
time and it's always a time constraint.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
And finally then I just want to give you a little bit about until and till, okay? Until
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊นŒ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? When
10:11
- U N T I L till - T I L L. So just be careful with the spelling of that. And the good news
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- UN T I L till - T I L L. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒ ์ž์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€
10:19
is that they're exactly the same and there's no need to be confused. The only difference
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
10:24
is that until is a little bit more formal and till is very informal. Okay? Yeah. There's
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until์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  till์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์‘.
10:31
a song โ€™Till the 12th of neverโ€™. Yeah. There's a song and they use the little abbreviated
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'Till the 12th of never'๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‘. ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ถ•์•ฝ๋œ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:37
version of it till rather than until, okay. But until formal and till is informal. So
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ until formal๊ณผ till์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
10:46
you can use either of them. If you're writing a letter and you're writing to somebody important,
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:51
then I would suggest you use until. If you're speaking in an informal way, as most of us
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until์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
10:56
do now, till is absolutely acceptable. And you don't have to use until. They have exactly
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till์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ
11:02
the same meaning.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
Okay, well, here we are at the end of yet another lesson. And I hope you have enjoyed
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:08
it. And I've explained to you properly the difference between unless and until, and also
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  until๊ณผ until์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
11:15
giving you the information about until and till. So when you've gone through those examples,
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until๊ณผ till์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ
11:20
hopefully you'll be able to practise them yourself and you won't be making any mistakes
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:25
in the future. Okay? So remember as always, press that button and subscribe to the channel
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:30
and join me on www.englishlessonbyskype.com and when you get there, look out for that
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www.englishlessonbyskype.com์—์„œ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด
11:36
link to the Easy Peasy English club. It's really good. There's lots of people joining
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Easy Peasy English ํด๋Ÿฝ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฑฐ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
11:41
and it's there to help you to improve your English because that's what you want to do.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
And that's what I want you to do. So join me again soon.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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