Learn English Grammar: How to use the auxiliary verb 'COULD'

768,584 views ใƒป 2018-05-24

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hello. I'm Gill at www.engvid.com, and today we have a lesson on an auxiliary modal verb:
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” www.engvid.com์˜ Gill์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ
00:11
"could", the use of "could". So, there are two ways... Well, we have five ways that it's
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"could", "could"์˜ ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
00:21
used here, but "could" comes either from as the past tense of the verb "can", which is
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ "could"๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ "can"์˜
00:30
also an auxiliary modal verb, "can": "could" in the past; or it's used as an auxiliary
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ "can"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค" ; ๋˜๋Š”
00:40
verb with other verbs combined. So, sorry that sounds very complicated, but I hope it
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๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:48
comes clearer with the sentences to illustrate how it can be used. Okay.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
00:55
So, first of all, just to show the simple past tense of "can", if I can do something:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ์„ , "can"์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด:
01:02
I can do something today, yesterday I could do it as well; or I couldn't do it yesterday,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์–ด์ œ ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
you could use the negative as well. So, first sentence, then: "At one time"-in the past-"I
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๋„ค๊ฑฐํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ "ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์—"-๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š”- "๋‚˜๋Š”
01:21
could run a mile and not get out of breath". So, to get out of breath is when you've been
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1 ๋งˆ์ผ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ˆจ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ˆจ์ด ๊ฐ€์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:34
running a lot, and then you can't... You're breathing very quickly and you have to wait
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๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ํ˜ธํก์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ 
01:41
for your body to get back to normal. And if you're running, also, it might be painful
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๋ชธ์ด ์ •์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„
01:48
and you have to stop, so that's getting out of breath. Okay? So: "At one time in the past
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆจ์ด ์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์—
01:56
I could run a mile." I can't say now in the present I can run a mile, because I can't,
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1๋งˆ์ผ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” 1๋งˆ์ผ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
okay? But in the past, at one time, I could run a mile and not get out of breath. Okay,
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— 1๋งˆ์ผ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋„ ์ˆจ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”,
02:14
so that's just the past tense of "can".
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "can"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
But then the other four examples are where it's used as an auxiliary modal verb with
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
02:27
different ways of using it. So we have four different ways of using it, here. First of
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์กฐ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ 
02:34
all, number two is a polite request. So, instead of: "Can I...?" you say: "Could I...? Could
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€...ํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?" ๋Œ€์‹  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "์ œ๊ฐ€...
02:44
I borrow your pen, please, just for a moment? Could I borrow your pen, please?" If you say:
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์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํŽœ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํŽœ์„ ์ข€ ๋นŒ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?" ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด:
02:51
"Can I...?" it's okay, but it's not quite as polite. So if you really want the person
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€...?" ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ธด ํ•œ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์˜ˆ์˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด
02:59
to say: "Yes, of course", if you're polite they are more likely to let you borrow their
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"์˜ˆ, ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์˜ˆ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋ฉด ํŽœ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:07
pen. So: "Could. Could I please?" So we've got: "Could I" and we also have "please" at
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ ค๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?" ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "Could I"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— "Please"๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:14
the end. Or you could put: "Please" near the beginning: "Please. Please could I...? Could
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. ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— "์ œ๋ฐœ"์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค : "์ œ๋ฐœ. ์ œ๋ฐœ ์ €...?
03:22
I please...?" Any order. "Can I borrow your pen, please, just for a moment?" So that's
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์ œ๋ฐœ...?" ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ๋ฌธ. "ํŽœ ์ข€ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ค๋ž˜์š” , ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ์š”?" ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
03:29
a polite request. Okay.
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์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ์š”์ฒญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
03:34
And then the third sentence is when you're saying that something is possible. You're
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
03:43
telling somebody something is possible if... If they do something, so this is called a
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
03:51
conditional. Okay. And that... We have lots of video lessons on conditionals, so do have
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ... ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ผญ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”
04:05
a look for those. So, here is an example: "You could get good marks in the exam if you
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งค์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:17
study every day." So, the conditional: "Could" often uses "if", because you have a choice.
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." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€: "Could"๋Š” ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข…์ข… "if"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
Are you going to study every day and get good marks in the exam, or are you going to maybe
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๋งค์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
04:34
study once or twice a week and then you get to the exam and you don't do so well, or what's
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
04:44
your choice? So this is your teacher, your tutor might tell you: "You could get good
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํŠœํ„ฐ๋Š” "
04:50
marks in the exam if you study every day", if you work hard regularly every day. So that's
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๋งค์ผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์ผ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
05:02
a possibility, a conditional. Right.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ.
05:06
So, then number four, this is a polite way of maybe giving a criticism or suggesting
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๋„ท์งธ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€
05:16
something isn't right, there's a mistake, or something may have gone wrong. If you say:
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์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
"I could be wrong, but... I could be wrong, but I think there's a mistake (an error) in
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ... ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ์˜ค๋ฅ˜(์˜ค๋ฅ˜)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:36
these figures." So if you're looking at some accounts, and the figures in columns and they're
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." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณ„์ •๊ณผ ์—ด์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
05:42
supposed to add up accurately, and you look at it and you think: "This doesn't look right."
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  "์ด๊ฑด ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
If you're an accounting genius, you can maybe see immediately something isn't right; the
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํšŒ๊ณ„ ์ฒœ์žฌ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
figures don't balance or something. So... But you don't want to say: "Oh, that's wrong.
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์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ... ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "์˜ค, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด.
06:06
That's not right." You don't want to be so direct, so you're very careful that when you
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์•„."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง์„ค์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
06:14
begin your sentence: "I could be wrong, but I think..." So you're not saying: "I know.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—..." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "์•Œ์•„์š”.
06:22
I can see there's a mistake there." You wouldn't say that. "I think there's a mistake (an error)
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ฐฉ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค." ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ์‹ค์ˆ˜(์˜ค๋ฅ˜)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:32
in these figures", so it's a polite way of suggesting there could be a mistake. "I could
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"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚ด๊ฐ€
06:40
be wrong, but..." Okay. Useful phrase.
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ํ‹€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ..." ์•Œ์•˜์–ด. ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ.
06:46
And then, finally, in this first half of the lesson, when somebody is saying they could
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด
06:55
have done something or they could have been something, a profession: "I could have been
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง์—…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ "๋‚˜๋Š”
07:02
a ballet dancer, but something happened to stop me." A lot of people say: "I could have
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๋ฐœ๋ ˆ ๋Œ„์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด "๋‚˜๋Š”
07:10
done this, I could have done that", and then you think: "Well, why...? Why didn't you?"
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ "๊ธ€์Ž„, ์™œ ...? ์™œ ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด?"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
Maybe the circumstances weren't right, maybe you needed money for it which you didn't have,
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
so there are lots of reasons why people don't do what they could have done; if they'd had
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
07:32
the money, if they'd been in the right place at the right time with the right people, etc.
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๋ˆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด.
07:40
So: "I could have been", that's a kind of conditional, but it's a conditional where
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07:49
it's already in the past and it's too late now, you can't go back and change it. So:
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ:
07:57
"I could have been a ballet dancer, but it didn't happen." So...
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"๋ฐœ๋ ˆ ๋Œ„์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ...
08:03
And that one reminded me of a famous scene in a film, the actor Marlon Brando, you may
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์˜ํ™”์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ ๋ง๋ก  ๋ธŒ๋ž€๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
know this one, called On the Waterfront, and he's sitting in the back of a car with I think
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On the Waterfront๋ผ๋Š” ์ด ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ์•„์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ฐจ ๋’ท์ขŒ์„์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
his brother, and he's saying what... He could have been somebody. He could have really done
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„... ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
08:27
something with his life, and now he's upset, he thinks it's too late, something's gone
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ
08:33
wrong, so he says: "I could have been a contender" meaning someone who really gets out there
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ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
and does something, a contender. "I could have been somebody", rather than nobody. He
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. ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค". ๊ทธ๋Š”
08:49
feels he's nobody. "I could have been somebody." So that's a famous example of: "could have
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
08:58
been" in a film.
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์˜ํ™”์—์„œ "๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค".
09:02
And then to end this half of the lesson, the different forms for "could have", that's the
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ์ด ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, "could have"์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ, ์ฆ‰
09:09
full form with no abbreviation, you can have it abbreviated, contracted with "could've",
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์•ฝ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "could've",
09:18
"I could've", so "could", apostrophe, "ve". So the apostrophe shows the missing letters
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"I could've"๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ•์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ์ˆ˜", ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ, "ve". ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ž
09:27
"ha". "Could have", so you say: "Could've", "could've", just a "ve" sound at the end.
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"ha"๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Could have", ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "Could've", "could've", ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋์— "ve" ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
"Could've" instead of "could have". "I could've". Okay. And then sometimes, because the way
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"ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค" ๋Œ€์‹ ์— "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค". "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค". ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
09:45
people speak, they sometimes say: "I coulda". "I coulda done that. I coulda done that",
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด."
09:52
instead of "could've". "I coulda", if they're speaking quickly, meaning: "I could have done
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด. ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด." "I coulda", ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด "I could did done
09:59
that. I coulda". You may sometimes see this written down if someone's written down what
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. I coulda"๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด ๋†“์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
somebody said, and it sounded like "coulda", you might see that in writing, but usually
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"coulda"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:15
you will hear it when people are speaking.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
And because of this one, unfortunately, there's a terrible mistake that people put when they're
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:28
writing, and they put: "could of", which is completely wrong. Okay? So please don't write
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ
10:38
"could of". It should be: "could have". So: "could of" makes no sense. The word "of" has
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"~ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "~ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "of"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
10:48
nothing to do with what this is saying, so please don't put: "could of", that's completely
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ "could of"๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. "could of"๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ
10:59
wrong, so be careful because also people say it like that: "I could of", "I could of",
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด " I could of", "I could" can of",
11:06
so it's "could've" here turning into "could of" there, and they even say... People even
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” "could've"๊ฐ€ ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ "could of"๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด... ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด
11:13
say it like an "of". "Could of", and they write it that way, too, "could of", and it's
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"of"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Could of", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "could of"๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
completely wrong, so please avoid that if you can. Right, so we'll just move on to the
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉด ํ”ผํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ์ž, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
11:27
second part of the lesson where I have a little test for you. Okay.
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์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”.
11:32
Okay, so here's the test for you to use the word "could" in four different sentences.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ "could"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
So, let's look at the first one. So, another way of saying it is: "I used to be able to
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์ž, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š”
11:52
swim underwater for a full minute." So if you're in the swimming pool, you go under
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1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌผ์†์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:02
the water, below the surface, and you can swim around under water, holding your breath
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋ฌผ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ 1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆจ์„ ์ฐธ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ์†์—์„œ ํ—ค์—„์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:11
for a full minute. Okay? So: "I used to be"-meaning at one time-"I was able to"-able to-"swim
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "I used to be"-ํ•œ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”- "I was able to"-able to-"
12:25
under water for a full minute". So, can you say that in a similar way, starting: "At one
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์ˆ˜์ค‘์—์„œ 1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ". ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ "At one
12:32
time", and then use the word "could"? "At one time", okay. So it's about I, so: "At
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time"์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ "could"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? " ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์—", ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "
12:46
one time I..." So: "At one time I could", and then it goes on. "At one time I could
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๋‚˜๋Š”..." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•œ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
13:04
swim under water for a full minute." Okay. "Full minute" means a whole minute, 60 seconds,
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๋ฌผ์†์—์„œ 1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”. "์ „์ฒด ๋ถ„"์€ 1๋ถ„, 60์ดˆ,
13:15
a complete minute. "At one time I could swim under water for a full minute." Okay. Right,
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์™„์ „ํ•œ 1๋ถ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•œ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์†์—์„œ 1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋„ค,
13:25
so that's using "can", "could" as the past tense. "I could at one time", okay. Right.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ "can", "could"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ.
13:36
Next one. If you ask someone to speak more slowly, what would you say? If you're asking
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๋‹ค์Œ. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:45
someone to speak more slowly, politely asking them: "Speak more slowly", so you say: "Please...
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ "๋” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋ฉด "์ œ๋ฐœ...
13:57
Please", so the word we want to use is "could", so: "Please could", "Please could", and then
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์ œ๋ฐœ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ œ๋ฐœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ", "Please can", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:13
we're speaking to another person, so we need the word for the other person. "Please could
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ œ๋ฐœ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•ด
14:19
you", okay? So: "Please could you speak more slowly?" Okay? Right. So that's a polite request,
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", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "์ข€ ๋” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š” ?" ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํƒ
14:38
isn't it? You're being polite to the person. They're speaking too quickly, you're asking
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์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
them: "Please, could you speak more slowly?" All right.
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"์ œ๋ฐœ, ๋” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
14:50
Next one, you want to tell somebody, someone they are capable, they are able, they have
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:00
the possibility of writing a book. They know so much about a subject that you say: "You
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์ฑ…์„ ์“ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ "๋‹น์‹ ์€
15:11
know so much about that subject, you are capable, you are able, you would be able to write a
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:20
book on that subject because you know so much and you're so interested in it." So it's encouraging
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
15:28
them to go ahead, write a book. So what do you say to tell them that they're capable
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
15:35
of writing a book? Using the word "could": "You..." So: "You could... You could write",
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? "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ: "๋‹น์‹ ์€..." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๋‹น์‹ ์€... ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
15:56
not "writing" this time, but: "You could write a book", okay? "You could write a book on
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, ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” "๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ", ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:05
that subject. You know so much about it." Okay, so that's a conditional because you
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€
16:13
could... The person may not decide: "Oh, right, I'll write a book, then." They may think:
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... ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ธ๊ฒŒ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
"Oh no. I can't... I can't do that, it's too much work. I'm not going to do that." But
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"์˜ค ์•ˆ๋ผ. ๋‚œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด... ๋‚œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์ด์•ผ. ๋‚œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ." ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
16:27
there's the possibility that they could write a book if they wanted to. Okay.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฑ…์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
16:35
And then finally: "I had the chance, the opportunity to be in a Hollywood film, but it didn't happen."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ " ํ• ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ ์˜ํ™”์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
16:49
Something went wrong. They chose somebody else, as often happens. It didn't happen.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
I had the chance, I had the opportunity, they were thinking of me, considering me. This
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด
17:03
isn't true, by the way. But: "I had a chance to be in a Hollywood film, but it didn't happen."
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ " ํ• ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ ์˜ํ™”์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค."
17:14
So, how would you say that using the word "could"? "I", you need several words here
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? "I", ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—
17:27
with "could", "could" plus some other words. "I..." Okay, so "could" comes first. "I could",
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"could", "could"์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š”..." ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค",
17:41
"in a Hollywood film". "I could have... I could have been", okay? So: "I could have
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"ํ• ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ". "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด... ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "
18:01
been in a Hollywood film, but it didn't happen." Okay.
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ํ• ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ ์˜ํ™”์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”.
18:06
So, I hope that's been useful for you. So, if you'd like to go to the website, www.engvid.com,
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๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ www.engvid.com ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
18:19
there's a quiz there. In addition to this test we've just done, there's a quiz on this
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ•œ ์ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
18:24
subject, so please go and try the quiz and see how you do. And please subscribe to my
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๊ฐ€์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
18:29
channel if you've enjoyed this lesson, and thanks for watching. See you again soon. Bye.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šฐ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์ž. ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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