Learn English Tenses: The Present Perfect

168,622 views ใƒป 2021-03-23

Learn English with Bob the Canadian


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, Bob the Canadian here.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ไบบใฎใƒœใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:01
Welcome to this English lesson
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ใ“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ
00:03
where I'm going to help you learn the present perfect tense.
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ใ€‚็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๅญฆใถใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:06
- [Narrator] Hey, have you started yet?
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-[ใƒŠใƒฌใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ]ใญใˆใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
00:07
- Yes, I've started.
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-ใฏใ„ใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:08
- [Narrator] Sorry.
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-[ใƒŠใƒฌใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ]ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:09
- No problem.
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- ๅ•้กŒใชใ„ใ€‚
00:11
The present perfect tense is used when you wanna talk
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข ใฏ
00:14
about an action where the time isn't important
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ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใŒ้‡่ฆใง
00:17
or the time isn't specified
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ใฏใชใ„ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใŒๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œ
00:19
or the action hasn't really finished happening.
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ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:22
We use it in sentences like this.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:24
I have worked hard today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:25
I have learned a lot of new English vocabulary.
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็งใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
00:28
So stick around. In this lesson, I'll show you
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ›บๅŸทใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏ
00:30
how to form the present perfect tense.
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:32
I'll show you how to conjugate it
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็คบใ—
00:34
and we'll talk about when to use the present perfect tense.
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
We'll also look at how to form the negative
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ใพใŸ ใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€
00:40
and of course, how to form questions using this tense.
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:43
(classical music)
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๏ผˆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฏ้Ÿณๆฅฝ๏ผ‰็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
00:51
Let's start by talking about how to conjugate
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ใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚
00:53
the present perfect tense.
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:55
You do this by taking your subjects,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธป้กŒใ€
00:57
I, you, he, she, we and they,
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็งใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ€ๅฝผใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ€็งใŸใกใจๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€
00:59
and you conjugate the verb to have as your helper verb
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉž ใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใƒ˜ใƒซใƒ‘ใƒผๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆŒใคใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆดป็”จใ—ใพใ™
01:03
so I have, you have, he, she has, we have and they have.
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ใ€‚
01:08
Then you take your verb and you put it
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œ
01:10
into the past participle.
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ใ‚’้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:12
I'm going to use the verb to call because it's regular,
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่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงๅ‘ผใณๅ‡บใ—ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—
01:15
but you will need to learn a lot of irregular verbs as well.
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ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅญฆใถๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:19
You would then this.
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ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:20
I have called, you have called,
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็งใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€
01:22
he has called, she has called,
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ๅฝผใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€
01:24
we have called or they have called.
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็งใŸใกใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:27
That's how you conjugate the present perfect tense.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:30
As you know, in English we're always in a hurry
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่‹ฑ่ชž ใงใฏๅธธใซ
01:32
to say things as quickly as possible
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’ๆ€ฅใ„ใงใ„ใ‚‹
01:35
so we usually use contractions.
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ใฎใงใ€้€šๅธธใฏ็ธฎ็ด„ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:37
So we don't often say I have called.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใจใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:40
Instead we would say things like this.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:42
I've called, you've called, he's called, she's called,
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็งใŒๅ‘ผใ‚“ใ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ‘ผใ‚“ใ ใ€ ๅฝผใŒๅ‘ผใ‚“ใ ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๅ‘ผใ‚“ใ ใ€
01:45
we've called and they've called.
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็งใŸใกใŒๅ‘ผใ‚“ใ ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ‘ผใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
01:48
I don't know why, but we're always in a hurry
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็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆ€ฅใ„ใงใ„
01:49
and we like to mush our words together
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ใฆใ€ใ™ใใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆททใœๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:51
so that we can say them quickly.
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ใ€‚
01:53
We often use contractions.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ—ใฐใ—ใฐ็ธฎ็ด„ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’
01:55
Let's talk about when you should use
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ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใ™ในใใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:57
the present perfect tense.
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ใ€‚
01:59
There are about five situations
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02:01
when you should use this verb tense.
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ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใฏ็ด„5ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:03
The first is when the time of the action is not over.
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1ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆ™‚้–“ ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:07
So if I say something like this, I have worked hard today,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ†ใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจ ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปŠใ‚‚้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใง
02:12
I'm still working hard now, I was working hard
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆ
02:15
and I will most likely keep working hard,
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ใ„ใใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
02:18
so the time of the action is not over.
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ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:21
I have worked hard today. I think I've worked hard today.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ้ ‘ๅผตใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ้ ‘ๅผตใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:24
Yeah, I've worked pretty hard today.
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ใˆใˆใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅƒใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
02:26
The second situation where you would use
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹2็•ช็›ฎใฎ็Šถๆณใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใฃใŸไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™
02:28
the present perfect tense
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02:29
is when you're using the words for and since
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ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œไปฅ้™ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™
02:33
to talk about something that started in the past.
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ใ€‚
02:36
I could say something like this.
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็งใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:37
I have lived here for 20 years
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซ20ๅนด้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹
02:40
or I have worked for my brother since I was 20 years old.
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ใ‹ใ€ 20ๆญณใฎๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ…„ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:45
So when you use the words for and since,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€forใŠใ‚ˆใณsinceใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
02:48
they kind of indicate to you that you should be using
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ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—
02:50
the present perfect tense.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:52
The third situation where you would use the present perfect
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹3็•ช็›ฎใฎ็Šถๆณใฏ
02:55
is to talk about an action that has been repeated
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02:58
between the past and now.
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใจ็พๅœจใฎ้–“ใง็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:00
If I said I have visited her six times,
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็งใŒๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’6ๅ›ž่จชๅ•ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€
03:04
it's an action that started in the past
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใฃใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
03:06
and it's happened five more times
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03:09
since the very first time I did it.
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็งใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸๆ™‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ5ๅ›ž่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ€‚
03:11
I have visited her six times,
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็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’6ๅ›ž่จชๅ•ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
03:13
an action that started in the past
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ€
03:16
and was repeated many times.
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ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:18
The fourth situation where you would use the present perfect
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹4็•ช็›ฎใฎ็Šถๆณ
03:21
is when the time of the action is not important.
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆ™‚้–“ใŒ ้‡่ฆใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:25
I could ask a question like this.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:27
Have you studied ancient history?
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ๅคไปฃๅฒใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
03:29
And you could respond by saying yes,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€
03:30
I've studied ancient history.
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็งใฏๅคไปฃๅฒใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:32
So the time at which you studied ancient history
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ ๅคไปฃๅฒใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ๆ™‚ๆœŸ
03:36
is not important here.
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ใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:37
All that's important is that I want to know
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้‡่ฆใชใฎ ใฏใ€
03:40
if you have studied ancient history.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅคไปฃๅฒใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
03:42
It's a little bit of a tricky one
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03:44
to learn as an English learner,
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่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใจใ—ใฆๅญฆใถใฎใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ไผš่ฉฑใฎไธญใง
03:45
but it's definitely a very common usage
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ใใฎใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸๆ™‚้–“ใŒ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจ
03:48
of the present perfect,
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ใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใงใ™
03:50
to talk about something where the time
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03:52
that that thing happened
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03:53
is not important in the conversation.
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ใ€‚
03:56
The fifth situation where you would use the present perfect
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹5็•ช็›ฎใฎ็Šถๆณ
03:59
is to talk about an action that was recently completed
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ใฏใ€ๆœ€่ฟ‘ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
04:02
and you would use the word just in the sentence.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:05
You could say this.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
I have just finished the book.
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็งใฏๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใฟ็ต‚ใˆใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™
04:08
That means that you were reading the book a few moments ago
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅ‰ใซๆœฌ
04:12
and you read the last page
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ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“
04:14
just in the last hour or in the last few minutes.
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ใงใ„ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ1ๆ™‚้–“ ใพใŸใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ•ฐๅˆ†้–“ใซๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
04:17
So you do need the word just
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ใใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆ
04:18
and you would use sentences like
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ใจใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
04:20
I have just finished the book.
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็งใŒๆœฌใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็ต‚ใˆใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†
04:22
Let's talk a little bit about how to form the negative
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ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใƒใ‚ฌใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉฑใ—
04:25
using the present perfect.
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:27
In order to do this, you simply add the word not
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใซใฏ
04:29
between the conjugation of have and the past participle.
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ใ€ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎๆดป็”จใฎ้–“ใซใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:33
So I could say this.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:34
I have not studied for my test.
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็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:37
I have not visited by sister.
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็งใฏๅง‰ใŒ่จชใญใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:39
You can see I simply added the word not
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ๅ‹•่ฉžhaveใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซใชใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ ใ‘
04:41
between the verb have and the past participle.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:44
Now we have a sentence in the negative.
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ไปŠใ€็งใŸใกใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:47
Hey, I was just editing the video
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ใญใˆใ€็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ช
04:48
and I realized I forgot to mention
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ใ‚’็ทจ้›†ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ‚‚็ธฎ็ด„ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸ
04:50
we use contractions in the negative as well.
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ใ€‚
04:53
We say things like I haven't called, you haven't called,
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็งใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’
04:57
he hasn't called, she hasn't called,
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ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ๅฝผใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€
04:59
we haven't called and they haven't called.
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็งใŸใกใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใชใฉใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:01
So there you go.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:02
I just pop in here for a sec and add this little clip.
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ใ“ใ“ใซ ๅฐ‘ใ—็ซ‹ใกๅฏ„ใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:06
Enjoy the rest of the lesson.
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ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใŠๆฅฝใ—ใฟใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:07
We should also look at how to form a question
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ใพใŸ
05:10
using the present perfect.
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:11
We do this by inverting the sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’้€†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:14
We flip the subject and the verb to have.
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ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ่ปขใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:17
So you would say things like this.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:19
Have you cleaned your room?
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้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
05:21
And you could respond by saying yes, I have cleaned my room.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™ใ€็งใฏ็งใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:24
Have you called your mum?
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ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:26
And you would respond by saying yes, I have called my mum.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€็งใฏ็งใฎๆฏใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:29
So to form a question using the present perfect,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใซ
05:32
you simply flip the subject of the sentence
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ใฏใ€ๆ–‡
05:34
with the verb to have and put a question mark at the end.
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ใฎไธป่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใงๅ่ปข ใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:38
Hey, thank you so much for watching this little lesson
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ใญใˆใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใฎ ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆ
05:40
on the present perfect.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’
05:41
I hope it helped you a little bit
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
05:43
to understand more how to use this English verb tense.
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ใ€‚
05:46
I'm Bob the Canadian.
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ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ไบบใฎใƒœใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:47
If you're new here, don't forget to click
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ใ“ใ“ใŒๅˆใ‚ใฆใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
05:49
that red subscribe button over there
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ใ‚ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹่ตคใ„่ณผ่ชญใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—
05:51
and give me a thumbs up
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ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ
05:52
if you enjoyed watching this English lesson
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352420
1990
ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ่ฆชๆŒ‡ใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:54
and if you have a bit more time,
146
354410
1650
ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
05:56
why don't you stick around and watch another English lesson.
147
356060
3000
ใ€ใ˜ใฃใจ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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