Learn English Tenses: The Present Perfect

169,341 views ใƒป 2021-03-23

Learn English with Bob the Canadian


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, Bob the Canadian here.
0
400
1280
์•ˆ๋…•, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ ๋ฐฅ. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”
00:01
Welcome to this English lesson
1
1680
1620
์ด ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:03
where I'm going to help you learn the present perfect tense.
2
3300
2770
.
00:06
- [Narrator] Hey, have you started yet?
3
6070
1400
- [๋‚˜๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ] ์•ผ, ์•„์ง ์‹œ์ž‘ ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ์–ด?
00:07
- Yes, I've started.
4
7470
1050
- ๋„ค, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
- [Narrator] Sorry.
5
8520
1290
- [๋‚˜๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ] ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
- No problem.
6
9810
1590
- ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
00:11
The present perfect tense is used when you wanna talk
7
11400
3230
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
00:14
about an action where the time isn't important
8
14630
3030
์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:17
or the time isn't specified
9
17660
2030
์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:19
or the action hasn't really finished happening.
10
19690
2850
์ž‘์—…์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
We use it in sentences like this.
11
22540
1690
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
I have worked hard today.
12
24230
1420
๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
I have learned a lot of new English vocabulary.
13
25650
3020
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
So stick around. In this lesson, I'll show you
14
28670
2190
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ๋ผ. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š”
00:30
how to form the present perfect tense.
15
30860
2080
ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
I'll show you how to conjugate it
16
32940
1490
ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:34
and we'll talk about when to use the present perfect tense.
17
34430
3580
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
We'll also look at how to form the negative
18
38010
2400
๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
00:40
and of course, how to form questions using this tense.
19
40410
3039
๊ณผ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
(classical music)
20
43449
2833
(ํด๋ž˜์‹ ์Œ์•…)
00:51
Let's start by talking about how to conjugate
21
51160
2590
00:53
the present perfect tense.
22
53750
1670
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
You do this by taking your subjects,
23
55420
2120
์ฃผ์ œ
00:57
I, you, he, she, we and they,
24
57540
2410
I, you, he, she, we, they๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ 
00:59
and you conjugate the verb to have as your helper verb
25
59950
3600
๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
01:03
so I have, you have, he, she has, we have and they have.
26
63550
4890
I have, you have, he, she have, we have and they have๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Then you take your verb and you put it
27
68440
1980
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ
01:10
into the past participle.
28
70420
1750
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์— ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ€๋ฆ„
01:12
I'm going to use the verb to call because it's regular,
29
72170
3190
๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:15
but you will need to learn a lot of irregular verbs as well.
30
75360
3970
๋งŒ, ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
You would then this.
31
79330
1150
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
I have called, you have called,
32
80480
2110
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:22
he has called, she has called,
33
82590
1820
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:24
we have called or they have called.
34
84410
2860
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
That's how you conjugate the present perfect tense.
35
87270
3020
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
As you know, in English we're always in a hurry
36
90290
2390
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ
01:32
to say things as quickly as possible
37
92680
2630
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด๊ธฐ
01:35
so we usually use contractions.
38
95310
1860
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณดํ†ต ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
So we don't often say I have called.
39
97170
2940
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž์ฃผ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Instead we would say things like this.
40
100110
2600
๋Œ€์‹  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
I've called, you've called, he's called, she's called,
41
102710
3150
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:45
we've called and they've called.
42
105860
2200
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
I don't know why, but we're always in a hurry
43
108060
1780
์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
01:49
and we like to mush our words together
44
109840
1990
๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:51
so that we can say them quickly.
45
111830
1440
.
01:53
We often use contractions.
46
113270
2300
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ
01:55
Let's talk about when you should use
47
115570
1870
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
01:57
the present perfect tense.
48
117440
1760
.
01:59
There are about five situations
49
119200
2050
02:01
when you should use this verb tense.
50
121250
2170
์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
The first is when the time of the action is not over.
51
123420
4490
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
So if I say something like this, I have worked hard today,
52
127910
4180
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:12
I'm still working hard now, I was working hard
53
132090
3820
์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:15
and I will most likely keep working hard,
54
135910
2900
์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:18
so the time of the action is not over.
55
138810
2970
ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
I have worked hard today. I think I've worked hard today.
56
141780
2800
๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋„ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
02:24
Yeah, I've worked pretty hard today.
57
144580
1780
๋„ค, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฝค ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ
02:26
The second situation where you would use
58
146360
2000
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€
02:28
the present perfect tense
59
148360
1600
02:29
is when you're using the words for and since
60
149960
3050
02:33
to talk about something that started in the past.
61
153010
3190
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์–ด for์™€ since๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
I could say something like this.
62
156200
1670
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
I have lived here for 20 years
63
157870
2940
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด์•˜
02:40
or I have worked for my brother since I was 20 years old.
64
160810
4790
๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 20์‚ด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋™์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
So when you use the words for and since,
65
165600
2420
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ for ๋ฐ since๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
02:48
they kind of indicate to you that you should be using
66
168020
2910
02:50
the present perfect tense.
67
170930
1900
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
02:52
The third situation where you would use the present perfect
68
172830
2850
์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€
02:55
is to talk about an action that has been repeated
69
175680
2780
02:58
between the past and now.
70
178460
2150
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
If I said I have visited her six times,
71
180610
3400
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
03:04
it's an action that started in the past
72
184010
2700
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
03:06
and it's happened five more times
73
186710
2490
๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:09
since the very first time I did it.
74
189200
2070
.
03:11
I have visited her six times,
75
191270
2450
๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:13
an action that started in the past
76
193720
2430
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด
03:16
and was repeated many times.
77
196150
2560
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
The fourth situation where you would use the present perfect
78
198710
2900
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ํ–‰๋™
03:21
is when the time of the action is not important.
79
201610
3590
์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
I could ask a question like this.
80
205200
1840
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Have you studied ancient history?
81
207040
2080
๊ณ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:29
And you could respond by saying yes,
82
209120
1770
์˜ˆ,
03:30
I've studied ancient history.
83
210890
1960
์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
So the time at which you studied ancient history
84
212850
3320
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€
03:36
is not important here.
85
216170
1530
์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
All that's important is that I want to know
86
217700
2330
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:40
if you have studied ancient history.
87
220030
2490
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ณ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
It's a little bit of a tricky one
88
222520
1550
03:44
to learn as an English learner,
89
224070
1900
์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์ง€
03:45
but it's definitely a very common usage
90
225970
2750
๋งŒ, ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ
03:48
of the present perfect,
91
228720
1350
03:50
to talk about something where the time
92
230070
2250
03:52
that that thing happened
93
232320
1460
๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด
03:53
is not important in the conversation.
94
233780
2530
์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
The fifth situation where you would use the present perfect
95
236310
3110
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ
03:59
is to talk about an action that was recently completed
96
239420
3530
ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
04:02
and you would use the word just in the sentence.
97
242950
2680
๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
You could say this.
98
245630
833
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
I have just finished the book.
99
246463
2527
์ฑ…์„ ๋ง‰ ๋๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
That means that you were reading the book a few moments ago
100
248990
3310
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์ „์— ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:12
and you read the last page
101
252300
1790
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ
04:14
just in the last hour or in the last few minutes.
102
254090
2910
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
So you do need the word just
103
257000
1650
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ just๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”
04:18
and you would use sentences like
104
258650
1620
ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:20
I have just finished the book.
105
260270
2600
I have just done the book๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
04:22
Let's talk a little bit about how to form the negative
106
262870
2730
์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค
04:25
using the present perfect.
107
265600
1580
.
04:27
In order to do this, you simply add the word not
108
267180
2680
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
04:29
between the conjugation of have and the past participle.
109
269860
3520
have์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜• ์‚ฌ์ด์— not์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
So I could say this.
110
273380
1130
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
I have not studied for my test.
111
274510
2510
๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
04:37
I have not visited by sister.
112
277020
2330
๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
You can see I simply added the word not
113
279350
2490
04:41
between the verb have and the past participle.
114
281840
3110
๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋™์‚ฌ have ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— not์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
Now we have a sentence in the negative.
115
284950
2180
์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Hey, I was just editing the video
116
287130
1640
์ด๋ด, ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํŽธ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:48
and I realized I forgot to mention
117
288770
1780
04:50
we use contractions in the negative as well.
118
290550
2710
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ค๊ฑฐํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์—๋„ ์ถ•์•ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ธ๊ธ‰์„ ์žŠ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:53
We say things like I haven't called, you haven't called,
119
293260
3850
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค,
04:57
he hasn't called, she hasn't called,
120
297110
2280
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค,
04:59
we haven't called and they haven't called.
121
299390
2080
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
So there you go.
122
301470
1110
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค.
05:02
I just pop in here for a sec and add this little clip.
123
302580
3470
์ž ์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ์ž‘์€ ํด๋ฆฝ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
Enjoy the rest of the lesson.
124
306050
1460
๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:07
We should also look at how to form a question
125
307510
2830
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
05:10
using the present perfect.
126
310340
1560
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
We do this by inverting the sentence.
127
311900
2900
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์ „์‹œ์ผœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
We flip the subject and the verb to have.
128
314800
3060
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
So you would say things like this.
129
317860
1870
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Have you cleaned your room?
130
319730
1810
๋ฐฉ์„ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ˆ?
05:21
And you could respond by saying yes, I have cleaned my room.
131
321540
2940
์˜ˆ, ๋ฐฉ์„ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
Have you called your mum?
132
324480
1780
์—„๋งˆํ•œํ…Œ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์–ด?
05:26
And you would respond by saying yes, I have called my mum.
133
326260
3210
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜ˆ, ์—„๋งˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
So to form a question using the present perfect,
134
329470
2890
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ
05:32
you simply flip the subject of the sentence
135
332360
2510
05:34
with the verb to have and put a question mark at the end.
136
334870
3580
to have๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘๊ณ  ๋์— ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Hey, thank you so much for watching this little lesson
137
338450
2320
์ด๋ด, ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งง์€ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ด์ค˜์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ
05:40
on the present perfect.
138
340770
940
.
05:41
I hope it helped you a little bit
139
341710
1700
05:43
to understand more how to use this English verb tense.
140
343410
3390
์ด ์˜์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
I'm Bob the Canadian.
141
346800
980
์ €๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ ๋ฐฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
If you're new here, don't forget to click
142
347780
1720
์ฒ˜์Œ ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
05:49
that red subscribe button over there
143
349500
1900
์ € ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๊ตฌ๋…๋ฒ„ํŠผ ์žŠ์ง€๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ 
05:51
and give me a thumbs up
144
351400
1020
05:52
if you enjoyed watching this English lesson
145
352420
1990
์ด ์˜์–ด๊ฐ•์˜ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šฐ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—„์ง€์ฒ™ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
and if you have a bit more time,
146
354410
1650
05:56
why don't you stick around and watch another English lesson.
147
356060
3000
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—….
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7