Free English Class! Topic: Music! 🎹🎺🎡🎸 (Lesson Only)

40,749 views ・ 2021-11-14

Learn English with Bob the Canadian


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Well hello and welcome to this English lesson about music.
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Music is a fun thing that all of us enjoy in life. Maybe you
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enjoy listening to music. Maybe you enjoy singing. Maybe you
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play a musical instrument. And I'm sure there's a certain type
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of music. There's a certain genre that you really really
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like. For me it would be rock music. But I thought it would
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be a good idea today to do a lesson about music to teach you
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some of the words and phrases that we use in English when we
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talk about the music that we listen to. Uh the music that we
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enjoy. The music that is all around us. The thing that is
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central to music is something called a song. Songs are
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ancient things. They are like poems but when you say them
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your voice goes up and down using different musical notes.
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So it's really cool when you are able to sing a song many of
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you probably have sung your national anthem. So when you
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sing a song. You use the verb to sing. The past tense is
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sung. You could say last week I sang a song. Oh wait I just
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changed it didn't I? He will sing I sing. I sung a song. I
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sang a song. Interesting. I better research that verb. But
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anyways a song is something that someone has written.
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Something that someone has invented that all of us can use
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to sing and enjoy. Some words sometime you can just whistle a
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song as well if you don't know the words. Or you can hum
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along. A song is usually composed if it has lyrics if it
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has words. It usually has a section called a verse. And it
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has a section called a chorus. The verse is part of the song
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that tells a little bit of the story. And then the chorus is
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usually a part that's repeated sometimes between each verse.
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So you might say verse one of the song and then you will sing
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the chorus and then you might sing verse two and then the
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chorus. There's also something called a bridge. Sometimes a
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song will have a bridge between the chorus and the verse or
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between the verse and the chorus. But generally a basic
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song usually has about three or four verses and then a chorus
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that people sing in between. Um yes I could see the internet
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has acted wonky. Hopefully things come back to normal in
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just a bit for you. So when you sing a song when the lead
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singer in a band sings a song. They sing the melody. The
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melody is the part of the song where you sing the words to.
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There are probably many other notes being played during the
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song. But when you sing a song you usually sing the melody.
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There might be also a drum or a piano or some other instrument
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playing other parts to the song that might be in harmony to the
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melody. Um but generally when you sing a song you are singing
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the melody. We also have the English word tune. And we use
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the word tune in a funny way. You could say I listen to some
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tunes in my car the other day. Or I'm going to put in my ear
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earbuds and listen to some tunes while I go for a run. We
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also use it to talk about when you make an instrument play the
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correct notes. You can tune a guitar before you play it. So
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that when you play each string it plays the proper frequency.
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The proper note. So tune has a number of different uses. The
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informal kind of slang use of it is just another word for
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song. You know he sang a lovely tune the other day while I was
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working with him. Or I'm going to listen to some tunes. We
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also call them tracks. Sometimes you'll a track list
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or a playlist. Uh you might hear on the radio that Adele
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has a has a new track out right now. Um so that just means
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song. I think track has been used for a very long time since
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the days of when people had records when there were grooves
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in the record and that was the track. So a track is just
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another word for song. So music is composed of notes. So all
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music is composed of notes. There are quarter notes, whole
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notes, eighth notes and those determine the length of the
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note and where it appears on the staff is the frequency or
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the note that gets played. Someone who writes a song is
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called a composer or a songwriter. So you might know
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someone who likes to sit down occasionally and put notes on a
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page. They maybe might win to themselves or sit at a piano
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playing some notes and then they'll put them on the page.
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We would call that person a composer or a songwriter. Um if
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someone is a songwriter and they also sing we might call
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them a singer songwriter. So a composer or a songwriter is
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someone who writes songs. Notice we use the verb to write
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when we talk about songs. So when you create a song the verb
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we use most often is the verb to Right. Um he likes to write
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songs. She likes to write songs. Someone who plays an
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instrument is called a musician. This person is
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playing a guitar. So we could also call him a guitarist. But
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generally when you talk about someone who can play one or two
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or more instruments we refer to them as musicians. Okay so you
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might be a musician. You might play one or two instruments.
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You might be in a band with some other musicians. So
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musician is the general term for anyone who can play a
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musical instrument. Singer is the general term for someone
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who sings. Not everyone can sing. I am not a very good
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singer. I have trouble singing the correct notes. I'm always
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out of tune. So there's the word tune again. When I sing
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what should be a C note it probably sounds a little bit
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too high or low. I have trouble singing in tune. But a person
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who sings is called a singer. We sometimes call singers
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artists as well. Usually if someone writes songs is able to
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play instruments and is able to sing. If they can do all of
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those things we will often refer to them as an artist
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because they've mastered so many parts of the music making
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process. So someone like Ed Sheeran you might hear him
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refer to as an artist. That doesn't mean he paints. That
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doesn't mean that he gets out paint and he makes paintings.
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We use the word artist sometimes to refer to people
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who also create music perform music, write music, and are
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able to sing and play instruments. If you go to a
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club or if you go to a bar or if you go to a disco tech I
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don't know if those exist anymore. There will most likely
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be a DJ. This is a short version for disc jockey. A disc
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jockey is someone who plays music so that people can dance.
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So you'll see here this disc jockey. This DJ is playing some
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tunes. He's playing some tracks for people. Those tracks or
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tunes probably have a really good beat so that people can
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really start to move. So if you play something that thing is
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called a musical instrument. There are musical instruments
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of all different shapes and sizes. Um anything that humans
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have been able to use to make sounds with they've usually
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created a musical instrument. So if they could make sounds by
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blowing through a stick they made musical instruments. If
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you could make a sound by plucking a string we've made
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that into a musical instrument. Um if you are really good at
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playing music. If you are a good singer we say that you
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have talent. Or we say that you are talented. So I have friends
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who are very talented. They not only know how to play guitar.
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They're really good guitarists. They are really good at playing
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guitar. They are talented. I know at school sometimes I will
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have a student in my class who's very talented. Who's
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someone who's a good singer. They are very talented. They
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have a lot of talent. If you are starting out playing an
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instrument you usually take lessons just like you're taking
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English lessons if you wanted to learn to play the guitar.
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You would take guitar lessons. The way we talk about lessons
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in English is we just put the instrument name in front. So
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you can take drum lessons. You can take guitar lessons. You
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can take flute lessons. You can take try to think of another
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musical instrument. trumpet lessons. So you simply say the
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name of the instrument and then the Word lesson. And if you are
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taking lessons you need to practice a lot. Practice speaks
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perfect. In fact learning English and learning to play an
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instrument are very similar. If you want to be really good at
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playing an instrument you need to practice a lot. If you want
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to be really good at speaking English you need to practice a
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lot. So practice is something you do everyday in order to get
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better at playing that musical instrument. Usually after go to
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a lesson your teacher will tell you please do this for practice
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between now and next week's lesson. So practice is
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something that you do in order to get better and better at
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playing an instrument. A few of the more common instruments in
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North America. I'll go through these somewhat quickly. We have
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the acoustic guitar that is a guitar that does not plug into
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an amplifier. It's simply a hollow piece of wood or other
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material with strings and you can play it no matter where you
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are. An electric guitar is a guitar that you plug into an
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amplifier. It has definitely a different sound than an
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acoustic guitar. Um and I think it's a little different to play
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it as well. I think the neck is a little narrower on an
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electric guitar. There's the piano which has keys. It has
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white keys and black keys. Uh and when you learn play the
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piano. Uh you learn to play with your right hand and then
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you learn to play with your left hand and there's pedals on
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the bottom too that do various things. There are drums which
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some people find to be too loud. Sometimes when people
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have children who are taking drum lessons they make them
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practice in the garage or they make them practice in the
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basement far away from other people because drums can be
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quite loud. But drums are used to add so that the song a beat.
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Um there's usually symbols on a drum set as well as a bass drum
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and a a snare drum and people use that to basically create
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the rhythm or the beat when the song is being played. If you
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play any instrument you probably can be in a band. A
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band doesn't have to be a rock band. If a band plays rock
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music we call it a rock band. But when a group of people get
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together and each person Plays a different instrument. Um and
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if one of the people or a couple of the people sing we
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call it a band. So here you see these people have formed a
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band. That's the English word that we use will say oh my
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nephew is forming a band. My nephew and some of his friends
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have formed a band. Um and then usually a band will pick a
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name. Sometimes it's a cool name. Sometimes it's a little
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bit strange but a band is a group of people who play
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different instruments together. And they form songs or they
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record songs. You might play in an orchestra or you might go
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see an orchestra when you go to an orchestra you'll notice that
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people play older styles of instruments. They play things
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like the violin. They play things like the cello. They
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play things like the Tim Penny which is a kind of drum. The
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orchestra usually plays classical music but sometimes
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plays modern music as well. But you can see this orchestra the
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people look a Little bit older than the people in the band.
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There's a little bit more grey hair but that's not always true
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with an orchestra but definitely young people tend to
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form rock bands and I think older people play in things
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like jazz quartets or orchestras. You might sing in a
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choir or you might know someone who sings in a choir. A choir
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is a group of people that get together and sing. They might
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be accompanied by a piano or an organ or another instrument but
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generally a choirs is a group of 10 or 20 or 30 or 40 or 50
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or 100 people who all get together and learn songs and
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sing songs so that they can perform them. So you'll see
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here a choir is getting ready to perform. It's quite common
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to go and see choirs perform around Christmas. There are
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usually a lot of choirs that perform outdoors and at other
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events during the Christmas season in North America. You
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might go and see a musical. So a musical is a play where they
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don't just act and have speaking parts. They also break
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out into song during the play. And that's how we describe it.
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So this is a play called Mamma Mia based on the songs of the
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band Abba. So I called it a play but it's really a musical.
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So when you go they act and then after a few minutes of
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acting one of the characters in the play will break out into
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song. And then they will do a song and then it will become a
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play again and then they'll do a song and we would call that a
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musical. Musicals are a lot of fun. Uh I've actually seen
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Mamma Mia. I saw it in Toronto many many years ago with Jen.
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It was pretty cool to go and see it.
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So we also have what's called a soundtrack. So a soundtrack is
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Um the music that you heard when you went to see a movie.
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So if you went to see Guardians of the Galaxy which was a movie
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that came out a few years ago it had a really cool soundtrack
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the songs that you kind of heard in the background or
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during big scenes in the movie you can buy all of those songs
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either you know on iTunes or you could actually go to the
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store and buy a CD still and we would call that a soundtrack.
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You can't quite See it. Let's make this a bit bigger. But
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here it says Guardians of the Galaxy original motion picture
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soundtrack says that down there. I know it's a little
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hard to read. Uh so a soundtrack is all of the songs
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that you heard from a movie. So different movies have different
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soundtracks. Sometimes movies have very popular soundtracks
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and everyone likes the songs. Sometimes noone even remembers
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the songs from the soundtrack.
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Where am I here? Concert. So a concert is any kind of live
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performance of music. There have not been very many
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concerts lately in the world. Uh concerts were one of the
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first things that got shut down. But now there are
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concerts scheduled in Canada for the spring. So if you want
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to go see a certain band you can go to a concert. I think
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starting in April or May we will once again have concerts
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in Canada. But concerts are fun. It's where a whole bunch
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of people buy tickets. You buy a ticket for the concert and
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you go and you sit or stand usually you stand if it's a
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really good concert and you listen to music that is
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performed live by a band. Concerts are super super fun to
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go to. So I mentioned live performances. When you see a a
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band played live. If someone says I'm going to see Ed
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Sheeran live. It means you're going to a concert And they're
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going to be up on a stage and you're going to see them.
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You're going to be in a stadium or an arena. And you're going
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to see a live performance. Sometimes restaurants or bars
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will hire a band. And then they'll have a sign out front
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that says live music Friday and Saturday or live music Saturday
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night. And people enjoy live music. I don't have a slide for
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karaoke. But people also enjoy singing karaoke. Sometimes
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people will go to a restaurant or bar and they will sing
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karaoke. That's where the song is played but there's no words
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and you sing the words as you read them off the screen. When
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you go to a live performance there is a stage. The stage is
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the area at the front where the band will be. Uh so sometimes
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people like to be close to the stage sometimes people like to
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be very far away from the stage. If you're right in front
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of the stage you have front row seats. If you are really far
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back and really high up at the back we call it the nosebleed
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section. I don't know why we call it that in English. But if
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you are at the very very of a concert and really high up at
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the back we call it the nosebleed section like oh you
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saw Ed Sheeran yeah did you have seats close to the front
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no we're in the nosebleed section. If you go to a park in
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Canada some of our parks have what's called a bandshell or a
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bandstand. This is a small outdoor building or it can be
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kind of large that is built for the purpose of people
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performing outside for people to perform live. So a band
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shell bandstand is basically a stage. It's a raised platform
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with a partial roof over top. So that if there's bad weather
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the the band or the performers don't get wet. Uh there are
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quite a few parks I was going to say near us the bigger
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cities tend to have a bandshell or a bandstand. Um but yeah
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there is definitely one in the town close to me to the south.
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They have a bandshell bandstand. There's something
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called the charts. So a song can be on the charts. Um the
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most common chart is called the Billboard 100. That's a chart
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in the United States where the company decides what songs are
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the most popular. So right now you could say oh Adele has a
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new song on the charts. Or Adele's song is number one on
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the charts. So the charts simply refer to what song
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people have listened to and downloaded and requested which
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songs are the Most popular. Ranked in order from one to 10
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or one to 100. So I do think right now on the charts I think
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Adele has a hit song Easy On Me and I think right now Adele has
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the number one song on the charts. She has a hit song. So
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again the charts are the ranking of the songs that are
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the most pop from most popular and then as you go down they're
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a little bit less popular. And right now Adele has a number
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one song. She has a hit song and it is number one on the
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charts. We also have something called a greatest hits album or
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just greatest hits. If you like the band Abba you can buy Abba
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Gold which is a collection of their greatest hits. So as Abba
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was releasing songs through the 70s and 80s. Many of those
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songs were really high on the charts. Some probably even hit
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number one. And so you would say that Abba had a lot of
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hits. They had a lot of songs that were very very popular.
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And they put them all together on one album and it's called
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Abba Gold. So if you are an Abba fan if you really really
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like Abba you most likely have this album somewhere. Abba
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Gold. I'm going to ignore the phone. Okay. Um it's nothing
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important and if it is I'm sure Jen will answer it. There are a
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number of different genres. I used the word genre when I
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started this lesson. There are a lot of different musical
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genres. One genre is country music. Another genre is rock
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music. We also call this rock and roll. Rock and roll. But
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usually we just call it rock now. Rock music. So rock music
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is probably one of the most popular genres in North
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America. We also have classical which was mentioned earlier.
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Classical music is usually played on instruments like
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violins or flutes or obos. Um violins and obos and flutes
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produce a really nice sound and orchestras usually play
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21:59
classical music using those instruments. We have jazz. Jazz
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is a type of music where the song has structure but as
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people play the song they play around within the structure of
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the song. Okay. So a jazz song will not I'm going to say a
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jazz song is rarely the same every time it is played because
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people take time to improvise and they play whatever they
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feel like playing at certain points in the song. Jazz is a
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very very cool type of music. I don't listen to a lot of jazz
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but it is a cool type of music. A cool genre. We have rap of
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course which is usually a beat with some sort of melody in the
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background and then the person instead of singing usually
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speaks the words they might actually sing a little bit as
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they speak the words but generally a rap song is
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characterized. A rap song generally has someone just
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speaking the words to a beat. Rap is a very very popular type
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of music. Very very popular genre. We have pop music. I
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know Abba is an older band but right now pop music refers to
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popular music. It's the music that you're most likely to hear
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when you're at the mall or when you turn on the radio. It is
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the most popular kind of music for that day. So we shorten it
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of course to pop music. Uh Abba was a very very famous band in
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the 70s and 80s and they are putting on a new show in London
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starting later I think in 2022 where you can go and see Abba
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but they're holograms that should be very very interesting
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I think. So lyrics or words. I've mentioned this a few times
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when a song has words that can be sung then we call those
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lyrics or we call those words. Uh in French I think you call
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them yes so the lyrics are written by a lyrics or the
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words are written by a lyrics sometimes someone writes a song
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and someone else writes the lyrics so maybe in a band one
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person writes the music and another person writes the
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lyrics and we would call them a lyrics a song often has a
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rhythm or beat and it might change throughout the song
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there might be a different tempo during the chorus or the
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verse but Usually the rhythm or beat is played in a rock band
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the drummer and bass guitarist usually keep the beat and the
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bass guitarist and the rhythm guitarist keep the rhythm. What
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beat and rhythm are somewhat simpler. It's how the notes are
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organized. Um the tempo and speed at which they're played
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together. Um sometimes I think about the days when I had
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albums. So when I was very very young. My uncle gave my brother
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and I all his rock albums. Albums by Bob Seager and Deep
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Purple. We had a whole stack of albums and then we would take
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25:04
them out of their sleeve and put them on my dad's record
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25:08
player. And we would read the album cover. All of those words
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and phrases I just used don't really exist in common English
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25:17
too much anymore because everyone just listens to songs
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25:21
on their iPhone or on their phone. But way back when album
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25:25
covers used to be beautifully designed. And you would have
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25:28
this big album that you could open up. We also call it a
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record. So inside the be a vinyl record. I actually think
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that was a really fun era. Sometimes the album cover or
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the jacket as it was sometimes called would have all the
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lyrics to the songs inside of it. So it was really fun to
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play a record on a record player to drop the needle onto
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the record and to kind of read the lyrics in the album cover
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25:56
while you listen to it. Then we moved on to CDs or compact
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26:01
discs. Many people still listen to music off of CDs. We still
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have many many CDs in our house but we don't listen to the very
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26:10
often because as I mentioned we have Amazon Music which is a
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26:14
streaming music service and we use that to listen to music
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26:17
most people though listen to music off of iTunes so they
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will buy songs on iTunes they will have playlists on iTunes
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of their favorite songs. They might have a playlist on their
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phone on iTunes for when they work out. They might have a
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26:33
playlist for when they do homework if they're a student.
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They might have a playlist for when they go for a walk. But
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definitely I would say the most common way to listen to music
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right now is probably to use your phone and to listen to it
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26:46
with something like iTunes. When someone sings by
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themselves it's a solo. Okay. So you might have a band that
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has more than one singer. And when the person starts to sing
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by themselves and the instruments stop we say they're
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singing a solo. Sometimes we would say a cappella that means
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without instruments. But we Also have it where sometimes
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during a performance the guitarist will play a guitar
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solo. So the rest of the band will stop or they'll play a
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27:20
little more quietly and the guitarist will have the light
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on them and they will play really really a really really
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cool part of the song and we call that a guitar solo.
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Sometimes you'll have a drum solo as well. A drum solo would
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be the same. It's when the rest of the band stops playing and
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singing or play a little bit. And the featured musician for
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that time is the drummer. So we would call that a drum song.
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27:48
And when two people sing together we call it a duet.
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There are some very very common or very famous duets in the
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world that people have sung in the past. Um for some reason I
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can't think of one right now. But I think Kenny Rogers and
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Dolly Parton sing a duet. Um I think there is a very popular
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duet Now I'm losing track. Sorry. Um but a duet is when
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two people sing a song together.
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