Free English Class! Topic: Math! ➗➕➖ (Lesson Only)

Well hello and welcome to this english lesson about math. I'm

not sure which subjects in school were your favourite.

Maybe math class was an enjoyable place for you to be.

Maybe math class was really really boring. But either way

whether you like math or don't like math. I think this will be

a good English lesson for you. We all use math everyday

somewhere. Whether it's figuring out how much money we

need to pay for something and how much change we get or just

trying to calculate how much we have to buy if we're building

something. We sometimes need to use math. And so in this

English lesson I'll talk a little bit about math. Um I

have to admit some of the slides. There's a lot less

pictures in the slides and a lot more numbers in the slides.

So once again welcome to this English lesson about math. So

you'll notice I have the word math and I have the word maths

here. And that's because is a difference between North

American English where we use the short form math and British

English where they often say math. So for me I just say

math. When I talk about numbers and adding and subtracting when

I talk about going to a class where I'm going to learn about

mathematics I would say math. I would just call it math class.

So again if you are on the other side of the Atlantic if

you are learning British English you would Most likely

say maths and both are more common than the word

mathematics. We don't often say I'm going to take a class on

mathematics. We would instead say I'm going to take a math

class. So mathematics the study of numbers and equations and

all of that fun stuff which I will explain in a bit. Uh math

the short form that I use and maths the short form people

would use if they are over there in Britain across the

way. We also have what's called basic arithmetic. So

mathematics is a general term for everything to do with math.

But when we talk about basic arithmetic. We're talking about

adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing. Kids

when they go to school one of the first things they learn is

basic arithmetic. They learn to read. They learn to write. And

they learn how to do basic arithmetic. So that's things

like this where you see two plus three which equals five by

the way. So you're hearing me already start to use some of

the English language we would use when talking about math. So

let's get to the four most common. So you'll notice I've

put a number of words at the top because some of these are

used to describe the equation and some are used to refer to

the equation. So when you add two numbers you use the plus

sign and you end up with an equation like this. So if I

wanted to add three and four I would say three plus four

equals seven. So notice I'm Throwing words in there and I'm

using things differently. I'm saying if I want to add two

numbers I would write an equation like this. If I wanted

to add the number three and the number four I would say three

plus four equals seven. So we would refer to all of this as

addition. When you're learning about addition in school you're

learning how to add numbers together and you would do that

by writing equations like this. Three plus four equals seven.

Hopefully that made some said. It's the add and the plus are

used slightly differently if you've noticed. And then when

you add two numbers together you get the sum. So the answer

when you have addition when you add two numbers together the

answer is called the sum. And then we have subtraction. So

when you subtract or when you take away or when you use minus

it's when you have one number and then you take a number away

from it to get a smaller number. So in this equation I

would say this. Nine minus three equals six. I could also

say nine takeaway three is six or nine takeaway three equals

six. Notice I use equals and is interchangeably when I talk

about equations. Um and I would the minus sign. We could also

say nine minus three equals six that works as well. Uh and

again we would refer to this as subtraction. When you're

getting paid at work there's a lot of subtraction. You get a

certain amount of money but then they take money away for

certain things like benefits and taxes. They subtract a lot

of money from your paycheck. And the difference or sorry and

the answer to an equation where you're using subtraction. Uh

the answer is call the difference. So nine minus three

equals six. The answer six is called the difference. I hope

you're not getting too bored with this math lesson yet. Um I

by the way I shouldn't say that should I? I think there are a

lot of people who love math. I myself do like math. So I'm I'm

assuming for most of you you're like me and enjoying this

lesson. Uh then we have another basic function sorry I

shouldn't use the word function. That's a higher level

math. Another form of basic arithmetic is to multiply or to

use the times sign. So this is called multiplication. That's a

hard word to say. I almost said it wrong. Multiplication is

when you take numbers like two and you say two times three

equals six. So when you multiply two by three you get

six. Two times three equals six. Notice how just like add

and when I was talking about add and plus multiply in times

kind of work a little different as well. Two times three equals

six. This is a multiplication question and in this question I

will multiply two by three. I hope I'm not confusing you. But

do note again that multiply and times are used a little

differently when you talk about this equation. Let me say it

one more time. Two times three is six or two times three

equals six. And that is of course called a product. So the

answer when you multiply the answer to the question is

called the product. Two times three equals six six is the

product. And then we have division or when you divide. So

when you have a number like thirty-five and you divide

thirty-five by seven you get the answer of five. So I would

say this. This equation is an example of division. In this

question I'm saying thirty-five divides seven equals five. Or

thirty-5 divides seven is five. So again we refer to it as

division. But when we talk about the action that's taking

place we use the verb divide. So 3-5 divide seven equals

five. And the answer when you're doing division is called

a quotient. So 3-5 divides seven equals five. Five is the

quotient. So that was your basic arithmetic. Uh should I

go over it real quick one more time? No. Let's just move on.

No let me go back. So you have addition subtraction.

Multiplication. And division. I'm not sure why I didn't put

division in brackets. There were supposed to be like a

visual reminder for you. But anyways those are the four

parts of basic arithmetic. We also have long division. When

you're talking about division there are a couple of ways to

do it. This is what we refer to as long division. Where we put

the number in the middle. The dividend and then we put this

little bracket with a line kind of. And we have the divisor and

then on the top you'll eventually get the answer or

quotient. I'm not sure if you like doing long division. It

was one of my favourite things to do. When I was in elementary

school. Um and so you've heard me use this word a few times.

When you have numbers on a page with symbols like this for

times four equals 16. This is called an equation. Okay? So

when you go to school and when you learn math you will have a

lot of equations and there will be no answer. And you will in

your mind need to figure out what the answer is. So luckily

I can still remember that four times four equals sixteen. And

that's an equation. Uh and you'll notice that there is an

equal sign or an equal sign in an equation. So the reason I

have two spellings here is because depending on where you

are you might say one or the other. I use both. So I would

call this an equal sign or an equal sign. But if you're in

America you might say one and if you're in Britain you might

say the other. But Canada's kind of a mixture. Uh Canadian

English is kind of a mixture of the two. And so I use both of

them equally. So we have are called fractions. And a lot of

times when kids learn fractions in school we usually show them

pie graphs or we we talk about pie for some reason. As you can

see this pie or pizza has eight slices. And three out of the

eight slices are yellow. So we would say three eighths of the

pie is yellow. Or three eighths of the pizza is yellow. I'm

pretty sure this isn't a pizza or a pie. Cuz I don't sure if

any pizza or pie is purple with yellow pieces and white pieces.

But a fraction is when you Have one number on top of another

number. A numerator on top of a denominator. Um fractions are

still used because we use we don't use metric for

everything. We still use what we call the imperial system. So

we measure things in Canada in feet and inches because of our

American neighbours. So we still use things like you need

to cut this board six foot and one quarter inches. Or this

needs to be 12 and an eighth. So fractions are still used

even though we've replaced them I think with decimals in

science and things like that. We also have the term percent.

So when you have anything out of a 00 which actually if you

look at percent it has the French word scent salt. So 100

in it. So if you have a test and the test is out of a

hundred and you get ninety-three right you would

have 93% on that test. So percent simply refers to a

number that is out of a hundred. So it's basically a

fraction out of a hundred but instead of writing it over a

hundred we just put the percent sign after it. Then we have

what's called a ratio. So when I think about ratios I think

when I mix oil and gas for my smallest lawn mower I need to

mix oil and gas in a ratio of one to four. So I put one part

oil for every four parts gas and I mix that together and

that's how the engine runs. So when you have a ratio you're

talking about well you could say things like this. How many

men and women are at your workplace? And you could say oh

we have a ratio of one to one. For every man there's a woman

working at our workplace. Or you could say oh what's the

ratio of students to teachers? You could say well it's about

30 to one. For every 30 students there's one teacher in

the school. So that's ratio. And then similar to fractions

we have decimals. So if you have a fraction one over two or

a half we would call it. It is the same the decimal point five

or 0. 5. So notice in my part of the world we use the. In.

some parts of the world they use a comma as their decimal

point. But for me if I am going to write a decimal I would

write it this way. Um if you want to think of something like

pie which is three point one four one five nine two six

five. Can't I can't go any further. I used to be able to

go further. Uh there's a decimal point in pie. So three

one four one five nine two six five. Yeah there's something

something eight nine. Anyway so you guys can figure that out.

Not going to try and figure out pie to more than five or six

decibel places. Um and then we have what's called an exponent

or exponents. So if you see something like this in math.

Four to the power of two. The answer to this would be

sixteen. It simply means that four needs to be multiplied by

itself. So four to the four to the power of two when you have

the exponent two. It means that you to multiply it by itself

two times. Well once really. Four times four. I think you

know what I mean. We have something interesting in Canada

where we don't have pennies anymore. We don't have a one

cent coin in Canada. And so when you go to the store when

you pay it is always it's either they either need to

round up or they need to round down to figure out what you

owe. So if I go to the store and if I buy something and the

total is a dollar three. If she says that will be a dollar

three. Um the machine automatically charges me $1 5

because we need to round up because there's no pennies I

can't pay 3 cents I can't give her a $1 coin, and then three

pennies because we don't have pennies anymore so we round up

round up is when you take a number and you bring it to the

next highest number that makes the best cents for that

situation for us it would be to the next 5 cent points so 13

becomes $15 when you go to a store here and then a two this

is where I'm happy because I save a bit of money. A two

becomes a dollar at the store. So if I go to the store and I

buy some candy and the total is a dollar two I will be charged

a dollar because they will round down to one dollar. Then

we have something like average. So average is when you have a

numbers a few numbers in a row and you want to know what the

common average is between them. So let's say this. Let's say

one day I sold three bouquets. The next day I sold four

bouquets and the next day I sold two bouquets. If you

wanted to know what's the average number of bouquets you

sell per day you would do this. You would add three plus four

plus two and I put them in brackets so that I do the

addition first. And then I would divide that by the number

of days. So divided by three. So it equals three. So three

plus four plus two equals nine divided by three equals three.

So it means on average I sell about three bouquets per day.

Students are always interested in knowing what their average

is. They get grades for all the work they do in class and then

they like to add them together and then figure out the average

and that's their the grade they're getting for the whole

class. So average. Uh you'll notice I just use brackets.

Brackets are these little curved things that you put in

an equation in order to tell the person what things they

should do first. Now there is a strategy I think it's called

bedmass, brackets, exponents, division, multiplication,

addition, subtraction, there is an order that you're supposed

to do. But when you put brackets in you can indicate

what order you want the equation to be solved in

because if there were no brackets in this equation you

could solve it wrong if you didn't know what order to do

things in. Um because the average wouldn't it wouldn't

come out correctly. I'm talking about math too much I think.

Getting a foggy math braid right now. Anyways let's talk a

little bit about algebra. Uh let me check where I am and

then I'll pop into members only chat in a bit. Algebra. So at a

certain point in your math life you move beyond basic

arithmetic and you start to learn higher level math. In

schools in Canada students start learning algebra in about

grade six or seven. They get a small introduction to it. Uh

and they spend quite a bit of time in grade eight, nine and

10 doing algebra and practicing algebra. So that's when you

have things like this. You're given an equation. Three X plus

one equals seven. And then you to solve the equation. Now I've

left out a step here. I left out the step where I moved the

three to the other side and divide six by three. But you

can see here three X plus one equals seven that means three X

equals six because if I move the one across it becomes a

negative we get three X equals six and X equals 2. I might

have left out two steps when I was solving this equation. But

algebra is the the study of math where you have variables

like the letter X is a variable and Then you have equations

where you either are solving for the variable or you're

factoring or you're expanding. You're doing things with the

equation in order to figure out different things. Algebra's a

lot of fun. Hard word to say. Maybe. Algebra. Maybe not. We

also have geometry. Let me make this a bit bigger. Geometry is

an area of mathematics where you're studying shapes. So

you're studying circles and triangles and squares in

rectangles. You're learning about perimeter and area And

you're learning about diameter and radius and those kinds of

things. So geometry is the study of shapes. Um this was

also one of my favourite types of math. Geometry was a lot of

fun. And then I just mentioned the word variable. So in math

at a certain point when you start studying algebra you will

start to see variables. You'll see equations like minus seven

C equals 21. Then you'll have to solve that. Minus seven C

equals 21. That would mean C equals minus three I think.

Again don't quote me on this. I am not a math expert and I am

not a math teacher. But I do remember some math from my

life. So we saw some of this in the chat already. We have the

greater than sign. When you see something like this you would

say that this is true. Four is greater than three. The way

they taught me in elementary school the way to remember this

is that if you picture the greater than sign as a mouth

they always said to pretend it's an alligator the alligator

always wants to eat the bigger number that's how you know

which way to put the greater than sign and notice up here

it's than T H A N so that is a greater than sign four is

greater than three. I'm over pronouncing than right now.

When we say than really quickly it does sound like then. So I

would say Four is greater than three. If I say it fast I would

say four is greater than three. And it sounds a little bit like

then but it is then. And of course we have less than. So

three is less than four. Notice the alligator is trying to eat

the bigger number again. So again if you were to compare

numbers and if you wanted to write that you would say four

is greater than three. And three is less than four. So I

talked about this earlier a bit. One of the cool things

about the world and one of the negative things about the world

is that we have calculators. So calculators are handy little

devices that we use to solve math problems. Or to figure out

the answer to equations. I think maybe I'm old here but I

think kids use calculators way too much. I think that kids

should know how to do a lot of basic arithmetic in their heads

if not all of it. You should know your timestable up to 10

or 12. Like you should be able to do like 12 times one is

twelve. 12 times two is 2-four. Twelve times three is

thirty-six. 12 times four is 4-8. I gotta stop now. I think

the next answer is 60 though. But anyways a calculator is a

handy device that will help you do math. And you even have a

scientific calculator. I don't know all the details but we

would just call this a calculator and when it has this

many buttons when it has sign and cosign and tangent when it

lets you do exponents and square roots. We would call

this a scientific calculator. And then above that we would

have what you would call a graphic calculator. Generally

students don't buy a normal calculator for school. When

they get to some of the upper level math they need a

scientific calculator and when they get into the maths where

they need to do some graphing they will most likely get a

graphing calculator. So this is a cool calculator because not

only can you do math equations. You can actually have it graph

some of those equations for you. A long time ago there was

something called an abacus. When I was in grade one when I

was like six or seven years old there was an abacus in my

classroom that we could play with and our teacher taught us

how to use it. We didn't use it in math class but we used it of

as something we learned in history class. An abacus is a

way to do mathemat to do counting adding and subtracting

in other calculations. Um but I don't actually know how to use

one. But pretty cool little device that was used for

hundreds of years. Um when people needed to I bet you they

used it a lot when they were selling stuff to add big

numbers. Again I talked about a graph. A graph has an X and Y

axis. Um and it is used in two dimensions to graph something

like this. You can graph quadratic equations. You can

graph. Um if you have a line segment you can put it onto the

graph and you could kind of see the math. I won't go into too

many more details than that. But a graph is something that

when you get to higher level math you will start to do very

very complex graphs. And then I mentioned this earlier as well.

When you take a class I would simply call it a math class. I

wouldn't call it a mathematics class. That's that just sounds

really really formal. I would say I'm taking a math class at

university or I'm taking a math class at high school. Now you

might get specific and you might say I'm taking calculus

or I'm taking trigonometry or I'm taking advanced geometry.

Or you might be even more specific and say you know I'm

taking calculus two which is the second class. So a math

class this would be a general term to describe a class where

you learn about math. And then the teacher's called a math

teacher.