Let's Learn English! Topic: This Amazing World! 🏜️⛰️🌋 (Lesson Only)

56,707 views ・ 2023-03-26

Learn English with Bob the Canadian


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Well hello and welcome to this English lesson about this
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amazing world. I don't know about you but I think the world
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is amazing and in this lesson I'm going to talk about some of
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the amazing things. In some ways it'll be a little bit like
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a geography lesson. So if you like talking about lakes and
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cliffs and valleys. This will be a good lesson not only for
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you to learn English but also to learn a little bit about the
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natural world around us. So once again welcome to this
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English lesson about this amazing world. Waterfall. So I
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put this word first. A waterfall is when a river goes
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over the edge of a precipice. That's a big word eh? Or a
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cliff. So I put this one first because I live close to Niagara
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Falls. One of the largest waterfalls in the world. So a
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waterfall is beautiful to watch. When I go to Niagara
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Falls I can stand and watch the water fall for a long time. We
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would probably use words like mesmerizing. When you watch the
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water just continually flow over the edge and fall. When
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you watch the waterfall when you watch the water fall. Did
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you know you could use it together waterfall or separate?
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You watch the waterfall. Anyways it's pretty obvious
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why. It's called this a waterfall is simply a beautiful
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thing to see. If there's one near you I suggest you plan to
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go have a look at it sometime this month or in the future.
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Always a good experience when you go see a waterfall. Now a
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rapids when you see rapids it's not a waterfall but it's
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certainly water that's moving quickly and usually over rocks
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and other things. There might be some logs, some fallen
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trees, there's rocks and it creates what we call white
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water. So this is what I would call rapids when the water gets
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foamy like this I would call it white water. So rapids are
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found usually in mountainous areas or areas where the Water
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can flow very quickly either in a river or stream over and
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around rocks. One of the most popular things to do is to go
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kayaking. A lot of people will kayak down a river that has
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lots of rapids. So rapids would be much smaller than a
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waterfall. But certainly another form of flowing water.
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A canyon. So a canyon is typically an area where there
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are very steep sides and usually there's a river at the
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bottom but it might be dried up at certain times of year. Um
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but a canyon is just a beautiful place to go because
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it's very serene. That's how I would describe it. It's very
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serene. Uh it's very beautiful to see. In the United States
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there's a place called the Grand Canyon. I have never been
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there. But I would love to go and visit the Grand Canyon.
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There aren't very many canyons in my part of Canada. But if
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you go to the Western United States you'll be able to find
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something called the Grand Canyon. Fun place to visit I
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would assume. So you might be wondering what's a gorge. Let
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me say that word again. A gorge. A gorge to me is a
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smaller type of canyon. A gorge to me is something that you
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would find close to me there is actually a few gorges. It's
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another area where the sides are very very steep. And a
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gorge almost always has flowing water at the bottom of it.
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Usually fairly fast flowing water. So near me there are a
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few places where you can go see a gorge. There's Allora Gorge
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about two hours drive from here. Um again gorge. Kind of a
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funny word to say. But a place with very steep sides and
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flowing water at the bottom. A cliff. So a cliff is where the
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land ends and then goes almost straight down. As you can see
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here if you were to be afraid of heights like I am you
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wouldn't necessarily want to walk to the edge of a cliff. I
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would be afraid to stand at the edge of a cliff because I am
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afraid of heights. I don't like being in high places. But this
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is a great example of a very steep cliff. We often describe
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a cliff as being very steep. Because it's all Most vertical.
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Um definitely a little bit of a scary place to stand. Don't go
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stand by the edge of a cliff. So a simpler one here. A
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mountain. A mountain is simply a very very tall rocky I'm
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trying to think of another word. A tall rocky outcropping
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from the earth maybe. But all of us are aware that if you
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want to go to one of the highest natural naturally
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occurring places in your country you will want to find
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one of your country's mountains. I think in Canada
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the highest mountain is Mount Logan. I think it's up in the
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Yukon up north. Um we all are probably familiar with Mount
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Everest. That's another mountain that is very tall. And
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mountain are places where people are drawn to because
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they like some people like the challenge of trying to climb
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the mountain. They like mountain climbing. Now a hill
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is simply a very very small mountain. Am I allowed to say
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that? Is that how you would define it? Um a hill is
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something as simple as it might take you four or five steps to
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get to the top of a hill. It might take you a hundred or two
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hundred steps to get to the top of a hill. If a hill is more
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steps than that. At a certain point we would start to call it
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a mountain. Um and by the way a mountain doesn't have to just
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be made of rock in the earlier of the mountain. It will be
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hilly and there will be some grass and other things as well.
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Possibly trees. Uh but a hill I would say is any mound of dirt
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big enough that it would take you a few steps to get to the
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top or many many more. Um we have a hill behind our house
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and that's the hill that we use when we go sledding. Uh it's
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really nice to slide down that hill on a sled. So a valley a
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valley occurs between two hills or between two mountains. It's
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definitely bigger than a gorge. And it's definitely a little
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more green and habitable. Usually you can live in a
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valley. Not every valley. But when I use the word valley I'm
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thinking of something that looks a little more like this.
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You can see the mountains on each side. You can see that
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there's a road in the valley. So it's a low area between two
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higher areas. Sometimes the valley will wind a little bit
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and valleys are very very beautiful. We don't have many
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valleys near me. But I know there are countries like I
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think Switzerland and other places in the world where there
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are many many mountains and because of that there are many
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many valleys. Very very fun and enjoyable. To go to a valley
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and see the beautiful view. So a couple flat areas to talk
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about. Uh a plane is just a very flat area with almost no
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trees or no trees. In Western Canada there are plains. Um so
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it's just flat areas of land. And there are no hills. There
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are no mountains. There might be a few trees but usually not
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very many trees. It's just a big huge flat area. Um it's a
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little bit boring I've heard to drive across Saskatchewan the
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province of Saskatchewan because it's very flat and the
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roads are very straight and there's not a whole lot of
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variation. Um no hills, no mountains, barely any trees.
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And then we have what's called grassland. Grassland is similar
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to a plane. Uh except that it definitely has grass. So it's
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basically a plane that has a lot of grass. Grassland is
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often used for grazing cattle or sheep. Um there are parts
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North America where there is just a lot of plain and it's
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mostly grassland where they feed have cattle on pasture we
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would say. Beach. So this is a pretty simple one. You'll
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notice I've put some words in here that you probably know and
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I've put some words in here that maybe are new to you.
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Beach should be familiar for a couple of reasons. First of all
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it's a place by a lake or ocean or sea where usually there's
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lots of sand. Although we do beaches here where it's really
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really small rocks or pebbles as well. There's usually waves
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coming in and it's a beautiful place to go in the summer. I
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will say the word again beach. If you listen it's beach.
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Beach. So when you see you know the little insect called a bee.
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That's how it starts. Beach. You don't want to mispronounce
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this. Because if you let me let me give you an example. Right
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now I'm going to itch my shoulder here. If I say the
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word itch but I start with the letter B instead that's not a
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good word to say. And sometimes when people say beach they say
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it in a way where it rhymes with itch. Don't say that. It's
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not a very nice word or kind word. But a beach a place near
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the sea or a lake or ocean where there's sand or really
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small stones and waves and it's a fun place to go on a summer
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day. So coast we also say coastline is a more general
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term. A beach is on the coast. The coast refers to the place
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where water this hand is water. This is lead. Where water and
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land meet. So it can be a rocky coast like in the distance. It
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can be a beach like in the forefront here. But a coast or
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coastline. Sometimes we say coastline. Um is the place
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where again a lake. I'm not sure if I would use it for a
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lake. Let me think about that. When I go to the lake I go to
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the water's edge. I think coast is primarily when talking about
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a sea or ocean. And I'll talk about the difference between
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those two at the end. Um I'm clicking and one sec here. An
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iceberg. So in the world there are large chunks of ice or
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compacted snow mostly ice that float in the ocean. Um these
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come from either the North Pole or the South Pole or the
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northern part of the planet or southern part of the planet. I
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think there's icebergs in the south. But where there is a lot
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of accumulated ice. Definitely in the north. Occasionally that
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ice will fall into the ocean and it will float because ice
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floats actually that's one of the amazing things about our
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world when water freezes it floats when you put ice cubes
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in a cup they float icebergs float in the ocean they're very
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dangerous for ships because apparently there's more iceberg
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underneath the water than there is above the water but an
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iceberg is a big chunk of ice floating in the ocean if you
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know about the Titanic. The ship that sank many many years
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ago. Um it is because it hit an iceberg. Volcanoes. So a
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volcano is a place where lava from underneath the surface of
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the earth comes to the surface. There's a lot of pressure
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because of that molten lava. Lava is like melted rock. And
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when that pressure builds to a certain point the volcano will
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erupt. And the lava will shoot lava and ash and maybe water
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vapor or steam I'm not sure. But definitely lava will erupt
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from the top of the volcano and the lava will then flow down
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the side of the volcanoes. Um I would say a volcano looks like
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a mountain but it has the potential at the top where
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there is the I guess you would call it the crater. This is an
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a science lesson by the way. It has the potential to erupt. And
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there are two types of volcanoes. There are inactive
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volcanoes which haven't erupted for many years. And there are
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active volcanoes that erupt occasionally still today. The
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desert. So the desert is usually a place where there is
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a lot of sand. It's a place where it does not rain very
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often. And even though there is life in the desert. There's not
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a lot of life. There aren't a lot of plants. There aren't a
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lot of animals. And everything that lives in the desert has
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adapted to that environment. So again a desert is a place where
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it does not rain very often. Um it's a place that's very very
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hot during the day. Uh and usually there is a lot of sand.
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Now an oasis let me say that again. An oasis is a place
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where there is water in the middle of usually a desert. We
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use oasis to describe other things in life. Sometimes a
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restaurant will be called an oasis if they choose that for
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the name. Bob's oasis. That would be the name of my
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restaurant if I started it. But the full definition or real
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definition is a source of water in the desert which allows some
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trees and other vegetation to grow. So if you are ever lost
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in the deserts. You hope that you will eventually find an
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oasis or more importantly that you'll find civilization. So an
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oasis a place in the desert where maybe it's a lake or pond
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or maybe there's water a spring where water is coming up out of
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the ground. So glacier. By the way at the front here I think
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you might call that an iceberg. But at the back you have a
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glacier. So notice how I'm saying it glacier. I pronounce
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it with an SH sound glacier. A glacier can be found near the
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the North or South Pole but also in mountains. And it's
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just kind of a slow moving river of ice. That would be my
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best description. It's definitely a fast flowing river
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of water but it's a lot of ice or compacted snow by the way
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compact it means if you have this much snow and you squish
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it it's compacted snow so it's a river of ice or snow that
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slowly moves down the side of a mountain or just moves across
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the land. I've never seen a glacier but it would be fun. I
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think you can go on a cruise ship and see icebergs and
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glacier in the North Atlantic. Maybe someday I'll do that
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although Jen doesn't really like boats so we'll see. A
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cave. So a cave is a natural shelter or place in a rocky
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area. It can be in dirt as well but normally rock that you can
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go into. You can go into a cave. If you're lost somewhere
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and there are caves in the area. At night you could sleep
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in a cave. You could find a nice cave to sleep in. So it's
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a place where in the past for some reason the rock has moved
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to create an opening or maybe used to flow through and the
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water has created an opening in the rock. So a cave is a dark
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place underground where you could explore or you could even
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seek shelter if you were lost. A geyser. So I'm not sure if
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you know what a geyser is. But there are places in the world
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where water will shoot out of the ground. I think I tied that
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really really well. Um so for some reason there is water
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under the ground under pressure. It might even be hot
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water. Generally geysers are in the same places as hot springs
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which I'll talk about in a moment. Uh but a geyser is a
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place where every once in a while water will just shoot out
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of the ground. Um I think there are geysers in the western
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United States. I think one is called Old Faithful because it
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the geyser it it goes off like at the same time all the time.
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Again not a science lesson. Just a lesson for English
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learners with some pretty videos. Um and then a hot
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springs. So hot springs are places where water hot water
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naturally comes out of the ground. Um and sometimes it's
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the right temperature for people to enjoy. Sometimes it's
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too hot. But you probably know of a place in your country
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where there might be hot springs and then there might be
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a spa there or some other thing that you can visit. Um hot
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springs are pretty cool and definitely a fun source of
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heat. In fact I think the oldest business in the world is
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in Japan and it's at a hot springs. You'll have to look
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that up. Um but I think I saw a little video on that earlier
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this week. Uh a video about the most or the oldest Hot Springs
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are the oldest business in the world. Sorry I'm getting
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confused there. A bay. So a bay is a a body of water where
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there's kind of a curve to it. So it's a kind of a natural
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harbour. A harbour is a safe place for ships to go because
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it's protected. A bay is a place where like you can see
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here there's the land kind of curves around. A true bay would
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have land on three sides. Um but it could also just be an
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area where the land curves and you end up with part of a lake
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or the ocean that's a little bit protected the wind and the
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waves. So as you can see here in this picture there is a nice
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bay. It has a nice beach it looks like as well and it looks
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like people enjoy visiting here. So again a bay is any
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type of part of an ocean or sea or even lake where there's like
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a curved area along the shore to create a bay. A reef. So a
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reef is a formation below the water or above. Um kind of a
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rocky formation where animals can live and little plants can
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grow. Usually in ocean. I think the most famous reef is the
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Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia. Again do
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your research. This is I keep apologizing because I just keep
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spewing things off the top of my head as if they are facts.
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So anyways a reef is kind of an area in the ocean where there
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are rocks and coral. I should be more specific. It's made of
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coral. Um and it kind of looks like this. It's kind of cool to
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watch the fish swimming around. Um by the way I can watch fish
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swim for hours. It's very very enjoyable. A ravine. Now I
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should have put ravine with canyon and gorge. Sorry I
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should have had it earlier in the lesson. Uh a ravine is very
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similar to a gorge. In fact for me the two words mean the same
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thing. But I would probably say a gorge is deeper than a
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ravine. A ravine can be small or large. Um and it's basically
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an area like this. Steep sloping sides of rock or dirt.
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And then sometime water at the bottom. Although sometimes the
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water dries up. So there isn't always water at the bottom of a
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gorge or ravine. But typically a ravine would be a place like
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this. Let me say the word one more time for your
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pronunciation practice. A ravine. I fell in a ravine when
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I was a kid. I didn't actually fall. I rode my bike down the
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side. I hit my head. So ravines can be dangerous.
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So we have a forest and we have a jungle. Both of these are
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similar in the sense that a forest is a place where there
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are lots of trees growing naturally. There will be a lot
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of really old trees. A lot of younger trees. There will be
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what we call undergrowth. Things growing on the ground.
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Small plants. Small trees. Maybe grasses as well. Um but a
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forest is generally found in an area where it's not tropical.
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Let's just say that way. In my area there are a lot of
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forests. We sometimes call it the woods or we even say the
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bush. So a bush is a little plant but a bush can also be
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like a forest. Um but a jungle would be similar. It's a lot of
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trees growing naturally. But it's usually in a tropical
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area. So there's more vines and other types of plants that like
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a lot of rain and a lot of heat. So a forest and a jungle
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are places where simply you would see a lot of trees
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growing naturally. It's a lot of fun to go for a hike in the
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forest or in the jungle. It's nice to get out in nature.
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Although you should be careful when hiking in the forest or in
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a jungle. Uh Because there might be animals that are
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dangerous there. So be careful. Island. So I'm going to finish
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the lesson with a few really easy ones. I put the easy ones
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at the end. The ones you would probably know. An island is
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simply a a piece of land surrounded by water. It can be
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any size. This is a small island. I believe that even you
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would consider Japan an island. So it's a or it's a piece of
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land surrounded by water. If you're rich you can buy a
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private island. Um in the Caribbean there are many people
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who well many. There are people who own private islands. That
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means that they own the entire island. I do not own a private
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island. I will never own a private island. That is for the
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ultra wealthy in the world. A peninsula though. Let me say
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that again. Peninsula. A peninsula is an area where it's
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still can to a bigger land mass but it's surrounded by water on
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most sides except for one. So the simplest description would
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be a peninsula has water on three sides or a peninsula has
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water on most sides but it's still connected. So it's not an
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island. It's not completely surrounded by water. But it's
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surrounded by quite a bit of water. I actually live on a
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peninsula. I know this is going to kind of funny but I
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live in the Niagara Peninsula. I don't live near an ocean but
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I live near the Great Lakes. There is a lake to the south of
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me there is a lake to the north of me. Lake Erie is to the
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south of me. Lake Ontario is to the north of me and to the east
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of me there is a river. So it's not a true peninsula but it
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it's called the Niagara Peninsula. A creek sometimes
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called a stream or a brook. We have many names for small small
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tiny tiny rivers. Okay. If I saw this I would call it a
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25:16
stream. It's a general term for a small amount of flowing
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25:21
water. I think a brook is smaller than a creek. Um brooks
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by the way babble. A babbling brook. But a creek would be
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anything like this. A place where there is a little bit of
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water flowing. It's not very deep. If it was a small you
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25:37
could probably walk through it and just your feet would get
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25:40
wet. A creek you might get wet up to your knees. Um but a
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25:44
creek is just a place where there's a small amount of
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flowing water. There's a creek down the hill behind my house.
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And there's a river by my house. Oh did you know that?
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You've seen the river. But I should someday make a little
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video down by the creek. There's also a creek behind my
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house. So a river then is one of the most common forms of a
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flowing water. Rivers take are in every country of the world.
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I live on a river. Um we use the word river instead of
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stream when it becomes much deeper and much wider. So I
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don't know exactly when you decide to call something a
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river instead of a creek. But generally if the water is up to
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your waist and it would take you a little bit of time to
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swim across. We would probably call it a river. So a large
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flowing amount of water. And then a lake. Now this maybe
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isn't the best video to show this because I think there's a
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river at the end. But a lake is simply a large body of fresh
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water. So a couple things I just said there. We often talk
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about water and use the word body. A body of water. So a
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lake is a body of water. Um an ocean is a body of water. A
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lake is usually though made of fresh water. There's no salt or
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the salt contact content is very low. In Canada we have
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many fresh water lakes. Um and so the water is drinkable. It
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should go through a water treatment plant. But a lake
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would be a large body of fresh water. A sea then is usually a
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large body of water near land. So it's usually off the coast.
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We have things like the Mediterranean Sea. Um it can be
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salt water. It might be a mixture of the two right? When
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you have a sea it might have a lot of fresh water rivers
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flowing into it. Um but lot of times people ask what's the
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difference between the sea and the ocean. So it's simply size
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and how close it is to land. Or how it was named. That's really
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what it comes down to. So a sea is usually located close to
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land relatively. Um and then we use ocean to describe our
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bigger bodies of water. The Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific
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Ocean and those kinds of things. So body of water. Not
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sure why we use the word body but we do.
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