Though, although, even though, however, despite, in spite of | Contrast Words + USEFUL VOCABULARY

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hey there, and welcome.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
In this video, Iโ€™m going to teach you how to use linking words of contrast โ€“ though,
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:08
although, even though, however, despite and in spite of.
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.
00:13
There are examples to help you understand, and I have also included some useful vocabulary
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์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:19
words and phrases.
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00:21
So, make sure to watch the full lesson.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
00:25
Alright, letโ€™s begin.
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์ข‹์•„, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
00:33
As I said in the introduction, the words we are discussing in this lesson, โ€œalthoughโ€,
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์„œ๋ก ์—์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค, "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜",
00:38
โ€œhoweverโ€, โ€œdespiteโ€ etc. are used to express contrast, that is, to show how
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜", "์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ " ๋“ฑ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:44
two ideas are opposite to each other.
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00:47
Letโ€™s take a simple example: โ€œI invited Maya to my wedding.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ ๋‚ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์— Maya๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
She didnโ€™t come.โ€
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.โ€
00:53
Here, we have two sentences.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
The first sentence gives us an expectation.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
I have a friend or a colleague named Maya.
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Maya๋ผ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
When I say, โ€œI invited Maya to my wedding,โ€ what do you expect?
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"๋‚ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์— Maya๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:06
You expect that she must have come to the wedding.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์— ์™”์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:09
But then, I say, โ€œShe didnโ€™t come.โ€
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” โ€œ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
So, this result is surprising or unexpected.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋†€๋ž๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
The idea in the second sentence is opposite to the idea in the first sentence.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
We call that contrast; to express this contrast clearly, we can do this: โ€œI invited Maya
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ€๋น„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” Maya๋ฅผ
01:28
to my wedding, but she didnโ€™t come.โ€
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๋‚ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:30
The word โ€œbutโ€ is the simplest contrast word.
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Itโ€™s very easy.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์š”.
01:35
Instead of โ€œbut,โ€ we have some other options, like โ€œalthough.โ€
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"ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ" ๋Œ€์‹  " ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
โ€œAlthough I invited Maya to my wedding, she didnโ€™t come.โ€
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"๋งˆ์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค."
01:44
Notice here that โ€œalthoughโ€ is used to set up the expectation.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "๋น„๋ก"์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„
01:48
Itโ€™s added to the sentence that gives us the expectation.
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์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋ง๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:53
The advantage with โ€œalthoughโ€ is that you can rearrange the parts of the sentence.
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โ€œalthoughโ€์˜ ์žฅ์ ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
So, you can say: โ€œMaya didnโ€™t come to my wedding although I invited her.โ€
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋งˆ์•ผ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์•ผ๋Š” ๋‚ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์— ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Here, the result is presented first, and the expectation comes second; this adds focus
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:09
to that expectation, but it means the same thing.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "but"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ๋Š”
02:12
You cannot do this sort of rearranging with the word โ€œbutโ€, so โ€œalthoughโ€ gives
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์žฌ์ •๋ ฌ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ "although"๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์—ดํ•˜๋Š”
02:16
you a little more flexibility in how you can arrange your sentences.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:21
So, what about โ€œthoughโ€ and โ€œeven thoughโ€?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด '๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„'์™€ '๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„'๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
02:24
Well, they mean the same thing as โ€œalthoughโ€; โ€œalthoughโ€ is the base word.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๋น„๋ก"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ"์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
โ€œThoughโ€ is a shortened form; we drop the letters โ€œalโ€ to make โ€œthoughโ€.
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โ€œThoughโ€๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "al"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค "though"๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
Since itโ€™s a shortened form, โ€œthoughโ€ is informal โ€“ we use it more in speech than
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "though"๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:41
in writing.
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02:42
โ€œEven thoughโ€ is a stronger form of โ€œalthoughโ€; it adds emphasis to what youโ€™re saying.
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"๋น„๋ก"์€ "๋น„๋ก"์˜ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
โ€œEven though I invited Maya to my wedding, she didnโ€™t comeโ€.
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"๋งˆ์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค."
02:52
That shows you that Iโ€™m disappointed.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
This next sentence shows Iโ€™m really disappointed: โ€œMaya didnโ€™t come to my wedding even though
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์‹ค๋งํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œMaya๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋‚ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์— ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:59
I invited her.โ€
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.โ€
03:00
So, remember that โ€œalthoughโ€ is the base word, โ€œthoughโ€ is informal, and โ€œeven
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "although"๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ณ  "though"๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋ฉฐ "even
03:07
thoughโ€ is stronger and adds emphasis.
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even"์€ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:10
But all three of these words mean the same thing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์„ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Letโ€™s talk about โ€œhoweverโ€ now.
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์ด์ œ "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:15
It has the same meaning as โ€œbut.โ€
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"ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
For example, I can say, โ€œI invited Maya to my wedding.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, โ€œ ๋‚ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์— Maya๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
However, she did not attend it.โ€
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
03:25
This sentence is similar to the previous examples, but notice that Iโ€™ve said โ€œdid notโ€
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์•ž์˜ ์˜ˆ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, "didn't"๋ผ๋Š”
03:31
instead of the short form โ€œdidnโ€™tโ€.
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์งง์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— "did not"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:32
Also, Iโ€™ve used the more formal word โ€œattend.โ€
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๋˜ํ•œ "์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Thatโ€™s because โ€œhoweverโ€ is a formal word.
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:39
In fact, in this wedding situation, โ€œhoweverโ€ is not a good fit, because in spoken language,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ โ€œ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜โ€๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
03:45
we donโ€™t often use โ€œhoweverโ€:, itโ€™s more common in writing.
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โ€œ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜โ€๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์„œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
So, letโ€™s look at an example of written language using โ€œhoweverโ€.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์–ด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
To understand the example, you will need four vocabulary items: The first is โ€œepidemicโ€.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ดํœ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ "์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
This means a situation where a disease spreads rapidly (that is, fast), and infects a large
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ(์ฆ‰, ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ) ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:07
number of people.
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04:09
Some examples are โ€œa cholera epidemicโ€, โ€œa flu epidemicโ€, โ€œa typhoid epidemicโ€,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด "์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘", "๋…๊ฐ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘", "์žฅํ‹ฐํ‘ธ์Šค ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘"
04:15
etc.
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๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
The second word is โ€œoutbreakโ€.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” "๋ฐœ์ƒ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
This refers to the sudden start of a disease.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
In our example, the outbreak of the epidemic.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
Next is โ€œsuccumbโ€.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ "์Šน๋ฆฌ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
The โ€œbโ€ at the end is silent โ€“ so itโ€™s pronounced โ€œsuccumb.โ€
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๋์— ์žˆ๋Š” "b"๋Š” ๋ฌด์Œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "succumb"๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
This is a formal, more academic word which means to die from a disease.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ข€ ๋” ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:35
So, if a person succumbs to a particular disease, then they die because of that disease.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํŠน์ • ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
And finally, the last item is โ€œto contain an outbreak, disease, or epidemicโ€.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ " ๋ฐœ์ƒ, ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
This simply means to stop a disease from spreading.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Usually, this is done by government health agencies.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:55
Once they have stopped the spread of a disease, they will announce that it has been contained.
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์ผ๋‹จ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
So, hereโ€™s our sentence now: โ€œThere are reports that 10 more people have succumbed
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— 10๋ช…์ด ๋” ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:05
to the epidemic this week.
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05:07
However, the government continues to insist that the outbreak has been contained.โ€
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์ด ์–ต์ œ๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
So, there are reports, meaning that the media, the press, is saying that 10 more people have
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— 10๋ช…์ด ๋”
05:18
succumbed to the epidemic, that is 10 more people, have died from the disease this week.
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ , ์ฆ‰ 10 ๋ช…์ด ๋” ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
So, this is an ongoing epidemic.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
It says 10 MORE people, so thatโ€™s in addition to the people who died previously.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 10๋ช…์ด ๋” ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ „์— ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Now the second sentence presents a contrasting idea.
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:36
However, the government continues to insist, that is, the government still says strongly,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
05:41
that the outbreak has been contained.
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๋ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
Government officials are saying that they have stopped the spread of the disease.
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์ •๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
So, the writer is claiming here that maybe the government is not telling the truth.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:52
Theyโ€™re trying to cover up, to hide the fact, that the disease is still spreading.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
So, you can see that โ€œhoweverโ€ has a much more formal feel around it.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๋А๋‚Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Of course, we can also use our old friend, โ€œbutโ€: notice that the word โ€œbutโ€
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
06:07
has taken the place of โ€œhoweverโ€ here.
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:09
Or although: โ€œAlthough there are reports that 10 more people have succumbed to the
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๋˜๋Š” "์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— 10๋ช…์ด ๋” ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:14
epidemic this week, the government continues to insist that the outbreak has been contained.โ€
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:20
If we want to indicate a strong contrast, we can use โ€œeven thoughโ€ instead of โ€œalthough.โ€
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๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด "~์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ " ๋Œ€์‹  "~์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
Now, looking at these sentences, itโ€™s clear to me that โ€œhoweverโ€ is the best choice
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ โ€œ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜โ€๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:31
here.
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.
06:32
Can you say why?
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:33
{Can you say why?}
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{์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?}
06:34
Well, โ€œbutโ€ and โ€œalthoughโ€ combine two sentences into a single sentence.
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์Œ, "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ"๊ณผ "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ"์€ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
In this case, that results in a huge sentence that you have to read from start to finish
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ๊ณ 
06:45
and keep all that information in your mind.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
But, the word โ€œhoweverโ€ is not a conjunction; itโ€™s an adverb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
It doesnโ€™t combine two sentences.
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๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Notice in the example with โ€œhoweverโ€, we have one sentence first.
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๋จผ์ € ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
Then thereโ€™s a period or full stop.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
The reader can stop, take a breath, digest that information and then move on to the next
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๋…์ž๋Š” ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์†Œํ™”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:06
sentence.
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07:07
That next sentence starts neatly with โ€œhoweverโ€, so the reader knows theyโ€™re going to find
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๋กœ ๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋…์ž๋Š”
07:13
the opposite idea to the first one.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
So, โ€œhoweverโ€ is part of the second sentence.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
Being part of a sentence means that โ€œhoweverโ€ is very flexible.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
You can put it in the middle like this: โ€œThe government, however, continues to insist that
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
07:29
the outbreak has been containedโ€.
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๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
07:31
Note the two commas that separate โ€œhoweverโ€ from the rest of the sentence.
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‰ผํ‘œ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
07:35
It can also come at the end, โ€œThe government continues to insist that the outbreak has
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— "์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:40
been contained, however.โ€
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. "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
These placements are all perfectly acceptable.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
You cannot do this with โ€œbutโ€ or โ€œalthoughโ€.
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜"๋‚˜ "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ"์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
Alright, letโ€™s turn now to the last topic: โ€œdespiteโ€ and โ€œin spite ofโ€.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ "์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ "์™€ "์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ "๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
Before I tell you how these are used, just know that they both mean the same thing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”.
07:58
โ€œDespiteโ€ is the same as โ€œin spite ofโ€, so you can use them interchangeably, meaning
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"์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ "๋Š” "์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ "์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
08:03
that you can choose whichever one you want to use.
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์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:07
Letโ€™s take an example to understand these words: โ€œSilvio made up his mind to buy the
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์ด ๋ง์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ž : โ€œ์‹ค๋น„์˜ค๋Š”
08:13
expensive house even though his wife objected to it.โ€
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์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์‹ผ ์ง‘์„ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค .โ€
08:18
โ€œObjectedโ€ means that she said โ€œno, donโ€™t buy that house, itโ€™s too expensiveโ€
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"๋ฐ˜๋Œ€"๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ "์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ ์ง‘์€ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์‹ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:22
but did Silvio listen?
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Silvio๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:24
No, he really liked it, so he made up his mind (that is, he made the decision) to buy
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง‘์„ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘์„ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ (์ฆ‰, ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค) ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„
08:29
the house, and he wasnโ€™t going to change that decision.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:33
Now, to me, the second clause โ€œeven though his wife objected to itโ€ sounds a little
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” " ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ
08:39
long.
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๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
I want to shorten it.
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๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
So, Iโ€™m going to write it like this: โ€œSilvio made up his mind to buy the expensive house
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์‹ค๋น„์˜ค๋Š” ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์‹ผ ์ง‘์„ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:46
despite his wifeโ€™s objections.โ€
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.โ€
08:48
Now, whatโ€™s the difference between the two sentences?
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
08:52
Notice that after โ€œeven thoughโ€ (or โ€œalthoughโ€), we have a complete sentence โ€“ โ€œhis wife
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"์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด"(๋˜๋Š” "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ") ๋’ค์—๋Š” "๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€
08:58
objected to itโ€ (this is a full sentence with a subject and a verb).
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"( ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค)๋ผ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
We call that an independent clause, but that just means itโ€™s a complete sentence.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
But, after โ€œdespiteโ€, we just have โ€œhis wifeโ€™s objectionsโ€ โ€“ the main word here
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ " ๋’ค์—๋Š” "๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€"๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
09:13
is โ€œobjectionsโ€, a noun.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ "๋ฐ˜๋Œ€"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
โ€œhis wifeโ€™s objectionsโ€ is a noun phrase, that is, the main word is a noun and the other
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โ€œ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€โ€๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ฃผ์š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
09:21
words โ€œhisโ€ and โ€œwifeโ€™sโ€ are just giving us information about the noun.
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๋‹จ์–ด โ€œ๊ทธ์˜โ€์™€ โ€œ์•„๋‚ด์˜โ€๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
So, the rule is, after โ€œthoughโ€, โ€œalthoughโ€, or โ€œeven thoughโ€, you have to put a full
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทœ์น™์€ "~ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ", "~์ด์ง€๋งŒ" ๋˜๋Š” "~์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ " ๋’ค์— ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:32
sentence.
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.
09:33
But after โ€œdespiteโ€ or โ€œin spite ofโ€, you have to have either a noun phrase or an
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ "despite" ๋˜๋Š” "in even of" ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š”
09:38
-ing verb (thatโ€™s another option).
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-ing ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ต์…˜์ž„).
09:41
Like this: โ€œCarmela took a job in Mexico City despite having little knowledge of Spanish.โ€
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"Carmela๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์‹œํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:46
โ€œhaving little knowledge of Spanishโ€ is a verb phrase with an -ing verb: having.
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"have little knowledge of Spanish"๋Š” -ing ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
Of course, in both sentences, you can use โ€œin spite ofโ€ in the place of โ€œdespiteโ€:
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ "์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ " ๋Œ€์‹  "์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ "๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
09:57
โ€œin spite of his wifeโ€™s objectionsโ€ or โ€œin spite of having little knowledge
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"์•„๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ " ๋˜๋Š” "์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
10:01
of Spanishโ€, and the meaning would be the same.
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", ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
10:04
With โ€œdespiteโ€ and โ€œin spite ofโ€, you can rearrange the clauses: โ€œDespite
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"despite"์™€ "inthought of"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ "
10:09
his wifeโ€™s objections, Silvio made up his mind to buy the expensive house.โ€
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๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  Silvio๋Š” ๊ฐ’๋น„์‹ผ ์ง‘์„ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:14
โ€œDespite having little knowledge of Spanish, Carmela took a job in Mexico City.โ€
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"์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  Carmela๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์‹œํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:19
These are perfectly acceptable.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
So, remember that if you want to use a word of contrast with a noun phrase or with an
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š”
10:25
-ing verb phrase, then you use โ€œdespiteโ€ or โ€œin spite ofโ€.
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-ing ๋™์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด โ€œdespiteโ€ ๋˜๋Š” โ€œinthought ofโ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
With โ€œalthoughโ€ or โ€œeven thoughโ€, you have to put a full sentence after them.
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"although" ๋˜๋Š” "even even"์€ ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Alright, now, weโ€™re going to take all this knowledge and apply it to some more situations.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
Weโ€™ll take some examples, and weโ€™ll go through them one by one; you will also learn
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ
10:46
some useful vocabulary.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
Alright I've got a Microsoft Word document open here and we're going to discuss six examples.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— Microsoft Word ๋ฌธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
Now I will make this document available for you to download through a link in the description
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์ด์ œ ์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
11:00
so after you watch this lesson make sure to go and get this document and you can review
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•œ ํ›„ ์ด ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์—ฌ
11:06
it in your own time.
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
Alright here's the first situation: John's parents wanted him to be a doctor.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. John์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” John์ด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
John had his mind set on making it big as a pop singer.
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John์€ ํŒ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:17
Now, before we talk about how to connect these two sentences using words of contrast, let's
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์ด์ œ ๋Œ€์กฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
11:22
take a look at a couple of vocabulary items that you will need for this.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ดํœ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:27
To have one's mind set on something means to be determined to do or to have something
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have one's mind set on something์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ
11:34
and to make it big means to become very successful.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
So here in this second sentence over here, John had his mind set on making it big as
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ John์€ ํŒ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
11:44
a pop singer means that John was determined to become a successful pop singer.
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John์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ํŒ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
Alright now I want you to stop the video and think about how you would connect these two
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:56
sentences using but though although even though however and in spite of and despite.
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.
12:04
Stop the video, write out your sentences then play the video and continue.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:11
Alright let's look at the answers.
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์ข‹์•„, ๋‹ต์„ ๋ณด์ž.
12:13
But is quite easy: John's parents wanted him to be a doctor but he had his mind set on
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. John์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š”
12:20
making it big as a pop singer.
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ํŒ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
I'm sure you got that one right.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งž๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
With though although and even though we have a couple of options: the first is to do this:
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Although his parents wanted him to be a doctor John had his mind set on making it big as
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ John์€ ํŒ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:36
a pop singer.
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.
12:37
So you say although and then the first clause the expectation and then you follow that up
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„๋ก์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 
12:43
with the second clause the result.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
Now here I want to share with you a common error that many people make.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
Many people write the first clause correctly with although but then they add a but and
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ but์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ
12:57
then present the result.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
Tou can't do that; you can only use one of them you can use although or you can use but
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:04
but not both in the same sentence so I'm just going to strike that one out.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
Remember that the second option is to reverse the order of the clauses so I have the result
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ต์…˜์€ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
13:17
first here and then although and then the clause that has the expectation, that's also
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ ˆ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
13:23
fine.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
Now obviously instead of although in both of these options you can write though or even
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด ๋‘ ์˜ต์…˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋น„๋ก ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋น„๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:31
though and that would also be correct.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
However is also quite straightforward: John's parents wanted him to be a doctor.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. John์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
However, he had his mind set on making it big as a pop singer.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํŒ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
You probably wrote it like this but there is a better option.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
You remember I told you that you can place however at different points in a sentence?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:58
So here's how I wrote it: John's parents wanted him to be a doctor.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. John์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
He, however, had his mind set on making it big as a pop singer.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํŒ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค .
14:07
I really like this placement of however because it nicely highlights the contrast between
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
14:13
what John's parents want and what he wants so I really like writing it this way.
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John์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
Now with in spite of and despite we have a problem here because we don't have a noun
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์ด์ œ ~์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ~์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
phrase or an -ing verb phrase in the original sentence so you have to write it like this:
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์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ -ing ๋™์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
Despite the fact that his parents wanted him to be a doctor John had his mind set on making
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์˜์‚ฌ John์€
14:40
it big as a pop singer so despite the fact that allows you it's a phrase and this phrase
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ํŒ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
14:48
allows you to write the first clause as it is as a full sentence so in this way it's
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
just like although so if I scroll up here you see here we've said although his parents
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„๋กœ ์Šคํฌ๋กคํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€
15:02
wanted him to be a doctor so although plus a full sentence and here we've got the exact
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋”ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
15:07
same form despite the fact that and then a full sentence so you will see this form a
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•์‹์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์–‘์‹์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
15:13
lot especially in writing with despite the fact that.
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.
15:18
You can also say in spite of the fact that and that would mean the same thing.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
And just like with although you can reverse the order of the clauses and that is also
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ˆ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
15:27
correct now out of all the options that we have here my favorite for this particular
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ต์…˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:34
situation is this one over here I'm going to give it a star and I'm going to highlight
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”
15:39
it because I feel that out of all of these sentences this one does a very good job of
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
highlighting the contrast so this is my pick even though all of the others are also grammatically
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ
15:51
correct.
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
Alright let's move on to example number two here's the situation the cheetah is the fastest
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์ž, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ
15:59
land animal on Earth that's on the one hand on the other hand the cheetah can only run
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์œก์ง€ ๋™๋ฌผ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์น˜ํƒ€๋Š”
16:05
at top speed for about 30 seconds stop the video write out your sentences and then check
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์•ฝ 30์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
16:16
alright the sentence with but is very easy first clause but and then the second clause
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์ ˆ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์€
16:23
now in this situation though this doesn't give us enough contrast so what you can do
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ even if
16:28
is use although or even though although the cheetah is the fastest land animal on earth
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the cheetah is the fast land animal on on ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š”
16:35
it can only run at top speed for about 30 seconds sounds like something you might hear
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์•ฝ 30์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด์…”๋„ ์ง€์˜ค๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์—์„œ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
16:39
on National Geographic now you can also reverse the order of the clauses but when I read it
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์ ˆ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
16:45
I felt that even though worked the best if you reverse the order which is why I've put
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์ €๋Š” ๋น„๋ก ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋А๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
16:51
even though here but there's nothing wrong if you want to use although when writing with
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„๋ก์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ
16:58
however I wanted to point this out in the first example as well remember to write the
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์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ณ 
17:03
first clause and then put a period or a full stop and end that sentence and then start
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ per๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. iod ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ค‘์ง€ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ 
17:09
the next sentence with however using a capital H now however also works nicely in this sentence
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๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž H๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
17:17
because this is sort of a formal academic context and however fits in there very well
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ๋งž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
with in spite of and despite its really interesting because these words work very well here here's
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—
17:30
how I wrote them despite being the fastest land animal on earth the cheetah can only
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์œก์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜ํƒ€๋Š”
17:36
run at top speed for 30 seconds notice that I've said despite being so what I've done
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์ตœ๊ณ  ์†๋„๋กœ 30 ์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์€
17:42
is I've taken the main verb the cheetah is the fastest land animal so is is a form of
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์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ the cheetah is the fast land animal so is๋Š”
17:51
the verb be I've made being by adding ing to that verb and I've said despite being fastest
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be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ing๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ be๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ
17:58
land animal on earth always remember that this is an option you can say despite or in
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์œก์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ต์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:04
spite of that's also correct plus an -ing verb again you can reverse the order of the
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-ing ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ
18:10
clauses and put the clause with despite after the first clause now out of all these options
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๋’ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ต์…˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ
18:17
my picks are as follows I like this one with although or even though however is also something
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์ œ ์„ ํƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. althou์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ gh ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
18:26
that works well here as I said and despite plus the ing form so these three are all equally
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ing ํ˜•์‹์„ ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ
18:34
good you can use any one of them and they work well alright let's go on to example number
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
three now here's the situation a simple one I've looked for my glasses everywhere I can't
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:47
find my glasses go ahead and write the sentences alright just by looking at these you should
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์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
18:55
be able to tell that this is an informal conversational situation and the best option is the simple
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ
19:02
word but in fact I'm gonna star it right away I've looked for my glasses everywhere but
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๋‹จ์–ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
19:08
I can't find them it's simple and it works perfectly now I will show you the others but
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์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
19:15
I'm not going to read them out I'm going to make some comments though if you're going
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์ฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. out if you'll be done if you're going to
19:21
to use though although or even though the word though works best because it's more informal
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use though or even even the word though๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™”์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
19:27
and conversational but these two however and despite and in spite of they sound very unnatural
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ
19:34
so I'm actually going to strike them out they are grammatically correct but we would never
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๋ฏ€๋กœ I'm m ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์ง„ t ์•ผ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž๊ธดํ•œ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€
19:40
say these in conversation so you don't want to go and talk like this even these two sentences
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๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๋ง ์•ˆํ• ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๋ง ํ•˜๊ธฐ์‹ซ์–ด ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„
19:47
sound somewhat unnatural but they're not too bad so I'm going to leave them as is but like
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์–ด์ฉ์ง€ ๋ถ€์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธด ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€์•Š์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋†”๋‘˜๊ฒŒ
19:53
I said for this type of conversational situation but is the best option all right we go on
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:00
to example number four now here's the situation you will need some vocabulary for this but
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์˜ˆ 4๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด
20:07
I will go over that in a moment there is a proliferation of mobile phones tablets and
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
20:13
e-readers research shows that sales of print books are actually on the rise the word proliferation
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e-readers ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ธ์‡„๋œ ์ฑ…์˜ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜
20:22
means a great increase in the number or amount of something so there is a proliferation of
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์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™” ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์€
20:29
mobile phones means that there has been a great increase in the use of these devices
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜
20:38
the phrase on the rise also means increasing but this is an adjective so research shows
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์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
20:44
that sales of print books are actually on the rise so the contrast here is there's a
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์ธ์‡„ ์ฑ…์˜ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
20:49
proliferation of these devices so you expect that nobody reads print or paper books anymore
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ธ์‡„๋ณธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ข…์ด์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
20:56
that's on the one hand on the other hand unexpectedly research shows that people are buying print
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์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์š”์ฆ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์‡„๋ณธ์„ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:02
books more and more these days alright write out the sentences and then check all right
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
21:11
you notice that I don't have the option of the word but listed here that's because I
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜์—ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
21:16
felt it doesn't really work well in this sort of academic context but you can use although
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋А๊ผˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
21:22
or even though you know the form already by now so I'm not going to read it out although
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:28
and then the first clause which gives us the expectation and in the second clause which
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ
21:32
gives us a result with however again you know the form first clause period or full-stop
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ
21:41
and then the second clause beginning with however but I actually have a problem with
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์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:45
this here because notice this first clause there is a proliferation of mobile phones
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์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐํ•ญ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ
21:52
tablets and e-readers it sounds like we're announcing this to the reader as if they don't
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ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ๊ณผ e-๋ฆฌ๋”๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋…์ž๊ฐ€
21:57
know this information already so this doesn't sound very professional and I'm going to strike
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์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. nd I'm going to take
22:02
it out I wouldn't use this the words in spite of and despite work very well the focus of
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it out I would not use this the word of even and even work very well
22:11
this first clause which gives us the expectation is the noun proliferation remember that after
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:17
despite or in spite of you can't put a noun phrase so here's how I wrote it despite the
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
22:23
proliferation of mobile phones tablets and e-readers research shows that sales of print
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ๊ณผ e-๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ธ์‡„๋ณธ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€
22:30
books are on the rise this is okay this is good but we can make this sound better by
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์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:38
removing this bit over here that research shows and we can put that right at the beginning
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ
22:48
research shows that despite the proliferation of mobile phones tablets and e-readers sales
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™” ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ๊ณผ e-๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
22:56
of print books are actually on the rise that sounds pretty good you can also reverse the
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์ธ์‡„๋œ ์ฑ…์˜ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:01
order of the clauses but I've told you that I like this one a lot and I'm going to star
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์กฐํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๊ณ  ๋ณ„ํ‘œ ํ‘œ์‹œ
23:09
and highlight it like that this to me is the best option here ok onward to example number
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ 5๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋งŽ์€
23:17
5 here's the situation there have been a slew of recent accidents in the factory the management
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€
23:24
has yet to introduce any new safety measures the expression a slew of means a large number
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์•„์ง ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ˆ์ „ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œํ˜„ a slew of๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
23:31
or amount of something we use it with nouns like accidents or problems a slew of accidents
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. slew ofaccidents ๋งŽ์€
23:37
a slew of problems those are a couple of negative uses but you can also use this expression
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๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์šฉ๋„์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„
23:42
positively for example there's a new phone out packed with a slew of features means it
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๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ƒˆ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
23:48
has a lot of features or I might say my latest YouTube video got a slew of positive comments
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ ์ตœ์‹  YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
23:55
of course you can also say negative comments but that hasn't been the case for me so far
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:00
knock on wood alright so the contrast here is there have been a lot of accidents in the
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:06
factory still the management has yet to introduce meaning the management has not yet introduced
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์•„์ง ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด ์•„์ง ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด
24:14
any new safety measures to protect the workers alright write out the sentences ok the forms
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๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ˆ์ „ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์•„์ง ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด ok
24:23
of but although and however you know very well by now so I'm not going to belabor them
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์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:29
you can stop the video and you can read them if you want although I'm sure you got all
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:33
of them correct where I want to focus is in spite of and despite notice once again that
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
24:41
in the original sentence the focus is the noun slew so you can use despite or in spite
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์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ดˆ์ ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์Šฌ๋ฃจ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์•Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:49
of you can do this despite a slew of recent accidents in factory the management has yet
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๊ณต์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€ ์•„์ง
24:56
to introduce any new safety measures now I want to show you another form that you will
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ˆ์ „ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:02
often see with despite that's this there have been a slew of recent accidents in the factory
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:09
despite this the management has yet to introduce any safety measures this is a nice way of
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€ ์•„์ง ์•ˆ์ „ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
25:16
expressing a strong contrast notice that in this use despite is acting very much like
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๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—์„œ even์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
25:23
however despite this the management refuses to introduce safety measures you can also
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์ด๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:30
say in spite of this it means the same thing and this is actually my pick for this situation
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
25:39
alright let's move on now to the final example example number six there's a lot of vocabulary
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ์ œ 6๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:44
to discuss here many young people have dreams of being successful entrepreneurs an entrepreneur
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์–ดํœ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€
25:52
is a person who starts his or her own business few are prepared for the long hours the long
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๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธด
26:00
hours means that as a business person you might have to work not just nine-to-five but
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ 9์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
26:06
beyond that as well for many hours every day the financial uncertainty uncertainty means
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๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์ผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:13
you can't be sure so one month your business might generate a profit another month it might
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ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ์—
26:19
incur a loss so few are prepared for the long hours the financial uncertainty and the myriad
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์†์‹ค์„ ์ž…์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ •์  ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ
26:27
unforeseen challenges the word myriad means a great number of something it's just like
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์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋„์ „ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:35
the phrase that we looked at previously a slew of so myriad is a great number unforeseen
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ a slew of so myriad is a great number ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก
26:41
means not expected or predicted the myriad unforeseen challenges are the many unexpected
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ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋„์ „์€
26:49
challenges that are part and parcel of the self-employed lifestyle self-employed means
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์ž์˜์—… ๋ผ์ดํ”„์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด์ž ์†Œํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ž์˜์—…์€
26:56
you work for yourself as a business person and part and parcel means included in something
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž์‹  ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์™€
27:02
cannot be separated from something so all of these challenges are part and parcel of
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๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์ „์€
27:07
being a businessperson and few young people are actually prepared for all of these challenges
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์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์ „์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์ Š์€์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:13
that is the contrast alright stop the video write out your answers then play the video
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๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์žฌ์ƒ
27:18
and continue alright using but is easy here as with the other examples just the first
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
27:30
clause but and the second clause pretty easy with although and even though this example
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์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ๋Š”
27:37
is a little different from the ones we've looked at previously because if you read these
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์ด์ „์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด
27:42
two sentences over here you'll notice that we cannot say that one is an expectation and
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๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ์ด๊ณ 
27:51
the other is an unexpected result these two are just opposites so you can actually add
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด ๋‘˜์€ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:57
although or even though to either one you can put although here or you can put although
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๋น„๋ก ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:02
over here like this so you see here we've said although many people have dreams of being
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
28:10
successful entrepreneurs few are prepared for the long hours of financial uncertainty
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์žฌ์ •์  ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ
28:16
and all the other challenges but you can also do this many young people have dreams of being
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๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์ „์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
28:23
successful entrepreneurs although few are prepared for the long hours etc. both of these
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d ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค
28:30
are okay with however again you have a couple of options you either put the first clause
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€ ๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์„
28:40
as a sentence on its own end it with a period and start the second clause with however or
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
28:46
you can say many young people have dreams of being successful entrepreneurs few however
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
28:52
are prepared for all the challenges this is also fine and this actually highlights the
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์ „์— ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:58
contrast nicely now if you tried to write these two sentences with in spite of or despite
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ~์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜๋Š” ~์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
29:07
then you may have run into trouble because there isn't a clear noun phrase or an -ing
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ -ing
29:12
verb here so you would have had to say despite the fact that and then a certain clause and
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:20
that would have made the whole thing look quite unwieldy and very long and awkward so
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29:25
for that reason I have not included in spite of and despite here I suggest that with long
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:30
large sentences like this you avoid the use of those expressions and use something simple
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธธ๊ณ  ํฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:38
like however in fact I'm going to star and highlight this because I think this is simple
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จ
29:43
and captures the spirit of the sentence very well so this is my pick alright I hope you
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:49
enjoyed this lesson and learned a lot from it as always happy learning and I will see
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:54
you in another lesson soon.
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๊ณง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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