Adjective Clauses: More Uses of Relative Pronouns in English (WHICH, WHOM)

18,303 views ・ 2018-01-18

English with Jennifer


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:10
Hey there. It’s Jennifer here on a winter day in Massachusetts.
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이봐. λ§€μ‚¬μΆ”μ„ΈμΈ μ˜ μ–΄λŠ κ²¨μšΈλ‚  μ œλ‹ˆνΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
New England can be hot in the summer and brutally cold in the winter, but I like the climate.
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λ‰΄μž‰κΈ€λžœλ“œλŠ” 여름에 λ₯κ³  κ²¨μšΈμ— μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ μΆ₯μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” κΈ°ν›„κ°€ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
I enjoy seeing nature change, which means I really like having four seasons.
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λ‚˜λŠ” μžμ—°μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 즉, μ‚¬κ³„μ ˆμ΄ μžˆλŠ” 것을 정말 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
In the past, I worked in a number of places, one of which was the Bahamas.
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κ³Όκ±°μ—λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ κ³³μ—μ„œ μΌν–ˆλŠ”λ° κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ°”ν•˜λ§ˆμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
I remember how I wrote to a friend and asked her to send pictures of spring in Pennsylvania.
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μΉœκ΅¬μ—κ²Œ νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό μ¨μ„œ νŽœμ‹€λ² λ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ λ΄„ 사진을 보내달라고 λΆ€νƒν–ˆλ˜ 일이 κΈ°μ–΅λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
I missed the many different flowers, all of which make spring so special.
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봄을 νŠΉλ³„ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 꽃듀이 κ·Έλ¦¬μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
The tropical islands were beautiful, but I missed the weather back home.
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μ—΄λŒ€ 섬은 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μ› μ§€λ§Œ μ§‘μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λŠ” 날씨가 κ·Έλ¦¬μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Did you ever travel far from home?
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μ§‘μ—μ„œ 멀리 μ—¬ν–‰ν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? 더
00:58
The farther you travel, the more different life can be, which makes it hard to stay away from home for very long.
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멀리 μ—¬ν–‰ν• μˆ˜λ‘ 삢은 더 λ‹€μ–‘ν•΄μ§ˆ 수 있으며, 이둜 인해 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ§‘μ—μ„œ λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆκΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
I’ve just given you a couple examples of how we can use WHICH to refer back to a whole idea and not just a single head noun. Look closer.
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WHICHλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 단일 머리 λͺ…사가 μ•„λ‹Œ 전체 아이디어λ₯Ό μ°Έμ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό 방금 μ œκ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μžμ„Ένžˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄.
01:36
Notice the position of the relative pronoun WHICH.
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κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사 WHICH의 μœ„μΉ˜μ— μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
01:42
It’s the first word of the adjective clause, but it refers back to the whole idea presented in the main clause.
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ν˜•μš©μ‚¬μ ˆμ˜ 첫 번째 λ‹¨μ–΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ μ£Όμ ˆμ— μ œμ‹œλœ 전체 아이디어λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μ°Έμ‘°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
Here is one more example:
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여기에 ν•œ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ 더 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
But use of a relative pronoun allows us to combine the two ideas and show the close connection between them.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 관계 λŒ€λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ 두 κ°œλ…μ„ κ²°ν•©ν•˜κ³  이듀 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ κΈ΄λ°€ν•œ 연결을 보여쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
Let me challenge you with this variation:
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이 λ³€ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ 도전해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Note that this is something you'd likely see in writing.
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이것은 μ„œλ©΄μœΌλ‘œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
In conversation, we'd probably break up this long idea into more sentences.
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λŒ€ν™”μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 이 κΈ΄ 생각을 더 λ§Žμ€ λ¬Έμž₯으둜 λ‚˜λˆŒ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
In conversation, I might say:
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λŒ€ν™”μ—μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€:
03:07
So we could rewrite "in which case" as "which means if that's true, then..."
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "μ–΄λ–€ κ²½μš°μ—"λ₯Ό "이것은 그것이 사싀이라면, κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄..."
03:16
And we can use "which" as a relative pronoun to refer back to the whole idea or the whole fact presented in the main clause.
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으둜 λ‹€μ‹œ μ“Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 "μ–΄λ–€"을 관계 λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 전체 아이디어 λ˜λŠ” 전체λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μ°Έμ‘°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 본문에 μ œμ‹œλœ 사싀.
03:29
At the beginning of this lesson, I also gave you examples of WHICH with quantifiers.
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이 μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ μ‹œμž‘ λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ μˆ˜λŸ‰μ‚¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ WHICH의 μ˜ˆλ„ μ œκ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
Quantifiers answer the question "how much?" or "how many?"
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μˆ˜λŸ‰μ‚¬λŠ” "μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜?"λΌλŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜λŠ” "μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜?"
03:48
In other words, I worked in a number of place. One of those places was the Bahamas.
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즉, λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ κ³³μ—μ„œ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ μž₯μ†Œ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λ°”ν•˜λ§ˆμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
In other words, I missed the many different flowers. All of those flowers make spring so special.
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즉, λ‚˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 꽃을 놓쳀닀. κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  꽃듀이 봄을 νŠΉλ³„ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
So these constructions with quantifiers allow us to refer back to a head noun and quantify it.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μˆ˜λŸ‰μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡬ성을 톡해 머리 λͺ…사λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μ°Έμ‘°ν•˜κ³  μˆ˜λŸ‰ν™”ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
We can talk about one member of a group, some members of a group, or we can refer to all the members of a group.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그룹의 ν•œ ꡬ성원, 그룹의 일뢀 ꡬ성원에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 그룹의 λͺ¨λ“  ꡬ성원을 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
And if it's a whole, we can talk about all of it, much of it, some of it, none of it.
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그리고 λ§Œμ•½ 그것이 전체라면, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ μ „λΆ€, κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„, κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 일뢀에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
We can create similar patterns with the relative pronoun WHOM to refer to all or some people.
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κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사 WHOM으둜 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 전체 λ˜λŠ” 일뢀 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 지칭할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
Note that this kind of construction with a quantifier and WHOM sounds rather formal.
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μˆ˜λŸ‰μ‚¬μ™€ WHOM을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ ꡬ성은 λ‹€μ†Œ ν˜•μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λ“€λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
You'll see it more in writing. In everyday spoken English, I'd probably use shorter sentences.
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μ„œλ©΄μœΌλ‘œ 더 많이 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 일상 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 더 짧은 λ¬Έμž₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
Here are a couple of sentences you can complete for practice. I’ll offer corrections as time allows, but you can also help one another. Okay?
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λ‹€μŒμ€ μ—°μŠ΅μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ™„μ„±ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ‡ 개의 λ¬Έμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹œκ°„μ΄ ν—ˆλ½ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λ‘œ μˆ˜μ • 사항을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ² μ§€λ§Œ μ„œλ‘œ λ„μšΈ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
05:49
That’s all for now. I hope you found this lesson useful.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 κ°•μ˜κ°€ 도움이 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
If you enjoy studying grammar with me and you're excited about the next grammar lesson, please remember to like this video.
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저와 ν•¨κ»˜ 문법 곡뢀λ₯Ό 즐기고 λ‹€μŒ 문법 μˆ˜μ—…μ΄ κΈ°λŒ€λœλ‹€λ©΄ 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. μ‹œμ²­
05:59
Thanks for watching and happy studies!
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ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 즐거운 κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜μ„Έμš”!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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