Using English Prepositions - Lesson 9: Concise Sentences - Part 2

15,339 views ใƒป 2015-12-17

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
I love to drink apple cider during the winter holidays.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šธ ๋ฐฉํ•™ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:04
But which of these two glasses would be easier to pick up?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋‘ ์ž” ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฌ์šธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:10
The one on the left. Don't you agree?
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์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:14
Why?
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์™œ?
00:16
Because the other one is too full.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฝ‰ ์ฐผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
There's just too much, so it's not easy to handle.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
Here's something else I love about the December holidays.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 12์›” ์—ฐํœด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
Candy canes!
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์‚ฌํƒ• ์ง€ํŒก์ด!
00:30
I like to put them on the tree.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
00:33
Now which picture shows a better decorating job?
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์žฅ์‹ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:39
I hope you agree. It's this one on the right.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Do you know why?
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:45
Because less is more -
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์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:48
whether we're talking about candy canes on a tree
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌํƒ•
00:52
or prepositions in a sentence,
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์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
00:55
sometimes you can have too much of something.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Understanding how prepositions work in a sentence
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด
01:24
helps you build clear, concise sentences.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
"Concise" means using few words.
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"๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
The idea is not to use words you don't really need.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Otherwise, it becomes confusing for your listener or your reader.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Here are three tips on being concise.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Look at this example.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:06
Could we change this adjective clause
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์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”
02:09
to a prepositional phrase?
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?
02:14
Sure. Let's use IN.
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ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”. IN์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ž.
02:26
How about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:32
If we remove these two words,
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์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด
02:35
What one preposition can we use?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์™€
02:42
With.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜.
02:52
Here's the second tip.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
Let's consider phrases with OF.
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OF๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
OF can show possession.
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OF๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
So "the role of the host" could be "the host's role."
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์—ญํ• "์€ "ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์—ญํ• "์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
How about this one?
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
03:25
What would you do to shorten this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:33
Let's remove a number of words
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐ
03:35
and just use the gerund "kissing."
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ํ•˜๊ณ  "ํ‚ค์Šค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
Now we can make "New Year's Eve" a modifier.
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์ด์ œ "์ƒˆํ•ด ์ „์•ผ"๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
It can describe tradition, so...
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ...
04:00
Some prepositional phrases of time can be shortened.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
For example:
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์˜ˆ:
04:13
We made "New Year's Eve" a modifier.
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"์ƒˆํ•ด ์ „์•ผ"๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
"At the present time" can be replaced with single words.
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"ํ˜„์žฌ"๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
And instead of "at all times"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "ํ•ญ์ƒ" ๋Œ€์‹ 
04:34
we can simply say "always."
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"ํ•ญ์ƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
When possible, use noun modifiers and avoid prepositional phrases.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:03
Single word adverbs are also a good alternative
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š”
05:07
to longer prepositional phrases.
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๊ธด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
For example:
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์˜ˆ:
05:31
Third tip.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŒ.
05:33
Too much of anything is no good, so...
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๋ญ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ...
05:41
Having two together is okay.
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๋‘˜์ด์„œ ๋จน์–ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„.
05:44
Three may be possible,
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜
05:46
but that's already getting wordy.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฏธ ์žฅํ™ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
So try to avoid using too many prepositions,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก
05:53
and in general use words that are clear and necessary.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:59
Look at these examples.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:08
That's not too bad, but there are alternatives.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
06:15
You could say:
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ 
06:34
First of all, we have three uses of IN.
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, IN์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Then we have OF two times
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ OF์™€ ON์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:43
as well as ON.
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. ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—
06:45
Having two or more of the same preposition
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
06:49
in a sentence can really sound wordy.
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์žฅํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
How would you rewrite this snetence to make it more concise?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:03
Here are two suggestions.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œ์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
Let's try an exercise.
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์šด๋™์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
07:28
I'll show you a wordy sentence.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์žฅํ™ฉํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
You think of a way to make it more concise.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
In this exercise, I'll show you five sentences.
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์ด ์—ฐ์Šต์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Again, you need to rewrite each one to make it more concise.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
(More than one answer is possible.)
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(ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
08:01
(Tip: Use a more active verb than BE.)
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(ํŒ: BE๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.)
08:07
My suggestion:
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์ œ ์ œ์•ˆ:
08:35
Instead we could say:
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๋Œ€์‹  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
09:09
How about this?
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How about this?
09:30
(Tip: Use "email" as an active verb.)
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(ํŒ: ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ "์ด๋ฉ”์ผ"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.)
09:40
We might shorten that to:
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
(Tip: Make an adjective for food "without nuts.")
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(ํŒ: "without nuts"๋ผ๋Š” ์Œ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.)
10:07
A more concise sentence would be:
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
That's all for now. Thanks for watching.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
Enjoy the holidays and all the celebrations.
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ํœด์ผ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ถ•ํ•˜ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:26
Happy studies!
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ณต๋ถ€!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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