Word Order with Prepositions - English Grammar with JenniferESL

17,824 views ใƒป 2022-01-13

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi everyone. I'm Jennifer from Englishย  with Jennifer. Do you like adventure?ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:07
Have you had some adventures in your life? I'mย  talking about the kinds of experiences thatย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚˜๋Š”
00:13
allow you to break from the usualย  routine, place you in new environments,ย ย 
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์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜
00:18
and introduce you to new challenges. Quick story.ย  After I graduated from college, I took another fewย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์ „์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ. ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ํ›„
00:26
months to complete my teacher training. By then, Iย  was feeling a little burned out, so I took a breakย ย 
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๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋•Œ์ฏค ์ €๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์นœ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ด ๋ 
00:32
from academia to figure out my next step, whichย  eventually would be graduate school. Between myย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํœด์‹ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:38
undergraduate and graduate work, I had a coupleย  of adventures in the cruise line industry.
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ํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณผ์ • ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ €๋Š” ์œ ๋žŒ์„  ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
Let me tell you a bit more about the work I did,ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
00:49
and I'll help you develop a strongerย  sense of word order with prepositions.ย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์–ด์ˆœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
We're going to complete a series of tasksย  that will check and build your understanding.
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์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Task A. Can you identify all the prepositions?
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์ž‘์—… A. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:13
One. The first ship sailed to the Bahamas.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ๋กœ ํ•ญํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Two. I worked as a youth counselor.
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๋‘˜. ์ €๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์ƒ๋‹ด์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
Three. We had a staff of a dozen counselors or so.
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์‚ผ. 12๋ช… ์ •๋„์˜ ์นด์šด์…€๋Ÿฌ ์ง์›์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Four. Long hours on my feetย  were hard, but the work was fun.
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๋„ท. ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Five. I was also a costume character, and Iย  silently greeted passengers behind my mask.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ. ๋‚˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฝ”์ŠคํŠฌ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„ ์“ด ์ฑ„ ์Šน๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Here are the prepositions.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
And here are their objects.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
Together they form prepositional phrases, andย  they can function like adverbs or adjectives.ย ย 
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
These prepositional phrases modify nouns.ย  They're descriptive like adjectives.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„œ์ˆ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
These prepositional phrases modify verbs,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹
02:31
and they give information such asย  direction and manner, just like adverbs.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
Very often you'll see a prepositional phraseย  towards the end of a clause or a sentence.ย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
That's because two very common sentenceย  patterns are subject + verb + adverbial
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์ฃผ์–ด + ๋™์‚ฌ + ๋ถ€์‚ฌ
02:54
and subject + verb + object + adverbial.
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๋ฐ ์ฃผ์–ด + ๋™์‚ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด + ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
But prepositional phrases can have otherย  positions. A sentence can start with an adverbial.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
We might have a prepositionalย  phrase as part of the subject.
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์ฃผ์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
And prepositional phrasesย  can function as complements.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณด์–ด ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Task B. Where would you placeย  the prepositional phrases?
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์ž‘์—… B. ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
03:43
Place comes before time, so I can say, "Iย  got to relax on the beach in my free time.
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์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
This prepositional phrase marks the time, andย  I can place it in an initial or final position.ย ย 
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04:09
Within a couple of months, I got a nice dark tan.ย  I got a nice dark tan within a couple of months.
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ง™์€ ํ™ฉ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰. ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์•ˆ์— ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ง™์€ ํ™ฉ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
If a place or time marker is important, I mayย  choose that initial position to emphasize it.
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์žฅ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
A general guideline is that a prepositionalย  phrase closely follows the word it modifies.ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง€์นจ์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์— ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. . ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์—์„œ
04:40
And remember not to separate a transitive verbย  from the direct object. Place a prepositionalย ย 
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ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
04:47
phrase after the object. So I'll say, "Iย  made friends from different countries."
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋’ค์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "I made friend from different countries."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Remember to keep prepositional phrasesย  close to the words they modify.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
When did I leave? I left that job after severalย  months. Where did I go? I traveled to Russia.ย ย 
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์–ธ์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€์–ด? ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€์–ด . ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ”์ง€? ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์— ๊ฐ”์–ด.
05:30
Where did I volunteer? In an orphanage.
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์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ง€? ๊ณ ์•„์›์—์„œ.
05:37
I left that job after several months because Iย  wanted to travel to Russia and volunteer in anย ย 
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€์–ด. ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ณ ์•„์›์—์„œ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด
05:43
orphanage. Or I can take the time marker and putย  it in the initial position: After several months,ย ย 
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. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํƒ€์ž„ ๋งˆ์ปค๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ  ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„์น˜: ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๋กœ
05:50
I left that job because I wanted to travelย  to Russia and volunteer in an orphanage.
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์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์•„์›์—์„œ ์ž์› ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:09
I told you we usually state place before time.ย  We also tend to place manner before time.ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
Manner, place, time or duration.
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๋ฐฉ์‹, ์žฅ์†Œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„.
06:22
O'll relive those memoriesย  with a smile for many years.
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O๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—
06:28
Remember we can have a few differentย  prepositional phrases in a sentence,ย ย 
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜
06:32
but especially when you're writing, look forย  opportunities to be concise. Often a prepositionalย ย 
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”. ์ข…์ข…
06:39
phrase can be replaced. For example: For manyย  years, I'll happily relive those memories.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Okay. Let's talk about a so-calledย  rule that often gets broken.ย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ž์ฃผ ์œ„๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ์œ„ ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
We form a prepositional phrase with a prepositionย  and an object. Right? With passengers. On a ship.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์Šน๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜. ๋ฐฐ ์œ„์—์„œ.
07:07
With whatever you want.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ.
07:11
On it.
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๊ทธ ์œ„์—.
07:14
But there are times when we separateย  the preposition from its object,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์—์„œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:19
and it sounds completely natural. Youย  likely already do this in questions.ย ย 
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
Nobody asks, "To whom do you wish toย  speak?" It's grammatically correct,ย ย 
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
07:32
but it's very formal. In everyday English,ย  we ask, "Who do you want to talk to?"
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๋งž์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” "๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
When we form a question in everyday English, weย  start with a question word, and a prepositionย ย 
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์ผ์ƒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ์˜๋ฌธ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
07:46
will stick close to the verb. What areย  you looking at? What do you need that for?
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๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:57
This is one reason why it's helpful toย  learn collocations. Collocations are commonย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Collocation์€
08:03
combinations of words, like "look at something." "Need something for something."
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'look at something'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด ์กฐํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด."
08:14
I go over many collocations inย  my playlist on prepositions.
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
We also separate a preposition fromย  its object in an adjective clause.ย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์™€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
It's grammatically correct to use aย  preposition before a relative pronoun,ย ย 
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
08:31
but it's only done in formalย  English, mainly in writing.
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๋งž์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด, ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
The ship on which I sailed cateredย  to families with young children.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํƒ”๋˜ ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
The ship I sailed on catered toย  families with young children.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํƒ”๋˜ ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
Can you make this sentence soundย  more like everyday English?ย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ผ์ƒ ์˜์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?
08:58
The other crew members with whom I became friendsย  were from North America, Asia, and Europe.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Šน๋ฌด์›์€ ๋ถ๋ฏธ, ์•„์‹œ์•„, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
The other crew members I became friends with wereย  from North America, Asia, and Europe. Notice howย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Šน๋ฌด์›์€ ๋ถ๋ฏธ, ์•„์‹œ์•„, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
I also chose to omit the relative pronoun becauseย  it's an object pronoun in an identifying clause.ย ย 
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹๋ณ„์ ˆ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
You can see my playlist on adjective clausesย  to review how to use a relative pronoun.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋‚ด ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
So, sometimes separating aย  preposition from its objectย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:39
is a matter of choice and a matterย  of register: formal or informal.
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์„ ํƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ž ๋“ฑ๋ก์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋“  ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ด๋“ .
09:46
With passive verbs, this kind of separationย  is simply the way we word a sentence.ย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
We start with the subject, and aย  preposition will stick close to the verb.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋ถ™์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
Some plans are only talkedย  about, but never realized.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๋ง๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
What's the subject? Some plans.ย  And the verb? Are talked about.
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณ„ํš. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ? ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Changing from active to passive,ย  we can make an object the subject.
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๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
But we can't lose the preposition.ย  The preposition will stick close toย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š”
10:28
the verb: are talked about. Anotherย  collocation. Talk about something.
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๋™์‚ฌ: are speaking about์— ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ์—ด. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:37
The subject of the passiveย  sentence still receives the action,ย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ
10:41
so the relationship with theย  preposition is still clear.ย ย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
If you need to review passive voice,ย  watch my lesson on active vs. passive.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์™€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:54
Try this next short task.ย  Make the sentences passive.ย ย 
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์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ์งง์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:58
Change the verbs in bold from active to passive.
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๊ตต๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์Šน๊ฐ์ด ํƒ‘์Šนํ•˜๊ธฐ
11:24
The cruise was paid for beforeย  the passengers came on board.
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์ „์— ์œ ๋žŒ์„  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ
11:32
The crystal blue waters of theย  Bahamas are talked about quite a lot.
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์˜ ๋ง‘๊ณ  ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
By the way, some sources have a name forย  when the preposition is separated fromย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , ์ผ๋ถ€ ์†Œ์Šค์—๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ๋•Œ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:45
its object. I first learned the term "strandedย  preposition." There's also "deferred preposition."ย ย 
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. ์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์— "์ขŒ์ดˆ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ"๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "์ง€์—ฐ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ"๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
Recently, a viewer asked me about a "danglingย  preposition." So there's a third name. So,ย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ•œ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๊ฐ€ '๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
11:59
we can have stranded, deferred, and danglingย  prepositions in questions, adjective clauses,ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ,
12:07
passive structures, and you'll also see theย  separation in a couple of other situations.
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์ˆ˜๋™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ์ขŒ์ดˆ, ์œ ์˜ˆ ๋ฐ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
I can say, "It was too bright to lookย  at the white sand on a sunny day.ย ย 
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" ๋ง‘์€ ๋‚ ์— ํ•˜์–€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฐ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
Or I can move "white sand"ย  to the front of the sentenceย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” "ํ•˜์–€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜"๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋งจ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
12:24
and look what happens. The white sandย  was too bright to look at on a sunny day.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”์ฐฝํ•œ ๋‚ .
12:34
I used fronting to emphasize sand, and as aย  result, I have a stranded preposition: at.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ฉด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ at์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
In that example, I'm also using an infinitive:ย ย 
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ:
12:48
to look at. When we use infinitives and gerunds,ย  we may end up with a stranded preposition.ย ย 
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to look at๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ขŒ์ดˆ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ.
12:55
Listen now. Listen for two moreย  examples of stranded prepositions.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋“ค์œผ์„ธ์š”. ์ขŒ์ดˆ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:02
Once a passenger chatted withย  me about my future. She was anย ย 
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ํ•œ ์Šน๊ฐ์ด ์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
13:06
older woman who had more life experience,ย  and she wondered why I was sailing on a shipย ย 
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์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
when I could be pursuing my original passion:ย  education. Her words were worth reflecting on.ย ย 
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๋‚ด ๋ณธ์—ฐ์˜ ์—ด์ •์ธ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ง์€ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
She gave me something to think about. That'sย  when I decided to apply to graduate school.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์— ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
Her words were worth reflecting on.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ง์€ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
She gave me something to think about.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
Let's look at more examples to review all theย  patterns. Quickly spot the stranded preposition.ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š” . t๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ขŒ์ดˆ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ.
13:44
The second ship I worked on was much smaller.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
The job I was hired for was very different.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•œ ์ง์—…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค.
13:58
My work as a gift shop purser wasย  something I had never prepared for.
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์„ ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ผ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
My free evenings were what I waited for allย  day. I was allowed to dance in the ballroom.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ €๋… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋„ํšŒ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
The men I danced with were polite and charming.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถค์„ ์ถ˜ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์˜๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
During the day, I went to theย  upper deck of the steamboat.ย ย 
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๋‚ฎ์—๋Š” ์ฆ๊ธฐ์„ ์˜ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐํฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฐ•์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š”
14:26
Towns I had only heard of passed before my eyesย  as we sailed up and down the Mississippi River.
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๋งˆ์„๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด ๋ˆˆ์•ž์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:41
What cities did we stop in? New Orleans,ย  Natchez, Vicksburg, Memphis, St. Louis.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋„์‹œ์— ๋“ค๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์Šค, ๋‚˜์ฒด์ฆˆ, ๋น…์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ, ๋ฉคํ”ผ์Šค, ์„ธ์ธํŠธ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค.
14:52
New Orleans is a city worth going back to.
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๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์Šค๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
Note in number eight "go back" is a phrasalย  verb. Sometimes phrasal verbs combine withย ย 
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8๋ฒˆ์˜ "go back"์€ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:04
a prepositional phrase. "To" is a strandedย  preposition. Go back where? To New Orleans.
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. 'To'๋Š” ์ขŒ์ดˆ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€? ๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์Šค๋กœ.
15:13
Adventure isn't something to long for. Seek it.
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๋ชจํ—˜์€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
15:20
Name a goal you want to work towards.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜
15:26
Has your understanding of wordย  order with prepositions grown?ย ย 
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์–ด์ˆœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
15:30
I hope so. One tip is to read. Readingย  exposes you to grammatical structures,ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์€ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉฐ
15:36
and seeing them written givesย  you the chance to process them.ย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
Fiction is a good choice because you get a mixย  of literary language and everyday dialogue. We'llย ย 
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์†Œ์„ค์€ ๋ฌธํ•™์  ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข‹์€ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
end here. Please like the video if you found theย  lesson useful. I hope you have some adventures,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ
15:53
and I look forward to having a few more of my own.ย  As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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๋‚˜๋„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
16:02
Follow me on Facebook, Twitter, andย  Instagram. Why not join me on Patreon?ย ย 
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Facebook, Twitter, Instagram์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š” . Patreon์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:07
And don't forget to subscribe on YouTube!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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