Subjunctive: What's a Mood in English Grammar?

20,666 views ใƒป 2022-02-03

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi everyone. I'm Jennifer from English withย  Jennifer. When we study a new language,ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์™€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๋•Œ
00:06
one challenge is acquiring vocabulary. We wantย  to learn new words, but we struggle to rememberย ย 
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ์€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:13
old ones. English can seem crazyย  at times because a single wordย ย 
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. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
00:18
can have different meanings. Take "sweet," forย  example. "Sweet" can refer to a sugary taste,ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•จ'์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” . 'Sweet'์€
00:25
like milk chocolate candy. "Sweet" can alsoย  describe someone who is kind. They have a sweet,ย ย 
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๋ฐ€ํฌ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ์บ”๋””์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ ๋ง›์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'Sweet'์€ ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•˜๊ณ 
00:32
gentle nature. And in American English, "sweet"ย  can also mean, "Nice! That's good." Or "Wow!ย ย 
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๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ 'sweet'์€ 'Nice! That's good'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” "์™€์šฐ!
00:41
That's impressive." This is an informal meaning.ย  It's something we'd use in casual conversation.ย ย 
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋„ค์š”." ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
For example, if a friend got a new job, andย  it pays well, she has lots of vacation time,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ์ง์žฅ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋„ ์ข‹๊ณ  ํœด๊ฐ€๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ 
00:56
and the company gives employees free tickets toย  professional sports events, my response: "Sweet!"
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ง์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ”„๋กœ ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ž…์žฅ๊ถŒ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ "๋ฉ‹์ง€๋„ค์š”!"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Now think of the word "mood." We often useย  this word to refer to how someone feels.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ "๊ธฐ๋ถ„"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
We can be in a good mood or a bad mood. Ifย  someone's mood constantly changes, we can callย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:19
them moody or say they have mood swings. Well, inย  grammar "mood" refers to the speaker's attitudeย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์—์„œ '๊ธฐ๋ถ„'์€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™”์ž์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:28
toward what is being said. Not all sources agreeย  on what the moods are, but generally speaking,ย ย 
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. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ถœ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•ด์„œ
01:35
we can ask what kinds of sentences do weย  use? What's the purpose of our communication?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:43
We speak to state facts or truths.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ง„์ˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
When we use the indicative mood, we're certainย  about what we're saying. I make videos.
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์ง์„ค๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
01:56
We also ask questions. Both our sentenceย  structure and our intonation can changeย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์–ต์–‘์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
02:01
when we use the interrogative mood. What kindย  of videos do you make? Are they educational?
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์˜๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ต์œก์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:11
We use questions to seek answers and confirmation,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€๊ณผ ํ™•์ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
02:15
but we can also use questions to make requests,ย  as in, "Can you turn the volume down?"ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "๋ณผ๋ฅจ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์š”์ฒญ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
An alternative is to issue a command. We do thatย  with the imperative mood. Turn the volume down.
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๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ นํ˜• ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:33
Sometimes we express that one eventย  is dependent on another. That's whenย ย 
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ์ข…์†๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋•Œ
02:38
we use the conditional mood. If you join me onย  Patreon, you'll get more interaction and support.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Patreon์—์„œ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
And then there's the subjunctiveย  mood. Subjunctive verb formsย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”
02:52
let us express wishes and possibilities.ย  I wish you were all YouTube members.
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์†Œ์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ YouTube ํšŒ์›์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
The conditional mood can help us expressย  hypothetical outcomes, and we often useย ย 
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:06
the modal verbs "could" and "would." I could playย  the piano better if I practiced more. I would playย ย 
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ โ€‹โ€‹'could'์™€ 'would'๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๋” ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š”
03:15
better with more practice. So, the second exampleย  doesn't use "if," but it's an implied conditional.ย ย 
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 'if'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์•”์‹œ๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
In my understanding, two moods can be presentย  together in the same sentence, for example,ย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ดํ•ด๋กœ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(์˜ˆ:
03:29
a complex sentence. If I were less busy, Iย  would play the piano for one or two hours a day.ย ย 
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ). ๋œ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ํ•œ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์ณค์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
So, we see the subjunctive in the first clause,ย  the "if" clause. I'm expressing a wish. And theย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์ธ 'if' ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋žจ์„ ํ‘œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:45
main clause has the conditional mood; theย  outcome is dependent on some condition.ย ย 
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์ฃผ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
We may not use the subjunctiveย  in every conversation,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„
03:56
but it's important that everyone gain someย  familiarity with subjunctive verb formsย ย 
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:01
because you will encounter them, so let'sย  start our lesson on the subjunctive.
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด
04:14
You've likely used the subjunctive inย  unreal conditionals about the present orย ย 
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์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:19
future. We use the subjunctiveย  form "were" for all subjects.
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• 'were'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
If I were you, I'd stop worrying.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
If she were here, she'd be laughing.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์›ƒ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
04:35
If he weren't so cautious, he'd take more risks.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
You can use my playlist on conditionals toย  study these kinds of sentences with "if."
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋‚ด ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ '๋งŒ์•ฝ'์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
The subjunctive "were" is also used in wishes. Iย  wish you were here. If only it weren't raining.
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• "were"๋Š” ์†Œ์›์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด.
05:03
When used this way, the past form ofย  "were" is sometimes called the pastย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ, "were"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
05:07
subjunctive. But the subjunctive isn't usedย  consistently in American English. It tendsย ย 
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
to be used more in formal English, so you'll hearย  people use "was" even in hypothetical situations.ย ย 
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๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด 'was'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
She talked to us as if she was the onlyย  one who knew the truth, but we all knew.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์•„๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Here "as if" calls for the subjunctive becauseย  this is counterfactual, but not all speakersย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ "๋งˆ์น˜ ๋งˆ์น˜"๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™”์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด
05:38
will follow the pattern. They'll say "asย  if she was" rather than "as if she were."
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ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ' ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ '๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด
05:46
I have an exclusive video on Patreon, by theย  way, that goes over the uses of "as if" andย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ , Patreon์— '~ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ'๊ณผ
05:52
"as though." It's one of the many perks youย  get when you join my membership program.ย ย 
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'~์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ'์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋…์  ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‹ญ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜œํƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Let me ask you something about the kind of personย  you are. Do you try to influence others? Do youย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:06
feel that you have some control over what othersย  do? Do you want to have that kind of influence?ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:14
Well, the subjunctive allows us to talk about ourย  wishes as they relate to other people's actions.
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์Œ, ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œ์›์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
First, we can use verbs that express some kindย  of necessity. Maybe my desire is weak, so I'mย ย 
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ œ ์š•์‹ฌ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์„œ
06:30
only making a suggestion. Or maybe my desire for aย  certain outcome is strong, so I'm making a demand.
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์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด๋ง์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Compare these statements. I suggest that youย  review real and unreal conditional sentences.
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์ด ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์† ์˜์‹ฌ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€
06:50
I insist that you watch my playlist onย  conditionals if you have any lingering doubts.
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๋กœ ๋‚ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:59
"Suggest" and "insist" are the kinds of verbs thatย  express a desire to push others towards action.
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'suggest'์™€ 'insist'๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ์•„๊ฐ€๋ ค๋Š” ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
The subjunctive follows in aย  noun clause, a "that" clause.
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ, '๊ทธ' ์ ˆ ๋’ค์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
Look at the verb form in the noun clause.ย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:18
The so-called present subjunctiveย  is the base form of the verb.
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์†Œ์œ„ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
In these structures, we use the base verbย  for all subjects. I suggest that you review,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:31
that he review, that we review. I insist thatย  you watch, that she watch, that they watch.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
The verbs in the main clause can change forms toย  reflect a past, present, or future time period,ย ย 
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์ฃผ์ ˆ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜•์‹์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜
07:50
but the subjunctive remains in the "that" clause.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์€ 'that' ์ ˆ์— ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
I suggested that she review. I'mย  suggesting that everyone review.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
I insisted that he continue.ย  I'll insist that he continue.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
08:13
Can you correct the mistakes in these sentences?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:29
They recommended that we take a break. He'sย  demanding that everyone call him "sir."ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์„ '์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
i'd like to propose that we hire outside help.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋„์›€์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
Note with some verbs, we have a choiceย  how to structure our sentence. "Suggest"ย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Suggest"
08:50
and "recommend" can use the subjunctive in aย  "that" clause or a gerund as the direct object.
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์™€ "recommend"๋Š” "that" ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
I suggest that you visit my website.ย  I suggest visiting my website.
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๋‚ด ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
I recommend that you try myย  member-only tasks on YouTube.ย ย 
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YouTube์—์„œ ๋‚ด ํšŒ์› ์ „์šฉ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
I recommend trying myย  member-only tasks on YouTube.
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YouTube์—์„œ ๋‚ด ํšŒ์› ์ „์šฉ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
A few verbs like "ask," "require,"ย  and "order" can use the subjunctiveย ย 
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"ask", "require" ๋ฐ "order"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
09:28
or an infinitive after an object.
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๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋’ค์— ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
I ask that you be patient.ย  I'm asking you to be patient.
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์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
The company requires thatย  proof of vaccination be shown.ย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข… ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
The company requires proofย  of vaccination to be shown.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข… ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:58
That last sentence pair uses the passive voice.ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์Œ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
The subjunctive has a passiveย  form: be + the past participle.
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค : be + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ.
10:10
How would you make this sentence passive?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:27
We insist that respect be shown to co-workers.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
The subjunctive can also have aย  negative form: not + the base verb.
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: not + ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ.
10:41
It's essential that youย  not lose faith in yourself.
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์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Ah, what did I use? The subjunctive is still inย  a "that" clause, but this noun clause followsย ย 
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์•„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ '๊ทธ' ์ ˆ์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€
10:54
an adjective. It's essential that...ย  The pattern holds for similar adjectivesย ย 
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. It's essential that... ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€
11:03
that express a wish for someone to behaveย  a certain way, to do a certain action.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, ํŠน์ • ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
It is essential that, it is important that,ย  it is crucial that, it is desirable that...
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค...
11:21
These kinds of sentences sound formal.ย  It is important that we remain strong.ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•จ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
In more relaxed conversation, we'llย  find alternatives with infinitives.ย ย 
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๋ณด๋‹ค ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
It's important to remain strong. It'sย  important for everyone to remain strong.
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๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•จ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
Can you make these sentences less formal?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋œ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:01
One. It's necessary to find a balance betweenย  serving others and taking care of ourselves. Two.ย ย 
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ํ•˜๋‚˜. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜. ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ถ•์ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
12:09
It's desirable to have enough material possessionsย  without accumulating more than we need.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:17
Three. It's crucial to gain enoughย  sleep and consume enough calories.ย ย 
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์‚ผ. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
Otherwise, your body won't function as it should.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ชธ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
Here's a final challenge. Can you give at leastย  one piece of advice that leads to happiness orย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋„์ „์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–‰๋ณต์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”
12:35
success? Use the subjunctive two differentย  ways. Here are my examples. It is essentialย ย 
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? ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
that you pursue something with passion. I stronglyย  recommend that you pursue something with passion.
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์—ด์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
It's important that yourย  life be filled with meaning.ย ย 
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์‚ถ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
I suggest that you fill your life with meaning.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
All right. We'll end here. Please like andย  share the video if you found the lesson useful.ย ย 
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
13:11
As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
13:16
Follow me on Facebook, Twitter, andย  Instagram. Why not join me on Patreon?ย ย 
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Facebook, Twitter, Instagram์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š” . Patreon์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:21
And don't forget to subscribe on YouTube.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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