Lesson 98 👩‍🏫Basic English with Jennifer 👂How to Say the -ed Past Tense Ending

Hi everyone. I'm Jennifer from English with Jennifer. Are you ready to study

basic English with me? You can practice the simple past with my students, Flavia

and Andreia. When we talk about the past, we use past tense verbs. Regular verbs

end in -ed. But how do we pronounce that ending? Listen. Okay, ladies. You did very

well with a lot of the irregular verbs. Now we're going to talk about our

regular verbs in the past tense. Often you will just add -ed or -d. Right?

Spelling can be different. Pronunciation can be different. You're using some of

them already. We talked about Sylvia and how she

worked in a restaurant. Right? There's our -ed ending. She worked long hours. And we

talked about how she opened the door. Right? When she opened the door, she heard

strange noises. We also know that she turned on the lights, and she saw all of

her friends. Okay. So, a lot of the time, we just add -ed. Now here's a question.

Listen. Worked. Opened. Worked. Turned. Is there a difference? Can you hear it?

What's happening with "worked," it sounds like a /t/. Worked. With these ones,

"opened"... "turned." This sounds like a /d/. Why? Why is that happening?

Why? Why, Jennifer?

Because the last sound is a consonant. Right? Just like in English and

Portuguese, we have two groups of sounds. We have our vowels. Mm-hmm. A, E, I, O, U. We have

our consonants: B, C, D... Right? Now the consonants have two groups. Some

consonants are very quiet we call them voiceless. There's nothing here.

It's quiet, but when we say something

like an N.../n/...,you can put your hand on your throat. /n/ You feel the vibrations.

There's something. You feel something. But when you say /k/, nothing. Right? Do you

feel? ...There's a difference. So when you have a voiceless...voiceless

consonant, it's going to sound like /t/, but when it's voiced, it will sound like a /d/.

For example, lived...I lived in Russia for five years. I lived in Moscow. Lived. Why?

The last sound is a /v/. It's voiced. Okay? Remember the story of Brittany and John?

And Brittany helped John. She helped him to learn more languages. Right? Helped.

Helped. Why? The last consonant is a /p/.

Voiceless. Yeah. So, you're going to add on the -ed, but how you say it can be

different. Is the final sound voiceless or voiced? Okay. When we write, often it's

-ed. But here, I just added -d. Why? Because the last letter is "e." Right? So,

what if I do..."love" becomes "loved," and again it's voiced. So it sounds like /d/.

And I just write a "-d." Loved. Um, jumped. Your cat jumped on the bed.

Jumped. Exactly. I saw a movie and I liked it. Liked. Liked. I liked it.

Liked. Because it's just like "worked." Liked. I liked it.

Voiceless consonants are also called unvoiced consonants. Say these voiceless

consonants with me: /k, p/.

Good. Now say those sounds before the -ed ending: worked, liked, helped, jumped. Try

saying those verbs in phrases: worked hard, liked the movie, helped me,

jumped high.

Remember we also have voiced consonants. Say these voiced consonants with me: /n, v/.

Good now say those sounds before the -ed ending. Listen and repeat. Opened, turned,

lived, loved. Say those verbs in phrases. Listen and repeat. Opened the door, turned

on the lights, lived alone, loved each other. Okay. Now let's talk about the past

tense ending -ed after a vowel sound and after the consonants T and D.

I really enjoyed my trip to Bermuda. Enjoyed. Enjoyed. This is different.

"Enjoy"...is a vowel sound. /ɔɪ/ And the vowel sounds also are voiced, so when we

have "enjoyed," it's going to sound like a /d/. Enjoyed. I enjoyed it.

I enjoyed my trip. I enjoyed dinner. I enjoyed being here. Enjoyed. One more. When

did we meet for the first time? Do you remember which month? The three of us.

When did we start our lessons? Whoa. April. April or March? April. A long time ago.

I think we started at the end of March. Maybe. Maybe the end of March. Yeah.

Let's say March. Okay. Started. Started. New category. New group. Started. Started.

What happened now? Start - started. Now I have two syllables. Started. I don't say

"tur-ned"..."open-ed" "liv-ed"... Well "open" has two syllables, but

Let's look at "live" and "love." Lived, loved. And with "opened" and "turned," I don't say

"open-ed"..."turn-ed"...

It's different. If it's one syllable, you add an -ed, it stays one

syllable. If it's two syllables and you add -ed, it stays two syllables. But what

does that end with? T. And so when you end with a T, we get one more syllable.

Start - started. Start - started. Because of T. Yeah. And there can be more. Oh, here's a good one.

Visit. Right? Let's say you went to New York. You...and you saw relatives.

Right? You saw some family, so you visited ...you visited some relatives.

It ends with the T. Visited. We talked about Brittany and John and how they got

married. We could also say they married. "Got married" is more conversational, but

you can also use "marry" as a verb. And what happens when you write it? You

add...you change the y to an i and add the -ed.

But it sounds like "enjoyed"... "married." Right? It ends with a vowel; we add -ed. Okay. So how

many groups do we have? We have these verbs. They're voiceless. It will end with the /t/

sound. So repeat after me: Liked... Worked...

Helped... Jumped... Now we have these verbs that end with

the voiced consonant. The -ed sounds like a /d/. Opened... Turned...

Turned...and be careful not to say "tur-ned" and not "turned-duh" but

Turned. Yeah. So you say the D, but don't add "turned-duh." Turned. Okay.

Lived. Again, not "li-ved." Lived... Loved... Good. Right? You don't

want "lo-ved"...loved. And not "loved-duh." When you have a word after it, then you

can keep going. Like, I loved it. I loved it. Did you like the movie? I loved it.

I loved it. Yeah. I loved it. Or I liked it. When you end with a vowel, we add the -ed

and it sounds like a/d/. Married... Enjoyed...

Same thing. You could say, "Did you like it?" "I enjoyed it. I really enjoyed it." Try that.

I really enjoyed it...because it ends

with the /d/ sound, you're going to connect it to the next word. I really

enjoyed it. Today I enjoy it, but yesterday I enjoyed it. Enjoyed it. Yes.

Yeah. You have the "dit." Enjoyed it. Yes. I really enjoyed it...Enjoyed it. Yes.

Enjoyed it. Yes. It sounds like "dit." I really enjoyed it.

I really enjoyed...enjoyed it...And if it's easier to go

slow, do it. But you can still speak naturally. I really enjoyed it.

Enjoyed it...Okay. And then we have these verbs that

add an extra syllable. I started the lesson. Started. Started. I started the

lesson. I started the lesson. Started...

I started dinner....started. Oh, what's happening...

"Start" ends with the 't,' but many Americans are going to change that. It will

sound very much like a /d/ sound. So instead of "started," you will hear "star-ded."

Alright. It sounds like /d...d/. Started.

We started in March...

Mm-hmm. Started. Visited. Visited. Mm-hmm. She visited

relatives. Yeah. Or say, "I visited family." I visited family. Visited.

I visited family. You got it. It's difficult!

Listen. Tried. How many syllables does that verb have? Tried. One. Repeat after me.

I tried really hard.

Listen again. Guided. How many syllables?

Guided. Repeat. She guided me. Let's see if you understand the rules. Answer 10

questions. What's the past tense of "baked"?

Baked. What's the past tense of "smile"?

Smiled. What's the past tense of "play"?

Played. What's the past tense of "change"?

Changed. What's the past tense of "expect"?

Expected. What's the past tense of "cry"?

Cried. And the past tense of "carry?"

Carried. What's the past tense of "move"?

Moved. And the past tense of "ask"? Asked. And finally, what's the past tense of

"complete"? Completed. Now let's see if Andreia and Flavia understand the rules.

Ladies, I want to add more words to this list, but you help me and tell me where

the verbs go. Cook. Cook - cooked. Oh! Cooked. Right? Not "cook -ed." Cooked.

Where is that? Cooked. Where does "cook" go? Cooked. Because...like "worked"

and "liked." Cooked. Um, wash.

Becomes "washed." /ʃ/ Do you hear? Nothing, right? Put your hand here. Oh. There's a difference between /ʃ/ and /ʒ/.

Yeah. Put your hand here and feel the difference.

They're two different sounds. "Washed." So SH /ʃ/ is voiceless: washed. Like I

washed my hair. I washed my hands. Miss. Missed. Not miss-ed. Missed.

Missed... Yes. Missed. Missed? M-I-S-S. Miss - missed. Ah. Missed. Exactly. Missed. I missed you. I missed you.

I really missed you. Right? Or I missed class. You know? Show. Showed. You feel something, right? Showed. Voiceless? It's voiced

because think.../oʊ/ is a vowel sound. You said it directly. Yeah. Right. Yeah. /oʊ/

is a vowel like "marry"..."enjoy." "Show" ends with a vowel sound. Showed /oʊ/ is

a vowel sound. That's voiced. It's going to sound like a /d/.

Showed. This is when you can have a little bit of fun and come up with a story.

A group of...give me a number, a small

number. Yeah. Five. Five. Okay. A group of

five cats lived together. Name a place.

A store, a mountain...A store. In a store. The store...oh! Here's one more verb. Let's add this.

This is good. What do stores do? They sell things. What

happens to "sell" in the past? Sold. Very good. S-o-l-d. Sold. The store

sold...what? What did they sell? Animals. Animals? How about pets? The store sold...furniture...blankets?

Yes. Or clothes...clothes. Or cats? Yeah! In Brazil...has one store. And many cats. There were cats.

And what did they sell? And people search...clothes. And cats...But the clothes had cat fur everywhere. Yes! That's awful.

Okay. Let's change this. The store sold like clothing...clothes. Or blankets, towels...

Well, in our story, let's say it sold clothes. It sold clothes. The cats...What

happens to "want"? Wanted. And look. It goes over here in this group. Want - wanted.

Wanted. Two syllables. The cats wanted to help.

Um, they...I think you know some of these already. What happens with "put"? It stays

the same. Correct. Mm-hmm. You can say "put their fur..."

I think we also did this one. "Leave" becomes "left." Good. We can use either verb here

and say they put their fur everywhere/they left their fur

everywhere. Past tense of "think"? They thought...they thought

this was helpful. Here we have "share" /ɛɚ/ Share. It's a voiced sound. /ɛɚ/ It's

like a vowel sound. Shared. So it ends with a /d/. They shared...their pretty

fur. They shared their pretty fur with all the customers.

The customers...what happens to "wash"? Washed. Washed. The customers washed the clothes

at home, of course. That's our story. Okay. A group of five cats lived together in

a store. The store sold clothes. The cats wanted to help.

They left their fur everywhere. They thought this was helpful. They shared

their pretty fur with all the customers. The customers washed the clothes at home,

of course. Okay. I'm going to say it again, and I'm going to leave out all the verbs.

You will help me. Okay? Because I want to hear your pronunciation. Okay. A group of

five cats together in a store. The store sold clothes. The cats wanted to help.

They left their fur everywhere. They thought this was helpful. They shared...shared...they shared

their pretty fur with all the customers. The customers washed...washed the

clothes at home, of course. Okay. Be careful with "washed." So we don't have

"wash-ed." Washed. And it sounds like /t/. Washed... They washed the

clothes. They washed the clothes. Very good -- because those are a lot

of /t/ sounds and TH sounds. You can practice more on your own. Retell the

story about the cats Here are the verbs you need. Listen to the story one more time.

Ladies, I will read one more time. Listen and I'll ask you questions.

Okay. A group of five cats lived together in a store. The store sold clothes. The

cats wanted to help. They left their fur everywhere. They

thought this was helpful. They shared their pretty fur with all the customers.

The customers washed the clothes at home, of course. How many cats lived in the

store? Five. Now give me the whole sentence. Five cats lived in the store.

In the store. Lived in the store. What did the store sell? The store sold clothes. Very good.

What did the cats want to do?

The cats wanted...help. Wanted to help.

So, with "wanted" you always need "to": want to help, wanted to help.

Wanted to help. Wanted to help. Good. Wanted to help. Mm-hmm.

Where did they leave their fur? Where? Where did they leave their fur?

Everywhere. Now give me the whole sentence. They left their fur everywhere.

They left their fur...they left their fur everywhere. Everywhere. Why? What did they

think? They thought this was helpful. Correct. Be careful with the TH. They thought.

They thought...they thought this was helpful. They thought this was helpful. This is a

good story for TH, too. They thought they thought this was helpful. They thought

this was helpful. They thought...they thought...

Who did they share their fur with? Who?

They shared their pretty fur with....with who?

With all customers...with all the customers.

With all the customers. What did the customers do at home? The customers wash...washed

the clothes in the house. Yes, in their house or you say "at home." At home. They

washed their clothes at home, of course. Note how I formed questions in the

simple past. Look. Which questions use a helping verb? These ones. The helping verb

is "did." This question is about the subject. The question word is "who." We

don't need a helping verb here. For more practice, you can make more questions in

the simple past. Okay. That's all for now. Was the lesson useful? Please like and

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