IELTS Reading Lesson | Read An Article With Me [FREE LESSON PDF]

61,758 views ใƒป 2023-07-10

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Welcome back to JForrest English. I'm Jenniferย  and today we're going to read an article togetherย ย 
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JForrest English์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์„œ
00:05
so you can learn a lot of advanced grammar,ย  vocabulary, and expressions. And this article isย ย 
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ์–ดํœ˜, ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ธ€์€
00:12
from the academic IELTS Reading Section 3. Let'sย  get started. Our article is called Time Travel.ย ย 
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์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏน IELTS ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์„น์…˜ 3์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ทŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
Let's start the first section.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„น์…˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Time travel took a small step away fromย  science fiction and toward science.ย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
So you have here is science fiction.ย  Fiction is the opposite of fact. Soย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
00:39
we have two categories. We have fictionย  which is not real, like Harry Potter.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ค์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
And then we have nonfiction, which is real,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:48
like a historical biography or autobiography.ย  I wrote those definitions here. So time travelย ย 
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์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์„œ์ „์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ค์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ผํ”ฝ์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€
00:57
took a step away from fiction, soย  away from not true and toward true.
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ํ”ฝ์…˜์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ, ์ฆ‰ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Here, notice how we have the word toward as aย  preposition. 2 spellings are correct. You canย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” . 2 ๋งž์ถค๋ฒ•์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
say toward or towards with an s. So if you hearย  someone say towards with an s it's not incorrect.ย ย 
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s๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ s๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Both of them are grammatically correct andย  acceptable and towards science recentlyย ย 
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—
01:27
when physicists discovered that subatomicย  particles known as neutrinos neutrinos.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์•„์›์ž ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Just listen to my pronunciation.ย  Neutrinos can exceed the speed of light,ย ย 
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์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‰ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:42
so if you exceed something, it meansย  you've gone beyond it. Now in this case,ย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด ์ดˆ์›”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
01:48
they're talking about speed, so toย  go beyond means to go faster than.
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์†๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ~๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์šฉ ์นด๋“œ
01:54
If you exceeded your spending limit on yourย  credit card, you've gone beyond that limit,ย ย 
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์˜ ์ง€์ถœ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
which means you've spent more money than you haveย  available. And notice here we have can, which is aย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€์ถœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
02:10
modal verb, and then we have exceed, which is theย  base verb. So grammatically you always have modal.
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ can์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Base verb not the infinitive can to exceed no justย  can exceed. So modal plus base verb can exceed theย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
02:30
speed of light. So these neutrinos, which areย  subatomic particles, don't worry. I don't knowย ย 
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๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„ ์›์ž ์ž…์ž์ธ ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š”
02:37
what a neutrino is. I don't really know what aย  subatomic particle is because I'm not a physicist.
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๋‰ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์›์ž ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
But I understand that they're particles andย  they can go faster than the speed of light.ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž…์ž์ด๊ณ  ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋น ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
That is what I know based on the article. Theย  unassuming particle Unassuming is an adjective,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ Unassuming์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ,
02:58
and when you describe something as unassuming,ย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ,
03:01
it means it doesn't attract a lot of interest orย  attention. So maybe you're walking down a street.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
And there's a restaurant, but it doesn't attractย  your interest or attention because maybe it's veryย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:14
small. It doesn't look very nice from theย  outside. There isn't a lot of decorations.ย ย 
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. ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์•„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์žฅ์‹์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
The sign for the restaurant is very small, soย  you almost don't even notice the restaurant.ย ย 
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์‹๋‹น ๊ฐ„ํŒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์•„์„œ ์‹๋‹น์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
So it's an unassuming restaurant, butย  you go in and the food is delicious.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†Œ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹๋‹น์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ์Œ์‹์ด ๋ง›์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
But you almost didn't notice it because it'sย  unassuming. So these particles, these neutrinos,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ •์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์น˜ ์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ž…์ž๋“ค, ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š”
03:42
are unassuming. They don't attract a lotย  of attention or interest, likely becauseย ย 
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๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:47
they're just very small. They're not consideredย  something that's very important in science,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
03:53
the unassuming particle. It is electricallyย  neutral, small but with a non zero mass.
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๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ์ž…์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด 0์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
So this is simply giving us more information aboutย  what this particle is, because the average personย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
04:09
does not know what a neutrinos is. A physicistย  knows what this is, but the average person doesย ย 
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
04:17
not. So this is giving us more information onย  this particle, the unassuming particle. It isย ย 
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์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ž…์ž, ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ์ž…์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:23
electrically neutral, small but with a nonzeroย  mass and able to penetrate. Now notice here.
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์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด 0์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:30
Able to penetrate is something missing from thisย  expression and able to penetrate the expression isย ย 
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๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ ๋น ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ํ• 
04:40
to be able to. That's the full expression. Butย  notice it is electrically neutral and able toย ย 
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์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:52
penetrate. So when we have and you don't need toย  repeat the main verb so you can say for example.
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ.
05:00
She is tall and thin, OK? She is tall and thin,ย  so you don't have to say she is tall and is thin.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ง๋ž์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ง๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ง๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
You can get rid.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
Of this main verb and just say she is tall andย  thin. The same thing is happening here. The onlyย ย 
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์ด ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ์—์„œ she is tall and thin์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ผํ•œ
05:23
difference is instead of having one simple wordย  like tall, we have all of this information. Soย ย 
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ tall๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™€ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด not์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:32
it's easy to forget that this is is also attachedย  to able to because the expression is not.
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this is๋„ able to๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:42
Able to It's be able to. OK, so for example,ย  you can't say she able to speak Japanese. Youย ย 
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
can't say that this is grammaticallyย  incorrect because the verb to be isย ย 
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to be ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:59
missing. So I'll put a frowning face and anย  X. She is able to speak Japanese. So now.
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฐŒํ‘ธ๋ฆฐ ์–ผ๊ตด๊ณผ X ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ.
06:08
This is correct because we have to be ableย  and then your infinitive, so that is what it'sย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
06:16
happening here and able to. But we're using theย  verb to be for both sections before and and after,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž๊ณผ ๋’ค์˜ ๋‘ ์„น์…˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
06:25
and so don't forget that with able to and ableย  to penetrate when you penetrate something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:34
It simply means you go into. So let's say I'mย  putting cream on my skin. When this when the creamย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฆผ์ด
06:42
goes into my skin and you can no longer see it, itย  means the cream penetrated my skin. It went intoย ย 
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๋‚ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ํฌ๋ฆผ์ด ๋‚ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์นจํˆฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:52
my skin. So this neutron, this neutrinos can goย  into your skin. It can penetrate the human form.
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž, ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
Undetected. So you don't see somethingย  going into your skin because they they'reย ย 
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๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:12
not visible. They're so small that youย  can't see them. So that means undetected,ย ย 
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. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ,
07:17
not visible, not known, not visibleย  or not known, Not known. Undetected.
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๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Œ, ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ, ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Œ ๋˜๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ, ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜
07:32
Is on its way to becoming a rock starย  of the scientific world. When you seeย ย 
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๋ก์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:38
this dash here and then another dash, it meansย  you can remove all of the information betweenย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ด โ€‹โ€‹๋Œ€์‹œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜
07:45
the dashes and the sentence would beย  grammatically correct. For example,ย ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
07:50
let me read it without the information in blue.
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์ •๋ณด ์—†์ด ์ฝ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
The unassuming particle is on its way toย  becoming a rock star of the scientific world,ย ย 
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๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๋ก์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:59
Grammatically correct. The information between theย  dashes is additional supplementary information,ย ย 
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. ๋Œ€์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ถฉ ์ •๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ,
08:06
and in this case it gives you moreย  information about what the neutrinos is,ย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
because as I said, the averageย  person just doesn't know.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
Don't worry about writing all this down, becauseย  I summarize everything in the free lesson PDF,ย ย 
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
08:23
so you can look in the description below toย  download the free lesson PDF. Let's continue.ย ย 
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์•„๋ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:30
Researchers in Geneva sent the neutrinosย  hurtling through an underground corridor.
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์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
Let's take a look at hurtling. This means to moveย  very fast, but it also implies in a dangerous way.ย ย 
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์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด์ž. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
So when these neutrinos were hurtling through theย  underground corridor. So imagine the corridorsย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ์ง„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณต๋„๊ฐ€
08:53
going straight, and the neutrinos are goingย  very fast, but maybe they're banging againstย ย 
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์ง์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
08:58
the signs of the walls. They're crashing intoย  each other, not in an orderly, straight way.
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๋ฒฝ์˜ ํ‘œ์‹œ์— ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์งˆ์„œ ์ •์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์„ ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
So you can use this, for example, with drivers.ย  You might say the delivery driver hurtled up myย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด
09:14
driveway, so he came up your driveway.ย  He drove up your driveway very quickly,ย ย 
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์ง„์ž…๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์ง„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง„์ž…๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง„์ž…๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์šด์ „ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:21
but also very dangerously, so quickly. And maybeย  he's swerving. There's objects here. He's goingย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์šด์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํ‹€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
09:30
right for it. Maybe you're standing here andย  he doesn't seem to be stopping. He hurtled up.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชธ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค.
09:36
Your driveway. Let's continue. Researchersย  in Geneva sent the neutrinos hurtlingย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฐจ๋„. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ฅผ
09:42
through an underground corridor towardย  their colleagues, or towards rememberย ย 
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์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„
09:48
their colleagues 730 kilometers away inย  Italy. The neutrinos arrived promptly.ย ย 
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์—์„œ 730km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
Promptly is an adverb, and it means quickly,ย  without delay, but also at the scheduled time.
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Promptly๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง€์ฒด ์—†์ด ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
So for example, the meeting will start promptly atย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:09
9:00 AM. Often when you schedule a meeting atย  9:00, some people might come to the meetingย ย 
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. ์ข…์ข… 9:00์— ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํšŒ์˜์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:14
903905 just a little bit late. But if youย  say the meeting will start promptly at 9:00,ย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ 9์‹œ์— ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:22
I will start the presentation at 900, not 9/01 orย  9/02, promptly at 9:00, so immediately at 9:00.
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9/01์ด๋‚˜ 9/02๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ 900์‹œ์— ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:34
So in this case, the neutrinos arrived promptly.ย  So we can say quickly, without delay. So promptly,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์ฒด ์—†์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
in fact, that they triggered what scientists areย  calling the unthinkable. Let's look at triggeredย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋œ
10:49
and unthinkable. So first triggeredย  when something triggers something,ย ย 
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:54
it simply means it causes it to start. So theย  fact that the neutrinos traveled so promptly.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
Caused something else to start. And that somethingย  else is that scientists are now rethinking timeย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:15
travel. So that's the something you could say. Forย  example, speaking in public triggers my anxiety,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
11:24
so speaking in public causes my anxiety toย  start. I wrote that example here for you.
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๋Œ€์ค‘ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
Now the unthinkable. This is when somethingย  is just so shocking or unlikely that it'sย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์–ด
11:41
difficult for you to imagine, difficult forย  you to actually form a picture. For example,ย ย 
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
11:48
a world without language would be unthinkable.ย  Can you even contemplate? Can you think aboutย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:56
what life would be like if nobody spokeย  any language? Language was not invented.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
A human being never uttered, whichย  means spoke. Never uttered a word,ย ย 
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ฐœํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„, ์ฆ‰ ๋ง์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋””๋„,
12:09
never spoke a word, ever. Could you evenย  imagine how we would interact with eachย ย 
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ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋””๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒ์ด ๋˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”
12:15
other? It's unthinkable. Is so shocking andย  unlikely we can't even really think about it.
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? ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
So time travel is another thing that'sย  just unthinkable. Can you imagine whatย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:27
life would be like if we could time travel? It'sย  unthinkable that everything they have learned,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:34
known or taught, stemming from the last 100ย  years of the physics discipline, may need toย ย 
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์ง€๋‚œ 100 ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
12:41
be reconsidered. So this is the unthinkableย  that everything that physicists know about.
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์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
Their discipline. They may need to thinkย  about it again if time travel is possible.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทœ์œจ. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. T๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:56
I want to point out the past simple here ofย  the verb learn because you might be confusedย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ learn์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
as to why it has a T So learntย  is the preferred spelling andย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ learnt์€ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž์™€
13:10
pronunciation in British English. Inย  American English, which I teach the.
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๋ฐœ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ.
13:17
Preferred spelling and pronunciation is learned.ย  So notice we have a soft T here learned and thenย ย 
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์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž์™€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ T๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:26
in American learned with a soft D learned. Bothย  of them are grammatically correct. It's justย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ D๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ง€
13:35
two countries preferred, two different words,ย  everything they have learned, known or taught.
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์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ์•Œ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
Stemming from here, to stem from simply meansย  come from to come from come from. So in this case,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
13:55
because it's in the gerund form, I'llย  put mine in the gerund form coming from.
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•์‹์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•์‹์— ๋‚ด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
The last 100 years of the physics disciplineย  may need to be reconsidered. So when you addย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„์„ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
14:07
RE in front of the verb, it means you do theย  verb again, so you need to consider again.ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— RE๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
So that means consider again. Because you add REย  reconsidered, we need to consider it again. Soย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. RE๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
14:23
let's say you asked your boss for a promotionย  and your boss said no. Maybe you could say.
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์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์Šน์ง„์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€
14:30
Can you reconsider what he can you consider myย  proposal again? And most likely he'll say no.ย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
But hey, maybe he'll say, I guess I couldย  reconsider. And then you can explain againย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ด, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
14:47
why you deserve a promotion. And maybe thisย  time your boss will say yes. So it's alwaysย ย 
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์Šน์ง„ํ•  ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
14:54
possible for someone to reconsider. Let'sย  continue. Are you enjoying this lesson?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:00
If you are, then I want to tell you aboutย  the Finally Fluent Academy. This is myย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด Finally Fluent Academy์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
15:05
premium training program where we studyย  native English speakers on TV, movies,ย ย 
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TV, ์˜ํ™”, YouTube ๋ฐ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
15:10
YouTube and the news so you can improve yourย  listening skills of real English. Add advancedย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ ์˜์–ด ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๊ณ ๊ธ‰
15:18
expressions and advanced grammar to your speech soย  you sound fluent and natural. Plus you'll have meย ย 
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ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ์„ค์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๋ฅผ
15:23
as your personal coach, so you can look in theย  description for the link on how to learn more.
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๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฝ”์น˜๋กœ ๋‘์‹œ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
Let's continue on the issue at stake. So at stakeย  is simply when something is being considered. Soย ย 
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์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
15:39
here the issue being considered, theย  issue at stake, so being considered.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์ค‘์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์ค‘์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
Is a tiny segment of time, preciselyย  60 nanoseconds. So now they're goingย ย 
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
15:52
to explain what 60 nanoseconds is, because theย  average person who is not a physicist does notย ย 
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60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
15:59
know. So 60 nanoseconds is 60 billionthsย  of a second. So you have one second,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ๋Š” 600์–ต๋ถ„ ์˜ 1์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1์ดˆ๊ฐ€
16:07
and then you divide that one second into billions.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ 1์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
And you take 60 of them. For me, I can't reallyย  comprehend what 60 billionths of a second is,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  60๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ 600์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ •๋ง ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:21
to be honest. Because a second isย  like that. And imagine you takeย ย 
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. 1์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
16:26
60 billionths of that second. It wouldย  be so, so fast. It's unthinkable. I can'tย ย 
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๊ทธ 600์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ •๋ง ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
even imagine what that would be.ย  So notice I just used unthinkable.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:39
This is how much faster thanย  the speed of light the neutrinosย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:43
managed to go in their undergroundย  travels, and at a consistent rate.ย ย 
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.
16:50
Even allowing for a margin of error of 10ย  billionths of a second. This stands as proofย ย 
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100์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
16:58
that it is possible to race against light andย  win. So here they're comparing the speed of the.
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๋น›๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
Neutrinos to the speed of light,ย  which is just so fast that you and I,ย ย 
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๋‰ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ผ์„œ
17:14
average people can't really comprehendย  understand how fast it is because it justย ย 
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๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
happens so quickly. So they're just letting youย  know it happened faster than the speed of lightย ย 
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ 
17:29
and this allowing for a margin of error they'reย  saying even if our calculation was incorrect.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
Don't worry, it's still accurate. So theyย  accounted for that. They allowed someย ย 
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
17:45
miscalculation in their formula, and the neutrinosย  are still faster than the speed of light,ย ย 
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๊ณต์‹์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:53
even if their calculation is somewhatย  inaccurate. So that's a margin of error.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
You'll see this a lot in study, scientificย  studies, research studies a margin of error.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
Of 10 billionths of a second, the duration ofย  the experiment. Duration is the length. Theย ย 
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100์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ ์ค‘ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ธธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
duration of the experiment. The lengthย  of this experiment the entire time ofย ย 
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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:21
the experiment. So length or entireย  time of the experiment also accountedย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ธธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:27
for. When you account for something, youย  simply consider it, so they considered.
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:35
That margin of error that their calculationย  may be somewhat inaccurate so to considerย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š”
18:43
also accounted for, consideredย  so here accounted for something.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
So notice the preposition.ย  You account for something,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
18:55
but you consider something. So we don'tย  use considered for. It's just consideredย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ๋ ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
because we don't need the preposition for andย  considered and ruled out. The phrasal verb toย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:10
rule something out is when you no longerย  have something as a possibility, so to.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
No longer have an option as a possibility.ย  So basically it means to exclude an optionย ย 
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
19:30
to exclude an option. So let's say you areย  considering different options. Maybe you'reย ย 
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์˜ต์…˜์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:37
going to give your team a promotion,ย  give them an extra vacation day,ย ย 
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ํŒ€์„ ์Šน์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
19:43
or give them free lunch on Fridays.ย  Those are your three options to.
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๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:49
Show your support for your staff, butย  you're going to rule out promotions.ย ย 
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์ง์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋˜ ์Šน์ง„์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์„
19:54
You're going to no longer considerย  that as an option because you don'tย ย 
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19:59
have the financial resources to offerย  promotions, and it's very expensive. Soย ย 
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์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์žฌ์ •์  ์ž์›์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์‹ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์˜ต์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
20:04
you're going to rule out promotions. Nowย  you just have two options to consider.
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ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
So they ruled out any possibleย  lunar effects. Lunar is the moon,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ฌ์€ ๋‹ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
20:15
so effects from the moon because the moon canย  influence time and tidal bulges. I don't knowย ย 
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๋‹ฌ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์กฐ์ˆ˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:23
what a bulge is. I assume it's similarย  to a wave and tidal relates to the tide,ย ย 
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ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋„์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
20:31
so going when the water goes in and outย  that is called the tide, so tidal bulges.
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๋ฌผ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ’€์–ด ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
20:39
In the Earth's crust. So this information isย  just to let you know that their calculationย ย 
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์ง€๊ฐ์—์„œ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
20:47
considered many different factorsย  to understand if they are wrong.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:54
And they're still saying even if we take allย  of this into account, consider all of this,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
21:01
the neutrinos are still faster than theย  speed of light. Let's continue nevertheless.
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
21:08
The transition word neither the nevertheless isย  used when you are going to have a contrast. Soย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „ํ™˜์–ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
21:17
here they're talking about all the reasons why theย  neutrinos are faster than the speed of light. Butย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
21:24
now because I have nevertheless, I know they'reย  going to introduce evidence to say that this mightย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:31
not be true because there has to be a contrast.ย  So this is a transition word used to introduce.
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™˜์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:39
Contrasting point. Nevertheless, there's plentyย  of reason to remain skeptical. Skeptical meansย ย 
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๋Œ€์กฐ์ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์˜์ ์ด๋ž€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
21:47
I'm not sure if I believe you or I'm notย  sure if I believe this topic. I'm not sureย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„
21:55
if I believe that we can travel throughย  time. I'm skeptical, so not sure if the.
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์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:06
Person can be trusted or believed. Person orย  information. In this case, it's the informationย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
22:16
they're presenting. Information can be trustedย  or believed. So I'm skeptical. I'm not sure,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:24
according to Harvard Universityย  science historian Peter Gallison.
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Harvard University์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์ธ Peter Gallison์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
22:29
Einstein. Albert Einstein. Of course,ย  Einstein's relativity theory has beenย ย 
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์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ. ์•Œ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผํ•™์˜
22:35
pushed harder than any theory in the historyย  of the physical sciences. Pushed harder thanย ย 
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋” ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ€์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
22:42
it means that every scientist has triedย  to prove that his theory is not correct.ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:50
So they've pushed his theory harder than anyย  theory in the history of the physical sciences.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋” ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
22:56
Yet each prior challenge prior means previous. Soย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ด์ „ ๋„์ „ ์ด์ „์€ ์ด์ „์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
23:01
each challenge that had previouslyย  happened prior, previous. Then.ย ย 
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์ด์ „์— ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ ๋„์ „. ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—.
23:08
You see this a lot in job interviews. Do youย  have any prior experience? Do you have anyย ย 
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์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
23:15
previous experience? So let me write that forย  you. Do you have any prior experience in Excel?
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์ด์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Excel์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
23:26
So Excel is a Microsoft software for organizingย  data. Do you have any prior experience in Excel?ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Excel์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ Microsoft ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Excel์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
23:33
Do you have any previous experience yet?ย  Each prior challenge has come to no avail.ย ย 
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์ด์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ฐ ๋„์ „์€ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:41
So remember I said they've tried to prove thatย  Einstein's theory is inaccurate or incorrect,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
23:47
but it's come to no avail, which means theyย  have not been successful. So no avail means.
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์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋ฌด ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:56
Not successful. Let's review this example.ย  I asked my boss for a promotion but to noย ย 
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์Šน์ง„์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
24:04
avail. So notice the expression is to noย  avail and this means not successful. Soย ย 
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์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
24:12
I didn't get the promotion. My boss said no,ย  but to no avail. I'm hopeful he'll reconsider.
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ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:19
I'm hopeful. That's just another way ofย  saying I hope he'll reconsider. So remember,ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ
24:25
we talked about this, Consider it again andย  change his decision. But he's skeptical.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:32
I don't know. I'm not sure if Jennifer's readyย  for a promotion. He's skeptical that I'm ready forย ย 
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง์„ ๋งก์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:41
a management position. So here we used a lot ofย  expressions in one thought, one advanced thought.
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:49
Let's continue. So is time travel just around theย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด
24:54
corner? When something is just aroundย  the corner, it means happening soon,ย ย 
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์–ผ๋งˆ ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณง ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ,
25:00
happening soon. So you could say my vacationย  is just around the corner, happening soon.
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๊ณง ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ํœด๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:09
So is time travel happening soon? Justย  around the corner? The prospect? So theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ณง ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”? ๋ชจํ‰์ด๋งŒ ๋Œ๋ฉด? ์ „๋ง? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
25:15
prospect is the idea that Chime travelย  is just around the corner. The prospectย ย 
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์ž ์žฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ Chime ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์žฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€
25:21
has certainly been wrenched much closer to theย  realm of possibility. This simply means movedย ย 
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
25:29
closer to the realm of possibility,ย  meaning that something is possible.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:35
So a simple way of saying this isย  the prospect has certainly beenย ย 
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด ์ž ์žฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€
25:43
moved towards possibility now that a majorย  physical hurdle, a hurdle is an obstacle,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ, ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ
25:52
something that prevents you from achievingย  a goal. So an obstacle, hurdle, obstacle.
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๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž ์žฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ, ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ, ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ.
26:00
The speed of light. So this is the obstacle,ย  the hurdle for time travel. The fact thatย ย 
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๋น›์˜ ์†๋„. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:08
we need to travel faster than the speed of light,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
26:12
and so far nothing has traveled faster thanย  the speed of light until these neutrinosย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:21
has been cleared. So to clear the hurdleย  means to get rid of it, to eliminate it.
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:26
If particles, these neutrinos. Ifย  particles can travel faster than light,ย ย 
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์ž…์ž๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž. ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
26:31
in theory traveling back in timeย  is possible. That's unthinkable,ย ย 
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์ด๋ก ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:38
isn't it? How anyone harnesses that toย  harness something is when you use somethingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:45
successfully. To use something successfully, useย  something successfully. For example, we have.
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. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:55
Now harnessed the power of the sun throughย  solar panels. So you put a solar panel onย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ํž˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง‘ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ํƒœ์–‘ ์ „์ง€ํŒ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
27:04
the roof of your house and it harnessesย  the sun, the energy of the sun. It usesย ย 
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ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ธ ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง‘์„
27:11
that energy successfully by then heatingย  your house. So we've already harnessedย ย 
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๋ฐ์šด ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ
27:17
many things in our environment. Why notย  time travel? How anyone harnesses that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.
27:24
So how anyone uses time travel successfullyย  to some kind of helpful end is far beyondย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
27:34
the scope of any modern technologies. OK,ย  so far beyond the scope of. When somethingย ย 
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด
27:41
is beyond the scope of, it means thatย  it is not included in, not included in.
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๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€, ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
27:51
For example, teaching you about Einstein's theoryย  of relativity is beyond the scope of this lesson,ย ย 
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, ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:59
which means it's not included in thisย  lesson. It doesn't mean it's not important,ย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
28:04
it's just beyond the scope of thisย  lesson. It's not included in this lesson,ย ย 
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—๋Š” ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
28:10
so it's beyond the scope ofย  any modern technology, however.
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์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
28:14
And will be left to future generations to explore.ย  When you leave something to someone, it means thatย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
28:25
you give the responsibility to someoneย  else. So the future generationsย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ „๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š”
28:32
now have the responsibility to take theย  information from this article. The factย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
28:38
that these neutrinos can travel faster than theย  speed of light and try to harness that try to.
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์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:44
Turn it into something tangible that weย  can use and benefit from. So that's notย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
28:52
our responsibility. We're going to leaveย  that to future generations to explore.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:59
So that's the end of the article. What I'll doย  now is I'll go to the beginning and I'll readย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
29:05
the article from start to finish and this timeย  you can focus on my pronunciation, time travel.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์Œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:13
Time travel took a small step away from scienceย  fiction and towards science recently whenย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ
29:19
physicists discovered that subatomic particlesย  known as neutrinos can exceed the speed ofย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์•„์›์ž ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:25
light. The unassuming particle it is electricallyย  neutral, small but with a nonzero mass and able toย ย 
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. ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ด๊ณ  ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด 0์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ์ง€
29:33
penetrate the human form undetected, is on its wayย  to becoming a rock star of the scientific world.
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๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ๋ก์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:40
Researchers in Geneva sent the neutrinosย  hurtling through an underground corridorย ย 
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์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
29:46
toward their colleagues 730ย  kilometers away in Italy.ย ย 
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730km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:52
The neutrinos arrived promptly. So promptly,ย  in fact, that they triggered what scientistsย ย 
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
29:58
are calling the unthinkable that everythingย  they have learned, known or taught, stemmingย ย 
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30:04
from the last 100 years of the physicsย  discipline, may need to be reconsidered.
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์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์šด, ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:11
The issue at stake is a tiny segmentย  of time, precisely 60 nanoseconds,ย ย 
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์œ„ํƒœ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 60๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ,
30:17
which is 60 billionths of a second.ย  This is how much faster than theย ย 
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์ฆ‰ 600์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์ธ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ธ๊ทธ๋จผํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
30:24
speed of light the neutrinos managedย  to go in their underground travels,ย ย 
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์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ•˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ 
30:28
and at a consistent rate, even allowing for aย  margin of error of 10 billionths of a second.
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์ผ๊ด€๋œ ์†๋„๋กœ 100์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:35
This stands as proof that it is possible toย  race against light and win. The duration ofย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋น›๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:43
the experiment also accounted for and ruled outย  any possible lunar effects or tidal bulges inย ย 
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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ˆ˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:51
the Earth's crust. Nevertheless, there'sย  plenty of reason to remain skeptical,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
30:57
according to Harvard Universityย  science historian Peter Gallison.
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์ธ Peter Gallison์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:01
Feinstein's relativity theory hasย  been pushed harder than any theoryย ย 
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Feinstein์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
31:07
in the history of the physical sciences. Yetย  each prior challenge has come to no avail,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ ์ด์ „์˜ ๋„์ „์€ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 
31:13
and relativity has so far refused to buckle.ย  So is time traveled just around the corner?ย ย 
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์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ขŒ๊ตด์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”? ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด
31:21
The prospect has certainly been wrenchedย  much closer to the realm of possibilityย ย 
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์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ž ์žฌ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
31:26
now that a major physical hurdle,ย  the speed of light, has been cleared.
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.
31:31
If particles can travel faster than light, inย  theory, traveling back in time is possible.ย ย 
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์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ก ์ƒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
31:37
How anyone harnesses that to some kindย  of helpful end is far beyond the scope ofย ย 
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์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋ฉฐ
31:44
any modern technologies, however, and willย  be left to future generations to explore.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:50
So what did you think of this lesson? Did youย  enjoy reviewing an IELTS article? Would you likeย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? IELTS ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šฐ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
31:56
me to review more IELTS articles in the future? Ifย  so, put Yes, yes, yes in the comments. So I knowย ย 
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ IELTS ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์˜ˆ, ์˜ˆ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
32:03
you want more IELTS articles and you can get thisย  free speaking guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ IELTS ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:09
to speak English fluently and confidently. Youย  can download it from my website or you can lookย ย 
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. ๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
32:14
in the description for the link. And why don'tย  you get started with your next lesson right now?
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๋งํฌ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7