๐ŸŽ“ A2 Vocabulary Practice (Improve Your Fluency in English with the News)

44,775 views ใƒป 2023-10-12

JForrest English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
In this lesson, you're goingย  to expand your vocabulary,ย ย 
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€
00:03
and you're going to do thatย  by reading an article with me.
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็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใง่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:07
Now, this article is about the moon,ย  something we see every single day.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ ็งใŸใกใŒๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœˆใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:12
And you're going to have the vocabulary toย  talk about the moon in your daily speech.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๆ—ฅๅธธใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงๆœˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:18
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:20
I'm Jennifer.
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00:20
Now let's get started.
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็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ•ใ‚ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:22
1st, I'll read the headlineย  Why does the moon shine?
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1็•ช็›ฎใ€่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ชญใฟใพใ™ ๆœˆใฏใชใœๅ…‰ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:27
So Of course the verb shine is whenย  something sends out or reflects light.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œshineใ€ใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅ…‰ใ‚’็™บใ—ใŸใ‚Šๅๅฐ„ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:35
I'm sure you know that the sun shines.
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ๅคช้™ฝใŒ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
The sun shines.
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ๅคช้™ฝใŒ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:40
Shine is an irregular verb.
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Shine ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:42
So of course you have the verb to shine withย  an S because the subject is the sun, ** *** it.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไธป่ชžใŒๅคช้™ฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€S ใŒไป˜ใ„ใŸ Shine ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ** *** itใ€‚
00:49
Now in American English in the past simpleย  we just add an Ed, so it's regular verb.
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็พๅœจใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใซ Ed ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ€้€šๅธธใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:54
In the past simple the sun shined yesterday.
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏๆ˜”ใฏๅคช้™ฝใŒ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:57
In British English they useย  shown the sun shone yesterday.
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ใ€Œ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅคช้™ฝใŒ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:03
Now in both American and British Englishย  in the participle form it's shown.
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใจใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธกๆ–นใง ๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใง่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:10
So in the present perfectย  the sun has shown all day.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏใ€ ๅคช้™ฝใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:14
So in American English youย  can say shine shined shown.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ€ shin Shined Show ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:20
Now notice how I said the sun.
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒๅคช้™ฝใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:23
And here in the headline we have the moon.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใซใฏๆœˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:26
We'll talk about the other planets in aย  minute, but for now, remember that forย ย 
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ไป–ใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅพŒใปใฉ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๆœˆใจๅคช้™ฝใซใฏ ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:32
Moon and Sun you need the because there'sย  only one it's unique, the Moon, the Sun.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ๅ›บๆœ‰ใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฏๆœˆใจๅคช้™ฝใฎ 1 ใคใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็„กๆ–™ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณ PDF ใซใ™ในใฆใŒใพใจใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹
01:40
Don't worry about taking all these notes becauseย  I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
01:46
You can look in the description for the link.
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ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:49
Let's continue.
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ่ผใ้šฃไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
01:50
You know that Earth would be a dismal placeย  without its bright shining neighbor, the Sun.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฏๆ‚ฒๆƒจใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:59
So as we talked about, noticeย  here the article The Sun.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ The Sun ใจใ„ใ†่จ˜ไบ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:04
But notice Earth.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:06
Earth doesn't have an article in front of it.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใซใฏใใฎๅ‰ใซ่จ˜ไบ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:09
For example, you can see Mars on a clear night.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ™ดใ‚ŒใŸๅคœใซใฏ็ซๆ˜ŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:13
It's not the Mars, it's just Mars.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ซๆ˜Ÿใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎ็ซๆ˜Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
02:16
You can see Mars on a clear night.
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ๆ™ดใ‚ŒใŸๅคœใซใฏ็ซๆ˜ŸใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
02:19
Earth is the third planet from the sun.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฏๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผ“็•ช็›ฎใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
02:23
The because I already mentioned that Sun and Moon.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅคช้™ฝใจๆœˆใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ™ใงใซ่ฟฐในใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:26
It's the sun, the moon, because they're unique.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅคช้™ฝใจๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:30
Let's talk about dismal.
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้™ฐๆƒจใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:32
This is an adjective, and it means sad withoutย  hope, or very bad depending on the context.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ€ ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅธŒๆœ›ใฎใชใ„ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:40
For example, you could sayย  the weather's been dismal.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒๆš—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
So when I think of that, I probably think a lackย  of sunlight, maybe cloudy, a little bit of rain,ย ย 
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ใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๆ—ฅๅ…‰ใŒ่ถณใ‚Šใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Š ใ€ๆ›‡ใ‚Šใ ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€
02:51
not very nice, the weather's been dismalย  or my promotion was dismal this year.
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ๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ไปŠๅนดใฎๆ˜‡้€ฒใŒๆ•ฃใ€…ใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
02:57
So in that sense it sounds like very bad.
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏ้žๅธธใซใพใšใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
03:01
My promotion was very bad this year.
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ไปŠๅนดใฎ็งใฎๆ˜‡้€ฒใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ่ผใ้šฃไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝใŒ
03:04
Earth would be a dismal place withoutย  its bright shining neighbor, the sun.
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ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใฏๆ‚ฒๆƒจใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
03:12
But did you know that the moon would also beย  just another dull orb if not for the sun's rays?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ…‰ใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆœˆใ‚‚ใŸใ ใฎ้ˆใ„็ƒไฝ“ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹?
03:21
The rays are where the light comes from, the rays.
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ๅ…‰็ทšใฏๅ…‰ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅ…‰็ทšใงใ™ใ€‚
03:27
So you have the ball, whichย  can also be called an orb.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒœใƒผใƒซใŒๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:31
An orb is just an object in the shape of a ball.
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใƒœใƒผใƒซใฎๅฝขใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:35
And then the rays are the lightย  that's coming off of the orb.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ…‰็ทšใฏ ็ƒไฝ“ใ‹ใ‚‰็™บใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ…‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:41
That's for the sun now.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใฏๅคช้™ฝใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:43
Dull.
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้ˆใ„ใ€‚
03:44
That's the opposite of bright, dull.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใ€้ˆใ„ใฎๅๅฏพใงใ™ใ€‚
03:47
You can also describe a day as, oh,ย  it was a dull day, not very bright.
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ใพใŸใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใ‚’ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใใ€้€€ๅฑˆใชๆ—ฅใ ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
So there wasn't a lot of sun.
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ใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ—ฅใŒๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
03:56
It was cloudy, maybe a little rainy.
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ๆ›‡ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:59
I think of the weather in London,ย  England when I think of Dull or Disney.
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้€€ๅฑˆใ‚„ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚บใƒ‹ใƒผใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใฎใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฎๅคฉๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:06
Let's talk about the sentence structure here.
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:08
Because notice this first sentence is youย  know that but in this sentence we have did.
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ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ‚„ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใชใฎใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:16
You know that when you add did, this isย  to form a question in the past simple.
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Did ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎ่ณชๅ•ใŒๅฝขๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
But in this case, because there is no did weย  know that this is a statement, not a question?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใฏใชใ็™บ่จ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
04:33
So this is being phrased as a statement.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฃฐๆ˜Žใจใ—ใฆ่กจ็พใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:36
You know that, but this is a question.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:40
Did you know that?
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็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
04:42
Let's review this example.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:44
You know that I'm an English teacher.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:47
This is a statement.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฃฐๆ˜Žใงใ™ใ€‚
04:50
But did you know that I'm also a piano teacher?
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใŒใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:54
So this is a question because Iย  know that this information is known,ย ย 
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏๆ—ข็Ÿฅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ณชๅ•ใจใ—ใฆ
05:00
so I'm not forming it as aย  question, it's a statement.
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ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ ๅฃฐๆ˜Žใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
But I don't know if this informationย  is known so it's a question.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใง่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:09
Now this is not true.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:11
I'm not a piano teacher, that would beย  really awesome if I were, but I'm not.
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็งใฏใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ† ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ใŒ็ถšใใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’
05:17
Is just an example to show you aย  statement followed by a question.
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็คบใ™ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ไพ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚
05:23
So you can use this to give aย  known fact, but then provideย ย 
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ ๆ—ข็Ÿฅใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ไผใˆใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€
05:28
additional information in the form of a question.
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่ณชๅ•ใฎๅฝขๅผใง่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:33
Let's continue.
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:35
The moon shines because its surfaceย  reflects light from the sun.
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ๆœˆใŒ่ผใใฎใฏใ€ๆœˆใฎ่กจ้ขใŒ ๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:40
So again here we have our verb shine and theย ย 
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉž Shine ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
05:43
subject is moon and that'sย  why you have this S on it.
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ไธป่ชžใฏ Moon ใชใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใฎ S ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:46
The moon shines, and despite the fact thatย  it sometimes seems to shine very brightly,ย ย 
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ๆœˆใฏ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€
05:54
the moon only reflects between 3 andย  12% of the sunlight that hits it.
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ๆœˆใฏ ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใฎ 3 ๏ฝž 12% ใ—ใ‹ๅๅฐ„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:01
Okay.
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06:01
So let's take a look at despite the fact that.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:06
Notice how we have this additional information,ย ย 
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ใ“ใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
06:09
the fact that this is only requiredย  grammatically to form a sentence.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฎใฟๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:16
When you have despite and then a clause.
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ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
06:20
A clause is simply a sentence.
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็ฏ€ใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:23
It has a subject and then aย  verb and other information.
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ไธป่ชžใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใซ
06:28
An object You can't say despiteย  it seems to shine brightly.
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ใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ไฝ•ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใชใ„็‰ฉไฝ“ ใ€‚
06:34
This is a mistake I see a lot from my students.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:38
You have to include these three wordsย  and they're only there for grammar.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใŸใ‚ใซใฎใฟๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:42
They don't have any meaning.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใฏไฝ•ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:45
Let's review these sentences.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹็›ดใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:46
This is the one I see fromย  students and it's incorrect.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใ‹ใ‚‰่žใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:51
Despite.
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06:51
I'm busy.
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ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€‚
็งใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:53
I'm busy.
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็งใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:54
Is a clause.
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ๆก้ …ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:56
We have a subject, a verb, andย  then other information despite.
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ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใใฎไป–ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใงใ™ใ€‚
07:01
I'm busy.
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็งใฏๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:02
I'll help you despite the fact thatย  because you have despite and a clause,ย ย 
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏใ€Œ ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใจใ€Œ็ฏ€ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
07:09
you need these three additional world words.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎไธ–็•Œใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:13
Despite the fact that I'm busy, I'll help you.
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ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:16
So this is the correct one.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:18
So remember that and theย  only purpose is grammatical.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:22
There's no meaning in those words,ย  so make sure you remember that.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๅฟ…ใš่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:26
Are you enjoying this lesson?
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:28
If you are, then I want to tell youย  about the Finally Fluent Academy.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ Finally Fluent Academy ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:33
This is my premium training program whereย  we study native English speakers from TV,ย ย 
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใƒŸใ‚ขใƒ  ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใ€ ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ€
07:39
the movies, YouTube, and the news so youย  can improve your listening skills of fastย ย 
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€YouTubeใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ ้€Ÿใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›
07:45
English, expand your vocabulary with naturalย  expressions, and learn advanced grammar easily.
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ใ€่‡ช็„ถใช่กจ็พใง่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ— ใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:52
Plus, you'll have me as your personal coach.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€็งใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฐ‚ๅฑžใ‚ณใƒผใƒใจใ—ใฆ่ฟŽใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ฉณ็ดฐใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใฎ
07:55
You can look in the descriptionย  for the link to learn more,ย ย 
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹
07:58
or you can go to my website andย  click on Finally, Fluent Academy.
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ใ‹ใ€็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ Final, Fluent Academyใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:03
Now let's continue with our lesson.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใ‹ใ‚‰
08:06
The perceived brightness of theย  moon from Earth depends on whereย ย 
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็Ÿฅ่ฆšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใฏใ€
08:12
the moon is in its orbit around the planet orbit.
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ๆœˆใŒๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿ่ปŒ้“ใฎใฉใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:16
This is used specifically in space and itย  just means a path, but a path in space.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็‰นใซๅฎ‡ๅฎ™ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นๅ†…ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:23
So the path that the moon follows.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœˆใŒใŸใฉใ‚‹้“ใ€‚
08:27
The moon travels once aroundย  Earth every 29.5 days,ย ย 
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ๆœˆใฏ 29.5 ๆ—ฅใ”ใจใซๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ 1 ๅ‘จใ—ใ€
08:34
and during its journey it's litย  from varying angles by the sun.
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ใใฎ็งปๅ‹•ไธญใซ ๅคช้™ฝใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ง’ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‰็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
08:40
In this case you could say orbit instead ofย  journey, because when you're on a journeyย ย 
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œๆ—…ใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œ่ปŒ้“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ๆ—…ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
08:44
you're following a specific path, andย  in this case the path is in space.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ็ตŒ่ทฏใ‚’ใŸใฉใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎ็ตŒ่ทฏใฏ็ฉบ้–“ๅ†…ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:49
So you could say orbit.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ปŒ้“ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:52
This movement of the moon around the Earth.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ›žใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎใ“ใฎๅ‹•ใใ€‚
08:56
Do you notice something here?
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ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใ‹ๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
08:58
The moon?
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ใƒ ใƒผใƒณ๏ผŸ
08:59
We talked about this, butย  I said that planets in ourย ย 
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ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€็ง ใŸใกใฎๅคช้™ฝ็ณปใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฏ็‰ฉๅ“ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
09:04
solar system don't take articles,ย  but right here we have the Earth.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏๅœฐ็ƒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:09
Now for the rest of this article you'llย  notice that sometimes the article saysย ย 
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ใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใฏใ€ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซๅœฐ็ƒใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
09:15
the Earth and sometimes the article says Earth.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:19
Why is that?
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ไฝ•ๆ•…ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:20
Without an article, Earth representsย  just a planet in our solar system.
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ๅ† ่ฉžใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใฏ ๅคช้™ฝ็ณปใฎๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:26
For example, Earth is theย  third planet from the sun.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใฏ ๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
09:30
When you add the article, it representsย  the planet we live on, our home planet.
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็งใŸใกใฎๆ•…้ƒทใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใ‚’่กจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:37
We need to protect the Earth in this sentence.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏๅœฐ็ƒใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:41
This movement of the moon around the Earth.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ›žใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎใ“ใฎๅ‹•ใใ€‚
09:45
You can think of it around the Earth, our homeย  planet and the simultaneous orbiting of Earth.
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็งใŸใกใฎๆ•…้ƒทใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅœฐ็ƒใฎ ๅ‘จใ‚Šใจใ€ๅŒๆ™‚ใซๅœฐ็ƒใ‚’ๅ‘จๅ›žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆง˜ๅญใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:53
Earth being just a planet inย  the solar system around the sun.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฏ ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎๅคช้™ฝ็ณปใฎๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚
09:58
Remember the sun and theย  moon always take articles.
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ๅคช้™ฝใจ ๆœˆใฏๅธธใซ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:04
If you're ever in doubt and you're confused,ย ย 
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็–‘ๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
10:07
I would say always add anย  article for the moon, the sun.
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ๅธธใซ ๆœˆใจๅคช้™ฝใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:14
But other planets don't take articlesย  because it is acceptable to just say Earth,ย ย 
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใงใฏๅ† ่ฉžใฏๅ—ใ‘ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ˜ใซๅœฐ็ƒใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚‚่จฑๅฎนใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€
10:22
but it's also acceptable to say the Earth.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚่จฑๅฎนใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:25
But it sounds odd to say the Mars andย  add the in front of other planets.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ซๆ˜Ÿใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€ ไป–ใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฎๅ‰ใซ ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
10:32
So just remember that accountsย  for the moon's different phases,ย ย 
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœˆใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไฝ็›ธใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:40
so the different phases of the moon.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœˆใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไฝ็›ธใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:42
That is the shape of the moon when youย  look at it, when you see the full orb.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœˆใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใ€ใคใพใ‚ŠๅฎŒๅ…จใช็ƒไฝ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใฎๆœˆใฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใ€
10:48
Remember an orb is a roundย  shape when you see the full orb.
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ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใฏไธธใ„ๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
10:52
We of course call that a full moon.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆบ€ๆœˆใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚
10:55
Oh wow, look, there's a full moon tonight.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ไปŠๅคœใฏๆบ€ๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚
10:59
1/4 Moon is when you just see 1/4 of theย  moon, and then they have other phases, etc.
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1/4 ๆœˆใจใฏใ€ๆœˆใฎ 1/4 ใ ใ‘ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆ ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใฏไป–ใฎไฝ็›ธใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:07
At any given point in the Moon's trajectory,ย  trajectory is the path that the moon is followingย ย 
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ๆœˆใฎ่ปŒ้“ใฎไปปๆ„ใฎ็‚นใงใ€ ่ปŒ้“ใฏๆœˆใŒใŸใฉใ‚‹็ตŒ่ทฏใงใ™ใ€‚
11:16
the Moon's trajectory at any given pointย  in the Moon's trajectory around the Earth.
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ไปปๆ„ใฎ็‚นใงใฎๆœˆใฎ่ปŒ้“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ›žใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎ่ปŒ้“ไธŠใ€‚
11:23
Now, I'll be honest, I think in this case itย  doesn't necessarily represent our home planet,ย ย 
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚็งใŸใกใฎๆ•…้ƒทใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:31
and I'm not sure why the article isย  switching between the Earth and Earth.
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ใพใŸใ€ใชใœ่จ˜ไบ‹ใŒ ๅœฐ็ƒใจๅœฐ็ƒใฎ้–“ใงๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:37
I find it a little confusing because in my mind,ย ย 
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็งใฎๅฟƒใฎไธญใงใฏใ€
11:41
in this case it sounds like we're justย  talking about a planet in the solar system.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ˜ใซ ๅคช้™ฝ็ณปใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:46
We're not necessarily talkingย  about our home planet.
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็งใŸใกใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๆ•…้ƒทใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
11:50
So if you're a little confused why at this exactย  moment they chose to use the Earth, and in thisย ย 
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใชใœใ“ใฎ ็žฌ้–“ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅœฐ็ƒใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—
11:56
case they didn't, I also don't find it followsย  a lot of logic, so don't let that confuse you.
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ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅคšใใฎ่ซ–็†ใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใฎใงใ€ ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ›žใ‚‹
12:05
At any given point in the Moon'sย  trajectory around the Earth,ย ย 
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ๆœˆใฎ่ปŒ้“ไธŠใฎไปปๆ„ใฎ็‚นใงใฏ ใ€ๆœˆใฎ
12:08
only half of its surface is facing the Sun,ย  and therefore only half of the Moon is lit up.
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่กจ้ขใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใŒๅคช้™ฝใซ้ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœˆใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใŒ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
12:17
In this case, because it'sย  lit up, it means it's visible.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:21
Is visible because there is now light on it.
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ๅ…‰ใŒๅฝ“ใŸใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
12:24
So only half of the moon is visible,ย  only half of the moon is lit up.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœˆใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ€ ๆœˆใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใŒ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
12:30
The other half of the surface facesย  away from the sun and is in shadow.
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่กจ้ขใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใฏ ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅๅฏพๅดใ‚’ๅ‘ใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅฝฑใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:36
Because it's in shadow, it means you can't see it.
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ๅฝฑใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
12:39
To you it's invisible because it's not lit up,ย ย 
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใใ‚Œใฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใง่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:43
although it is the same shape of course in theย  sky, you just can't see a specific part of it.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“็ฉบใงใฏๅŒใ˜ๅฝขใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
12:51
The moon is at its brightest whenย  it is 180 degrees away from the sun.
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ๆœˆใฏ ๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ 180 ๅบฆ้›ขใ‚ŒใŸใจใใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:57
From our perspective, picture the Sun,ย  earth and Moon in a straight line.
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็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅคช้™ฝใ€ ๅœฐ็ƒใ€ๆœˆใŒไธ€็›ด็ทšใซไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆง˜ๅญใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:05
So when you picture they want you to imagine it.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ตตใ‚’ๆใใจใใ€โ€‹โ€‹ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:08
So the Sun, earth, moon, all in a straight line.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅคช้™ฝใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใ€ๆœˆใฏใ™ในใฆไธ€็›ด็ทšใซไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:12
Sun, Earth, Moon.
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ๅคช้™ฝใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใ€ๆœˆใ€‚
13:14
That is when it's the brightest.
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ใใฎๆ™‚ใŒไธ€็•ชๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:18
This time, the full half of the moon'sย  surface facing the sun is illuminated.
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ€ ๅคช้™ฝใซ้ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎ่กจ้ขใฎๅŠๅˆ†ๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
13:24
Illuminate is when you makeย  something brighter with light.
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็…งใ‚‰ใ™ใ€ใจใฏใ€ ๅ…‰ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:28
So we use this a lot inย  festivals, holidays, parties.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒใƒซใ€ไผ‘ๆ—ฅใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:32
You could say the streets were illuminated.
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่ก—่ทฏใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใฃใŸใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
13:35
In this case to be illuminated, theย  streets were illuminated for the festival.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ็ฅญใ‚ŠใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่ก—่ทฏใŒใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
13:41
So I imagine walking down the street andย  there are lots and lots of lights hanging.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€้€šใ‚Šใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ็…งๆ˜ŽใŒใถใ‚‰ไธ‹ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:47
So even if it's night time, the streetsย  are still bright because of the lights,ย ย 
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใŸใจใˆๅคœ้–“ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€่ก—็ฏใŒ
13:53
because the streets were illuminated.
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็ฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ก—ใฏใพใ ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:56
Let's continue.
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
13:58
This is what's known as a full moon.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆบ€ๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚
14:02
I'm sure you're familiar with a fullย  moon when the entire moon is visible.
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ๆœˆๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๆบ€ๆœˆใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
14:09
Personally, I think my favorite moon isย  the Crescent moon shape because I findย ย 
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใซใ€็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๆœˆใฏไธ‰ๆ—ฅๆœˆใฎๅฝขใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๆœˆใŒ
14:14
it looks so magical in the sky,ย  this little sliver of the moon.
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็ฉบใซๆตฎใ‹ใถใจใจใฆใ‚‚้ญ”ๆณ•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚
14:20
So what about you?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:21
Are you more of a full moon?
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ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ๆบ€ๆœˆใฃใฝใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:23
A Crescent moon?
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ไธ‰ๆ—ฅๆœˆ๏ผŸ
14:24
Put that in the comment.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:25
You could just put the emoji orย  you can put the full word as well.
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็ตตๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€ ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:30
I'm sure probably more people want the full moon,ย ย 
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆบ€ๆœˆใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚€ไบบใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅคšใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
14:32
but who knows, maybe other peopleย  like the Crescent moon just like me.
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ใŒใ€็งใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธ‰ๆ—ฅๆœˆใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
14:36
So put that in the comments.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:38
OK, At New Moon, on the other hand, thisย  is a stage of the Moon called New Moon.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ๆ–ฐๆœˆใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆ–ฐๆœˆใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎๆฎต้šŽใงใ™ใ€‚
14:45
At New Moon, on the other hand,ย ย 
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ๆ–ฐๆœˆใงใฏใ€
14:47
the Moon isn't even visible from ourย  vantage point, our vantage point.
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ๆœˆใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ ่ฆ–็‚นใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๆœˆใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
14:52
This is another way of saying our perspective,ย  because of course the moon is visible.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ ใ€‚
14:59
It's visible in the sky, but we can'tย  see it because of our perspective.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฉบใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใฎใ›ใ„ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:05
Where we physically are and the angleย  at which we're trying to see it.
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็งใŸใกใŒ็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹่ง’ๅบฆใ€‚
15:11
It's impossible, but it's still there.
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ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:14
Of course, this is when the moonย  is between the sun and the Earth,ย ย 
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆœˆใŒ ๅคช้™ฝใจๅœฐ็ƒใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใ‚’
15:21
so that the side of the moon reflectingย  sunlight is facing away from Earth.
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ๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎ้ขใŒ ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅๅฏพๅดใ‚’ๅ‘ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
15:28
And this is the reason why we can't see theย  moon when it's in the moon phase, new moon.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ ๆœˆ็›ธใ€ๆ–ฐๆœˆใฎใจใใซๆœˆใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
15:36
So if my hands were people, rightย  now they're facing each other.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฎๆ‰‹ใŒไบบ้–“ใ ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ‘ใ‹ใ„ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:41
They're facing each other.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ‘ใ‹ใ„ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:44
Now this person is facing away from this person,ย  facing each other, facing away from this person.
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ไปŠใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใฏใ“ใฎไบบใ‹ใ‚‰่ƒŒใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใ€ ๅ‘ใ‹ใ„ๅˆใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใ‹ใ‚‰่ƒŒใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:56
Let's continue.
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐๆœˆใฎ
15:57
In the days before and after aย  new moon, we'll see a sliver.
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ๅ‰ๅพŒๆ•ฐๆ—ฅ้–“ใซใฏ ใ€ๅฐใ•ใชๅ…‰ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
16:03
I used this word before when Iย  was describing Crescent moon.
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ไปฅๅ‰ใ€ไธ‰ๆ—ฅๆœˆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
16:07
A sliver is a very small amount,ย  so let's look at this example.
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ใ‚นใƒฉใ‚คใƒใƒผใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฐ‘้‡ใช ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:14
Would you like some cake?
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
16:16
So you have a whole cake and someoneย  can say just a sliver, A sliver.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œใปใ‚“ใฎๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใ€ใ€Œใปใ‚“ใฎ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
16:21
So they're telling you justย  a very small amount of cake.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ”ใๅฐ‘้‡ใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ—ใ‹ๆไพ›ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
16:25
So not even a normal portion of cake, justย  a sliver, a small amount of that cake.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฎ้€šๅธธใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ•ใˆใ€ใปใ‚“ใฎ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ€ใใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฎๅฐ‘้‡ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:33
In the days before and after a new moon, we'llย  see a sliver of the moon reflecting sunlight,ย ย 
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ๆ–ฐๆœˆใฎๅ‰ๅพŒๆ•ฐๆ—ฅ้–“ใซใฏใ€ ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎไธ€้ƒจใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€
16:39
and during those times, the faintย  brightness of the rest of the moon.
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ใใฎ้–“ใ€ ๆœˆใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใชๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
16:45
Let's talk about faint.
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ๅคฑ็ฅžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
16:47
Faint means not strong, notย  clear, so faint brightness.
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ใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใชใจใฏใ€ๅผทใใชใ„ใ€ใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„ ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใชๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:53
The brightness was not veryย  strong, not very clear.
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š ๅผทใใชใใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š้ฎฎๆ˜Žใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
16:56
So let's imagine that the colorย  is this bright, bright red.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่‰ฒใŒ ใ“ใฎๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„ใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„่ตคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:01
But all you see is this color.
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ใงใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใฎ่‰ฒใ ใ‘ใ€‚
17:04
You would say, oh, the color is very faint.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€่‰ฒใŒใจใฆใ‚‚่–„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
17:07
It's supposed to be bright red.
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็œŸใฃ่ตคใซใชใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚
17:10
But this is all I see.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
17:12
The color is very faint, not strong, not clear.
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่‰ฒใฏ้žๅธธใซ่–„ใใ€ๅผทใใฏใชใใ€้€ๆ˜Žใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:16
We also have a very commonย  expression using this word, faint.
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ใพใŸใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใชใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
17:21
I haven't the faintest idea.
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็งใซใฏใพใฃใŸใๆ€ใ„ใคใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:24
I haven't the faintest idea.
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็งใซใฏใพใฃใŸใๆ€ใ„ใคใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:26
This means I have no idea.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:29
So if someone asks you how largeย  is the moon, you could say, oh,ย ย 
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆœˆใฎๅคงใใ•ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€
17:36
I haven't the faintest idea because I don't know.
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็งใซใฏใพใฃใŸใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใชใœใชใ‚‰ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
17:40
I have no idea, I haven't the faintest idea.
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ใพใฃใŸใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใพใฃใŸใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
17:45
Very common expression.
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้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
17:47
The faint brightness of the rest of theย  moon, the part not brightly lit as a sliver.
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ๆœˆใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใชๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ• ใ€่–„็‰‡ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€‚
17:54
Remember, the sliver is The small amount of isย  a result of what scientists call earthshine.
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใฎใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใช้‡ใฏใ€ ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŒๅœฐ็ƒ็…งๅบฆใจๅ‘ผใถใ‚‚ใฎใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚
18:01
I've never heard this before.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏไปŠใพใง่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:03
It's the technical term in which the moon'sย  relatively dark disc is slightly illuminated.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆœˆใฎ ๆฏ”่ผƒ็š„ๆš—ใ„ๅ††็›คใŒใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅฐ‚้–€็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
18:12
Remember, we know what illuminated is when it'sย ย 
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅ…‰ใฎใ›ใ„ใงๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใฃใŸใจใใ€็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
18:15
becomes brighter because of lightย  and slightly means a small amount.
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ใ‚ใšใ‹ใจใฏๅฐ‘้‡ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
18:23
You could also say faintlyย  illuminated because it wouldย ย 
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18:27
be not strong or not clear,ย  so I'll write that for you.
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ๅผทใใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚
18:30
You could say faintly, faintlyย  illuminated, slightly illuminatedย ย 
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18:37
by sunlight that reflects off of Earth,ย  then off the moon and back to our eyes.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅๅฐ„ใ—ใฆๆœˆใ‹ใ‚‰ ็งใŸใกใฎ็›ฎใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใซใ€ใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
18:45
So this is the process of earth shine.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅœฐ็ƒใฎ่ผใใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
18:48
I've never heard that before.
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ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใพใง่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ
18:49
So if you don't quite understandย  what this means, don't worry.
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ใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใงใใชใใฆใ‚‚ ใ€ๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:52
It's quite a technical term.
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ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅฐ‚้–€็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใญใ€‚
18:54
I personally don't quite understand itย  either, so we could say together, oh,ย ย 
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็ง่‡ช่บซใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚ใ€
18:59
I haven't the faintest idea what earth shine is.
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ใ‚ขใƒผใ‚นใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚คใƒณใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ใพใฃใŸใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
19:04
If I read this a more a few more times and thinkย  about it, I'm sure it will become clearer to me.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใจไฝ•ๅ›žใ‹่ชญใ‚“ใง่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ใใฃใจใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:11
But right now I can say I haven't theย  faintest idea what earth shine is.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็งใฏใ‚ขใƒผใ‚นใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚คใƒณใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ๅ…จใ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
19:17
And that's the end of our article.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
19:20
So what I'll do now is I'll readย  the article from start to finishย ย 
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
19:24
and this time you can focus on my pronunciation.
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏ็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
19:27
Let's do that now.
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ไปŠใ™ใใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
19:29
Why does the moon shine?
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ใชใœๆœˆใฏ่ผใใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ่ผใ้šฃไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
19:31
You know that Earth would be a dismal placeย  without its bright shining neighbor, the sun.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฏๆ‚ฒๆƒจใชๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
19:38
But did you know that the moon would also beย  just another dull orb if not for the sun's rays?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ…‰ใŒใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆœˆใ‚‚ใŸใ ใฎ้ˆใ„็ƒไฝ“ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ™ใ‹?
19:44
The moon shines because itsย  surface reflects light fromย ย 
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ๆœˆใŒ่ผใใฎใฏใ€ใใฎ ่กจ้ขใŒๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™
19:47
the sun, and despite the fact that itย  sometimes seems to shine very brightly,ย ย 
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ใ€‚ๆœˆใŒ ้žๅธธใซๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ่ผใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
19:52
the moon reflects only between 3 andย  12% of the sunlight that hits it.
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ๆœˆใฏ ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใฎ 3 ๏ฝž 12% ใ—ใ‹ๅๅฐ„ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใ‹ใ‚‰
19:59
The perceived brightness of theย  moon from Earth depends on whereย ย 
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็Ÿฅ่ฆšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใฏใ€
20:03
the moon is in its orbit around the planet.
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ๆœˆใŒๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎ่ปŒ้“ไธŠใฎใฉใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:06
The moon travels once aroundย  Earth every 29.5 days,ย ย 
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ๆœˆใฏ 29.5 ๆ—ฅใ”ใจใซๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ 1 ๅ‘จใ—ใ€ใใฎ
20:11
and during his journey it's litย  from varying angles by the sun.
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็งปๅ‹•ไธญใซ ๅคช้™ฝใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ง’ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‰็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
20:16
This movement of the moon around theย  Earth and the simultaneous orbitingย ย 
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ใ“ใฎๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใฎๆœˆใฎๅ‹•ใ ใจใ€ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ
20:21
of Earth around the sun accountsย  for the moon's different phases.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใŒๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ…ฌ่ปขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ ๆœˆใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชไฝ็›ธใŒ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
20:25
Full moon, quarter moon, etcetera.
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ๆบ€ๆœˆใ€ๅ››ๅˆ†ใฎไธ€ใฎๆœˆใชใฉใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ›žใ‚‹
20:28
At any given point in the Moon'sย  trajectory around the Earth,ย ย 
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ๆœˆใฎ่ปŒ้“ไธŠใฎไปปๆ„ใฎ็‚นใงใฏ ใ€ๆœˆใฎ
20:32
only half of its surface is facing the Sun,ย  and therefore only half of the moon is lit up.
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่กจ้ขใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใŒๅคช้™ฝใซ้ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœˆใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใŒ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
20:38
The other half of the surface facesย  away from the Sun and is in shadow.
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่กจ้ขใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใฏๅคช้™ฝใฎๅๅฏพๅดใ‚’ๅ‘ใ„ใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€ๅฝฑใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
20:44
The moon is at its brightest whenย  it is 180 degrees away from the sun.
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ๆœˆใฏ ๅคช้™ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ 180 ๅบฆ้›ขใ‚ŒใŸใจใใซๆœ€ใ‚‚ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:49
From our perspective, picture the Sun,ย  Earth and Moon in a straight line.
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็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅคช้™ฝใ€ ๅœฐ็ƒใ€ๆœˆใŒไธ€็›ด็ทšใซไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๆง˜ๅญใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:54
At this time, the full halfย  of the moon surface facingย ย 
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ใ“ใฎใจใใ€ๅคช้™ฝใซ ้ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎ่กจ้ขใฎๅŠๅˆ†ๅ…จไฝ“ใŒ
20:58
the Sun is illuminated and is visible from Earth.
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็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใ‹ใ‚‰่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹
21:01
This is what's known as a full moon at New Moon.
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ๆ–ฐๆœˆๆบ€ๆœˆใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
21:06
On the other hand, the moon isn'tย  even visible from our vantage point.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ๆœˆใฏ ็งใŸใกใฎ่ฆ–็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:11
This is when the moon isย  between the sun and the Earth,ย ย 
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆœˆใŒ ๅคช้™ฝใจๅœฐ็ƒใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใ‚’
21:15
so that the side of the moon reflectingย  sunlight is facing away from Earth.
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ๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎ้ขใŒ ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅๅฏพๅดใ‚’ๅ‘ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
21:20
In the days before and after a new moon, we'llย  see a sliver of the moon reflecting sunlight.
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ๆ–ฐๆœˆใฎๅ‰ๅพŒๆ•ฐๆ—ฅ้–“ใซใฏใ€ ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใ‚’ๅๅฐ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœˆใฎๆ–ญ็‰‡ใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
21:26
And during those times, the faintย  brightness of the rest of the moon.
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ใใ—ใฆใใฎใจใใ€ ๆœˆใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎใ‹ใ™ใ‹ใชๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ•ใ€‚
21:30
The part not brightly lit as a sliver is aย  result of what scientists call earthshine,ย ย 
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่–„็‰‡ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ€ ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŒๅœฐ็ƒ็…งใจๅ‘ผใถใ‚‚ใฎใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
21:37
in which the moon's relatively dark diskย  is slightly illuminated by sunlight thatย ย 
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ๆœˆใฎๆฏ”่ผƒ็š„ๆš—ใ„ๅ††็›คใŒ ๅคช้™ฝๅ…‰ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ็…งใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใใฎๅ…‰ใŒ
21:43
reflects off of Earth, then offย  the moon and back to our eyes.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใงๅๅฐ„ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒ ๆœˆใงๅๅฐ„ใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฎ็›ฎใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:48
Did you enjoy this lesson?
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’
21:50
Do you want me to make moreย  lessons just like this?
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจไฝœใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
21:53
If you do, then put New Moon in the comments.
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซNew Moonใจๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
21:57
Put new Moon, New Moon, New Moon in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ–ฐๆœˆใ€ๆ–ฐๆœˆใ€ๆ–ฐๆœˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
22:01
So I know you want more lessons justย  like this and you can get this freeย ย 
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใŠๆœ›ใฟใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆตๆšขใ‹ใค่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ
22:05
speaking guide where I share 6 tips on howย  to speak English fluently and confidently.
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6 ใคใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚’็„กๆ–™ใงๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
22:10
You can click here to download it orย  look for the link in the description,ย ย 
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ใ“ใ“ใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ่ชฌๆ˜Žๅ†…ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
22:14
and you can keep improving yourย  vocabulary with this lesson right now.
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ไปŠใ™ใใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง่ชžๅฝ™ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ‘ไธŠใ•ใ›็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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