4 Hours of English Vocabulary - ALL YOU NEED FOR FLUENT ENGLISH

144,153 views ใƒป 2023-06-20

JForrest English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
First, let's review the difference between still, yet and already. Let's start off with
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ใพใšใ€ stillใ€yetใ€ready ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:07
already. We use already to talk about something that has happened or may have happened. So
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ใ™ใงใซๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ™ใงใซ ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซใ€Œใ™ใงใซใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใง
00:18
think about the verb tenses. We're talking about the past.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:23
And your verb tenses are going to be the past simple or the present perfect. For example,
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ใใ—ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏ้ŽๅŽป ๅฝขใ‹็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ
00:32
I could say I already ate. I already ate. Of course, that action took place in the past.
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ใ‚‚ใ†้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่กŒ็‚บใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซใ‚‚่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:42
Now you could invite me to the movies, and I could say I've already seen that movie.
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ใ•ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใ‚’ๆ˜ ็”ปใซ่ช˜ใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†่ฆ‹ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:50
Present Perfect. I've already seen that movie and of course it was in the past that I saw
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ™ใงใซใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆณใพใ—ใŸใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆณใŸใฎใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใงใ™
00:58
that movie. Now notice for the placement of already it's generally placed before the main
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ™ใงใซ ใฎ้…็ฝฎใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซ้…็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
01:06
verb. So now it's your turn. Pause the video and put a sentence using already in the past
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ— ใ€ใ™ใงใซ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๆ–‡ใ‚’ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
01:15
Simple and the present Perfect in the comments below.
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ใ€‚
01:19
Now let's talk about yet. We generally use yet in a question form or a negative sentence,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ yet ใฏ็–‘ๅ•ๅฝขใพใŸใฏๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€
01:29
and your verb tense is going to be the present perfect as a question. You're asking a question
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏ ็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
01:37
about the past, so I could ask, Have you eaten yet? Have you eaten yet?
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ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ†้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
01:44
And of course, if you want to answer yes, you would use. Which one? Yes, I've already
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚Œ๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†
01:53
eaten. Now we can combine a question and the reply could be in the negative, so they could
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้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใ€ใใฎ ่ฟ”็ญ”ใŒๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
02:01
both use yet, for example. I could ask you, have you decided yet?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ใ€Œใพใ ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠ่žใใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ๆฑบใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
02:08
And your answer in the negative would be no, I haven't decided yet. Now notice the placement
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ ใพใ ๆฑบใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ Yet ใฎ้…็ฝฎใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:18
of yet we put it after the main verb, so it's generally at the end of your sentence.
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ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซ้…็ฝฎใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ้€šๅธธใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:26
All right. So now why don't you try a question with yet and then a reply to that question
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€yet ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่ฟ”็ญ”ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
02:34
and your reply will be in the negative as well. So put those two examples in the comments.
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่ฟ”็ญ”ใ‚‚ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:41
Now let's talk about still we use still to talk about an action that started in the past
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒซใฏใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Š
02:49
and continues until now.
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็พๅœจใพใง็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:51
Your.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€‚
02:52
Birth tenses are generally going to be the present simple or the present continuous.
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่ช•็”Ÿๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใพใŸใฏ็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:01
For example, I could say I'm still going to the party. So keep in mind I made a decision
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏใพใ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใฏ
03:10
to go to the party maybe last week. OK, I said I'm going to the party.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚“ใ ใ€‚
03:16
Now, maybe the weather is really bad today, so a lot of people aren't going to the party
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅคฉๆฐ—ใŒ้žๅธธใซๆ‚ชใ„ ใฎใงใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒใ‚‚ใ†ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
03:23
anymore, but I want to confirm that this action that happened in the past, my decision, it
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ใŒใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ€็งใฎๆฑบๅฎšใŒ
03:31
still applies now. So I can say I'm still going to the party, I'm still going to the
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ไปŠใงใ‚‚้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใพใ  ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใ€ใพใ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
03:39
party.
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ใ€‚
03:40
Now, we use this with routines a lot, which is why you'll hear it in the present Simple.
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็พๅœจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ ็พๅœจใฎ Simple ใงใ“ใฎใƒ•ใƒฌใƒผใ‚บใŒ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚
03:46
For example, I could say I still go to the gym every.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏไปŠใงใ‚‚ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ‚ธใƒ ใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
03:52
Day.
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ๆ—ฅใ€‚
03:53
So I started going to the gym every day in the past, maybe a month ago. So my friend
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ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏ ้ŽๅŽปใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ1ใ‹ๆœˆๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ‚ธใƒ ใซ้€šใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
04:00
who I haven't seen in a while wants to know if I still go to the gym and I could say yeah,
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ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใไผšใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๅ‹ไบบใŒใ€ ็งใŒใพใ ใ‚ธใƒ ใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใŸใฎใงใ€็งใฏใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ไปŠ
04:06
I still go to the gym every day.
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ใงใ‚‚ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ‚ธใƒ ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:11
Now notice the placement of. Still, just like with already, we're going to put it before
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใฎ้…็ฝฎใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ™ใงใซใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ใƒกใ‚คใƒณๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™
04:18
the main verb. And you know what to do. Now it's your turn to practice. So why don't you
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
04:23
try a sentence in the present? Simple and present continues. And put those in the comments
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ไปŠใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚ŠใชใŒใ‚‰ ไปŠใŒ็ถšใใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
04:29
below. Amazing job. Now let's review the difference between do.
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ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€do ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
04:35
And make I hear lots of mistakes, even from advanced students with these two. And they'll
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎไธŠ็ดš่€…ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“่žใใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:42
be a quiz at the end of this section to make sure you really know how to use.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใฏใ€ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
04:48
Do.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
04:49
And make Now let me give you an example sentence. Last night I the dishes and I dinner, OK?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๅคœใฏ็งใŒๆ–™็†ใ‚’ใ—ใฆๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
05:00
In this case, what do we need? Do we need do? Do we need make? Put it in the comments
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ•ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใƒกใ‚คใ‚ฏใฏๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
05:07
below. What do you think we need? Well, first of all, you need to remember that regardless
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใซใฏไฝ•ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ ใซใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅŸบๆบ–ใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:13
of which one, you use their verbs, so you have to conjugate them according to your time
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05:19
reference. So my time reference is last night, so I know I'm talking in the past, so I need
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฎๆ™‚้–“ๅŸบๆบ–ใฏๆ˜จๅคœใชใฎใงใ€ ็งใŒ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
05:26
to conjugate my verbs in the past.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:28
Last night I did the dishes and I made dinner. Did you get them right? Now let's talk about
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ๆ˜จๅคœใฏ้ฃŸๅ™จๆด—ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃใงใใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ๆฌกใซใ€
05:39
the rules of when you use do and make. First of all, let me give you a tip. So remember
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do ใจ make ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
05:46
this. If we're talking about an action in general, we use.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๅ…จ่ˆฌใซโ€‹โ€‹ใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:52
Do.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
05:53
If we're talking about producing something, we use make. So that's a general tip you can
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็”Ÿ็”ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ make ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใงใ™
06:03
follow, but just keep in mind there are specific expressions that require one or the other,
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ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ ไธ€ๆ–นใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ™ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎ่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
06:11
so you need to keep those in mind as well. So first, let's talk about these general rules.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚‚่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:17
Let's talk about when you use do.
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do ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
06:19
We use do with work, chores and tasks. This is one I commonly see students confused because
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็งใŸใกใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ€ๅฎถไบ‹ใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ do ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็งใŒๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจๅคšใใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚’่žใใฎใงใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใพใ™
06:28
I hear a lot of students say I made my homework, I made my homework. But you don't make homework,
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ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ๅฎฟ้กŒใฏใ—ใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™
06:39
OK?
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:40
You do?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
06:41
Homework.
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใ€‚
06:42
You do?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
06:43
A job You do chores you do a task. We use the verb do.
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ไป•ไบ‹ ้›‘็”จใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ doใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:50
Now we also use DO with an unspecified activity, and you're probably very familiar with the
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็พๅœจใ€ไธ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ DO ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ€Œ
06:56
question What are you doing tonight? What are you doing right now? It's a general question.
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ไปŠๅคœไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไปŠใชใซใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:03
I'm not asking about a specific activity. We use DO. What are you doing tonight?
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ DOใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๅคœใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
07:09
Now, we also use do a lot when we replace a verb if the meaning is clear. So in my original
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใชๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚‚ do ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ
07:20
example, I said last night I did the dishes, do the dishes. But there's another verb that
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ไพ‹ใงใ€็งใฏๆ˜จๅคœใ€็šฟๆด—ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€ ็šฟๆด—ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
07:30
we can use. You can wash the dishes.
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ใ€‚ ้ฃŸๅ™จใ‚’ๆด—ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:35
Now, because the meaning is clear, I can replace the verb wash with do. That might be a little
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใชใฎใงใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉž wash ใ‚’ do ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:44
more of an advanced thing for you to understand, but just for now, remember this expression.
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็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅ†…ๅฎนใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:52
You do?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
07:53
The dishes. So you've already just added one natural expression to your vocabulary. Because
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ๆ–™็†ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ™ใงใซ ่‡ช็„ถใช่กจ็พใ‚’ 1 ใคใ ใ‘่ชžๅฝ™ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:59
a native English speaker, we're not really going to say wash the dishes, we say do the
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹็งใŸใกใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ†ใจใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใšใ€็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ†ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
08:05
dishes.
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ใ€‚
08:06
So now let's talk about make. Remember, we use make when you're producing something.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€make ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ make ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
08:13
So anything that was produced, designed, developed or constructed, we could use make. For example,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็”Ÿ็”ฃใ€่จญ่จˆใ€้–‹็™บใ€ ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆใ€make ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
08:22
I could say this tshirt was made in China.
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ใ“ใฎ T ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใฏไธญๅ›ฝใงไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
08:27
Now we also use make, specifically with food, drinks and meals. And that's why I said last
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็พๅœจใงใฏใ€็‰นใซ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ€้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใ€้ฃŸไบ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ make ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงๆ˜จๅคœ
08:36
night I made dinner. Can you make me a snack? Can you make me a smoothie? A beverage? Can
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ๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใŠใ‚„ใคใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚นใƒ ใƒผใ‚ธใƒผใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉ๏ผŸ
08:44
you make me a cup of coffee?
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’ไธ€ๆฏใ„ใ‚Œใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:47
We also use make when you produce an action or a reaction from someone. For example, I
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ใพใŸใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„ใƒชใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’็”Ÿๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚‚ make ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
08:54
could watch a movie and I could say, oh wow, that movie made me, made me really sad. That
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใง็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ‚ฒใ—ใใชใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใฎ
09:02
movie made me really sad. It produced a reaction within me. Traffic makes me so angry. That's
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฏ็งใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ‚ฒใ—ใใ•ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎไธญใงๅๅฟœใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ไบค้€šๆธ‹ๆปžใฏ็งใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
09:13
something that a lot of people say, right?
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ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
09:15
Here's a good one. We use make with plans and decisions. So think of a plan could be,
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ใ“ใ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่จˆ็”ปใ‚„ๆฑบๅฎšใซใฏ make ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:22
for example, making a dinner reservation and with decision you make a decision. So I could
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒŠใƒผใฎไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ๆฑบๆ–ญใ‚’ ไธ‹ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จˆ็”ปใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใŠ่žใใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒ
09:30
ask you, have you made a decision yet? Have you made a decision yet?
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ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๆฑบๆ–ญใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ†ๆฑบๆ–ญใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
09:35
Now finally, we use make when you produce sounds. For example, I could say my microphone
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’็”Ÿๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ make ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚‰
09:45
made a really weird buzzing noise, or I could say my lights are making this really high
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้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชใƒ–ใƒผใƒณใจใ„ใ†ใƒŽใ‚คใ‚บใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใŒ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒ”ใƒƒใƒใฎใƒŽใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
09:53
pitched noise. We can also use it with any sort of verbal sound, for example at the end
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใชใฉใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎ้Ÿณๅฃฐใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
10:00
of a presentation.
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ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒๆธฉๆš–ๅŒ–ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹
10:02
I could say I really like that comment you made about global warming. So you make a comment
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
10:11
because that's a sound you produce. Now let's talk about some general expressions that use
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™้Ÿณใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™
10:17
either.
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ใ€‚
10:18
Do.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
10:19
Or make remember expressions in English. You just have to memorize them. So just put these
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ใพใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงๆธˆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰
10:26
ones into your vocabulary, write them down and make sure you understand if they use do.
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ใ‚’่ชžๅฝ™ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ€ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใ€ do ใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
10:32
Or make so our first one.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:35
You do?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹๏ผŸ
10:36
Someone a favor. So this is a very common expression I could say. Oh, I have a lot of
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่ชฐใ‹ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
10:42
homework.
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ใ€‚
10:43
To.
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ใซใ€‚
10:44
Do remember you do homework or I have a lot of chores to do. You do chores, you do work.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„้›‘ไบ‹ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎถไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:51
I have a lot of chores to do. Can you do me a favor and make?
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ในใใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใฆไฝœใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
10:57
The.
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ใ€‚
10:58
Dinner reservation.
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒŠใƒผใฎไบˆ็ด„ใ€‚
11:00
So notice I use do and make in that sentence. Can you do me a favor and make the dinner
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏ do ใจ make ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใชใฎใงใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒŠใƒผใฎไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹
11:08
reservation? Because remember, we use make with plans and arrangements and decisions,
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๏ผŸ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ ่จˆ็”ปใ€ๆ‰‹้…ใ€ๆฑบๅฎšใซใฏ make ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
11:14
but we're using do, do someone a favor. Think of that just as an expression. Do someone
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ใŒใ€doใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใใพใง่กจ็พใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใซใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
11:22
a favor. So can you do me a favor? Hopefully you said yes.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:27
Now, I'm sure you're already familiar with this expression, but I'll share it anyway.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใฏใ™ใงใซใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:32
And that's what do you do? What do you do? What do you do for a living? But most of the
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ทๆฅญใฏใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใ‚“ใชใŠไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‰ใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ
11:40
time we don't include for a living and we simply say, what do you do? And of course
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็”Ÿ่จˆใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใ€ ๅ˜ใซใ€Œไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
11:46
I'm asking you about your job. And we use.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใŠ่žใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็งใŸใกใฏไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:49
Do.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
11:50
Now interestingly we have another expression which is make.
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่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€make ใจใ„ใ†ๅˆฅใฎ่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
11:56
A living to make a living. Now, when you make a living by doing something, it means that's
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็”Ÿ่จˆใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็”Ÿ่จˆใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆ็”Ÿ่จˆใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
12:05
your primary source of income. So I could say I make a living by doing YouTube videos.
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ไธปใชๅŽๅ…ฅๆบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ็งใฏ YouTube ๅ‹•็”ปใง็”Ÿ่จˆใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
12:15
That's my primary source of income. That's how I make a living. So somebody could ask
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎไธปใชๅŽๅ…ฅๆบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ‚„ใฃ ใฆ็”Ÿ่จˆใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง่ชฐใ‹ใŒ
12:21
me what do you do?
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็งใซใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจ่žใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:23
I'm a YouTube. Well, how do you make a living? Because they might be asking me OK, but how
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็งใฏ YouTube ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็”Ÿ่จˆใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ ใฃใฆใ€OKใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‘ใฉใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ
12:30
do you make money? And of course I would say I make a living by recording YouTube videos.
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใใฎ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ็งใฏ YouTube ๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’้Œฒ็”ปใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง็”Ÿ่จˆใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:36
That's how I make a living. Now of course you also make money S You make a living which
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ใใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็”Ÿ่จˆใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใ„ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚S ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠ้‡‘ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹็”Ÿ่จˆใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ„ใพใ™
12:43
is related to money. And then also you make money S again. Somebody could ask me what
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใพใŸ ใŠ้‡‘Sใ‚’็จผใŽใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใซๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€
12:50
do you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:51
Do.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
12:52
I'm a YouTuber, but how do you make money? How do you make money on YouTube, right? That's
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YouTuberใ ใ‘ใฉใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็จผใ„ใงใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ YouTube ใงใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ
12:57
always the mystery. People want to know that. So just remember those two expressions. One
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚่ฌŽใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:02
of them uses do because it's a general category. But then specifically, you almost about producing,
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ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ do ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉใƒ—ใƒญใƒ‡ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๆ‹…ๅฝ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ
13:09
right? Thinking toward general category. You make money, you make a living. That's more
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ใญ๏ผŸ ไธ€่ˆฌใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใƒผใซๅ‘ใ‘ใฆ่€ƒใˆไธญใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใŽใ€็”Ÿ่จˆใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
13:15
about production. So we're using make.
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ๅˆถไฝœใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงmakeใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:18
Now another one that doesn't really fit into the category, but you can think of it as an
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ซใƒ†ใ‚ดใƒชใƒผใซใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กจ็พใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹
13:24
expression and that's make a mistake. You make a mistake. OK, so you don't do a mistake.
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ใจ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€้–“้•ใˆใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:33
Sometimes I hear that you make a mistake. It's just an expression.
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
13:37
So you could say.
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ใใ†่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ‚„ใฃใฆ
13:39
I was doing.
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ใ„ใŸใ€‚
13:40
My homework or I was doing my taxes. That's another one.
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ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‹็จŽ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
13:46
Where we're.
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็งใŸใกใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€‚
13:48
Replacing the verb, which is probably file. I was filing my taxes, but we replaced that
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ๅ‹•่ฉž (ใŠใใ‚‰ใ file) ใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ็จŽ้‡‘ใ‚’็”ณๅ‘Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ—ใŸ
13:55
verb would do. I was doing my taxes and I made a mistake. Or we could combine two makes.
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ใ€‚ ็จŽ้‡‘ใ‚’็ดใ‚ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใซใ€ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€2 ใคใฎใƒกใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:05
I was making dinner and I.
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ๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
14:08
Made.
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ไฝœใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
14:09
A.
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14:10
Mistake. So just keep that in mind. A lot of the time you're going to be mixing and
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้–“้•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅคšใ ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
14:14
matching in one sentence. I'll leave you with a positive expression. Think of this as an
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1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงใ•ใพใ–ใพใช่ฆ็ด ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่กจ็พใงใŠๅˆฅใ‚Œใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กจ็พใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
14:22
expression. And this one's with Do you do your best, Do your best. So if you say Jennifer,
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚ŒใฏDo you do your bestใ€Do your bestใจไธ€็ท’ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
14:30
I'm not sure if I can pass this quiz at the end of the.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซๅˆๆ ผใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
14:34
Video.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ€‚
14:35
I'm going to say just do your best. It doesn't matter if you make a mistake.
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ใŸใ ้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:41
Just do.
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ใŸใ ใใ†ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
14:42
Your.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€‚
14:43
Best. So that's a nice word of encouragement and expression of encouragement that you can
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ไธ€็•ชใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅŠฑใพใ—ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚„ ๅŠฑใพใ—ใฎ่กจ็พใงใ™
14:49
use with someone. If they're feeling a little apprehensive or tentative about doing something,
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅฐ‘ใ—ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใŸใ‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ
14:55
you can say I'll just do your best. It doesn't matter if you make a mistake, just do your
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ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ๅ…จๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
15:01
best.
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ใ€‚
15:02
So with that, let's get to the quiz. So I'm going to share the quiz on the screen. You're
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ ็”ป้ขไธŠใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:09
going to have 10 questions to answer. I'll leave it up for a minute. So just pause the
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10 ๅ€‹ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใใฎใพใพใซใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
15:15
video. You'll need more time. And then after that minute it will display the answers. So
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ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใใฎๅˆ†ๅพŒใซ็ญ”ใˆใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
15:23
make sure you let us know in the comments how you did on the quiz. How many did you
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ใœใฒใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใง ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:30
get right out of 10 did you make?
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10ๅ€‹ไฝœใฃใฆไฝ•ๅ€‹ๆญฃ่งฃใงใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
15:33
Any mistakes? And of course, just do your best. So now let's do the quiz.
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้–“้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:00
So how did you do with that quiz? Share your score in the comments below and let's continue
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ€
17:06
on with our next section. And let's look at the difference between do, did, or does. What's
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ doใ€didใ€ใพใŸใฏdoesใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:14
the difference between do, does, and did? Well, you need to understand that all three
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doใ€doesใ€did ใฏใฉใ†้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž to do ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅฝขๅผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
17:21
of these are just different forms of the verb to do.
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ใ€‚
17:26
So the verb to do is the infinitive. Now do and does are the present simple conjugations
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€do ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ do ใจ dos ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็พๅœจๅฝขใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๆดป็”จใงใ‚ใ‚Š
17:35
of the verb, and you simply choose one or the other based on the subject that you have.
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ใ€ไธป่ชžใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
17:45
So if you're forming a sentence and your subject is I, you, we or they, you need to choose
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ไธป่ชžใŒ Iใ€youใ€weใ€ใพใŸใฏ they ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€do ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
17:54
do.
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ใ€‚
17:55
If your subject is ** *** or it, so third person singular, you need to choose does and
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ไธป่ชžใŒ ** *** ใพใŸใฏ it ใงไธ‰ไบบ็งฐๅ˜ๆ•ฐใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€des ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘
18:05
that's it. That's the only difference between do or does in affirmative sentences in the
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ๅ˜็ด”็พๅœจๅฝขใฎ ่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ do ใจ dos ใฎๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™
18:12
present simple. But keep in mind that do as a verb is used in very specific sentences
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ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎ do ใฏ็พๅœจๅ˜ๆ–‡ใฎ ้žๅธธใซ็‰นๆฎŠใชๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
18:20
in the present simple, so for example you.
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ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€you ใงใ™ใ€‚
18:23
Do.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
18:24
Chores.
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ๅฎถไบ‹ใ€‚
18:25
You do chores. The verb do is what we need to complete the sentence. So I could say I.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้›‘็”จใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉž do ใฏ ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใใ†่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
18:33
Do.
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18:34
Chores every Sunday. This is a routine Is in the present simple. Because my subject
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ๆฏŽ้€ฑๆ—ฅๆ›œๆ—ฅใฎๅฎถไบ‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œ
18:43
is I then I need do now. You can also do homework, for example. Do is the verb that we use with
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็งใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ไปŠใ‚„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ Do ใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใงไฝฟใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
18:53
homework.
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ใ€‚
18:55
Now I could say my sister, which of course is she as a subject. My sister does homework
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏ็งใฎๅฆนใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ ไธป่ชžใจใ—ใฆใฏๅฝผๅฅณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅฆนใฏๆฏŽๆ™ฉๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™
19:04
every night. Again, this is a routine, so I need the present simple. My subject is my
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ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใชใฎใงใ€ ๅ˜็ด”ใช็พๅœจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎไธป้กŒใฏ็งใฎ
19:11
sister she so I need does. Now let's talk about did. Did is the past simple form of
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ๅฆนใชใฎใงใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€didใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ Did ใฏ do ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใงใ™
19:21
the verb to do.
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ใ€‚
19:23
And as a past simple verb, there's no difference with subjects, so you use did.
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ใใ—ใฆๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฏ ไธป่ชžใซ้•ใ„ใŒใชใ„ใฎใงdidใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
19:31
For.
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ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
19:32
All subjects so that one is easier to remember. And of course if it's the past simple, then
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ๅ…จ็ง‘็›ฎใชใฎใง่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
19:41
we just need to make sure that our time reference is in the past.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใŒ ้ŽๅŽปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงๆธˆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
19:47
So I could say we did our homework last night. She did her homework this morning assuming
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ˜จๅคœๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠๆœใŒใ™ใงใซ้ŽๅŽปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไปฎๅฎšใ—ใฆไปŠๆœๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
19:58
this morning is already in the past because right now is this afternoon or this evening,
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ไปŠใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅˆๅพŒใ‹ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎๅค•ๆ–นใช
20:06
so this morning is in the past. She did her homework this morning so notice it doesn't
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ใฎใงใ€ไปŠๆœใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠๆœๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€
20:13
matter if I use we or she the subject.
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็งใŒไธป่ชžใ‚’็งใŸใกใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅฝผๅฅณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
20:16
Fact doesn't matter because did is used for all subjects. You just need to make sure that
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Did ใฏใ™ในใฆใฎไธป้กŒใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€Fact ใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
20:23
your time reference is a past time reference. We're do and does. Your time reference is
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ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใŒ้ŽๅŽปใฎๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใงใ‚โ€‹โ€‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ—ใ€ใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใฏ
20:31
going to be a routine action, so you're going to hear time references like always. Usually
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ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใฏ
20:39
every. Then you know it's a present simple.
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ๆฏŽใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
20:42
You're doing awesome. Let's move on and look at later and after. Later is most commonly
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใญใ€‚ ๆฌกใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ€ใใฎๅพŒใจใใฎๅพŒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ Later ใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ
20:52
used as an adverb and it means at a time in the future. It's not a specific time. For
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ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
21:02
example, I could say I'll wash the dishes.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:07
Now this is just a statement about something I'm going to do. You already know it's in
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๅฃฐๆ˜Žใงใ™ ใ€‚
21:13
the future because I used Will all, I'll wash the dishes. So if you'd like to add a time
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœชๆฅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ™ใงใซใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ„ใค็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ™‚้–“ๅŸบๆบ–ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
21:23
reference when will you wash the dishes, you can choose later and you can say I'll wash
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ๅพŒใง้ธๆŠžใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ŒๅพŒใง็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
21:30
the dishes later.
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ใ€‚
21:32
But what does later mean? Does it really tell the person when you'll wash the dishes? Not
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใค็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็›ธๆ‰‹ใซไผใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
21:39
really, because it's not a specific time reference. All we know is that you're not going to do
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅŸบๆบ–ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
21:46
it right now, and you'll do it at some point in the future. I'll wash the dishes later.
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ไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚นใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅพŒใง็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:56
Now after is most commonly used as a preposition. We use after to show the sequence of events,
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Now after ใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฎ้ †ๅบใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œafterใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
22:07
and those sequence of events can be in terms of time, in terms of place or in terms of
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฎ้ †ๅบใฏใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
22:14
order. But it is commonly used in terms of time, sequence of events in time.
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้ †ๅบใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่กจใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏ ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๆ™‚้–“ๅ†…ใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใฎ้ †ๅบใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
22:22
Which means one event is going to happen later than another event. So really it has that
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใŒ ๅˆฅใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใ‚ˆใ‚Š้…ใ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ๆœชๆฅใฎๆ™‚้–“ใจใ„ใ†
22:31
same meaning as later in the sense that it's a time in the future. So what's different
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€late ใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใŒ้•ใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
22:38
about them? Well, it's really just the sentence structure and how you use them, because after
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๏ผŸ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆ–‡ใฎ ๆง‹้€ ใจใใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚after ใฏ
22:46
is a preposition.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
22:48
So I could say I'll wash the dishes after something else. That's the key we generally
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
22:57
use after and then something else because it shows the relationship between two things.
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2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎ้–“ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใ€้€šๅธธใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅพŒใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ญใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
23:05
So wash the dishes something else. What's the order of them? Which one comes first?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็šฟใฏๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงๆด—ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ †็•ชใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๅ…ˆใงใ™ใ‹?
23:13
That's how we use after. So I could say I'll wash the dishes after I watch the movie. So
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ใใ‚ŒใŒafterใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆณใŸใ‚‰็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ†ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
23:22
I have wash dishes, watch movie, but I don't know the order and that's what after helps
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็งใฏ็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ้ †ๅบใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ
23:30
us do, show the order and in this case it's order in time.
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็งใŸใกใŒ่กŒใ†ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ€้ †ๅบใ‚’็คบใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใฎ้ †ๅบใงใ™ใ€‚
23:36
I'll wash the dishes after I watch the movie. Now notice how I use a full clause, a full
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใช็ฏ€ใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
23:44
sentence with a subject, a verb and an object. I'll wash the dishes after I.
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ใ€‚ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃ ใŸใ‚‰็šฟๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:50
Watch.
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่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
23:51
The.
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ใ€‚
23:52
Movie.
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€‚
23:53
A full clause. We don't need to do that. You can simply have a noun as well. So it could
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆก้ …ใ€‚ ใใ‚“ใชๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ˜ใซๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
23:58
be two objects, just two nouns rather than two actions. So I could say I'll wash the
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2 ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใฏใชใ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ใคใพใ‚Š 2 ใคใฎๅ่ฉžใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
24:05
dishes.
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ใ€‚
24:06
After the movie? After the movie. OK, so you don't have to use a full clause, and it's
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๅพŒใฏ๏ผŸ ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๅพŒใ€‚ ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๅฅใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
24:14
probably very common for native speakers to just use the object and not include the action.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใšใซใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใŠใใ‚‰ใ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:21
I'll watch the dishes after the movie.
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๅพŒใซๆ–™็†ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:25
Now here's the mistake I see students make. They say something like, I'll wash the dishes
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŒๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ็Šฏใ™้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ใŠ็šฟใฏๅพŒใงๆด—ใ†ใ‚ˆใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
24:32
later.
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ใ€‚
24:33
The.
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ใ€‚
24:34
Movie. So they use later and then they include a something, a noun or even a clause. You
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅพŒใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:43
can't do that. You can't say I'll wash the dishes later. The movie generally we use.
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ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅพŒใง็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ†ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€‚
24:51
Later.
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ๅพŒใงใ€‚
24:52
I'll wash the dishes later.
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ๅพŒใง็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
24:55
And that's it. So if you want to specify an action or a thing that comes next, you use
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ไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„ๆฌกใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€after ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
25:04
after and then you can specify A noun or an action. I'll wash the dishes after the movie.
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ๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆ˜ ็”ปใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:13
That's correct. Now, one final thing you can do with after is you can leave out the action
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ใใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€after ใงใงใใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉžใ‚’็œ็•ฅใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
25:21
or the noun.
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ใ€‚
25:23
So just like I'll say I'll wash the dishes later period, you can do the same thing with
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŒใ€ŒๅพŒใง็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€ใ€ŒๅพŒใง็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
25:30
after, I'll wash the dishes after.
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ใ€‚
25:34
We do this when the context is obvious. So let's say you and your friend.
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ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใŒๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใชๅ ดๅˆใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใจใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
25:41
Just.
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ใŸใ ใ€‚
25:42
Talked about watching a movie. You're sitting on the couch the you have the remote in your
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆณใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๆ‰‹ ใซใฏใƒชใƒขใ‚ณใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
25:49
hand. It's obvious. So when you say, oh, wash the dishes after your friend knows that it's
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ใ€‚ ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸๅพŒใ ใจๅ‹้”ใซใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰็šฟใ‚’ๆด—ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใจใใ€
25:58
after the movie, it's obvious based on context.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡่„ˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
26:03
So if it's obvious based on context, grammatically you can leave it out and then you will have
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏ ็œ็•ฅใงใใ€
26:12
after and just a period. You don't have to specify the action or the noun.
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after ใจใƒ”ใƒชใ‚ชใƒ‰ใ ใ‘ใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
26:18
So just remember, probably the most important thing to remember is that you can't say later
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๅพŒใง่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใงใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
26:25
the movie. You can't say that that's the most common mistake that I see. Amazing job. Now
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ็งใŒ็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œ
26:32
let's talk about cannot as one word can not as two words and can't.
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ใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใšใฏใ€Œca
26:42
Let's start with cannot as one word. So really pay attention that this is one word and spelling.
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n'tใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ‚นใƒšใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
26:49
We have two ends, but it's in one word. Now cannot is the negative form of the verb can.
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็›ฎ็š„ใฏ2ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่จ€ใง่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ can ใฏๅ‹•่ฉž can ใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
26:58
That's it. Simple as that. So let's take a positive sentence with can. I could say I
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜็ด”ใชใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ can ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:05
can pick you up at the airport.
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็ฉบๆธฏใพใงใŠ่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใ‘ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
27:09
I can pick you up at the airport. That's a positive sentence. But if I wanna make this
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็ฉบๆธฏใพใงใŠ่ฟŽใˆใซไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ
27:14
sentence negative, all I need to do is change can with cannot remember one word to ends.
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ canใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œ1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
27:25
So that would be I cannot pick you up at the airport. So to make a positive CAN sentence
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ฉบๆธฏใพใงใŠ่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใ‘ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช CAN ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ
27:33
negative, simply use one word cannot and replace that with CAN. It's as simple as that. Now
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ใ€ๅ˜ใซใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ 1 ใคไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ CAN ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œ
27:42
let's talk about can't.
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ใงใใชใ„ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
27:45
Notice the spelling. There's one end and it's a contraction, right? Every time you see the
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ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ซฏใŒใ‚ใฃใฆ ๅŽ็ธฎใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ขใƒใ‚นใƒˆใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซ
27:50
apostrophe, you know it's a contraction. So can't is just the contracted form of cannot.
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ can'tใฏcan'tใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:58
You can think of it as the short form. Now you use it in the exact same way. So we take
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็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
28:05
our positive sentence, I can pick you up at the airport, and then to make it negative,
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่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œ็ฉบๆธฏใพใงใŠ่ฟŽใˆใซไธŠใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใ€Œ
28:12
we just change it with can't.
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ใงใใชใ„ใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
28:14
Can't. I can't pick you up at the airport. Can't is more common than using cannot. The
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ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็ฉบๆธฏใพใงใŠ่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ cant ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ€can't ใฎๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
28:23
longer form. Now let's talk about can not as two words. First of all, know that this
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้•ทใ„ๅฝขๅผใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
28:31
is not the negative form of the verb can.
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ๅ‹•่ฉž can ใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
28:37
OK, it's not the negative form. If you use it as the negative form in spoken English,
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ใฏใ„ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€
28:44
you won't hear a difference. But in written English, if you use can not as two words,
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้•ใ„ใฏ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใง can not ใ‚’ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
28:51
it's a spelling mistake. As simple as that. It's a spelling mistake. OK, because the correct
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ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใƒŸใ‚นใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€
28:59
spelling of the negative form of can is cannot one word.
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can ใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใฎๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใฏ cant 1 ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
29:06
But can not as two words still exist, but it's not very commonly used. We can use it,
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But can't ใจใ„ใ† 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใพใ ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
29:17
for example, when you have not in one part of a sentence and then can is just your verb
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธ€้ƒจใง has not ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ can ใŒ
29:25
of that sentence, but can and not when their two words aren't together. OK, their relationship
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ™ใŽใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ can ใจ not ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใฏ
29:33
isn't together. So for example.
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€‚
29:36
You're probably familiar with the expression not only, but that's a very common expression
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not just ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใ‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใง้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่กจ็พใงใ™
29:43
in English, Not only X but also Y. Not only but. So notice in this expression I have the
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ใ€Not Only X but also Y. Not Only but. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใซใฏใ€Œใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
29:53
word not not only. Now, theoretically, my verb in this sentence could be can.
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็†่ซ–็š„ใซใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ can ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
30:03
And if that's the case, you might see can and not side by side, but they're not together.
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€can ใจ not ใŒไธฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ€็ท’ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
30:13
It's not. Making can negative not relates to not only but or another expression that
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ใ€‚ can ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ not ใฏใ€ not ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใพใŸใฏ not ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ่กจ็พใซใ‚‚้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใพใ™
30:22
uses not. So for example, I could say I can not only pick you up at the airport.
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ็ฉบๆธฏใพใงใฎใŠ่ฟŽใˆใ ใ‘ใฏใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
30:32
I can also help you unpack. OK, just to give an example. So notice I can now not only pick
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้–‹ๆขฑใ‚‚ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€I can ใฏ็ฉบๆธฏใง่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใง
30:42
you up at the airport, so can is just the verb in the sentence. It's not connected with
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ใ€can ใฏ ๆ–‡ไธญใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ™ใŽใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
30:48
not only, but I can not only pick you up at the airport, I can also help you unpack. So
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ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็ฉบๆธฏใธใฎใŠ่ฟŽใˆใ ใ‘ใงใชใ ใ€้–‹ๆขฑใฎใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
30:58
that's just.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
30:59
Theoretically you could see can and NOT side by side as two separate words, but honestly
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็†่ซ–็š„ใซใฏใ€can ใจ NOT ใ‚’ไธฆในใฆ 2 ใคใฎๅˆฅใ€…ใฎๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€
31:07
that's not very common and I don't think you're going to see that when you see CAN and not
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚CAN ใจ not ใ‚’ไธฆในใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“
31:14
side by side as.
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ใ€‚
31:16
2.
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2.
31:17
Words.
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่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
31:18
Most likely it's just a spelling mistake and they wanted to make can negative, which is
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใƒŸใ‚นใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ can ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš่กจ็พใซใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
31:24
one word cannot.
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1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใงCannot ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
31:26
So to summarize, cannot as one word is the negative form of can. Can't is the contraction
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่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ can ใฏ can ใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ can't ใฏ
31:34
of cannot is the most commonly used can not as two words is possible, but it's not the
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can ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ€2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ can not ใงใ™ ใŒใ€
31:43
negative form of the verb can. So now you know how to use these, and now of course it's
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ๅ‹•่ฉž can ใฎๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆฌกใฏใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
31:48
your turn to practice.
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
31:51
I want you to leave 3 examples. One with cannot the negative form, one with can the contraction
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ไพ‹ใ‚’3ใคๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใฎ cant ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจ ใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฎ can ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’
31:58
and then why not try? I can not only, but that would be a pretty advanced structure
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่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆง‹้€ ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
32:04
to practice. So you can leave all those examples in the comments below. You're doing wonderful.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใฏใ™ในใฆไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใญใ€‚
32:11
Let's continue on and look at come and came. What's the difference between come?
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็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ใ€ŒๆฅใŸใ€ใจใ€ŒๆฅใŸใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆฅใ‚‹ ใฏใฉใ†้•ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
32:18
And came Well, there's a very simple answer to this question. First, we have to know that
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใช็ญ”ใˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€
32:24
the verb is to come. That's the infinitive form of the verb. So then you take your infinitive
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธๅฎš่ฉžๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ไธๅฎš่ฉžๅฝขๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
32:31
form and you're going to do 2 things. You're going to conjugate it with the subject.
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2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธป้กŒใจ็ตใณใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
32:38
And you're going to conjugate it with the time reference as well. The conjugations of
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ๆ™‚้–“ๅŸบๆบ–ใจใ‚‚ๆดป็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
32:45
the verb to come are the base infinitive is come, the past simple is came, and the participle
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to Come ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆดป็”จใฏใ€ๅŽŸๅฝขไธๅฎš่ฉž is Comeใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝข is Comeใ€ๅˆ†่ฉž
32:56
is come. So you're 3 forms of the verb come came, come come came, come. Irregular conjugation.
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is Come ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œๆฅใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆฅใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆฅใ‚‹ใ€ใฎ 3 ใคใฎๅฝขๅผใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๆดป็”จใ€‚
33:08
Now we can use the base form in the present simple verb tense. The present simple. Of
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็พๅœจๅฝขใงๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช็พๅœจใ€‚
33:14
course we're talking about facts or routines. I could say she always comes late. She always
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใŸใกใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚„ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ๅˆปใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚
33:22
comes late. So notice I take my verb come, but then I have to think about my subject,
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้…ๅˆปใ—ใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œcomeใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€ไธป่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€Œ
33:30
which is she?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€
33:31
So I have to add an S to the verb come so it's conjugated correctly with my subject.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธป่ชžใจๆญฃใ—ใๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž Come ใซ S ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
33:38
She She always comes late. Now if it was they as a subject it would be come because I don't
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ๅˆปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไธป่ชžใจใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใ ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
33:46
add an SI, only add an S for **. *** it subjects, they always come late, She always comes late,
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SI ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ›ใšใ€** ใซ S ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ *** ใใ‚Œใฏไธป้กŒใงใ™ใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ๅˆปใ—ใพใ™ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ๅˆปใ—ใพใ™ใ€
33:55
they always come late.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ๅˆปใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
33:58
Now I can take that same sentence. But I could talk about yesterday. If I talk about yesterday
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใจใฏ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ไปŠใ€็งใŒๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰
34:05
now, my time reference is in the past.
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ใ€็งใฎๆ™‚้–“ๅŸบๆบ–ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:09
So I have to conjugate the verb in the past, and in this case I need the past. Simple your
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใงๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ้ŽๅŽปใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ
34:15
time reference will tell you.
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
34:17
What?
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ไฝ•๏ผŸ
34:18
Verb tense you need yesterday is an indicator of the past simple. In the past simple there
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€ ๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎๆŒ‡ๆจ™ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใซใฏ
34:27
are no different conjugations. We only use the verb came with all subjects. So I can
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็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆดป็”จใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆใฎไธป่ชžใซไป˜ๅฑžใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใฟใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
34:34
say she came late yesterday.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅ้…ใ‚ŒใฆๆฅใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
34:38
She.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใ€‚
34:39
Always comes late. That's the present simple. She came late yesterday. They always come
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ๅˆปใ—ใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅ้…ใใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚้…ๅˆปใ—ใฆใใพใ™
34:46
late. The present simple. They came late yesterday. The past simple. So now you know how to use
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช็พๅœจใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅ้…ใใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใฏๅ˜็ด”ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€
34:54
come and came. But what about that third form of the verb? That's the past participle, which
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come ใจ Come ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅฝขๅผใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ? ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ
35:01
is also come.
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ใ‚‚comeใงใ™ใ€‚
35:04
We use the past participle most commonly with the present perfect verb tense. The present
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็งใŸใกใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใจใจใ‚‚ใซ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็พๅœจ
35:10
perfect verb tense is have or has as your auxiliary verb and then your past participle,
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ๅฎŒไบ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ have ใพใŸใฏ has ใŒ็ถšใใ€ ใใฎๅพŒใซ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใ€
35:18
which in this case is come. So I could say she's come late three times this week she's
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ Come ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ไปŠ้€ฑ 3 ๅ›ž้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
35:29
notice that S.
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S ใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
35:30
In my contraction is actually the burp. Has she has come? She has she's she's come late
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็งใฎ้™ฃ็—›ใฎไธญใซๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ’ใฃใทใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
35:40
three times this week. Now I'm using the present perfect here because my time reference is
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ไปŠ้€ฑ3ๅ›ž้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใŒๆœชๅฎŒๆˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
35:48
unfinished. It starts in the past.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
35:53
But it's an unfinished time reference cuz this week is still in progress and it's possible
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ไปŠ้€ฑใฏใพใ ้€ฒ่กŒไธญใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
35:59
for her to come late again. She's come to work late three times this week, now in the
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๅ†ใณ้…ๅˆปใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๆœชๅฎŒไบ†ใฎๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ไปŠ้€ฑ 3 ๅ›ž้…ใใพใงไป•ไบ‹ใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็พๅœจใฏ
36:10
present perfect verb tense.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
36:12
The past participle come doesn't change, but we do conjugate our verb has or have depending
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎ Come ใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไธป่ชžใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ ๅ‹•่ฉž has ใพใŸใฏ have ใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ—ใพใ™
36:20
on the subject. So if my subject is they, I need the auxiliary verb have. They've they
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธป่ชžใŒtheyใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžhaveใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
36:27
have. They've come late three times this week, so that's how you would use come as the past
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ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไปŠ้€ฑ 3 ๅ›ž้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸ ใฎใงใ€come ใ‚’้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
36:38
participle.
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ใ€‚
36:40
To summarize, we have our verb to come, and then we have the three forms of the verb.
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่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๆฅใฆใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ 3 ใคใฎๅฝขๅผใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
36:48
The first form come, the second form came, and the third form come. You need to make
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็ฌฌไธ€ๅฝขๆ…‹ใŒๆฅใฆใ€็ฌฌไบŒๅฝขๆ…‹ใŒๆฅใฆใ€ ็ฌฌไธ‰ๅฝขๆ…‹ใŒๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚
36:55
sure you're conjugating your verb with your time reference and your subject as well. Come
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจ ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใ‚„ไธป่ชžใ‚‚ๆดป็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ Come ใฏ
37:01
is a very common verb in English, so you should definitely feel confident using it in your
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่‹ฑ่ชžใง้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใง ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™
37:07
speech.
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ใ€‚ ใใฎ
37:08
So to do that you need to practice. So why don't you leave 3 examples, one with each
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ใŸใ‚ใซใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็พๅœจๅฝขใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ 3 ใคๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
37:14
form of the verb present simple, past simple and present perfect. And of course you can
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ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
37:22
try different subjects as well to make this very challenging and leave your examples in
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ๅˆฅใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ้žๅธธใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
37:27
the comments below. Let's keep going and look at didn't and wasn't. Both of these are the
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ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ใ€Œ ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ€Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚
37:35
past simple forms.
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้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
37:38
And both of them are past simple negative. Wasn't is the past simple negative form of
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚ beๅ‹•่ฉž ใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
37:48
the verb to be? But wasn't is only used with the subjects I, ** *** and it.
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๏ผŸ But was not ใฏใ€ Iใ€** ***ใ€it ใจใ„ใ†ไธป่ชžใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
37:58
Didn't is a past simple negative form, but it's an auxiliary.
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Didn't ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
38:05
Verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
38:06
Which means it doesn't have a base verb itself. It's used with any base verb. So our sentence
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉž่‡ชไฝ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ
38:15
structure would be subject didn't.
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ๆง‹้€ ใฏไธป่ชžใŒ้ž่กจ็คบใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฆๅฎšใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใŸ
38:19
Base verb to form a complete sentence that's past simple negative. To understand both of
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉž ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
38:27
these, let's start with a positive sentence in the presence. So we'll do a present simple
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ใ€ใใฎๅ ดใง่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใช่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆ
38:35
positive sentence and then we'll see how we can change that sentence into the past simple
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
38:42
negative. So you can see the transformation of how we use didn't and wasn't.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ did not ใจ wasnot ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
38:49
So let's start with our positive present simple sentence.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช็พๅœจๅฝขใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
38:53
For the verb to be.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒbeใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚
38:56
I'm there, I'm there. Pretty simple, right? To be there. I'm there. Or I could say she's
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็งใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ€็งใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
39:05
there. Now I can make this sentence negative in the present simple simply by adding not.
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ใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€not ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’็พๅœจๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
39:15
I'm not there.
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็งใฏใใ“ใซใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
39:17
She isn't there. But remember, wasn't is the form of the verb to be and it's negative,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€wasn't ใฏ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใงๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงใ™ใŒใ€
39:30
but it's used in the past simple. So I need to take my two sentences and have a past simple
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้ŽๅŽปใซใฏๅ˜็ด”ใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ็งใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใช
39:38
time reference.
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ๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
39:40
So let's use yesterday. Yesterday I know I'm in the past simple and I know that my sentence
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€็งใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใŒ
39:46
is going to be negative. So I can say yesterday she wasn't there, yesterday I wasn't there.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ็งใ‚‚ใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ
39:59
So that's how the transformation took place from having a present simple positive.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ€ ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใชใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็Šถๆ…‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
40:05
The present simple negative to past simple negative and remember wasn't is only used
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็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ๅฆๅฎšใ‹ใ‚‰้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด” ๅฆๅฎšใ€ใใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
40:14
for the subjects I, ** *** it. So let's do the same thing and see how we can get to didn't.
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็งใ€****ใใ‚Œใจใ„ใ†ไธป่ชžใซใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆ ใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๅคฑๆ•—ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
40:24
So let's start with the present simple positive sentence. I go to bed at 10:30.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใช่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ 10ๆ™‚ๅŠใซๅฏใพใ™ใ€‚
40:33
So here my verb is go to go. I go to bed at 10:30. Now when we take regular verbs, excluding
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ็งใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ go to go ใงใ™ใ€‚ 10ๆ™‚ๅŠใซๅฏใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€to beใ‚’้™คใ้€šๅธธๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
40:44
to be, to be as a verb has different rules. OK, so we take regular verbs like the verb
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎto beใซใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใƒซใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž go ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
40:51
go, we have our positive in the present simple. To form the negative in the present simple,
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ใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใซ่‚ฏๅฎšๅฝขใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฝขใงๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใซใฏ
40:59
I need an auxiliary verb.
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
41:01
And that auxiliary verb that I'm going to use is don't. I don't go to bed at 10:30.
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใŒ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ don't ใงใ™ใ€‚ 10ๆ™‚ๅŠใซใฏๅฏใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
41:12
This is the auxiliary verb for the subjects I, you, we, and they. I don't go to bed at
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ Iใ€youใ€weใ€they ใ‚’ไธป่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
41:20
10:30, so now I have a negative sentence, but it's in the present simple. It talks about
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10:30ใซใฏๅฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ็พๅœจใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใƒซใƒผใƒใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™
41:26
a routine.
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ใ€‚
41:28
But I want to talk about a past simple so I can use the keyword yesterday so I know
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ญใƒผใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
41:34
I'm in the past simple. Yesterday I didn't go to bed at 10:30. So to form a negative
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็งใŒ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ 10ๆ™‚ๅŠใซๅฏใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
41:46
sentence in the past simple for regular verbs, we need to follow our structure. Subject didn't.
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้€šๅธธใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅ˜็ด”ใช้ŽๅŽปใฎๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ ๆง‹้€ ใซๅพ“ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ขซ้จ“่€…ใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
41:55
And then our base verb. Our base verb is go.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ go ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:01
I.
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I.
42:03
Didn't go to bed at 10:30 yesterday. So remember, wasn't is only used with the verb to be and
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ10ๆ™‚ๅŠใซๅฏใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ was not ใฏ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€be
42:13
it's only used with the verb to be with the subjects I, ** *** it.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใงไธป่ชžใฎ Iใ€** *** it ใงใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
42:19
Didn't is used for regular verbs in the past, simple negative as the auxiliary verb, and
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Didn't ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎ้€šๅธธๅ‹•่ฉžใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฆๅฎšใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€
42:29
your sentence structure is subject didn't.
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏไธป่ชžใŒ Didn't ใงใ™ใ€‚
42:32
Ace verb. That's how you would form complete sentences in the past Simple negative. So
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ใ‚จใƒผใ‚นๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฆๅฎšใฎๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€
42:39
now is your turn to practice. I want you to leave 2 examples, one with wasn't and one
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’ 2 ใคๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚1 ใคใฏใใ†ใงใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏใใ†
42:45
with didn't. Put them in the comments below and make sure you have a past simple reference.
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ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ— ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๅ‚็…งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
42:52
So it could be yesterday, but it could be other past simple time references as well.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไป–ใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
42:57
You're doing so great. Let's keep going and look at DO.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใฆ DO ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
43:02
You and are you. Both of these are question forms in the present simple, but they use
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใฎ็–‘ๅ•ๅฝขใงใ™ใŒใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
43:12
different verbs and different structures. So let's begin with are you.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๆง‹้€ ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใพใšใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
43:18
Now are of course is the verb to be, so are you is forming a question in the present simple
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Now are ใฏใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€are you ใฏๅ‹•่ฉž to be ไธป่ชž is you ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็พๅœจๅฝขใฎ็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
43:28
using the verb to be our subject is you, so that's why we need are, because that's the
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ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€are ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
43:35
conjugated verb to be with our subject you.
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ไธป่ชž you ใจใฎ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅ…ฑๅฝนใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
43:41
Now we use the verb to be in the present simple for facts. Facts about the world, or facts
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไธ–็•Œใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ็งใŸใก
43:49
about ourselves as well. For example, I could ask you because remember, this is a question,
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่‡ช่บซใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
43:57
so you're going to ask someone about a fact. So I could ask you are you American or British?
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใงใ™ใ‹?
44:08
Are you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ๏ผŸ
44:09
Are you American or British now? Another fact would be your job. So I can ask you, are you
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใŠ่žใใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
44:16
a software?
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ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใงใ™ใ‹?
44:17
Engineer.
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ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒ‹ใ‚ขใ€‚
44:18
Now, I could also ask you a fact about your physical description. And I could ask you,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่บซไฝ“็š„็‰นๅพดใซใคใ„ใฆใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ใŠ่žใใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
44:23
for example, are you tall? Assuming we're chatting and I can't see you, so I don't know
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ ใƒใƒฃใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€็งใซใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅงฟใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใชใ„ใจไปฎๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€
44:29
if you're tall or not, and I could ask, are you tall? Now let's take a look at the sentence
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ใฎ
44:36
structure, because using the verb to be in question form, we use something called inversion.
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ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ ็–‘ๅ•ๅฝขใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๅ€’็ฝฎๆณ•ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
44:42
So we take our subject and our verb, which would be the structure for a positive sentence,
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ใใ“ใงใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใจใชใ‚‹ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใ€
44:51
and we invert them, which means we switch them. So our sentence structure for questions
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ่ปขใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œๆ›ฟใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
44:57
using the verb to be in the present simple is verb plus subject plus object, so we know
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็พๅœจๅฝขใฎ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸ่ณชๅ•ใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธป่ชžใจ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
45:06
our verb is the verb to be.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ be ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
45:09
Are and we know our subject is you because we're only talking about are. So our subject
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Are ใจใ€Are ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎใฟ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใฎไธป้กŒใฏใ‚ใชใŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ไธป่ชž
45:17
and our verb need to conjugate are you? And then I just need my object. The question The
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ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใจใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• ๆ–‡ใฎ
45:24
rest of the sentence Are you tall? Now keep that sentence structure in mind. Why don't
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ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ƒŒใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๆฌกใซใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
45:30
we take a look at do you?
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่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
45:33
Do you is also a question form in the present simple. The difference is do is an auxiliary
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Do you ใ‚‚็พๅœจๅฝขใฎๅ˜็ด”ใช่ณชๅ•ๅฝขๅผใงใ™ ใ€‚ ้•ใ„ใฏใ€do ใŒๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
45:42
verb, which means do doesn't have any meaning in that word. It's only there grammatically.
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ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€do ใฏใใฎๅ˜่ชžๅ†…ใงใฏไฝ•ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ๆŒใกใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฎใฟๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:52
So to have meaning in the sentence we need a main verb. Do is the auxiliary verb and
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใŸใ›ใ‚‹ใซใฏ ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ Do ใฏๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€
45:59
we still need a main verb.
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ใ‚„ใฏใ‚Šไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
46:02
Now, in the present simple, I'm going to ask you about yourself or about your routine.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใช็พๅœจใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ่‡ช่บซใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ—ฅ่ชฒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
46:09
So for example, I can ask do you live in London? So of course here live is our main verb, but
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ live ใŒไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€
46:21
I need my auxiliary verb. Do Do you live in London?
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
46:26
I can't just do inversion with my subject and verb. If I did that, it would be Live
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ไธป่ชžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๅ€’็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใ€Live
46:35
you in London, Live you in London, and we know that isn't grammatically correct for
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you in Londonใ€Live you in London ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€  ใจใ—ใฆๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ
46:42
English sentence structure, so we need our auxiliary verb.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚
46:47
Do.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
46:48
And do is conjugated with our subject. You do you live in London? Another question.
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ใใ—ใฆ do ใฏไธป่ชžใจๅ…ฑๅฝนใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅˆฅใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
46:57
Do you have a dog? So here have is our main verb. But I can't say have you a dog, so I
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็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใง have ใŒใƒกใ‚คใƒณใฎ ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใฎใงใ€
47:08
need do you have a dog. I need my auxiliary verb do. So compare our two sentence structures
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็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž do ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
47:18
because here our sentence structure is auxiliary verb, subject, main verb.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใŒ ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
47:26
Auxiliary verb is do Because our subject is you and do conjugates with the subject you
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ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ do ใงใ™ใ€‚ไธป่ชžใŒ you ใงใ€do ใฏไธป่ชžใฎ you do you ใจๅ…ฑๅฝนใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
47:33
do you, and now we need a main verb. But the form of this is the base verb, which means
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ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎๅฝขๅผใฏๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
47:41
it's the infinitive without to. So to live we get rid of to and we have live, do you
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to ใฎใชใ„ไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ live ใซใฏ to ใŒ ๅ‰Š้™คใ•ใ‚Œใ€liveใ€do you
47:49
live, and then the rest of the sentence, the object.
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liveใ€ใใ—ใฆๆ–‡ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ ็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
47:54
So with are you our sentence structure was verb, subject, object, do you? Our sentence
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€are you ใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไธป่ชžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎๆ–‡ใฎ
48:03
structure is auxiliary verb do subject main verb, which is the base verb and then the
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ๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€่ฃœๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉž do ไธป่ชžใฎไธป ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใคใพใ‚ŠๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใใ—ใฆ
48:12
object.
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็›ฎ็š„่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
48:13
They're both used in question form with the present simple, and this is something that
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚็พๅœจๅฝขใฎ็–‘ๅ•ๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
48:19
you absolutely must know to understand basic English sentence structure. So now it's your
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ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ตถๅฏพใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
48:26
turn to practice. I want you to leave two questions in the comments below, one with
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใซ 2 ใคใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚1 ใคใฏ
48:33
do you and one with.
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do you ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏ with ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
48:35
Are you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ๏ผŸ
48:36
Amazing job. Now let's look at the difference between ever and never.
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใจๆฑบใ—ใฆใชใ„ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
48:43
You can think of ever as at least once, or one or more times. That's ever now. Never.
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ever ใฏๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 1 ๅ›žใ€ใพใŸใฏ 1 ๅ›žไปฅไธŠใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠใงใ‚‚ใšใฃใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
48:54
You can think of this as zero times, never zero times, not once.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ผใƒญๅ›žใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆ ใ‚ผใƒญๅ›žใงใฏใชใใ€ไธ€ๅบฆใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
49:03
Ever and never are commonly used in the present perfect, especially in question form. So let's
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Ever ใจ Never ใฏ็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ€็‰นใซ็–‘ๅ•ๅฝขใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€
49:11
take a question in the present perfect. Have you been to Banff? Have you been to Banff?
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใง่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒใƒณใƒ•ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒใƒณใƒ•ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
49:19
Now, in the present perfect, it's extremely common. In fact, it even sounds more natural
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
49:26
to me to use the word ever. Have you ever been to bath? Now we add ever to present perfect
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็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ€Œeverใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใปใ†ใŒ่‡ช็„ถใ ใจใ•ใˆๆ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅฎŒ็’งใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๆ็คบใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ever ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™
49:36
questions because they're asking about.
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ใ€‚
49:40
Life.
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ไบบ็”Ÿใ€‚
49:41
Experience and remember it means at least once.
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ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ไธ€ๅบฆใฏ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
49:45
So if you've been to Banff at least once or more in your life, then you can answer yes
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใงๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ 1 ๅ›žไปฅไธŠใƒใƒณใƒ•ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ใจ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
49:53
to the question. If you've been to Banff zero times, then you'll say no, I've never been
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ใ€‚ ใƒใƒณใƒ•ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ไบบใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏใƒใƒณใƒ•ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
50:05
to Banff.
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ใ€‚
50:06
So notice ever we use it in the question form but we don't use it in the positive answer.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ณชๅ•ๅฝขๅผใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅ›ž็ญ”ใงใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:13
As a positive answer I would just say yeah, I've been to Bath once, twice, 3 * 4 times
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่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€ ใƒใƒผใ‚นใซใฏ 1 ๅ›žใ€2 ๅ›žใ€3 * 4 ๅ›ž่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจ
50:21
and I give my answer. So let me ask you a question in the present perfect Have you ever
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็ญ”ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใง่ณชๅ•ใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚นใ‚ซใ‚ค
50:29
been skydiving?
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ใƒ€ใ‚คใƒ“ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
50:33
So have you ever been skydiving? You can put your answer in the comments below. And also
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚นใ‚ซใ‚คใƒ€ใ‚คใƒ“ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
50:39
why don't you ask us? Have you ever questioned and make it a fun and interesting question?
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็งใŸใกใซใ‚‚่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใใฆ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่ณชๅ•ใซใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
50:46
Put that in the comments below.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
50:48
Now, although ever and never are very commonly used in the present perfect, we can also use
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ใ•ใฆใ€ever ใจ Never ใฏ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใง้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
50:56
them in the present simple. Never is very commonly used in the present simple, so remember
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ใ€‚ Never ใฏ ็พๅœจๅฝขใง้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ผใƒญๅ›žใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
51:04
it means zero times. And in the present simple, we're asking about routine actions, so we're
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
51:11
asking about the frequency of actions you do. So it would be very common to say never.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใ†่กŒๅ‹•ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆใ—ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
51:18
Ever for certain actions. For example, I could say I never workout at night. I never workout
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็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅธธใซใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏ ๅคœใซใฏใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅคœใซ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
51:29
at night. So this is not part of my daily routine. It takes place zero times in my daily
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎๆ—ฅๅธธใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ็งใฎๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใงใฏใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏไธ€ๅบฆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
51:38
routine. We can use ever in question form in the present simple, although it's much
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ใ€‚ ็พๅœจ
51:44
less common than it is in the present perfect.
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ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใฎ็–‘ๅ•ๅฝขใง ever ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
51:48
But I could ask you.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
51:50
Do you?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ๏ผŸ
51:51
Ever workout at night? Now in this case, I'm asking you about the frequency of this action
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ๅคœใซใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ—ฅๅธธ็”ŸๆดปใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ ใ“ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใพใ™
51:59
in your daily routine.
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ใ€‚
52:01
So as a reply, you're just going to use an adverb of frequency and say oh I sometimes
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€่ฟ”ไบ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ้ ปๅบฆใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏๆ™‚ใ€…
52:08
workout, I usually workout, I frequently workout, I rarely workout and you're going to give
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ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใพใ™ใ€็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใพใ™ใ€็งใฏ้ ป็นใซใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใพใ™ใ€ ็งใฏใ‚ใฃใŸใซใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
52:15
me your answer. Remember, if it's zero times then you use never. I never workout at night.
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็งใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ›žๆ•ฐใŒใ‚ผใƒญใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€never ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅคœใซ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
52:23
So what about you? Do you ever work out at night? You can put your answer in the comments
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅคœใซ้‹ๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ? ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
52:30
below. And at the same time, why don't you ask your fellow students a question using?
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ใ€‚ ๅŒๆ™‚ใซใ€ ใ‚’ ไฝฟใฃใฆไป–ใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใซ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹?
52:36
Do.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
52:37
You ever? So remember this is a present simple question. You're asking about the frequency
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ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจใฎๅ˜็ด”ใช่ณชๅ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€
52:42
of that action in their daily routine.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆ—ฅๅธธ็”ŸๆดปใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ใใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฎ้ ปๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
52:46
So now you know the difference between ever and never, and remember to do all the practice
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใจๆฑบใ—ใฆใชใ„ใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใšใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
52:52
in the comments below. This is our last section. Now let's look at the difference between 4:00
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€4ๆ™‚ใจใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
53:00
or sense. I hear so many mistakes with these two words. And as we go through this lesson,
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่žใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’้€ฒใ‚ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€
53:08
you'll complete quizzes to make sure you really understand how to use for and sense.
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for ใจ sense ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
53:14
Now, there's a specific time that you need to choose either for or, since they're not
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œ forใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œorใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
53:21
interchangeable, and it will make your sentence grammatically incorrect if you're using the
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ไบคๆ›ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใฏใชใใ€้–“้•ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจๆ–‡ใŒๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™
53:27
wrong one. So first, let's talk about for. We use for for duration. OK, so you can think
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใพใšใ€forใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆœŸ้–“ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€
53:37
of it as a time that has a start.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
53:41
And end a duration of time, for example for 20 minutes, for three weeks, for seven months?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ 20 ๅˆ†ใ€3 ้€ฑ้–“ใ€7 ใ‹ๆœˆใชใฉใฎๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹?
53:51
Or how about for 12 years? Now we use sens with a specific time, so you can think of
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚12ๅนด้–“ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ็พๅœจใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’่กจใ™ sens ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€
54:01
it as a precise moment in time, for example 9:00 AM.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใชๆ™‚ๅˆป (ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅˆๅ‰ 9 ๆ™‚) ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
54:09
Last Monday, June 3rd, 2014. So that's the first thing you need to know to use these
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ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใฎๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใ€2014 ๅนด 6 ๆœˆ 3 ๆ—ฅใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ“ใจใงใ™
54:20
correctly. 4 is a duration of time, and since is a specific time. Now let's talk about the
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ใ€‚ 4 ใฏๆœŸ้–“ใ€since ใฏ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚ๅˆปใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซใ€
54:29
verb tenses that you need for each.
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
54:32
So here's a little quiz for you. I'm going to show you some sentences using 4IN different
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๅ‡บ้กŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ 4IN ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ‹•่ฉžๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹็คบใ—ใฆ
54:41
verb tenses, and I want you to tell me which ones are correct and which ones are incorrect.
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ใ€ใฉใ‚Œ ใŒๆญฃใ—ใใฆใฉใ‚ŒใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นใซ
54:49
And keep in mind we're talking about the verb tense specifically, so that's what you need
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ“ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
54:56
to look at. So I'll show you the example sentences now.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
55:07
HM so which ones are correct and which ones are incorrect? Let us know in the comments.
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใใฆใฉใ‚ŒใŒ ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
55:28
Well, I hate to break it to you, but this was a trick question because they're all correct.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่จ€ใ„ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ™ในใฆๆญฃ่งฃใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฒใฃใ‹ใ‘่ณชๅ•ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
55:36
And the point is that four can be used with many different verb tenses. It's quite diverse
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ใใ—ใฆ้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€4 ใฏ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ‹•่ฉžๆ™‚ๅˆถใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
55:43
in that way. Now let's do the same thing, but this time we'll do it with since.
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅคšๅฝฉใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€since ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
55:50
So again, the time references are all correct. I'm using them all with specific time, but
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใฏใ™ในใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚Œใ‚‚ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใฆไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
55:57
let's take a look at the verb tenses. So I'll show you the sentences and I want you to let
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ€
56:04
us know which ones are correct and incorrect.
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ใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใใฆใฉใ‚ŒใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
56:25
So how'd you do with this one? How about in the comments? Let us know which ones are correct.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใฉใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
56:31
OK, put it in the comments. Now, this one wasn't a trick question because since is a
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใฒใฃใ‹ใ‘ๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€่ณชๅ•ใฏ
56:38
lot more limited. So here are example sentences. The only correct ones were #1 and number.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้™ๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใฎใฏ #1 ใจ #number ใ ใ‘ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
56:51
3.
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3.
56:53
You can use sense with the present perfect and the present perfect continuous. The reason
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใจ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใฎ็†็”ฑใฏ
57:01
why is because sense. We use this for an action that started in the past but continues until
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ใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ้ŽๅŽปใซ้–‹ๅง‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใŒ็พๅœจใพใง็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
57:11
now, and we actually don't know when that action is going to end, but it's important
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ„ใค็ต‚ไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
57:20
it started it in the past. Continue.
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้ŽๅŽปใซ้–‹ๅง‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ถšใใ€‚
57:22
Till now and is still in progress. That's when we can use since. All right. So now you
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็พๅœจใซ่‡ณใ‚‹ใพใงใ€ใใ—ใฆ็พๅœจใ‚‚้€ฒ่กŒไธญใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚“ใช ใจใใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ€Œsinceใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
57:30
know that for is used for a duration of time and it's very diverse. You can use it with
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for ใฏไธ€ๅฎšใฎๆœŸ้–“ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ ้žๅธธใซๅคšๆง˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
57:38
many different verb tenses. You know that since we need a specific time and you can
528
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ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ‹•่ฉžๆ™‚ๅˆถใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใงใ€
57:47
use it with the present perfect and the present perfect continuous.
529
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใจ็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
57:52
Now let me show you a sentence that I see almost every day and it's wrong. And this.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€็งใŒ ใปใผๆฏŽๆ—ฅ็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ€‚
58:00
Sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใ€‚
58:01
Is. I've been learning English since.
532
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ใฏใ€‚ ใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:06
2.
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2
58:07
Years.
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ๅนดใ€‚
58:08
Alright, this sentence is wrong. Now I want you to take this sentence and make it a correct
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„
58:17
sentence. You're going to need to change.
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ๆ–‡ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
58:20
Either.
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ใพใŸใ€‚
58:21
The for or since or the time reference. OK, so make your change and put the correct sentence
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forใ€sinceใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…งใ€‚ OKใ€ ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ€ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
58:29
in the comments below. And also I want you to practice your own sentence, so leave a
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€
58:35
comment and.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
58:37
Use a sentence with four and then sentence with sentence.
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4 ใคใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ๆฌกใซ 4 ใคใ‚’ ๅซใ‚€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
58:41
First, you're going to learn the difference between on time and in time. Let's start off
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ใพใšใ€ๆ™‚้–“ ้€šใ‚Šใจๆ™‚้–“ใฉใŠใ‚Šใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใฉใŠใ‚Šใซๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
58:48
with on time. Now we use on time to refer to a specific time, and it's a specific time
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ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใ€on time ใฏ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ™‚ๅˆปใงใ‚ใ‚Š
58:57
that something will happen, and we commonly use this with scheduled events. For example,
544
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ใ€ ใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
59:06
traffic was terrible, but thankfully I got to the meeting.
545
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ๆธ‹ๆปžใฏใฒใฉใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใŸใ„ใ“ใจใซ ไผš่ญฐใซๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
59:12
On time. So of course you can imagine that there's a scheduled time that that meeting
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ๅฎšๅˆปใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใ€ ใใฎไผš่ญฐใฎ
59:18
will start. The meeting will start at, let's say 3:00 o'clock.
547
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้–‹ๅง‹ๆ™‚้–“ใŒไบˆๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไผš่ญฐใฏใ€ ใŸใจใˆใฐๅˆๅพŒ 3 ๆ™‚ใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
59:23
So if.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ€‚
59:24
You get to the.
549
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ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
59:25
Meeting at 3:00 o'clock or before, then you're on time. If you get to the meeting at 3:01
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3ๆ™‚ใ‹ใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ‰ใซ้›†ๅˆใ™ใ‚Œใฐ ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ 3 ๆ™‚ 1 ๅˆ†ไปฅ้™ใซไผš่ญฐใซ็€ใ„ใŸใ‚‰
59:35
or after, then you're what? You're late, right? So that would be the opposite of on time late.
551
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ้…ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซ้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ้€†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
59:43
Now you could also make a general statement and say I'm always on time, so notice it's
552
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
59:50
in the present simple because it's a routine action which means I always get to my scheduled
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ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใช ่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไบˆๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใซใฏๅฟ…ใšๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช็พๅœจๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
59:57
events.
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ใ€‚ ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใฎ
59:58
On or before the time they're supposed to start, the time they're scheduled to start,
555
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ๆ™‚้–“ใ‹ใใฎๅ‰ใซ ใ€ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใฎๆ™‚้–“ใซใ€
60:07
I'm.
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็งใฏใ€‚
60:08
Always.
557
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ€‚
60:09
On time. So what about you? Are you always on time? Let us kFirst, let's talk about the
558
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ๅฎšๅˆปใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใพใšใ€
60:14
difference between sympathy and empathy. So let's give a scenario. Let's imagine that
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ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
60:17
your friend Ted just lost his job. So this could be a situation, a negative situation
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฎใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅŒๆƒ…ใ‚„ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใ„็Šถๆณใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
60:21
where you want to give some sympathy or some empathy. So if you want to give Ted sympathy,
561
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๅŒๆƒ…ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ
60:29
you're going to see something like ah.
562
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
60:33
I'm sorry to hear that. That's too bad. That really sucks. So you're going to say those
563
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็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆœ€ๆ‚ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™
60:42
words to Ted, but then you're going to go on with the rest of your day. You're going
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ใŒใ€ใใฎๅพŒใฏ ๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
60:49
to be happy, you're going to have fun, you're going to do whatever, and you're not really
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ๅนธใ›ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใ€ ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ€
60:54
going to think about Ted and his situation anymore.
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ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใจๅฝผใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ ใ‚‚ใ†่€ƒใˆใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
61:00
Because sympathy is at the surface level. Okay. A situation happens to a friend, a colleague,
567
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใฏ่กจ้ข็š„ใชใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅ‹ไบบใ€ๅŒๅƒšใ€ๅŒๅƒšใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใ€็Ÿฅไบบใซ็ŠถๆณใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใใ€
61:08
A coworker, a family member, someone you know, and then you just use your words to offer
568
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€
61:12
some words of support where it's a comfort, and then you go on with your day. What is
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ๆ…ฐใ‚ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใใฎ ๆ—ฅใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
61:21
empathy, though? Empathy is deeper. Empathy is about emotion.
570
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ…ฑๆ„ŸใŒใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆทฑใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใฏ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
61:24
Empathy isn't really about words. Empathy is about trying to understand the emotion
571
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ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ่จ€่‘‰ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใฏใ€
61:30
that Ted is feeling.
572
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ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
61:33
So trying to either imagine what Ted must be feeling right now because he just lost
573
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ ๅคฑใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒไปŠไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹
61:40
his job, the stress he must be feeling, the insecurity, the frustration, the anger, the
574
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ใ€ๅฝผใŒๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚น ใ€ไธๅฎ‰ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€
61:46
lack of confidence, Whatever emotions that Ted's feeling, you want to understand them.
575
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่‡ชไฟกใฎใชใ•ใ€ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒใฉใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€‚
61:50
But you want to almost take those emotions on, and you feel those emotions. So even though
576
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๅผ•ใๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใŸใจใˆ
61:58
Ted lost his job, you feel the pain of Ted losing his job. And by doing that, you're
577
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ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒ่ทใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒ่ทใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ“ใจใฎ็—›ใฟใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€
62:06
able to offer more comfort and more support to Ted because you truly want to understand
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ…ฐใ‚ใจใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
62:13
what it feels like.
579
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ใ€‚
62:15
Now, because of that, empathy is really not about words. Empathy is about emotion. So
580
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ…ฑๆ„ŸใจใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
62:20
how could you show Ted that you have empathy for his situation? Well, you might sit beside
581
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ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎ็Šถๆณใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ? ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎ้šฃใฎใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใซๅบงใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
62:25
Ted on the couch.
582
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ใ€‚
62:27
And just put your arm around him or give him a hug. Or maybe you show your emotion by even
583
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใซ่…•ใ‚’ๅ›žใ™ใ‹ใ€ใƒใ‚ฐใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€
62:33
having some tears in your eyes as Ted is telling you about how he lost his job and how he's
584
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ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒ ่ทใ‚’ๅคฑใ„ใ€
62:40
not sure how he's going to pay his mortgage. You you don't say anything, but you show Ted
585
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ไฝๅฎ…ใƒญใƒผใƒณใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€็›ฎใซๆถ™ใ‚’ๆตฎใ‹ในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็›ฎใซ
62:43
that you understand what he's going through because you might have some visible tears
586
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่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ๆถ™ใ‚’ๆตฎใ‹ในใŸใ‚Šใ€
62:46
in your eyes or you put your hand on his shoulder.
587
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ๅฝผใฎ่‚ฉใซๆ‰‹ใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
62:49
On his knee? Or you just sit there silently and allow the emotion to be present. That's
588
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ๅฝผใฎ่†ใฎไธŠใง๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใŸใ ้™ใ‹ใซใใ“ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ€ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ่บซใ‚’ไปปใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
62:54
empathy. Empathy is at a much deeper level. And then when you leave, so you say goodbye
589
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ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใฏใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆทฑใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅŽปใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใซๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใพใ™
63:00
to Ted, OK? And then you go home. And even though Ted is in his home and you're in your
590
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ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใŒๅฝผใฎๅฎถใซใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚
63:07
home, you still feel it. You still feel the emotion. You're still.
591
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ๅฎถใซใ„ใ‚‹ใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ใใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅ›ใฏใพใ ใ€‚
63:11
A little bit sad yourself. That's empathy. It's way deeper of an emotion. So to summarize,
592
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่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆทฑใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
63:12
sympathy is about offering words of comfort. But it's step one, offering the words of comfort.
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ๅŒๆƒ…ใจใฏๆ…ฐใ‚ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ…ฐใ‚ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎ็ฌฌ1ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
63:16
And then you offer those words of comfort. And then you just go about your day, go about
594
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ…ฐใ‚ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใ€
63:24
your life as normal.
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1980
้€šๅธธ้€šใ‚Šใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’้€ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
63:26
Empathy is about taking it further, and it's no longer about words. It's about emotions,
596
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ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚‚ใฏใ‚„่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
63:34
and it's trying to understand what someone is feeling or the situation that they're going
597
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3581
่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚„ใ€ใใฎไบบใŒ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใ‚’
63:37
through at a deeper level so you can offer support to that person. So that's the difference
598
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆทฑใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใง็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ€ ใใฎไบบใซใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆไพ›ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
63:42
between sympathy and empathy.
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ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใจๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
63:43
As these are more concepts, we don't really use them in sentences. So I know I usually
600
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆฆ‚ๅฟตใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใฏ้€šๅธธใ€
63:46
ask you to practice in the sentence practice in the comments below. However, you might
601
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ–‡็ซ ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’
63:55
not really be able to practice sentences using these words.
602
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ไฝฟใฃใŸๆ–‡็ซ ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
63:57
So because of that, maybe you can just talk about a scenario where you might want to offer
603
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
64:03
someone's sympathy and then a scenario where you want to offer someone empathy. Or you
604
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่ชฐใ‹ใซๅŒๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใจใ€ๆฌกใซ ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€
64:08
can think back to a time in your life where you did offer someone's sympathy and then
605
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ไบบ็”Ÿใง ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅŒๆƒ…ใ‚’็คบใ—ใ€ใใฎๅพŒ
64:19
someone empathy. So maybe you can just talk about those scenarios more to practice using
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่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ‚’็คบใ—ใŸใจใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใฟใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
64:27
these expressions. Amazing job. Let's move on and look at the difference between relate
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ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ€ relate to ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
64:31
to.
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ใ€‚
64:32
Related to So first let's talk about how to use to relate to something. When you relate
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้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใพใšใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
64:36
to something, it means you understand a situation or you understand someone's feelings. And
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€็Šถๆณใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
64:45
the reason why you understand that situation or someone's feelings is because you've had
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ใใฎ็Šถๆณ ใ‚„ไบบใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
64:50
a similar experience. You've experienced it yourself, and because of that.
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ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ตŒ้จ“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
64:55
You understand the situation or how someone feels. So let's say your coworker comes up
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็Šถๆณใ‚„่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŒๅƒšใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅใฆใ€ใ€Œ
65:02
to you and says, oh, this project is really stressing me out. Now imagine that in the
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ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€
65:07
past you were on that exact same project and you experienced stress when you were on that
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจใใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
65:13
project. You've had the same experience.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
65:15
Because of that, you can just say, I can relate to that, I can relate to that. And what is
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใ‚Œใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹
65:24
the that? Well, the that is feeling stressed out on the project. You've experienced the
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๏ผŸ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใ€
65:29
exact same feelings that your coworker is experiencing now and because you can relate
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ๅŒๅƒšใŒ ไปŠ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
65:33
to that.
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ใใ‚Œใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฃใจ
65:34
You can probably have a different conversation. You can have a more indepth conversation,
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้•ใ†ไผš่ฉฑใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ธใฟ่พผใ‚“ใ ไผš่ฉฑใŒใงใใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅŒใ˜็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€
65:39
or maybe you can share some tips and advice because you've had that same experience. Here's
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚„ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
65:47
a great example I saw on you, Glish. We can all relate to having doubt or feeling insecure
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใŸ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎไบ‹ๆŸ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๆŠฑใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ—ใ‚‚ใŒๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
65:55
about certain things, right? And you agree with that, right? You can relate to having
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ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ใใ‚ŒใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใพใ™
66:03
doubt.
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ใ€‚
66:04
You can relate to feeling insecure if I ask you, can you relate to that? I'm asking you.
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็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใจใ€ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใใ‚Œใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
66:09
Have you ever experienced that in your life?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใงใใ‚Œใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
66:12
And if you've never experienced doubt and you've never experienced insecurity, well,
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็–‘ใ„ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใใ€ ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใ€
66:19
then you're not human, right? Because we've all experienced it, right? Of course we have.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไบบ้–“ใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ ใฃใฆใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
66:27
It's a human emotion. We experienced all emotions, negative and positive. Now why might you see
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ใใ‚Œใฏไบบ้–“ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿโ€‹โ€‹ๆƒ…ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใชใœใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
66:34
something like this?
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?
66:36
Well, likely because you want to connect to whoever you're talking to. If a student is
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็›ธๆ‰‹ใจใคใชใŒใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ
66:46
coming to me and telling me how insecure they feel about using their English in public,
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็งใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆฅใฆใ€ไบบๅ‰ใง่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใฉใ‚Œใปใฉไธๅฎ‰ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ ใ€็ง
66:54
I can let them know that I can relate to that.
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ใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
67:00
And if the student feels like, oh, Jennifer has experienced this as well, then they might
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ—็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ‚‚ ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
67:07
be more open to hearing the advice I have to share. Or they might just feel closer to
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็งใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ด ็›ดใซ่žใ„ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ฟ‘ใใซๆ„Ÿใ˜
67:16
me, more connected to me because we've had that same experience. So that's how we feel
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ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠใคใชใŒใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’
67:22
connected to each other is through shared experiences, right?
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ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใŠไบ’ใ„ใฎใคใชใŒใ‚Šใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ใญ๏ผŸ
67:24
So it's really powerful to try to relate to somebody's experience or to let them know
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
67:32
that you can relate to what they're feeling or what they're experiencing right now. Now
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ไปŠๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚„็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚
67:40
notice in our Youglish example, what do you notice about the verb we have relate to? And
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Youglish ใฎไพ‹ใงใ€ ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
67:52
then what do you notice relate to, relate to having?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ?
67:57
And notice it's also relate to feeling. Both of our verbs are in the gerund. This is a
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซใ‚‚้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซ
68:01
gerund expression when you want to use a verb next. I can relate to feeling, having, wanting,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ๆ™‚ใฎๅ‹•ๅ่ฉž่กจ็พใงใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ๆŒใคใ“ใจใ€ๆœ›ใ‚€ใ“ใจใ€
68:09
missing, needing. Whatever verb your have next is going to be in the gerund, so make
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ๆฌ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซๅ‹•่ฉžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใซๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹
68:20
sure you pay attention to that when you're forming your sentences.
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้š›ใซใฏๅฟ…ใšๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
68:25
Now let's talk about to be related to someone. When you're related to someone, it means that
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ๆฌกใซใ€่ชฐใ‹ใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
68:33
they are a family member. They're part of your family. You share the same blood, genes,
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ใใฎไบบใŒๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒใ˜่ก€ใ€้บไผๅญใ€DNAใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
68:44
DNA. You come from the same family, even if it's a great great, great, great, great aunts
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€ๅ‰ๅคงใชใ€ๅ‰ๅคงใชๅ”ๆฏ
68:55
or uncle.
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ใ‚„ๅ”็ˆถใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒใ˜ๅฎถๆ—ใฎๅ‡บ่บซใงใ™ใ€‚
68:56
Even if it's a very distant family member, you're still related to them to be related
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ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซ้ ใ„ๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใจใคใชใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
69:09
to someone. So let's say your friend invites you to their family reunion and at a family
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅฎถๆ—ใฎ้›†ใพใ‚Šใจๅฎถๆ—ใฎ
69:14
reunion.
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้›†ใพใ‚Šใซๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
69:15
Everybody is going to be related, right? Well, not everybody. Because of course other people
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ใฟใ‚“ใช้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€ ๅ…จๅ“กใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใŒ
69:20
could bring friends or people they're just dating, for example. They're not related to
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ๅ‹้”ใ‚„ไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎไบบใ‚’้€ฃใ‚Œใฆใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใจใฏ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
69:24
them.
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ใ€‚
69:25
That's a very important point. You're not related to your spouse, the person you're
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช็‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ้…ๅถ่€…ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š็ตๅฉš็›ธๆ‰‹ใจใฏ่ก€็ธ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
69:31
married to, because that would mean you share the same DNA and genes and blood. And that's
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ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๅŒใ˜ DNAใ€้บไผๅญใ€่ก€ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
69:41
just a little creepy, right? No, you're not related to your spouse. You're married to
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจไธๆฐ—ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ้…ๅถ่€…ใจใฏ่ก€็ธ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใจ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
69:48
them. You're part of their family. But you're not relatives. You're not blood relatives,
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŸใกใฏ ่ฆชๆˆšใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ก€ใฎใคใชใŒใฃใŸ่ฆชๆˆšใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ
69:54
right? You're related to your mother, father, brother.
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ใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฏ่ฆชใ€็ˆถ่ฆชใ€ ๅ…„ๅผŸใจ่ฆชๆˆšใงใ™ใ€‚
69:58
Your sister, aunt, uncle, grandmother, grandfather and cousins. And then the second, the third,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฆนใ€ๅ”ๆฏใ€ๅ”็ˆถใ€็ฅ–ๆฏใ€็ฅ–็ˆถใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ„ใจใ“ใŸใกใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
70:05
the extended family as well, down the family tree. But you're not related to the person
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ๅฎถ็ณปๅ›ณใ‚’ไธ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใใจใ€2็•ช็›ฎใ€3็•ช็›ฎใ€ๅคงๅฎถๆ—ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ตๅฉš็›ธๆ‰‹ใจใฏ่ก€็ธ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
70:13
you're married to. So you're at this family reunion with your friend. And as you're meeting
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅ‹ไบบใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ“ใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฎ้›†ใพใ‚Šใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
70:22
new people, of course you're going to ask your friend, oh, how are you related to that
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไบบใซไผšใ†ใจใใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใ€ ๅ‹ไบบใซใ€Œใ‚ใฎไบบใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†้–ขไฟ‚ใงใ™ใ‹
70:27
person? How are you related to friends?
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?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ‹้”ใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
70:29
Think, Oh, he's my second cousin. How are you related to marrying? Oh, she's my aunt.
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ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎใพใŸใ„ใจใ“ใ ใ€ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ตๅฉšใจใฉใ†้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใฎๅ”ๆฏใงใ™ใ€‚
70:35
How are you related to Jim? Oh, actually, I'm not related to him. He's married to my
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ใ‚ธใƒ ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†้–ขไฟ‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฎŸใฏ ็งใฏๅฝผใจใฏ่ฆชๆˆšใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎๅ”ๆฏใจ็ตๅฉšใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
70:43
aunt. Because you're not related to your aunt's husband, right? Because you're not in the
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ใ€‚ ใ ใฃใฆใ€ๅ”ๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใฎๅคซใจใฏ่ก€็ธ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ”ๆฏใฎๅคซใจ
70:52
same blood line, the same DNA, the same genes as your aunt's husband, Yes.
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ๅŒใ˜่ก€็ญ‹ใ€ๅŒใ˜DNAใ€ๅŒใ˜้บไผๅญใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
70:59
The husband is part of your family, but you're not directly related to them, okay. So there
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ใ”ไธปไบบใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใจ็›ดๆŽฅใฎ่ก€็ธ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
71:07
is a difference between someone in your family and then being related to someone. So as you
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ๅฎถๆ—ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ชฐใ‹ ใจ่ฆชๆˆšใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใฏ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
71:17
can see, there's a big difference between when you relate to something or you relate
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใจใ€
71:23
to someone's feelings.
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่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎ้–“ใซใฏๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
71:24
And you are related to someone. So there's that difference in sentence structure because
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹
71:32
it's to be related with the Ed to be related to. But then there's a huge difference in
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ใ‚จใƒ‰ใจ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใ‚‚ๅคงใใช้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
71:41
the meaning as well. When you can relate to someone's feelings, you understand their feelings
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ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซๅ…ฑๆ„Ÿใงใใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€
71:48
because you've experienced the same thing.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
71:50
And when you're related to someone, they you share the same DNA, the same blood, the same
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใจ่ก€็ธ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใฎไบบใฏ ๅŒใ˜ DNAใ€ๅŒใ˜่ก€ใ€ๅŒใ˜้บไผๅญใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
71:59
genes, they're a member of your blood family. So now you know how to use relate to someone's
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่ก€ใฎใคใชใŒใฃใŸๅฎถๆ—ใฎไธ€ๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€
72:10
feelings and to be related to someone. So it's your turn to practice. I want you to
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ใใ—ใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใจ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’ๆŒใคใจใ„ใ†ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚
72:18
leave 2 examples in the comments below. Amazing job. Let's keep going with the difference
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚
72:25
between either and neither. I'm going to make this explanation.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ธใพใˆใฆ้€ฒใ‚ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
72:30
Real easy for you and by the end of the video you'll feel confident using either and neither
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้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใฎใงใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹้ ƒใซใฏ ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆๆ–‡ไธญใงใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
72:36
in sentences. This is definitely an area I see lots of mistakes with, but not just with
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ็งใŒใ‚ˆใ้–“้•ใˆใ‚‹ๅˆ†้‡Žใงใ™ใŒ ใ€
72:41
non-native English speakers.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ—ใชใ„ไบบใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
72:42
I see this with my friends, with my colleagues, with native English speakers as well. So don't
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹ไบบใ‚„ๅŒๅƒšใ€ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŸใกใซใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
72:49
worry too much about this, but I will make it easy for you to remember. Now, before we
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซ
72:57
go any further, I just want you know that the pronunciation is flexible, so you can
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ใ€ ็™บ้ŸณใฏๆŸ”่ปŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆ
73:02
say neither, neither either.
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ใšใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
73:04
Either. OK, there's no difference. I might even change them throughout the video. If
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ใพใŸใ€‚ OKใ€้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชๅ…จไฝ“ใงๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†
73:11
I do, there's no difference at all. I tend to use either and neither, and that's generally
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ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใพใฃใŸใ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ไธ€ๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚
73:19
what I hear being used in North America. With that said, let's talk about the difference
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅŒ—็ฑณใงใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่žใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
73:26
between either and neither, and let's start with either. In terms of structure, it's going
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ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆง‹้€ ็š„ใซใฏ
73:31
to be either noun.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅ่ฉžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
73:32
Or noun and we use this structure when we're choosing between two options. It's really
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ใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ€2 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
73:34
important that is only two options. We don't use it with three and we don't use it with
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้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒ 2 ใคใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ 3 ใคใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€4 ใคใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
73:38
four. We use it with two options. Let's take a look at an example. Either Mike or John
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ใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใŒ
73:46
will help you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
73:47
So as you can see, we have our section either noun or now, right now, in terms of meaning,
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซใฏ ๅ่ฉžใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ็‚นใงใ€ŒไปŠใ€ไปŠใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
73:54
both of these situations are possible. It's possible that Mike will help you. It's possible
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
73:59
that John will help you. Now it's important to know that it's only one person that will
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆ ใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใŸใฃใŸ1ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™
74:14
help you in the end. So in the end you will have Mike.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏ ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
74:21
Or John. Either Mike or John will help you. So let's take a moment and practice now that
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€or ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใจใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
74:28
we know how to form a sentence using either or. So possibly, If you need think of an example.
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ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
74:34
Remember the structure is either noun or noun, and then the rest of your sentence. So think
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ๆง‹้€ ใŒๅ่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ่ฉžใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใซๆ–‡ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ็ถšใใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
74:40
about what your sentence is and then put it in the comments below.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
74:48
Now, before we move on, let's talk about different sentence structures using either. Now, it's
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
74:53
definitely possible that the nouns Mike and John in this scenario, the nouns have already
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ่ฉž Mike ใจ John ใฏใ™ใงใซ
74:58
been identified. OK, And if that's the case, there are some other sentence structures that
710
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็‰นๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ ไป–ใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
75:07
you can use. In fact, there are three possibilities. They mean exactly the same thing.
711
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ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€3 ใคใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
75:15
So let's say that our nouns have already been identified. So I could say Mike and John are
712
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ่ฉžใŒใ™ใงใซ ่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏ
75:23
in the office today. So we already set the context that Mike and John are our nouns,
713
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€Mike ใจ John ใŒๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใฏใ™ใงใซ่จญๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ
75:28
right? I don't need to repeat that information. So I could say Mike and John are in the office
714
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ใญ? ใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
75:37
today.
715
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ใ€‚
75:38
Either one will help you notice here either one OK of course either 11 is Mike and one
716
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€11 ใŒใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ€1 ใŒ
75:49
is John. I don't need to repeat those nouns because I said them at the beginning part
717
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ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ่ฉžใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใง่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
75:56
of my sentence. In this case, I can simply say either one will help you.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
76:06
Now remember I said there's three different choices of sentence structure. I could also
719
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใฏ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ฟฐในใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
76:13
say either one of them will help you. So notice here I'm just adding of them. Of course the
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใŒๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
76:22
them is Mike and John. You got this right. OK, Our third choice is I could say either
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃ่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€3็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹
76:29
of them will help you. So what am I doing different here?
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ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ้•ใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
76:33
In this case, I'm simply dropping the one, right? So all three of these choices mean
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฝใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏใ™ในใฆ
76:46
exactly the same thing. You can use them interchangeably. There's no difference at all. Remember, these
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ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็›ธไบ’ใซไบคๆ›ใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใฃใŸใ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰
76:58
three choices are used when the nouns have already been identified.
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3 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏใ€ๅ่ฉžใŒ ใ™ใงใซ็‰นๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
77:04
So now take a second. Take your example that you already use, and change it so you identify
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅพ…ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ™ใงใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ€
77:13
the nouns first, and then follow this structure. Remember, you have three different choices,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๅพ“ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
77:18
so practice using all three and put your practice examples in the comments. Now let's talk about
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3 ใคใ™ในใฆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ่ทต ไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
77:24
neither.
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ใ€‚
77:25
The thing you need to remember is that neither is negative. So I think it's really easy to
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
77:31
remember that it's negative because neither starts with an N and negative starts with
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ N ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚‚ N ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใฎใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
77:36
an N So you can just have that association in your brain, right? Neither negative, neither
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้ ญใฎไธญใงใใฎ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงๆธˆใฟใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ ? ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ‚‚
77:43
negative NN. So that's an easy way to remember it.
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ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ‚‚ใชใ„NNใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚
77:48
So think of it as the exact same as either, but we use it in the negative. So instead
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
77:57
of saying that both choices are available and possible like we did with either, we're
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ไธกๆ–นใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚Šๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใฏ
78:08
using neither to deny those two choices. OK, they're not available. Now there's one important
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ใชใใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹้‡่ฆใชๅค‰ๆ›ดใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
78:15
change that we need to make, and this change is definitely.
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ้–“้•ใ„ใชใๅค‰ๆ›ดใงใ™ใ€‚
78:19
Really something that native English speakers forget all what? OK, but that change is we
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใจใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? OKใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใใฎๅค‰ๅŒ–ใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ
78:25
have to say neither noun. Do you know what I'm gonna say next? Do you put it in the comments
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ๅ่ฉžใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใชใใฆๆธˆใ‚€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฌกใซ็งใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ๅ่ฉžใ‚‚noใ‚‚ใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ‹
78:34
If you do neither noun nor nor?
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๏ผŸ
78:38
Now now again, I think this should be easy for you to remember because you just put an
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
78:49
N in front of or right? Nor nor N negative, neither negative. So use that brain association.
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ๅ‰ใซ N ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ€่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ N ใ‚‚่ฒ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ ่ฒ ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎ่„ณใฎ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ
78:59
I think it will be really easy for you to remember it that way neither.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚่ฆšใˆใ‚„ใ™ใใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
79:08
Nor. OK, so let's take our original example with either and put it in the negative with
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ใพใŸใฏใ€‚ OKใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅ…ƒใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
79:17
neither. So pause the video, think about that and put it in the comments. What would our
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ใ€‚ ๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ
79:26
original example be with neither HM? Put it in the comments.
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HM ใ‚‚ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฎๅ…ƒใฎไพ‹ใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
79:31
Of course it would be neither Mike nor John will help you. I don't know why they won't
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚‚ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใชใœๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
79:40
help you, but they won't because remember neither is negative. So we're saying those
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰
79:47
two choices are not available. So you can think of it as you have two choices, right,
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2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏๅˆฉ็”จใงใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใจใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใฎ 2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
79:56
John and Mike. John won't help you.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
80:00
Mike won't help you. Neither Mike nor Dawn will help you. Now, the same three different
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚‚ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒณใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
80:10
sentence structures that we saw with either are exactly the same for neither. So in that
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใง่ฆ‹ใŸๅŒใ˜ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎ
80:26
case, it's really easy, we just change either to neither. But remember, it's.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใกใ‚‰ใซใ‚‚ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใชใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
80:31
Negative. Neither. Negative. So pause the video, think about what our original examples
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€‚ ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ— ใ€ๅ…ƒใฎไพ‹ใŒ
80:36
were with either and put them in the comments. With neither. Did you get them in the comments?
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
80:50
Hopefully you did. So remember, we need to put the context and identify our nouns. So
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ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๆ–‡่„ˆใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใฆๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ญ˜ๅˆฅใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
80:57
I could still say Mike and John are in the office. They can still be in the office. But.
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ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏใพใ ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใพใ ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€‚
81:02
They're just not willing to help you. OK, so Mike and John are in the office. Neither
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใชใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€ ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
81:11
one will help you, right? Neither one will help you. What are the two other choices?
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
81:18
Put them in the comments. Neither one of them will help you. Or our third choice, neither
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใงใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚
81:24
of them will help you. Not very nice, Mike and John, are they?
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ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใกใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ„ใ„ไบบใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€ใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใจใ‚ธใƒงใƒณ๏ผŸ
81:27
OK, so by now you feel really comfortable with either and neither, right? But let me
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไปŠใงใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ๅฟซ้ฉใ ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ—ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ ใชใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใŸใ ใ—ใ€้‡่ฆใชใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใชใฎใง
81:33
give you one more scenario before you go, because it's an important one. And this is
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ใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ‚ทใƒŠใƒชใ‚ชใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
81:45
an area that I see native English speakers make mistakes with. OK, so let's imagine you're
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
81:54
talking to your friend and they just randomly say I don't speak French, I don't speak French.
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ๅ‹้”ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒฉใƒณใƒ€ใƒ ใซใ€Œ ็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
82:02
OK, I don't.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
82:04
Negative. I don't speak French. Now how can we answer this using neither? HM, I don't
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ไฝฟใ‚ใšใซใ“ใ‚Œใซใฉใ†็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€็งใฏ
82:12
speak French. What would I say as my answer? Neither do I.
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใŒ่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฎ็ญ”ใˆใจใ—ใฆไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
82:18
Neither do I, because it's negative. I don't speak French, so I'm matching my answer with
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็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใฎใงใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใจใ‚‚็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ไธ€่‡ดใ•ใ›ใพใ™
82:27
neither, because neither is negative. OK, neither do I. Now there's a casual, a more
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ใ€‚ OKใ€ ็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
82:35
casual, informal way that native English speakers answer that, and we simply say me neither,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใใ‚Œใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใงใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œ็งใ‚‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใ€Œ
82:43
me neither. That's.
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็งใ‚‚ใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
82:44
A little more of a casual way, but I say it all the time. Neither do I is, you know, the
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใ‚‚
82:53
formal way. Me neither. I don't speak French. Me neither. I don't speak French. Neither
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ๆญฃๅผใชใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
83:01
do I. Now, I don't want to confuse you, but it is possible to answer this with either.
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็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
83:07
But it's not that common. OK, but I just want you to know that is possible. I don't speak
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“
83:14
French.
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ใ€‚
83:15
How can I answer this with either? Do you know? If you do, put it in the comments. Bonus
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใง็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
83:18
points if you know this one, Put it in the comments. If I wanted to answer with either
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๅฆๅฎšใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใง็ญ”ใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
83:23
to a negative, I would have to make either negative. Okay. I would have to say I don't
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ใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšใซใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
83:30
speak French. I don't either. I don't either. I don't speak French. I don't either.
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ใ€‚ ็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
83:36
In this case, there's only one possible answer, so that's definitely a possibility. It's just
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹็ญ”ใˆใฏ 1 ใคใ ใ‘ใช ใฎใงใ€ใใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใ‚‚
83:40
not as common as saying me neither, neither do I. But remember negative statement. You
783
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ใƒ€ใƒกใ€็งใ‚‚ใƒ€ใƒกใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใปใฉไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
83:47
use neither to agree with that negative statement. I don't like coffee.
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ใใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใซๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
83:53
Neither do I. Now before you go, just one more bonus thing. OK, now imagine it was a
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็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค ใ ใ‘ใŠใพใ‘ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใ ใฃใŸใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
84:00
positive statement. OK? And my friend said I speak French. My answer would be. Me too.
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ใ€‚ OK๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆๅ‹้”ใฏ ็งใŒใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏใ“ใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใ‚‚ใ€‚
84:06
Me too. So do I. So do I. So if it's a positive statement and you're agreeing positively,
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็งใ‚‚ใ€‚ So do I. So do I. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช ็™บ่จ€ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใซๅŒๆ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
84:12
we don't use.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
84:13
Either. And we don't use neither. OK, so those don't exist in this situation. They're not
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ใพใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ OKใ€ ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
84:20
choices. You're doing awesome. Feel free to hit pause and take a break. And when you're
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ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใญใ€‚ ่‡ช็”ฑใซ ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰
84:25
ready, let's move on to the difference between anyway anyways, anyhow, and any who. And at
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ใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใจใซใ‹ใ ใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใใ—ใฆ่ชฐใงใ‚‚ใฎ้•ใ„ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
84:32
the end of this lesson, there will be a quiz and you can download the free PDF summary.
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใฏใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็„กๆ–™ใฎๆฆ‚่ฆ PDF ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
84:40
Let's go.
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ใ•ใ‚่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚
84:41
First, let's talk about anyway and anyways. What's the difference between these two? Well,
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ใพใšใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใจใจใซใ‹ใใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎ้•ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
84:46
it's very simple. One of these words is grammatically correct and the other is slang. Do you know
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ใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ†ใก 1 ใคใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซ ๆญฃใ—ใใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏไฟ—่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚ŒใŒใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
84:55
which one is slang? Well, anyways, with an S is slang. It doesn't exist in English as
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๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ S ใฏใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
85:03
a word.
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ใ€‚
85:04
This may surprise you because native speakers use anyways all the time. In fact, I would
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใจใซใ‹ใใ„ใคใ‚‚ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ้ฉšใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€
85:11
say that anyways with an S is just as common as anyway, even though technically anyways
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S ใฎไป˜ใ„ใŸ ใจใซใ‹ใ ใฏใ€ๅŽณๅฏ†ใซใฏ
85:15
with an S is not a word in English, it's slang.
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใฏใชใใ€ไฟ—่ชžใงใ™ใŒใ€S ใฎไป˜ใ„ใŸใจใซใ‹ใใฏใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
85:18
Regardless, you will hear anyways in formal situations like Ted talks or formal presentations,
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ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€ ใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎ่ฌ›ๆผ”ใ‚„ๆญฃๅผใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใชใฉใฎๆญฃๅผใช็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใ€Œใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ€
85:24
even from politicians and doctors you will hear anyways being used all the time.
802
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ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใ‚„ๅŒปๅธซใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ€Œใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใŒ ๅธธใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
85:30
But remember, any way without the S anyway is the grammatically correct choice in any
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ใ€S ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„้ธๆŠžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
85:36
situation.
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ใ€‚
85:37
Now let's talk about how to use any way and any how. They have the exact same meaning.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚
85:44
They're interchangeable, which means you can use any way, or you can use anyhow. It doesn't
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ไบคๆ›ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
85:51
matter. They're both adverbs, and they have three common meanings. So let's review each
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ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ 3 ใคใฎๅ…ฑ้€šใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—
85:58
meaning and we'll look at example sentences.
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ใ€ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
86:01
The first meaning we use anyway and any how to mean in any case without regard to other
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ใจใซใ‹ใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใจใ€ ไป–ใฎ่€ƒๆ…ฎไบ‹้ …ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใชใใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่กจใ™ใ‹ใงใ™
86:10
considerations. For example, let's say you're planning a family dinner at a new restaurant
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใŸใ„ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงๅฎถๆ—ใงใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒŠใƒผใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™
86:16
you want to try, but you're not sure if this restaurant takes reservations.
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ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใŒไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
86:21
You might say to your family member, I'm not sure if the restaurant takes reservations.
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ๅฎถๆ—ใซใ€Œ ใใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใŒไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
86:27
Anyway, I'll call tonight. So this means without regard to other considerations in any case,
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ไปŠๅคœ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ไป–ใฎ่€ƒๆ…ฎไบ‹้ …ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹
86:33
so it doesn't matter if the.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
86:36
Restaurant takes reservations or doesn't take reservations. You're going to call. Remember
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ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
86:40
you can use anyhow and they have the exact same meaning. So I could say I'm not sure
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
86:55
if the restaurant takes reservations. I'll call tonight. Anyhow, notice I changed the
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ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใŒไบˆ็ด„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปŠๅคœ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎไฝ็ฝฎใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
86:58
placement of the adverb.
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ใ€‚
86:59
The policemen can come at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence.
819
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่ญฆๅฏŸๅฎ˜ใฏๆ–‡ใฎๅˆใ‚ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
87:05
There's no difference between these two anyway. And anyhow are also used when you provide
820
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ใ„ใšใ‚Œใซใ›ใ‚ˆใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใซ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใจใซใ‹ใใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡่ฆใช็†็”ฑใ‚„่€ƒๆ…ฎไบ‹้ …ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
87:10
a more important reason or consideration. Let's say you find out about a work conference,
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ใ€‚ ไป•ไบ‹ใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฎใ€
87:13
but you decide you're not going to go, you could say the conference.
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่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆฑบใ‚ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไผš่ญฐใจ่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
87:16
Is out of town. That's one reason you're not going to go. It's out of town, which means
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็”บใฎๅค–ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„็†็”ฑใฎไธ€ใคใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅธ‚ๅค–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
87:23
it's not in your city or your location is in a different city or different location.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใซใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ‰€ๅœจๅœฐใŒ ๅˆฅใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใพใŸใฏๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
87:31
So that's one reason. But you want to provide a more important reason why you're not going
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็†็”ฑใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ•ใ‚กใƒฌใƒณใ‚นใซ ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้‡่ฆใช็†็”ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
87:38
to the conference. You could say the conference is out of town and I have another meeting
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ•ใ‚กใƒฌใƒณใ‚นใฏ ็”บใฎๅค–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใใฎๆ—ฅใฏๅˆฅใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
87:48
that day anyway.
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ใ€‚
87:49
So the fact that you have another meeting is more important than the fact that the conference
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏใ€ใใฎ ไผš่ญฐใŒ
87:58
is out of town, and we use the adverb anyway to show that with this meaning, the placement
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็”บใฎๅค–ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏ
88:07
of the adverb is also flexible and it can come at the beginning of the sentence or the
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎ้…็ฝฎใ‚‚ๆŸ”่ปŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅ…ˆ้ ญใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใจใซใ‹ใๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใพใŸใฏ
88:16
end of the sentence. So I could also say the conference is out of town.
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ๆ–‡ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ•ใ‚กใƒฌใƒณใ‚นใฏ้ƒŠๅค–ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
88:27
And anyhow, I have another meeting that day. Notice it came at the beginning of the sentence,
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใฏๅˆฅใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใฆใ„ใพใ™
88:35
but I put the adverb and.
833
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ใŒใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž and ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
88:37
To act as a transition word and anyhow so you will commonly see anyhow or any way with
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็งป่กŒ่ชžใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ and anyhow ใฏใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซ and but so ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฐใ•ใชๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€anyhow ใพใŸใฏ any way ใ‚’็›ฎใซใ—ใพใ™
88:43
a small adverb like and but so in front of it. That doesn't change the meaning in any
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ‚‹ๅฝขใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
88:49
way, in any way and you can just get rid of it and the sentence would be the same. The
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ๆ–‡ใฏๅŒใ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
88:59
conference is out of town.
837
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ไผš่ญฐใฏ็”บใฎๅค–ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
89:04
Anyhow, I have another meeting that day. The final way we use anyway and anyhow is as a
838
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ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ใใฎๆ—ฅใฏๅˆฅใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใจใจใซใ‹ใใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
89:14
transition word to transition from one conversation topic to another conversation topic.
839
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ไผš่ฉฑใฎ ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎไผš่ฉฑใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ็งป่กŒใ™ใ‚‹็งป่กŒๅ˜่ชžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
89:20
And this might be the most common way it's used. And this might be the way you're most
840
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฟซ้ฉใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
89:29
comfortable using it. And you can use any way or anyhow, it doesn't matter. And of course
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
89:38
you can use any ways, but remember, that's slang. So let's say you're having a conversation
842
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ‹ไบบใจไผš่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ไธป้กŒใฎไป•ไบ‹
89:50
with your friend and you're talking about one subject work.
843
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
89:54
You're talking about work work. Work is really busy at work right now and we need to hire
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ไป•ไบ‹ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจไป•ไบ‹ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟ™ใ—ใใ€
90:00
another accountant. But now you don't want to talk about work anymore with your friend,
845
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ๅˆฅใฎไผš่จˆๅฃซใ‚’้›‡ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠใฏ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅ‹้”ใจไป•ไบ‹ใฎ่ฉฑใฏใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ€
90:09
you want to change the topic, you can say. Anyway, how was Italy?
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่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
90:15
So your friend just got back from this vacation and you want to now change the topic from
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ใใ“ใงใ€ๅ‹ไบบใŒไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใชใฎใงใ€ ่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’
90:23
work to your friend's vacation. Works really busy now we need to hire another accountant.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‹ไบบใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใซๅค‰ใˆใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป•ไบ‹ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ ๅฟ™ใ—ใใ€็พๅœจๅˆฅใฎไผš่จˆๅฃซใ‚’้›‡ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
90:30
Anyhow, how is Italy? Tell me about Italy.
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ใใ‚Œใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใซใคใ„ใฆๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
90:33
Again, you can use any way or anyhow, but with this meaning to change conversation topics,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€any way ใพใŸใฏ anyhow ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไผš่ฉฑใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€
90:39
we most commonly put the adverb at the beginning of the second sentence, so we don't commonly
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ˆ้ ญใซ็ฝฎใใฎใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใง ใ€
90:45
put it at the end of the sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใฉใฎ
90:49
And you can still use another transition word like and so, but you're talking about work.
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ๅˆฅใฎ็งป่กŒๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
91:02
We need to hire another accountant. So anyway. And anyway. But anyway, how was Italy?
854
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็งใŸใกใฏๅˆฅใฎไผš่จˆๅฃซใ‚’้›‡ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใจใซใ‹ใใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
91:08
Now finally, let's talk about the difference between any how and any who. Any who is a
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ใ•ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€any how ใจ any who ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
91:14
slang replacement to. Anyhow, you can use it the exact same way you use anyhow. Remember
856
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ใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใจใชใ‚‹ไบบใ€‚ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ไปŠใพใงใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใชใฎใง่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
91:23
though, it's slang. Now notice the spelling because most commonly when we use this in
857
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆ ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใง ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏ
91:30
a text message for example, it's spelled any.
858
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any ใจ็ถดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
91:34
Who? Hoo. That's because we're borrowing from the word how, and we're just changing it slightly
859
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WHO๏ผŸ ใปใƒผใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ howใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿ็”จใ—ใ€ใ€Œwhoใ€ใซๅฐ‘ใ—ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ ใ‘ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
91:45
to who. So you may see it written as any who, but it's more commonly written as any who.
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€any who ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€any who ใจๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
91:52
In pronunciation, there's no difference at all any who is.
861
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็™บ้Ÿณใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ่ชฐใŒ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅ…จใ้•ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
91:57
Fun, light hearted, casual way to say anyhow, but keep in mind that it isn't commonly used.
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ใจใซใ‹ใๆฅฝใ—ใใฆใ€ๆฐ—่ปฝใงใ€ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ ใŒใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
92:04
Remember I said that? Anyways, even though it's slang, it's used 50% of the time. That's
863
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็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใจใซใ‹ใใ€ ใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€50๏ผ…ใฎ็ขบ็Ž‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
92:09
not the same with any who any who isn't very common, and in fact some native speakers,
864
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใชใ„ไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฎไธญใซใฏใ€ๅ‡บ่บซ
92:15
depending on the region they're from, they might not even know what it is.
865
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ๅœฐๅŸŸใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ใ•ใˆ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
92:18
And they may think you just made a mistake and you meant to say anyhow. So because it
866
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใŸใ ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใจใซใ‹ใ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
92:29
isn't very commonly used, and because it's slang, I don't recommend using it. Now you
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใšใ€ ใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไฝฟ็”จใฏใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใจใซใ‹ใใจใซใ‹ใ
92:33
know how to use anyway anyways anyhow. And anyhoo, Are you ready for your quiz? Here
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ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
92:40
are your questions. Hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit
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ใ”่ณชๅ•ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
92:48
play for the answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
92:49
Let's see how well you did on that quiz. Here are your answers. So hit pause, review these
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ญ”ใˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ›ž็ญ”ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—
92:58
answers, compare them to your own, and when you're done, hit play.
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ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ›ž็ญ”ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
93:03
So how did you do with that quiz? Share your score in the comments below. And remember,
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’
93:09
you can download the PDF that summarizes everything from this lesson so you can practice it and
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ใ™ในใฆใพใจใ‚ใŸ PDF ใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆใ€ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š
93:15
review it. So the link to download the PDF is right there. You can go there and download
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ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ PDFใ‚’ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒ ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€
93:24
it anytime. Way to go. Let's move on and talk about as soon as and as long as.
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ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใ™ใŒใ€‚ ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ€ ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ใใ—ใฆใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘้•ทใ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
93:32
Let's start with as soon as you can think of this as a time reference. OK, we're talking
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็›ฎๅฎ‰ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ OKใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
93:42
about time, and as soon as you can, translate that to immediately after. OK, immediately
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ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็›ดๅพŒใซ็ฟป่จณใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ OKใ€
93:50
after something happens. For example, call your mother as soon as you get home.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ็›ดๅพŒใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซๆฏ่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
93:55
OK, so remember we can think of as soon as as immediately after. So immediately after
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OKใ€ใ™ใใซใงใ‚‚็›ดๅพŒใงใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
94:01
you get home, call your mother. So imagine you're walking home, you open your door, you
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ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซๆฏ่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎถใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆ
94:07
enter your house. OK, immediately after. So the first thing you're going to do when you
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ๅฎถใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€็›ดๅพŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
94:14
get home is call your mother.
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ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใพใšๆฏ่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
94:16
Call your mother as soon as you get home. Now it's important to keep in mind that the
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ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซๆฏ่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€
94:24
structure of this is flexible. I can use as soon as to start the sentence and I can say
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ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏๆŸ”่ปŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ็•™ๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใซใฏ as on ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ—ใ€
94:33
as soon as you get home. As soon as you get home, call your mother and they mean exactly
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ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซๆฏ่ฆชใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅ…จใ
94:43
the same thing.
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ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
94:44
Another example. Send me that report as soon as you get the numbers. So immediately after
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซใใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซ
94:55
you get the numbers, what are you going to do? You're going to send me the report? Send
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹? ๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใ‚’็งใซ้€ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
95:03
me the report as soon as you get the numbers.
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ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒๅ‡บใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
95:07
And remember, we can switch the sentence structure as well. So right in the comments below, what
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ€
95:14
would be the alternative way to write this? Starting with as soon as. So pause the video
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ๆ—ฉ้€Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆ
95:20
and write that in the comments below to practice. Did you get it? As soon as you get the numbers?
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ใ€ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใฎๆ—จใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒๅ‡บใŸใ‚‰ใ™ใใซ๏ผŸ
95:26
As soon as you get the numbers, send me the report. Now let's talk about as long as.
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ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šๆฌก็ฌฌใ€ๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใ‚’็งใซ้€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใใฎ้™ใ‚Šใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
95:37
As long as and as soon as are very different, the only thing they share is that they both
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long as ใจ asoon as ใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅ…ฑ้€šใ™ใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ็‚นใฏใ€ไธกๆ–นใซ
95:46
have as and as. OK, but they're used very differently now with as long as we're offering
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as ใจ as ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆกไปถใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
95:55
a condition. OK, this will make sense with an example sentence. So let me give you an
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ใ€‚ OKใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใฐๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
96:02
example. I'll go to the party as long as you give me a ride.
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ใ€‚ ่ปŠใซไน—ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ ใ€‚
96:08
OK, so there's a condition, right? I will only go to the party if you give me a ride.
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๆกไปถใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ปŠใซไน—ใ›ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸๅ ดๅˆใฎใฟใ€็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
96:13
If you don't give me a ride, I won't go to the party. That's the condition. So we use
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่ปŠใซไน—ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใฏ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆกไปถใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
96:18
as long as. For identifying a condition, I'll go to the party as long as you give me a ride.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘้•ทใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็—‡็Šถใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ่ปŠใซไน—ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
96:25
Now, just like with as soon as, this sentence structure is flexible as well. So think about
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ใ•ใฆใ€ as Soon as ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ ๆง‹้€ ใ‚‚ๆŸ”่ปŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
96:31
this. Hit pause and change the sentence structure so we begin with as long as. OK, put your
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ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ ้•ทใๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€
96:45
answer in the comments below. Did you get it? As long as you give me a ride, I'll go
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ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ๏ผŸ ่ปŠใซไน—ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€
96:51
to the party.
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
96:52
Another example. I'll help you with that report as long as you buy me lunch. So my offer to
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็งใฎ็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใฏ
97:03
help you is conditional. And I'll only help you if what if you buy me lunch, right? That's
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ๆกไปถไป˜ใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใ‚‚ใ—ๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
97:12
the as long as as long as you buy me lunch, I'll help you with that report as long as
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ ็งใฏ
97:21
you buy me lunch.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใƒฌใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
97:22
Now again, think about changing that sentence structure. Hit pause and write the alternative
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€
97:28
sentence structure in the comments below. Did you get it? As long as you buy me lunch,
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ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๆ˜ผ้ฃŸใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใใฆใใ‚Œใ‚Œใฐใ€
97:36
I'll help you with that report.
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ใใฎๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
97:39
To summarize, we have two great conjunctions as soon as which you can think of immediately
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่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็›ดๅพŒใซๆ€ใ„ใคใ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ฐใƒฌใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ as ๆ—ฉใใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
97:45
after something, and we have as long as which is used to offer a condition.
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ใ€ๆกไปถใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ as long as ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
97:54
All right, now you know how to use as soon as and as long as confidently. Now you practice.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
98:01
Make sure you write one example with as soon as and one example with as long as in the
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ€as short as ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใจ as long as ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ใ‚’ 1 ใคใšใคๆ›ธใ„ใฆ
98:13
comments below, and then change that to the other sentence structure so you get comfortable
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไป–ใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆใ€
98:17
with both of them. You're doing amazing. Let's keep going and talk about as well.
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ไธกๆ–นใฎๆ–‡ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใญใ€‚ ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚็ถšใ‘ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
98:22
And as well as first let's talk about as well as well is used when we add an additional
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใจๅŒๆง˜ ใซใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒ
98:31
piece of information, you can think of it as the same as two. So let's say your friend
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ใ€ 2 ใคใจๅŒใ˜ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒ็งใฏ
98:38
says I have to go to the bank, now you have to go to the bank.
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้Š€่กŒใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ้Š€่กŒใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
98:44
So you have to go to the bank. Your friend has to go to the bank HM so we can use as
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰้Š€่กŒใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏ ้Š€่กŒHMใซ่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใ‚‚ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
98:55
well. So again your friend says I have to go to the bank, you can say I have to go as
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใพใŸใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใŒ็งใŒ ้Š€่กŒใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚็งใ‚‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
99:02
well as well. So here is like saying to you both have to do the same action.
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธกๆ–นใŒๅŒใ˜ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
99:10
Or let's say it's early in the morning and you go to your favorite cafe for a cup of
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆœๆ—ฉใใ€ ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎใ‚ซใƒ•ใ‚งใซใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™
99:17
coffee. So you order and you say I'll have a coffee. But then you notice those muffins
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆณจๆ–‡ใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎใƒžใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใŒ
99:26
look delicious. So then you add and a muffin as well as well, so you can add as well. I'll
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็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒžใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚‚่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ๅŒๆง˜ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
99:35
have a coffee and a muffin as well.
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใจใƒžใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚‚ใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
99:39
So we're adding as well our adverb to the end of a sentence. Notice that sentence structure,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚‚ ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ€
99:52
the placement is at the end of a sentence and it's used when we're adding an additional
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้…็ฝฎใŒๆ–‡ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
100:01
point, a point that complements our first point. Now, as well as is used in a different
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ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใงใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ
100:09
way, the meaning is more advanced, it's more of an advanced grammar topic.
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ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
100:17
The meaning is not only Y but also X. OK, not only but also. For example, I have to
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ Y ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ X ใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ OK ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใใ€ใพใŸใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
100:26
go to the bank as well as the store as well as the store. So notice not only Y but also
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้Š€่กŒใซใ‚‚ใŠๅบ—ใซใ‚‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ Y ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ X ใซใ‚‚ๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚Y
100:35
X.
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100:36
Now notice how I'm saying not only Y but also X. It's because we emphasize X. So in this
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ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ X ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€X ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
100:42
case our X is bank and the Y is store. Now I'm emphasizing bank. I have to go to the
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X ใฏ้Š€่กŒใงใ€Y ใฏๅบ—่ˆ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใฏ ้Š€่กŒใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
100:45
bank as well as the store.
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ๅบ—ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ้Š€่กŒใซใ‚‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
100:46
Now let's compare that to a simple sentence with as well. I could say I have to go to
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ as well ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜็ด”ใชๆ–‡ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๅบ—ใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ—ใ€
100:51
the store and I have to go to the bank as well. So in this case, I'm adding an additional
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้Š€่กŒใซใ‚‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
100:59
place I need to go. Remember, our placement as well comes at the end of the sentence.
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่กŒใๅฟ…่ฆใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้…็ฝฎ ใ‚‚ๆ–‡ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
101:06
Now the important thing to remember is in this case, I'm not emphasizing 1 action over
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ใ“ใ“ใง่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธ€ๆ–นใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ไป–ๆ–นใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
101:09
the other. They're equal importance. The bank, the store, they're equal. But when I use as
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ้Š€่กŒใ‚‚ ใŠๅบ—ใ‚‚ๅนณ็ญ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒๅŒๆง˜ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
101:15
well as, the bank is more important. It has more emphasis than the store. I have to go
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ใ€้Š€่กŒใฎๆ–นใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅบ—่ˆ—ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้‡็‚นใ‚’็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
101:22
to the bank as well as the store.
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ๅบ—ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ้Š€่กŒใซใ‚‚่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
101:25
Now notice the placement with as well as. We use as well as before the 2nd noun. The
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ๆฌกใซใ€ ใจ ใฎ้…็ฝฎใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ 2็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๅŒๆง˜ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ the
101:32
store is our second noun as well as the store, but with as well. It's simply at the end,
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store ใฏ the store ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€ with ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
101:39
the very end of the sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
101:41
One more example showing both side by side. Let's say I was at the mall yesterday and
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ไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไธฆในใฆ็คบใ™ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€
101:49
I could tell my friend I bought a sweater and a tshirt as well. Remember as well, I'm
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ๅ‹้”ใซใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ ใจ T ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚‚่ฒทใฃใŸใจไผใˆใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
101:57
just adding an additional item. I bought a sweater and a tshirt as well.
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่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎ้ …็›ฎใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใจTใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚‚่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
102:03
Now let's say I want to identify 2 qualities that the sweater has, but I want to emphasize
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๆŒใค 2 ใคใฎๅ“่ณชใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ—ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ไธ€ๆ–นใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ—ใพใ™
102:10
one over the other. I could say the sweater is beautiful as well as comfortable. So two
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใชใๅฟซ้ฉใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
102:14
items, Beautiful and comfortable. But I'm emphasizing beautiful. The sweater is beautiful
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็พŽใ—ใใฆๅฟซ้ฉใช2ใคใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏ ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘
102:16
as well as comfortable.
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ใงใชใๅฟซ้ฉใงใ™ใ€‚
102:17
So now you can see them side by side and understand how they're used differently. And of course
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธฆในใฆ่กจ็คบใ—ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏ
102:22
it's your turn to practice. So I want you to do the same thing. Give an example where
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚ ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
102:30
first you can use as well.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅŒๆง˜ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
102:32
And then make a statement where you're identifying 2 characteristics or two items, 2 nouns, and
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ 2 ใคใฎ็‰นๅพดใพใŸใฏ 2 ใคใฎ้ …็›ฎใ€2 ใคใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใ€ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ
102:38
you're emphasizing one, and use as well as. So put your example in the comments below.
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1 ใคใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ€ as and ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
102:44
Amazing job, hit, pause, take a break if you need. And when you're ready, let's talk about
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ๆ‰“ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€
102:49
as much as as much as can be used in two very different ways depending on the context.
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ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ 2 ใคใฎใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
103:01
And you're going to learn how to use both of these ways by the end of the video. So
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ไธกๆ–นใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
103:08
here we go with meaning. Number one, you can use as much as when you have two different
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ 2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ€
103:15
things and you want to say that those two things are equal in amount or degree. Let's
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎ ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ้‡ใพใŸใฏ็จ‹ๅบฆใŒ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
103:21
take a look at an example sentence. I deserve that promotion as much as she does.
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ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็งใ‚‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใฎๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
103:22
As you can see in this example, we have two different things and we're talking about amount,
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€2 ใคใฎ ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้‡‘้กใ€ใคใพใ‚Šๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹้‡‘้กใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
103:34
the amount that I deserve the promotion. And what's the other amount, The amount that she
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎ้‡‘้กใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผๅฅณใŒ
103:41
deserves the promotion. OK, so let's say the amount that she deserves the promotion is
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ๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹้‡‘้กใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹้‡‘้กใŒ
103:45
this much now.
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ไปŠใ“ใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
103:46
If I want to use as much as remember it's equal. So she deserves the promotion this
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่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ใชใ‚‰ ๅŒ็ญ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ™ใ‚‹
103:53
much. I deserve the promotion this much. It's equal. I deserve the promotion as much as
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅนณ็ญ‰ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ็งใ‚‚ๅฝผๅฅณใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ˜‡้€ฒใซๅ€คใ—ใพใ™
103:58
she does. Let me give you another example and then I'll get you to try your own example
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ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™
104:06
sentence. Okay. I could say that Jose participated in the conference.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใƒ›ใ‚ปใฏไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
104:11
As much as Maria did okay. So here we have amount of participation or the degree to which
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ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใŒใ‚„ใฃใŸๅˆ†ใซใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใ ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใจใƒ›ใ‚ปใฎๅ‚ๅŠ ้‡ใพใŸใฏ็จ‹ๅบฆใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
104:18
Maria participated and Jose participated. But you might just want to think of them in
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ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€้‡‘้กใฎ่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่€ƒใˆใŸใปใ†ใŒใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
104:24
terms of amount. So Jose participated in the conference this much. I can't really make
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใƒ›ใ‚ปใฏไผš่ญฐใซใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
104:30
it different in sizes this much.
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ใ“ใ“ใพใงใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
104:33
And Maria participated in the conference. This much They're equal. Let me give you one
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ใใ—ใฆใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใ‚‚ไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅนณ็ญ‰ใ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
104:39
more example, and I'll make it an easy example that everyone can understand. You ate as much
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ใ€‚่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸ
104:45
cake as I did. OK, so we have the amount of cake that you ate, the amount of cake that
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ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้ฃŸในใŸใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฎ้‡ใจ
104:52
I ate, and they are.
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็งใŒ้ฃŸในใŸใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฎ้‡ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
104:54
Equal, right? Now look at the sentence structure. What do you notice that's a little bit different
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ๅŒ็ญ‰ใฎๆจฉๅˆฉ๏ผŸ ๆฌกใซๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใŒ ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹
105:02
here. HM you ate as much cake as I did. So notice here I've added in the something. So
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ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚็งใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’้ฃŸในใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
105:15
ate is a verb, right? But if I want to specify ate, what?
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ate ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ate ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ‹?
105:25
If I wanna add the something, look at the placement here. As much something as. OK,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใฎ้…็ฝฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€‚ OKใ€
105:32
so that's when you're including a noun, and the purpose of that just would be to specify
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏๅ˜ใซ 8 ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
105:39
8 what?
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?
105:40
I could leave out Cake, I can leave that something out and I could simply say I ate as much as
989
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ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’็œใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ—ใ€ใใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็œใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ—ใ€ ๅ˜ใซใ‚ใชใŸใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้ฃŸในใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
105:49
you did. Now, the only difference here is that I'm specifying Cake, right? But if Cake
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€ Cake ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€Cake ใŒ
105:52
is on the table, it's obvious based on context that we're talking about Cake. I don't necessarily
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ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใฎไธŠใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€ Cake ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚
105:59
need to include that in the sentence, but I wanted you to be aware of that sentence
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ๆ–‡ไธญใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
106:07
structure when we include a something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ๆ„่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
106:09
So now you know how to use the first meaning of as much as and. Remember we have two things
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€as much as and ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
106:20
and they are equal in amount or degree. So now it's your turn to practice. I want you
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้‡ใพใŸใฏ็จ‹ๅบฆใŒ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚’
106:30
to think of an example using as much as and put your example in the comments. I think
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ไฝฟใฃใŸไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ
106:36
you can have a lot of fun thinking of an example for this one.
997
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ไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
106:41
So put your example in the comments. Did you get it in the comments? OK, great. Now let's
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€2
106:49
move on to meaning #2 as much as in our second meaning. You can think of it more in terms
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็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณ #2 ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใจใฏ
106:56
of, although regardless of.
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้–ขไฟ‚ใชใใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
106:57
Or despite how much? That probably doesn't give you much information, does it? So as
1001
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ„ใใ‚‰ใ ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใญ๏ผŸ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
107:04
always, it's easier to just see this in an example. I could say, as much as I want to
1002
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไพ‹ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซ็•™ใพใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
107:12
stay, I have to go notice here as much as is at the very beginning of our sentence.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ†’้ ญใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
107:20
OK, as much as I want to stay.
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OKใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
107:23
I have to go now. You can think of this as although, although I want to stay, I have
1005
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ไปŠ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใซ ๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‘ใ‚Œใฉใ€
107:29
to go now. What does this mean? Basically, we can think of them as two individual sentences.
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ใ‚‚ใ†่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅ€‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
107:34
I want to stay. I have to go.
1007
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็งใฏๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€‚ ็งใŒ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
107:38
OK, those are two individual sentences, and then we're just combining them together using
1008
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OKใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅ€‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้‡ใ‚’ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
107:45
as much as at the very beginning. There is an easy way that this will make sense for
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
107:53
you, and that's by using. But you're most likely familiar with. But is one of the first
1010
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ˆใ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ But ใฏ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๅญฆใถๆœ€ๅˆใฎ็งป่กŒๅ˜่ชžใฎ 1 ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹
108:02
transition words that students learn, so you can think of this as.
1011
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
108:10
I want to stay, but I have to go. That could be one way that you combine these two sentences
1012
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ๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‘ใฉ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€็งป่กŒ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ 1 ใคใซ็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ 1 ใคใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
108:16
into one using the transition word. But OK and notice there's a contrast here. I want
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฏ
108:23
to stay. That's a positive, right? I have to go. That's a negative. So when we use but
1014
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ๆฎ‹ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ็งใŒ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€but ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
108:30
there's always a positive and a negative.
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ๅธธใซใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใจใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
108:33
Now we're using as much as in exactly the same way is simply the sentence structure
1016
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็พๅœจใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ–นๆณ•ใง as much ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
108:42
that's changing here. So remember, we're using as much as at the very beginning of the sentence.
1017
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ˜ใซๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๅ†’้ ญใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ๅคšใใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
108:51
As much as I want to stay, I have to go. Another example. As much as I'd love to help you,
1018
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ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ๆปžๅœจใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎ ไพ‹ใ€‚ ใœใฒใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€
109:00
I can't.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
109:01
Now, this is a very common way that we may decline to do something politely. I'm letting
1020
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธ้‡ใซๆ–ญใ‚‹้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚
109:07
you know I want to help you. I can't help you. So we have that contrast right? A positive.
1021
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใจไผใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
109:14
I want to help you, but then we have a negative. I can't help you. So we could combine those
1022
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
109:22
sentences with but I want to help you, but I can't.
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ but I want to help you but I canโ€™t ใจ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใฏใใฎ
109:27
That might be the more familiar structure to you, so this is just an alternative way
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ๆง‹้€ ใฎใปใ†ใŒใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
109:32
to form that. And I'll be honest, it does sound more advanced using this structure.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
109:39
Now remember, as much as at the very beginning, as much as I want to help you, I can't. So
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ใ•ใฆใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ้ ƒใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€็งใซใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใงใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
109:49
when you hear as much as you know that, there's going to be a contrast.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Š่žใใจใ€ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
109:59
So when someone says as much as I want to help you, even if they don't say the end part,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใ„ใจใŸใใ•ใ‚“่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ ใ€ใŸใจใˆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€
110:06
I know they're not going to help me because that's how we use as much as is with a contrast.
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็งใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ็งใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒๅฏพๆฏ”ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใฎใพใพไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
110:14
So just keep that in mind. It can be a polite way to decline doing something. For example,
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ–ญใ‚‹ไธๅฏงใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใธใฎๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ‚’
110:21
you could use it as a polite way to decline an invitation to a party. Your friend invites
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ๆ–ญใ‚‹ไธๅฏงใชๆ–นๆณ•ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅ‹้”ใŒ
110:26
you to a party and you can say.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใŸใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
110:28
As much as I'd love to go, I can't. So as much as I'd love to, that's the positive,
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่กŒใใŸใ„ใ‘ใฉ่กŒใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆ
110:34
right? I want to go to the party. But then the negative is I can't. I'm busy, I have
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ใญ๏ผŸ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใฎใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใงใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ใ€
110:44
to work, I have a deadline. I don't have a way to get there. Whatever the reason is,
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€็ท ใ‚ๅˆ‡ใ‚ŠใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซ่กŒใๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็†็”ฑใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€
110:52
as much as I'd love to go, I can't. So that could be a polite way to decline an invitation.
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่กŒใใŸใ„ใฎใซ่กŒใ‘ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ‚’ๆ–ญใ‚‹ไธๅฏงใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
111:03
So now you try try using this advanced structure where you need a contrast. OK, and remember
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใซใ“ใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ OKใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎไฝ็ฝฎใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
111:10
that placement as much as is going to be at the very beginning. So pause the video. Now
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
111:16
if you need, think of your example and then leave it in the comments. This is definitely
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ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ
111:22
an advanced structure that's going to make you sound very fluent and very advanced in
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้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ้žๅธธใซๆตๆšขใง้ซ˜ๅบฆใช
111:28
English. So you need to practice this and I'm really excited to read your example in
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใง ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใฎใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใ—ใฟใงใ™
111:34
the.
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ใ€‚
111:35
Comments. So make sure you take the time to put your example in the comments so you remember
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฟ…ใšๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใ€
111:43
how to use this structure. Let's keep going. This is your last section. Let's talk about
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ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
111:50
as adjective as this is a very common structure and we use this structure when you're comparing
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
111:56
2 things.
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ใ€‚
111:57
So when I say two things, we need 2 nouns and they can be any nouns and we're comparing
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŒ 2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏใ€2 ใคใฎๅ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใฎๅ่ฉžใงใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใใ€
112:04
them using an adjective or an adverb. Now we use as adjective as when the two things
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
112:10
that you're comparing are equal. Let's take a look at an example now. First of all, we
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ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€
112:15
need two things.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
112:16
So let's just take a look at 2 houses. I could say that this house is as big as this house.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€2่ป’ใฎๅฎถใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅฎถใฏใ“ใฎๅฎถใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„ๅคงใใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
112:24
So in this example sentence, what's my adjective? Write the adjective down in the comments.
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€็งใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
112:31
OK, what's the adjective?
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OKใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
112:33
Big of course. Big is our adjective. Now remember, we use the structure when the two items are
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๅคงใใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคงใใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ 2 ใคใฎ้ …็›ฎใŒๆฏ”่ผƒใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
112:40
comparable. But what if they aren't comparable? What about these two houses? Now in this case,
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒๆฏ”่ผƒใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ“ใฎ๏ผ’่ป’ใฎๅฎถใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
112:45
I can simply make my verb negative. So let's take a look at our original sentence.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”ใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ๅ…ƒใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
112:50
So remember, this was our original sentence when the houses were comparable. Now they're
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎถใŒๆฏ”่ผƒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ไปŠใฏ
112:54
not. So what would I need to change in this sentence to make it negative? Put your answer
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ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ? ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
113:02
in the comments. I hope you know this one. I'm sure you do. So I would simply need to
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฃใจใใ†ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
113:10
take my verb and make that negative. And in this case, I'm using the verb to be. So I
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซ่งฃ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงๆธˆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€beๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ
113:23
would say this house.
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ใ“ใฎๅฎถใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
113:25
Isn't as big as that house. So in positive form you're using the structure when two things
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ใ‚ใฎๅฎถใปใฉๅคงใใใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขๅผใงใฏใ€ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒ็ญ‰ใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
113:30
are equal, but you can still use this when two things are not equal, but you need to
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ใŒใ€ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒ็ญ‰ใ—ใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
113:36
make the verb negative. Let's take a look at another example. So I need two things.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€2 ใคใฎใ“ใจใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
113:42
I'm going to use two cars. I can say this BMW is as fast as this Lexus. So here, what's
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่ปŠใ‚’๏ผ’ๅฐไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ BMWใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚นใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้€Ÿใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€
113:50
my adjective? Put it in the comments. What's the adjective fast?
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็งใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ ?
113:54
Now, of course we can use any adjective we want. So let's think of some other examples
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎไป–ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
114:00
of adjectives. What other adjective could you use instead of fast? Hmm. What do you
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ้€Ÿใ„ใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซไป–ใซใฉใ‚“ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ‹? ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚ ใฉใ†
114:05
think? Anything come to mind? Put an example in the comments. Think of another adjective
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ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ€ใ„ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
114:08
you could use.
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ใ€‚
114:09
Well, I could talk about money and say that this BMW is as expensive. Expensive is the
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใ“ใฎ BMW ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้ซ˜ไพกใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ซ˜ไพกใจใฏใ€
114:15
adjective that deals with money. This BMW is as expensive as this Lexus. Perhaps I could
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใ†ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎBMWใฏ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚นใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„้ซ˜ไพกใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€
114:20
say this BMW is as nice as this Lexus. So what adjective did you use in the comments?
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ใ“ใฎBMWใ‚‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚นใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
114:26
Now of course, if these two cars are not comparable in terms of speed, then I can simply make
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ๅฐใฎ่ปŠใŒ้€Ÿๅบฆใฎ็‚นใงๆฏ”่ผƒใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ๅ˜ใซ
114:41
our verb negative and I can say this BMW isn't as fast as this likes this, And again, I can
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš่ชžใซใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ BMW ใฏใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉ้€Ÿใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€
114:50
use any adjective.
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ไปปๆ„ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
114:52
All right, so now it's your turn to practice. I'm going to give you 2 images and I want
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏๅ›ใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใ ใ€‚ ็”ปๅƒใ‚’ 2 ใคใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใŒใ€as ใจใ„ใ†
115:00
you to form a positive sentence using as adjective as. So here are your two gardens. Gardens.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅบญๅœ’ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅบญๅœ’ใ€‚
115:08
Now what sentence could you use? This garden?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝฟใˆใฐใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๅบญ๏ผŸ
115:11
This garden. So take your time, as much time as you need. Think about an adjective and
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ใ“ใฎๅบญๅœ’ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ€
115:17
put it in the comments below. Make sure you do this. You need to practice this. Did you
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ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฟ…ใš ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
115:24
get it in the comments? So of course the first adjective that came to my mind was beautiful.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใฎใ“ใจใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ ้ ญใซๆตฎใ‹ใ‚“ใ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏใ€Œ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ€ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
115:30
We can also have pretty colorful, lush, well maintained.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ซใƒฉใƒ•ใƒซใงใ€็ท‘่ฑŠใ‹ใงใ€ๆ‰‹ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŒ่กŒใๅฑŠใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
115:34
And maybe some other adjectives. So I'm looking forward to seeing what you had in the comments.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ไป–ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใฉใ‚“ใชๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
115:38
Now as a final exercise, I want you to take your example and make it negative. OK, that
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€
115:45
should be pretty easy for you by now. So using beautiful, I would simply say this garden
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ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใฃใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็พŽใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ ใ€ใ“ใฎๅบญใฏ
115:56
isn't as beautiful as that garden.
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ใ‚ใฎๅบญใปใฉ็พŽใ—ใใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
116:01
Now I wanted to make this video because in a previous lesson I covered as much as and
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŒใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใฎใฏใ€ ๅ‰ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
116:12
in the comments I noticed that there were some questions or that there was some confusion
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฎไธญใงใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚„ๆททไนฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
116:18
and students were using as much as when they should have been using as adjective as.
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใŒ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ในใใจใใซใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅคšใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€‚
116:24
For example, let's take out this comment from my awesome student Buddha. Now, Buddha wrote
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็”Ÿๅพ’ใƒ–ใƒƒใƒ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ–ใƒƒใƒ€ใฏ
116:31
this example but had a couple question marks at the end, so Buddha wasn't sure. And it's
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็–‘ๅ•็ฌฆใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ไป˜ใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใŸใ‚ ใ€ใƒ–ใƒƒใƒ€ใฏ็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
116:40
good that you guessed or that you weren't sure because there is something a little bit
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116:43
off about this comment. So Buddha said you are beautiful as much as me HM.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้–“้•ใฃใŸ็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงไป้™€ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็งใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„็พŽใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€HMใ€‚
116:53
Now here we definitely need the as adjective, as we use as much as when we're comparing
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€้‡ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ as much as ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ as ใŒๅฟ…ใšๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
117:00
to amount. But in that case, with as much as there isn't an adjective involved, you're
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€
117:07
simply dealing with the verb. OK, so you can review that video on as much as but here in
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ๅ˜ใซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆ‰ฑใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
117:13
Buddha's comment.
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ใƒ–ใƒƒใƒ€ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
117:14
How can we take this comment and change it so it's grammatically correct, using as adjective
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ so HM ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
117:16
as so HM. Take as much time as you need and then put your answer in the comments. So were
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ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
117:22
you able to correct Buddha's comments here? The correct comment would be You're as beautiful
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ใ“ใ“ใงใƒ–ใƒƒใƒ€ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใงใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
117:26
as me, you're as beautiful as me.
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็งใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใจๅŒใ˜ใใ‚‰ใ„็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆง‹้€ 
117:29
Because we need to use our as adjective as structure in this case. Now of course we could
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ใจใ—ใฆๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
117:35
make this negative, but I'm not going to because that wouldn't be a very nice thing to say,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„
117:39
so I don't want to make it negative.
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ใฎใงใ€ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซใฏใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
117:40
now in the comments. And if not, what adverb would you use? I'm sometimes on time, I'm
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ไปŠใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซ้Žใ”ใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ—ใ€
117:44
usually on time, I'm rarely on time or I'm never on time.
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้€šๅธธใฏๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€ ใพใฃใŸใๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
117:48
So let us know in the comments which one best describes you. Now let's talk about in time.
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ใฉใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้–“ใซๅˆใ†ใ€
117:56
In time simply means that you have sufficient time. So you can think of it as to have enough
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ใจใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅๅˆ†ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
118:02
time, enough time to do something, to do what you want to do, or to do what you need to
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚„ใ‚Š ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใ€ๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
118:07
do. But the real difference that you need to keep in mind is that there is.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏใ€ ๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
118:12
Isn't a scheduled start time? OK, so let's imagine, let's imagine that I need to buy
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้–‹ๅง‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฏๆฑบใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
118:17
some eggs. OK, because I'm going to make a cake, so I need to buy some eggs. Now. It
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ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใง ๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€‚
118:24
will take me 15 minutes to drive to the store and then 5 minutes to get my eggs.
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ๅบ—ใพใง่ปŠใง15ๅˆ†ใ€ ๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใพใงใซ5ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
118:31
So the amount of time I need is 20 minutes. Now let's say that the store closes in 25
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชๆ™‚้–“ใฏ 20 ๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใใฎๅบ—ใŒใ‚ใจ 25 ๅˆ†ใง้–‰ๅบ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
118:37
minutes. So I don't have a lot of time, right? But remember, there isn't a scheduled time
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ™‚้–“ใŒใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅบ—ใซ็€ใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฏๆฑบใพใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
118:42
that I need to get to the store. I don't have an appointment at the store to buy eggs, right?
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ใ€‚ ๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใŸใ‚ใซๅบ—ใซ่กŒใ็ด„ๆŸใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
118:54
So that's the thing, there isn't a.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
118:57
Scheduled time, But I need a sufficient amount of time to buy my eggs before the store closes.
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ไบˆๅฎšๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใŒใ€้–‰ๅบ—ใพใง ใซๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
119:04
So maybe I could say, Oh no, I'm not going to get there in time. I'm not going to get
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†้–“ใซๅˆใ‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ ใ€‚
119:09
there in time. Because remember, I need 20 minutes to complete this task.
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ๆ™‚้–“ๅ†…ใซใใ“ใซ็€ใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ 20 ๅˆ†ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
119:15
But the store closes in 25 minutes. Of course it's going to might take me a little bit longer,
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ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใจ25ๅˆ†ใง้–‰ๅบ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
119:23
right? So I might be concerned, Oh no, I'm not going to get there in time. It's like
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ใญ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†้–“ใซๅˆใ‚ใชใ„ใ€ใจๅฟƒ้…ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’
119:28
saying I don't have enough time to do what I want to do. But let's say thankfully there
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ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใซใฏๆ™‚้–“ใŒ่ถณใ‚Šใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅนธใ„ใชใ“ใจใซ
119:35
was no traffic at all and I got there in 15 minutes.
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ๆธ‹ๆปžใฏใพใฃใŸใใชใใ€15ๅˆ†ใงๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
119:39
Then I could say who I got here in time. I got here in time. It's not on time because
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ชฐใŒใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚’ๆ™‚้–“ๅ†…ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ้–“ใซๅˆใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ“ใ“ใซ็€ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
119:48
there isn't a scheduled event. It's in time simply because it means I have enough time,
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ไบˆๅฎšใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใŒใชใ„ใฎใง้–“ใซๅˆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅๅˆ†ใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€
119:55
sufficient time.
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ๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ ใ‘ใฎ็†็”ฑใงใ€้–“ใซๅˆใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
119:56
To do.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ้–‰ๅบ—
119:58
What I need to do buy eggs before the store closes.
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ๅ‰ใซๅตใ‚’่ฒทใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
120:05
So it's a very subtle difference, right? And I think the easiest way for you to know which
1131
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅพฎๅฆ™ใช้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ในใใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€
120:14
one should I use is just remember on time is for a scheduled event. If you have a meeting
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ใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
120:21
that starts at a scheduled time, an appointment, a class, anything like that, then you would
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ไบˆๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ™‚้–“ใซๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ไผš่ญฐใ€็ด„ๆŸใ€ ๆŽˆๆฅญใชใฉใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
120:27
use on time.
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on time ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
120:30
And if you're just talking about having enough time, sufficient time, then you use in time.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ˜ใซๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ๅๅˆ†ใชๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ in time ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
120:39
The best way to feel confident with these is really to practice. So I want you to leave
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใคใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€
120:46
2 examples for each, Two examples for on time and two examples for in time. Put them in
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ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไบˆๅฎšใฉใŠใ‚Šใฎไพ‹ใŒ 2 ใคใจ ใ€ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใฎไพ‹ใŒ 2 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
120:55
the comments below and that way I can review them and if I see any mistakes then I can
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ€็งใŒ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏ
121:02
correct them and address them. So now you know the difference between on time.
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ไฟฎๆญฃใ—ใฆๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ใฉใŠใ‚Šใฎ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
121:08
And in time. Are you ready for your quiz? Here are the questions. Hit pause. Take as
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ใใ—ใฆ้–“ใซๅˆใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
121:17
much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
121:24
How?
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ๏ผŸ
121:25
Did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and let's
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใงใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
121:32
continue on to the next group. Now let's talk about the difference between a fact and a
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ไบ‹ๅฎŸใจไบ‹ๅฎŸใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
121:39
fact. A fact.
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ใ€‚ ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€‚
121:41
Is this a noun or a verb? Put it in the comments below noun.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹? ๅ่ฉžใฎไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
121:48
Or verb.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
121:49
Did you get it? Are you sure? Do you know which one? A fact?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๆœฌๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใฉใฃใกใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไบ‹ๅฎŸ๏ผŸ
121:55
Is a verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
121:57
OK, verb it's an action word, so brain association affect action affect.
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OKใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•ไฝœใฎๅ˜่ชžใชใฎใงใ€่„ณใฎ้–ข้€ฃไป˜ใ‘ใŒ ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใ€ๅ‹•ไฝœใŒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
122:00
Action. That can be an easy way for you to remember that. OK, so now I'm going to make
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€
122:09
this very easy for you. Put it in the comments. Effect. Is that a noun?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅŠนๆžœใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
122:14
Or a verb.
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ใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
122:16
What do you think?
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
122:18
Put it in the comments. Well, of course, if all fact is a verb, then effect is a noun.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎไบ‹ๅฎŸใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅŠนๆžœใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
122:30
So really, right there. Boom. You know the difference? Because like I said, if you know,
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ–ใƒผใƒ ใ€‚ ้•ใ„ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€
122:36
if one's A verb and one's A noun, then based on sentence structure only one of them can
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ A ใงๅ่ฉžใŒ A ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 1 ใคใ ใ‘ใ‚’
122:44
be used. But let me give you some examples so you can really see the difference. And
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ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ้•ใ„ใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
122:51
then at the end I'm going to show you how you can actually use effect and.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚จใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
122:57
Effect in the same sentence. And this does happen more than you would.
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ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ๅ†…ใฎๅŠนๆžœใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ€ใ†ไปฅไธŠใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
123:02
Think.
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่€ƒใˆใ€‚
123:03
So let's start with.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
123:04
A.
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123:05
Fact. Like I said, a fact is a verb. So for sentence structure, something affects something.
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€‚ ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
123:10
That's really the structure that you need to remember. So let's see before we go any
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ๅ‰ใซ
123:17
further, if you can think of an example sentence using.
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ใ€ ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸไพ‹ๆ–‡ใŒๆ€ใ„ใคใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
123:22
Affect.
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ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ€‚
123:23
Put it in the comments. Pause the video if you need. Put that example sentence using
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅŠนๆžœใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
123:27
effect in the comments below. Did you put one in the comments? OK, here's mine. The
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไธ€ใคๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ๏ผŸ OKใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
123:34
dry weather affected.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใŒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใŸใ€‚
123:35
The crops.
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ไฝœ็‰ฉใ€‚
123:36
Remember our sentence structure? We have something. What's the something? Put it in the comments.
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ็งใŸใกใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
123:41
What's the something? The dry weather, Right. That's our something. Something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸ ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๆฐ—ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚
123:45
Affects something the dry weather affected the.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ ใ€‚
123:48
Crops.
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ไฝœ็‰ฉใ€‚
123:49
So the other something is Put it in the comments. It's the crop. So we have something affects
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ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใฏใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไฝœ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
123:57
something. But what do you notice about effect in this sentence? It's a verb, right? So what
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๅŠนๆžœใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใพใ™ใ‹ ? ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€
124:04
verb tense is this sentence in?
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
124:07
What verb tenses this in? Put it in the comments below. The dry weather affected past simple,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใŸ
124:13
so we know this is a completed action in the past, and that's what you mean to remember
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ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ้ŽๅŽปใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใง่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
124:25
with affect.
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ใ€‚
124:26
Because it's a.
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ใ ใฃใฆใ€‚
124:29
Verb. It's going to be conjugated in different structures based on the context of the sentence.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆง‹้€ ใงๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
124:35
Now, because a fact is a verb, I can take this sentence and put it in the present simple.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ˜็ด”็พๅœจๅฝขใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
124:40
For example, I can put it in a different verb tense, which simply just changes the meaning.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๅ‹•่ฉžๆ™‚ๅˆถใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
124:48
So pause the video if you need and think about what would this sentence be in the present
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใŒ็พๅœจ
124:53
simple. And when you have your answer, put it in the comments below.
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ๅ˜็ด”ๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ญ”ใˆใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ่พผใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใŒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ™ใ‚‹
124:57
So take your time, pause the video if you need the dry weather affected the.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
125:03
Crops.
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ไฝœ็‰ฉใ€‚
125:04
What would that be in the present Simple? Do you have it? It would be.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใงใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
125:10
The dry weather affects.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใŒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
125:12
The crops.
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ไฝœ็‰ฉใ€‚
125:13
Did you get that as yeah, I made it really dramatic there. Obviously you wouldn't say
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ใฏใ„ใ€็งใŒใใ“ใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใซไป•ไธŠใ’ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ็†่งฃใงใใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
125:20
that in real situation, but just so you remember effect.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅŠนๆžœใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใŸใ‚ใซใ ใ‘ใงใ™ ใ€‚
125:23
Is a.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
125:24
Verb The dry weather as a subject would be what it right it affects.
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ๅ‹•่ฉž ไธป่ชžใจใ—ใฆใฎไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใพใ•ใซ ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
125:29
The.
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ใ€‚
125:30
Crops.
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ไฝœ็‰ฉใ€‚
125:31
So we.
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ใใ‚Œใง็งใŸใกใฏใ€‚
125:32
Need to remember to conjugate our verb and in the present simple we add an S to ** *** it
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ใงใฏใ€***** ใซ S ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
125:38
verbs OK the dry weather affects.
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ๅ‹•่ฉž OK ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใŒๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
125:39
The.
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ใ€‚
125:40
Crops.
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ไฝœ็‰ฉใ€‚
125:41
So it's important for you to remember that effect is what a noun or a verb? Put it in
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅŠนๆžœใจใฏๅ่ฉžใชใฎใ‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
125:45
the comments.
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ใ€‚
125:46
It's a verb, and because of that it needs to be conjugated according to the time reference
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‚็…ง
125:53
and according to the subject as well. Now let's move on to effect. Effect is what a
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ใ‚„ไธป่ชžใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ‚จใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅŠนๆžœใจใฏ
126:01
noun or a verb? Put it in the comments.
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ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
126:07
The fact is a noun, and you can think of it as.
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
126:13
The result?
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็ตๆžœ๏ผŸ
126:14
Of something. OK, because remember, nouns are people, places or things. So in this case
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใฏ ไบบใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
126:20
it's like a thing is the result of something. It's a a thing. It's a noun effect. And remember,
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ็ตๆžœใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžๅŠนๆžœใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
126:27
because it's a noun, it could have an article.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ† ่ฉžใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
126:33
Or it could be singular or.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
126:36
Plural.
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใ€‚
126:37
Those would be our choices with a noun. So let's take a look at an example. I could say
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฎ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅŠนๆžœใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
126:46
the effect.
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ใ€‚
126:47
Of the.
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ใฎใ€‚
126:48
Dry weather was devastating.
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใฏๅฃŠๆป…็š„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
126:49
The.
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ใ€‚
126:50
Effect. OK, I'm starting my sentence with the noun, The effect.
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ๅŠนๆžœใ€‚ OKใ€ๅ่ฉžใ€ŒๅŠนๆžœใ€ใงๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ ใ€‚
126:54
Of notice that sentence structure, the effect of something. The something is the dry weather.
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅŠนๆžœใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๆฐ—ๅ€™ใงใ™ใ€‚
127:00
The effect of the dry weather was devastating. So here, because it's a noun, I need my article
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ไนพ็‡ฅใ—ใŸๅคฉๅ€™ใฎๅฝฑ้ŸฟใฏๅฃŠๆป…็š„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€
127:07
in front of it the the effect. Another example I could ask did this policy have any negative
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ใใฎๅ‰ใซๅŠนๆžœใ‚’็คบใ™ๅ† ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฎๅฝฑ้ŸฟใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
127:12
effects?
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127:13
So notice here what's different about the noun? I made it plural, right? And I'm not
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ๅ่ฉžใฎไฝ•ใŒ้•ใ†ใ‹ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ? ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ—ใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
127:17
using an article. In that case. Did the policy have any negative effects? So were there any?
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ใ€‚ ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใฎ
127:22
Results of the.
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็ตๆžœใ€‚
127:23
Policy and were any of those results negative?
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ๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใจใใฎ็ตๆžœใฎไธญใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
127:25
Now, just for fun, let's take a look at a sentence.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้ข็™ฝใ„ใฎใงใ€ไธ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
127:27
Using.
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ไฝฟ็”จไธญใ€‚
127:28
Both effect and effect. The side effects of this medication can negatively affect your
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ๅŠนๆžœใ‚‚ๅŠนๆžœใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่–ฌใฎๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใฏ่‚่‡“ใซๆ‚ชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
127:33
liver. So pause the video if you need and think about this example so the side effects.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใฎๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
127:40
There we're.
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ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚
127:41
Using it as a noun, and that's a very common way we use this as a noun, talking about side
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใ‚„ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
127:49
effects or the effects of something. Like in our previous example, the side effects
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ใ€‚ ๅ‰ใฎไพ‹ใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€
127:54
of this medication can negatively affect your liver. And of course here something affects
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ใ“ใฎ่–ฌใฎๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใฏ่‚่‡“ใซๆ‚ชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹
128:00
something, so it's really the side effects.
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ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใงใ™ใ€‚
128:02
That affect your liver as the something. So this really isn't that uncommon of a situation
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใจใ—ใฆ่‚่‡“ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
128:08
to see affect and effect in the same sentence. So it to summarize, remember a fact is what?
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ๅŒใ˜ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใจ็ตๆžœใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹็Šถๆณใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉ็ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
128:17
A noun or a verb? Put it in the comments. A verb and effect is, Put it in the comments.
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ๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅŠนๆžœใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
128:29
A noun. So that should be a great trick to help you instantly know which one you need
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ๅ่ฉžใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅณๅบงใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใชใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™
128:39
to use. Now let's end by going back to my original e-mail that I was reading. So remember
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ ็งใŒ่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸๅ…ƒใฎ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
128:49
I wrote Do you think this could have it? So what do you think in this example? Do I need?
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็งใŒใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
128:57
Effect or effect? Do I need a noun?
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ๅŠนๆžœใจใ‹ๅŠนๆžœใจใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ่ฉžใฏๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹?
129:01
Or a verb.
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ใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
129:02
Put it in the comments below. Pause the video if you need think about it and then put it
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ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
129:11
in the comments. Do you think this?
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ใ€‚ ใใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†
129:14
Could have.
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
129:15
Affected it because I need a verb. Something affects something, and of course this verb
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใงๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
129:23
is conjugated according to the sentence.
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ๆ–‡ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
129:26
All right, so now you know the difference between a fact and effect. This is an advanced
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง ไบ‹ๅฎŸใจ็ตๆžœใฎ้•ใ„ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช
129:34
topic and you're going to need to practice and review this. So why don't we start now?
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ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใชใฎใงใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ— ใฆๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹? ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ๅซใ‚€
129:40
Put in the comments below an example sentence with a fact.
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ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
129:43
And an example sentence with effect and bonus points. Major bonus points if you can think
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ๅŠนๆžœใจใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆไป˜ใใฎไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚‚ ใ€‚ ๅฝฑ้ŸฟใจๅŠนๆžœใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅคงใใชใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
129:48
of an example sentence that uses both affect and effect. Are you ready for your quiz? Here
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
129:50
are the questions. Hip pawns take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit
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่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒ—ใƒใƒผใƒณใซใฏ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€
129:54
play to see the answers.
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ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
129:55
How did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below. And
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
130:01
let's continue on to the next group. I see lots of mistakes with this next one. Let's
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฎไฝœๅ“ใงใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
130:10
talk about the difference between borrow and lend. Now let's go back to my original question
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ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใจ่ฒธใ™ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ†’้ ญใฎ็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
130:18
for you at the beginning. Hey, can you borrow me your car? What do you think about this
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ใ€‚ ใญใˆใ€่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
130:26
sentence? Can you borrow me your car?
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? ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
130:28
Do you think that this sentence is correct or incorrect? Put your answers in the comments
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใ€
130:38
so you can say right or wrong, thumbs up, thumbs down, yes or no. Whatever you need,
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่ณ›ๆˆใ‹ ๅๅฏพใ‹ใ€ใฏใ„ใ‹ใ„ใ„ใˆใ‚’็ญ”ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€
130:44
put your answer in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
130:46
Hey, can you borrow me your car?
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ใญใˆใ€่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
130:49
Did you get your answer in the comments? OK, this is what I hear quite a lot from students.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใง็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ใฏใ„ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅญฆ็”ŸใŸใกใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ่žใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
130:53
Even.
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ๅนณใ€‚
130:54
Really.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใ€‚
130:55
Advanced students, but I have to break it. To you, that's incorrect, and to a native
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ไธŠ็ดš่€…ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฃŠใ•ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไธๆญฃ็ขบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–
131:03
speaker, it's like, what bore?
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใจใฃใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใŒใคใพใ‚‰ใชใ„๏ผŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
131:05
Me.
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใ€‚
131:06
It does not sound good. It's because the sentence structure is incorrect. OK, so while I'm explaining
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ใ„ใ„้Ÿณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ใฎ ๆง‹้€ ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
131:14
the difference between Boro and Len, you really need to pay attention to that sentence structure.
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Boro ใจ Len ใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
131:22
So let's start with Boro.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใƒœใƒญใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
131:24
Now when you use borrow you need to understand.
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ๅ€Ÿๅ…ฅใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
131:28
That.
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ€‚
131:29
You're the one receiving the.
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ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ใชใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
131:30
Item.
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ€‚
131:31
Let's compare that to lend. When you use lend, you're the one giving the item. Now let's
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆๆฏ”ในใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ฒธใ—ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ใชใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€
131:38
take a look at the sentence structure. With borrow, you borrow something.
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใงใฏ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
131:45
You borrow something. This is why my original sentence sounded so weird. It might not sound
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅ…ƒใฎ ๆ–‡ใŒๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ“ใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
131:53
weird to you, but trust me, to a native speaker that just sounds like nails on a chalkboard,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใซใจใฃใฆใฏ ้ป’ๆฟใซ้‡˜ใ‚’ๆ‰“ใคใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
132:01
because that's not the sentence structure. You do not borrow someone. OK, when I said
1285
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ้•ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ OKใ€็งใŒใ€Œใงใใ‚‹๏ผŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
132:07
can you?
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132:08
Borrow me your.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
132:09
Car.
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1000
่ปŠใ€‚
132:10
Can you borrow me your?
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่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
132:12
Car.
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่ปŠใ€‚
132:13
That's incorrect sentence structure, but there's a really easy fix. All you need to do is get
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไฟฎๆญฃๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
132:22
rid of the someone because it's Boro something, right? So to make my original sentence correct,
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ใƒœใƒญใชใ‚“ใจใ‹ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆŽ’้™คใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ๅ…ƒใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€
132:29
what would I need to do? Now remember, with Boro you receive so as a question it would
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ Boro ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€่ณชๅ•ใจใ—ใฆใใ†
132:41
be can.
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ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
132:42
I.
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I.
132:43
Borrow your car.
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่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
132:44
Because I'm the one receiving the.
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2420
ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็งใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
132:46
Car.
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่ปŠใ€‚
132:47
So can I borrow?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
132:48
Your car.
1300
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1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใ€‚
132:49
Can I?
1301
7969420
1000
ใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
132:50
Receive your car? Temporarily, of course, so let me know in the comments. Can I borrow
1302
7970420
3000
่ปŠใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ไธ€ๆ™‚็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹
132:53
your car? So now it's your turn to practice. Borrow. OK, so let me start you off with the
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๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€
132:58
beginning of the sentence.
1304
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ๆ–‡ใฎๅ†’้ ญใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
133:00
Can I borrow? We're going to use this as a question form, so put in the comments. Can
1305
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2802
ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ่ณชๅ•ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใฎใง ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
133:03
I borrow And fill in the blank? So you need to identify this something. It could be anything.
1306
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2078
ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆ็ฉบๆฌ„ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
133:05
Can I borrow your cell phone charger? Your pen? Your earrings? Can I borrow $50? It can
1307
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ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใฎๅ……้›ปๅ™จใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ใƒšใƒณ๏ผŸ ใ‚คใƒคใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใฏ๏ผŸ 50ใƒ‰ใƒซๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ
133:13
be anything. Put your example in the comments to make sure you practice this structure.
1308
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ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็ขบๅฎŸใซๅฎŸ่ทตใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜่ผ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
133:21
Now let's compare the sentence structure with lend.
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’lendใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
133:25
This is.
1310
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1000
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
133:26
Why these two are confused because with lend you lend someone something. So with lend we
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ใชใœใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใŒๆททๅŒใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€lend ใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒธใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ฒธใ—ๅ‡บใ—ใงใฏใ€
133:34
have the someone identified. OK, so perhaps I'm feeling really generous and I say to you
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฏ›ๅคงใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
133:41
I can lend you my car this weekend.
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8250
ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใฏ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฒธใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹
133:50
I can lend you my car this weekend because remember with lend.
1314
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4199
ใฎใงใ€ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใซ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
133:54
You.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
133:55
Give. So I'm giving my car. That's as a positive statement. I can lend you lend someone something.
1316
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9411
ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่ญฒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใช ็™บ่จ€ใจใ—ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
134:04
I can lend you my car this weekend. All right, So now it's time for you to practice.
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ไปŠ้€ฑๆœซใ€็งใฎ่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ไปŠๅบฆใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใ ใ€‚
134:09
Lend.
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่ฒธใ™ใ€‚
134:10
Now.
1319
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ไปŠใ€‚
134:11
With.
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ใจใ€‚
134:12
Lend as an offer is going to be as a positive statement I can.
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8052100
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ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใจใ—ใฆ่ฒธใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šๅ‰ๅ‘ใใช่กจ็พใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
134:13
Lend you?
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1000
่ฒธใ—ใฆ๏ผŸ
134:14
And then we need to something. We can change our subject, right? It could be she can lend
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3506
ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฉฑ้กŒใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
134:17
you. She can lend him.
1324
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฝผใซ่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
134:19
My boss can lend my coworker. We can play around with those subjects OK, but make sure
1325
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6310
็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏ็งใฎๅŒๅƒšใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธป่ชžใ‚’ใ„ใ˜ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
134:25
your sentence structure is subject lend someone something. So put your example in the comments
1326
8065820
5090
ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒใ€Œ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไธป่ชžใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆ
134:30
to practice. So what are you going to offer to lend me? I'm excited to find out.
1327
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็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ ่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใŒๆฅฝใ—ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
134:37
Now, one important note before we wrap up, let's go back to my beginning sentence, which
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ้‡่ฆใชๆณจๆ„็‚นใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
134:43
was incorrect. Can you?
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้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใงใใ‚‹๏ผŸ
134:45
Borrow.
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ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹ใ€‚
134:46
Me, your car can.
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1000
็งใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใงใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
134:47
You borrow me?
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1100
็งใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
134:48
Your car.
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1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใ€‚
134:49
So that sentence is incorrect. But there's another way we can change the sentence to
1334
8089360
2040
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๆ–‡ใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใฆ่ณชๅ•ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
134:51
make it a question. And that question would be can you lend me?
1335
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏใ€Œ ่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
134:56
Your.
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8096489
1000
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€‚
134:57
Car can you lend me?
1337
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1391
่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
134:58
Your car.
1338
8098880
1219
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใ€‚
135:00
So notice although.
1339
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1830
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
135:01
Lend means to.
1340
8101929
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่ฒธใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
135:03
Give notice that subject right? Can you lend me?
1341
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ใใฎไปถใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใญ๏ผŸ ่ฒธใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
135:08
So although lend means to give, you're the one giving and I'm the one receiving, right?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ฒธใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๅดใงใ€็งใฏๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅดใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
135:16
So in that case, can you lend me your?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใซ่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
135:19
Car.
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่ปŠใ€‚ ใจ
135:20
Is exactly the same as.
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ๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
135:21
Do you know what I'm?
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็งใŒไฝ•่€…ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใจ
135:22
About to say, it's exactly the same as. Put it in the comments if you do, huge bonus points
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่จ€ใ†ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ๅ…จใโ€‹โ€‹ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
135:29
if you get this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚ŒใฐๅคงใใชใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
135:30
Can you lend me your car? Is exactly the same as can.
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่ปŠใ‚’่ฒธใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็ผถใจๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ ใ€‚
135:31
I borrow your car.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ปŠใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
135:33
So you may need to pause the video and think about it, because you need to keep in mind
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
135:41
the direction of who's giving, who's receiving, and you need to pay attention to that sentence
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่ชฐใŒไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€่ชฐใŒๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–นๅ‘ๆ€งใ‚’ๅฟต้ ญใซ็ฝฎใใ€ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใ‚‚ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
135:47
structure as well. So that's a final exercise you can do.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใ™ ใ€‚
135:51
Before you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‰ใซใ€‚
135:52
Leave in the comments.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
135:53
Write your own example using the two different questions, although keep in mind that they
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2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ็‹ฌ่‡ชใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
136:01
mean exactly the same thing, so try that out and see if you can get that as well. Are you
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ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ็•™ๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใ€ๅŒๆง˜ใซ็†่งฃ ใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
136:13
ready for your quiz? Here are the questions. Hit pawns. Take as much time as you need,
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆ‰“ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€
136:22
and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
136:25
How?
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ๏ผŸ
136:26
Did you do with that?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ‚„ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
136:27
Quiz. Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and let's continue on to the
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
136:32
next group. You're doing awesome. Let's continue on and review compare to and compare with.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใญใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆฏ”่ผƒใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
136:38
Now first, let's talk about the verb. Compare to compare as a verb this.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใšใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
136:42
Means.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ€‚ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฎ
136:43
To identify the similarities and or differences between two things.
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้กžไผผ็‚นใ‚„็›ธ้•็‚นใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใ€‚
136:48
There are two prepositions.
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒ๏ผ’ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
136:50
That you can use compare to or compare with. So let's start with compare to. As for sentence
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€compare to ใพใŸใฏ Compare with ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ–‡็ซ ใฎๆง‹้€ ใจใ—ใฆใฏ
137:00
structure, you compare something to something. Remember compare is a verb, so you need to
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ compareใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€
137:08
conjugate it with your subject and time reference.
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ไปถๅใ‚„ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใจๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
137:12
When you compare something to something, it means that you're examining 2 things to identify
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ 2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชฟในใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้กžไผผ็‚นใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
137:18
their similarities. You're focusing on how A is similar to be, You're looking at A and
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ A ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€A ใจ B ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
137:27
B and you're trying to see how are they alike, what are the similarities. That's how we use
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ้กžไผผ็‚นใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒcompareใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใงใ™
137:32
compare.
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ใ€‚
137:33
To.
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ใซใ€‚
137:34
So for example, I could say many people are comparing this election.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ ไปŠๅ›žใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
137:38
To the one in 1968. So we have the election in 2020 and the election in 1968. So you're
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1968 ๅนดใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใซ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ 2020 ๅนดใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใจ 1968 ๅนดใฎ้ธๆŒ™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
137:45
putting them side by side and you're doing that so you can see how are these similar,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธฆในใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
137:52
what are the commonalities, what is the likeness between these two?
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ๅ…ฑ้€š็‚นใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎไบŒไบบใฎ้กžไผผ็‚นใฏ๏ผŸ
137:57
Now let's talk about compare with. The sentence structure is exactly the same, we're just
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ๆฌกใซๆฏ”่ผƒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ–‡ใฎ ๆง‹้€ ใฏๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใงใ€
138:03
changing the preposition. So you compare something with something. In this case, you have your
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
138:09
two things A and B, and you put them side by side to look at their similarities and
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2 ใคใฎใ‚‚ใฎ A ใจ B ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไธฆในใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้กžไผผ็‚นใจ
138:21
Oregon differences, but with a focus on the differences. So you're trying to see how are
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ใ‚ชใƒฌใ‚ดใƒณๅทžใฎ็›ธ้•็‚นใ‚’่ชฟในใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็›ธ้•็‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
138:30
they different.
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ใ€‚
138:31
What does A have that's different from B? HM. So that's more what you're doing when
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AใฏBใจไฝ•ใŒ้•ใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ™
138:38
you compare something with something. So I could also say, thinking about our last example,
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใฆใ€
138:44
I could say let's compare this candidate.
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ใ“ใฎๅ€™่ฃœใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
138:46
With this.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใจใจใ‚‚ใซใ€‚
138:47
Candidate OK, so we have candidate A, Candidate B I'm going to put them side by side, but
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ๅ€™่ฃœ่€… OK ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅ€™่ฃœ่€… A ใจๅ€™่ฃœ่€… B ใ‚’ไธฆในใฆ้…็ฝฎใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
138:53
this time I want to see how they're different. What is this one doing that this one isn't
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎไบบใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
139:01
doing? HM?
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? ใ‚“๏ผŸ
139:02
Or are they different? So that's all you need to know. Compare to focus on similarities,
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้•ใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้กžไผผ็‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใ€
139:09
compare with focus on differences. Now here's the thing native speakers generally don't.
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็›ธ้•็‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
139:12
Follow this rule.
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ใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
139:13
I'll be honest.
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
139:14
I don't follow this rule, OK?
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็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
139:15
And when native speakers don't follow this rule?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
139:18
We.
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็งใŸใกใ€‚ ้กžไผผ็‚นใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€็›ธ้•็‚นใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’
139:19
Just use them interchangeably so I don't think about whether I'm comparing similarities or
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่€ƒใˆใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
139:23
differences.
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ใ€‚
139:24
And compared to two is the more common preposition. Interestingly, in the past, like many many
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ใใ—ใฆใ€two ใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ๆ˜”ใฏใ€ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
139:29
years ago, with was the more common preposition and they used it.
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ใ€with ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
139:33
For both.
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ไธกๆ–นใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ€‚
139:34
But now in modern usage of English, I don't know why, but it's more common just to use
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็พไปฃใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็”จๆณ•ใงใฏใ€ ็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅ˜ใซ to ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™
139:41
to.
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ใ€‚
139:42
And there's.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
139:43
Most.
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ๅคšใใฎใ€‚
139:44
Native speakers.
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€‚
139:45
Don't.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
139:46
Use a difference between it. OK, I don't like I said so whether or not you actually want
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ใใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ OKใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒญใƒผใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏๅˆฅใจใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒใใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใฏๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
139:51
to follow.
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ใ€‚
139:52
This rule I'll leave.
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ใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚
139:54
It up to you, but I don't.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸๆฌก็ฌฌใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
139:58
And most the people.
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ใใ—ใฆใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒใ€‚
139:59
That I know don't either. In fact, I don't really know anybody that.
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็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็งใฏ ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฐใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
140:04
Does follow this rule?
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ใ“ใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
140:05
But since it was a question, I wanted you to know by definition in a textbook what the
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใชใฎใงใ€็ญ”ใˆใŒ ไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธใงๅฎš็พฉ็š„ใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใปใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™
140:11
answer is. And this is a great example of how we have textbook English, which is quite
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒใ„ใ‹ใซ
140:18
rigid and very strict about usage of words and language. But then we have real English,
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ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„่จ€่ชžใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆ้žๅธธใซๅŽณๆ ผใงๅŽณๆ ผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ๅฅฝไพ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ่ถ…ใˆใŸๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ๆ—ฅๅธธ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
140:30
everyday English, which is a lot more.
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ใ€‚
140:34
Flexible and I use everyday English. I don't use textbook English and I always encourage
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ๆŸ”่ปŸใงๆ—ฅๅธธ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ๆ•™็ง‘ๆ›ธ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ›ใšใ€
140:44
my students to use everyday English as well. So ultimately the choice is yours. But regardless,
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใซใ‚‚ๆ—ฅๅธธ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ๅธธใซๅ‹งใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใจใ‚‚ใ‹ใใ€ไปฅไธ‹ใฎ
141:00
why don't you try 2 examples in the comments below, One with compared to, you can focus
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใง 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚1 ใคใฏๆฏ”่ผƒใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€
141:12
on similarities, one with compare with you can focus on differences. And then why don't
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้กžไผผ็‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏๆฏ”่ผƒใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ ็›ธ้•็‚นใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง
141:16
you just do a third example where you're using them interchangeably?
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ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้ธๆŠž่‚ขใงใ‚ใ‚‹
141:19
And I recommend using compared to because that's the more common choice. Are you ready
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
141:23
for your quiz? Here are the questions. Hip pawns take as much time as you need, and when
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒ— ใƒใƒผใƒณใซใฏๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
141:31
you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
141:34
How did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
141:44
let's continue on to the next group. This next one confuses a lot of native speakers.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๆฌกใฏๅคšใใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๆททไนฑใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ I ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ
141:56
Let's talk about the difference between compliments with an I and compliment with an E Now, first
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่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใจ E ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
142:06
of all, you need to know that there's no difference in pronunciation. OK, so if you're using this
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ใพใšใ€็™บ้Ÿณใซ้•ใ„ใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€OK
142:11
in spoken English.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใชใฎใงใ€
142:12
It doesn't really matter which one you use because they sound exactly the same. But in
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ•้กŒใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
142:15
written English there's a difference. OK, so just keep that in mind. Now these two words
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใงใฏ้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏ
142:24
have very different meanings. Let's start with compliment. Compliment is a verb. OK
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ใพใฃใŸใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใฏ่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
142:30
to compliment.
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่ค’ใ‚ใฆใ‚‚OKใงใ™ใ€‚
142:31
And for sentence structure, something complements something. Now remember, it's a verb, so it
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–‡็ซ ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ—โ€‹โ€‹ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€
142:38
needs to be conjugated according to the sentence. What does this mean? It means to add to something.
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ๆ–‡ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
142:44
Or to complete something, or simply to go together nicely. Here's a really easy example
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใซใ†ใพใ่ชฟๅ’Œใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™
142:53
for you. When I am doing my makeup, I think when I'm choosing my lipstick color, I think
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ใ€‚ ใƒกใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ๅฃ็ด…ใฎ่‰ฒใ‚’้ธใถใจใใซใ€
143:00
you know what lipstick would complement.
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ใฉใ‚“ใชๅฃ็ด…ใŒไผผๅˆใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
143:02
My shirt, for example or when I'm picking out a.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’้ธใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€‚
143:06
Shirt.
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ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ€‚ ็งใฎใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ„ใซ
143:07
I might think what shirt would complement my pants?
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ไผผๅˆใ†ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใฏไฝ•ใ ใ‚ใ† ๏ผŸ
143:10
Which?
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ใฉใ‚Œใฎ๏ผŸ
143:11
Combination of things go nicely together. Does this lipstick add to my shirt? Does it
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅฃ็ด…ใฏ็งใฎใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใซไป˜ใใพใ™ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใฏ
143:16
complement it? Or does it take away from my shirt? And in that case it doesn't complement
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‰ฅใŒใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
143:23
it. So that's a very easy example if you're a guy probably picking out a tie.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚’้ธใถ็”ทๆ€งใซใจใฃใฆ้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใชไพ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚
143:36
What tie would complement the shirt you're wearing? Now, let's take a really fun example.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ ? ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ข็™ฝใ„ไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
143:42
Here we have.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
143:44
A delicious.
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ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใ€‚
143:45
Piece of apple pie, My favorite pie flavor. Now think about this. OK, thinking about our
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ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ€็งใฎๅคงๅฅฝใใชใƒ‘ใ‚คใฎๅ‘ณใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ OKใ€ใ†ใพใ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฎš็พฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
143:52
definition to add to to complete to go nicely together. What do you think would complement
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
143:59
this apple pie?
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?
144:00
There's no right or wrong answer. What you think would complement this pie could be very
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ๆญฃ่งฃใ‚‚ไธๆญฃ่งฃใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€็งใŒ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
144:05
different than what I think. But do you think there are other food items or beverage items
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใงใใ‚‹ ้ฃŸๅ“ใ‚„้ฃฒๆ–™ใŒไป–ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
144:12
that could complement this piece of apple pie? Put your answer in the comments. What
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? ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
144:18
complements this apple pie?
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
144:20
Remember, it's a verb, so you need to conjugate it accordingly when you put your example in
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใฏใใ‚Œใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
144:31
the comments. So stop. Pause the video if you need, and put it in the comments. What
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ— ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ่จ˜ๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
144:39
compliments this apple pie? Well, many things could. The first thing I thought of was ice
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใพใ‚ใ€ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใŒ ่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšๆ€ใ„ใคใ„ใŸใฎใฏใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใงใ—ใŸ
144:47
cream. Ice cream? Definitely compliments.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ๏ผŸ ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
144:50
Apple pie, in my opinion. You may disagree. And that's OK. Whipped cream compliments apple
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็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒๆ„ใ—ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใซใฏใƒ›ใ‚คใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใŒๅˆใ„ใพใ™
144:57
pie. Now, I've heard many people put a piece of cheese on apple pie and they think that
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใซใƒใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ไน—ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
145:06
cheese really compliments apple pie. That's one that's for me a little bit. I don't know,
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ใƒใƒผใ‚บใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใซใ‚ˆใๅˆใ†ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—็งใฎใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
145:14
it sounds a little weird, but lots of people think that cheese compliments apple pie. Now
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏ ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใซใฏใƒใƒผใ‚บใŒๅˆใ†ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠ
145:21
thinking about beverages, Maybe a cup of coffee or tea or.
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้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผ ใ‹็ด…่Œถใงใ™ใ€‚
145:26
And hot chocolate. Hot apple cider could complement this apple pie. A glass of milk could complement
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ใใ—ใฆใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใ€‚ ใƒ›ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ€ใƒผใŒ ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ซ‹ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆฏใฎ็‰›ไนณใŒ
145:33
this apple pie. Lots of different options could complement this apple pie.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
145:38
So now you know what complement with an E means. So put an example sentence in the comments,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€E ใฎ่ฃœๆ•ฐใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใ€
145:44
pause the video and think of an example sentence. And remember, our structure is something complements
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฃœๅฎŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Š
145:51
something, and it's a verb, so you need to conjugate your verb accordingly. Pause the
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใซ ๅฟœใ˜ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—
145:54
video, Put your example in the comments.
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ใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
145:58
Now let's talk about complement with an I. This can be both a verb to complement and
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ๆฌกใซใ€I ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸ่ฃœ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฃœใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ่ฉžใฎไธกๆ–นใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
146:04
a noun. A complement or complements. The meaning is completely different than complement with
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ใ€‚ ่ฃœ่ชžใ€‚ Eใง ่ฃœใ†ใฎใจใฏๅ…จใๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใ€
146:09
a E They don't relate to each other at all. OK, so they're completely separate words.
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ๅ…จใ้–ข้€ฃๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ OKใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
146:14
Compliment with an eye. You can think of them as kind words of praise or approval. So if
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็›ฎใง่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ ่ณž่ณ›ใ‚„ๆ‰ฟ่ชใฎๅ„ชใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
146:21
you write in the comments, hey.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใญใˆใ€‚
146:23
Jennifer, awesome video. You can pause.
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠ
146:27
Right now and write that in the comments.
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ใ™ใใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
146:32
Do it. Just do it. OK. It's part of the.
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ใ‚„ใ‚Œใ€‚ ๆ—ฉใใ‚„ใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ€‚ OKใ€‚ ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚
146:35
Example. So pause the video and write.
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ไพ‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
146:38
Hey Jennifer, Awesome video.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใ™ใญใ€‚
146:40
Right there, you just complimented me. Notice you just complimented me. Is that a noun?
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ใพใ•ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
146:48
Or a verb.
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ใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
146:50
What do you think? Noun or verb? Put it in the comments. You just complimented me.
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ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ่ฉžใ‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
146:57
Well, it's a verb, and you can probably identify that it's a verb because it's conjugated in
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ŽๅŽป ๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™
147:04
the past. Simple. You just complimented me because you just did the action right. It's
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ใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด”ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใจใฃใŸใ ใ‘ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
147:11
completed. You wrote in the comments. You complimented me. I could also say you complimented
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ๅฎŒๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™
147:19
my video. I could say that as well. And this simply means.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ˜็ด”ใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
147:25
You.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
147:26
Offered me words of praise, words of approval and kind.
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็งใซ่ณž่ณ›ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ๆ‰ฟ่ชใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ่ฆชๅˆ‡ใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
147:31
Words.
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่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
147:32
Now if I'm walking down the street and you see me, you say, hey, I really like that sweater
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ไปŠใ€็งใŒ้“ใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใฆ ็งใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‹ใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใญใˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไปŠ่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใใฎใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
147:41
you just complimented me. You complimented my sweater. Or if I smile and you're like
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€็งใŒๅพฎ็ฌ‘ใ‚€ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
147:46
Jennifer, you have such a nice smile. You just complimented me. OK, so all these small
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใซไผผใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ•ตใช็ฌ‘้ก”ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใŸใ ็งใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฐใ•ใช
147:52
little nice words.
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ๅฐใ•ใช็ด ๆ•ตใช่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚
147:53
Those.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ€‚
147:54
Are compliments. Those are compliments.
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่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
147:55
Right there. Did I use it as a noun or a verb? Those those kind words, those are compliments.
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ใ™ใใใ“ใซใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ„ชใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
148:03
Here, it's a noun. OK, So as a noun, it's a thing. Like that word of approval, that
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ OKใ€ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ‰ฟ่ชใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€
148:10
word of praise. It's a thing. Now, of course, you can compliment somebody's smile, their
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่ณž่ณ›ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ็ฌ‘้ก”ใ€
148:15
hair, their earrings, their clothing, things like that, but in a workplace?
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้ซชใ€ใ‚คใƒคใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ๆœ่ฃ…ใชใฉใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ ใŒใ€่ทๅ ดใงใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
148:20
Hopefully you're going to offer compliments. Now, hopefully you're going to offer compliments
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ใœใฒ่ค’ใ‚ใฆใ‚ใ’ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใงใใ‚Œใฐ
148:25
based on their work, based on their performance, right? So anytime you're a coworker or your
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚„ใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅŒๅƒšใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚„ใ€
148:32
employee does a good job, you can pay them a compliment.
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ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒ่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
148:37
Pay.
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ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ€‚
148:38
Them a compliment. You can also give them a compliment.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใ ใ€‚ ่ค’ใ‚ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
148:43
Those are two.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ2ใคใงใ™ใ€‚
148:44
Verbs that we use interchangeably with the noun, so you can.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅ่ฉžใจๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
148:49
Give.
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ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
148:50
Someone a compliment. You can pay someone a compliment. OK, so let's say you're in a
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
148:54
meeting and your coworker gives a presentation. At the end of the presentation, you can say
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ไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅŒๅƒšใŒใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€
148:58
that was a really amazing presentation. You did an awesome job.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
149:03
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
149:04
There you just.
1517
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใ ใ‘ใ€‚
149:05
Gave your coworker a compliment. OK, you paid your coworker a compliment. Those two sentence
1518
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ๅŒๅƒšใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅŒๅƒšใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡
149:10
structures are interchangeable, and they're using the noun form. Now. You can also use
1519
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ๆง‹้€ ใฏไบคๆ›ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅ่ฉžๅฝขๅผใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžๅฝขใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
149:18
the verb form.
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ใ€‚
149:19
So pause the video and think. How could I take this example and change it into the verb
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ใใ“ใงใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
149:29
form? HM what do you think? Write it in the comments below. How could I take this and
1522
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? ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅฝขใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใซใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
149:37
change it into the verb form to compliment? Do you have it?
1523
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? ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
149:45
You.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
149:46
Just complimented your coworker. You complimented their presentation. You complimented them.
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ๅŒๅƒšใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
149:54
So in this case you need to remember that the meaning is very different between complement
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€I ใ‚’ไผดใ†่ฃœ่ชžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ฃœ่ชžใจ่ฃœ่ชžใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใจใใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒๅคงใใ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
150:01
and complement and also how you use them, because complement with an I can be used as
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150:08
both a verb and a noun. So I want you to get comfortable with both of these forms. So pause
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฝขๅผใฎไธกๆ–นใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—
150:17
the video and write in the comments an example with the noun and the verb. So why don't you
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ใ€ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆ›ธใ่พผใฟใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใชใœ
150:26
tell us the last time that?
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
150:28
You gave someone a compliment and the last time that you complimented someone using this
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒ ใซใ“ใฎ
150:39
theme sentence in both a noun and a verb form. Are you ready for your quiz? Here are the
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ใƒ†ใƒผใƒžๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธกๆ–นใงไฝฟใฃใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ค’ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
150:48
questions Hip pawns. Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play
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ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒ—ใƒใƒผใƒณใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆ ใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
150:57
to see the answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
151:00
How did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below and
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ€
151:09
let's continue on to the next group. Lots of students make mistakes with the next pair.
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅคšใ ใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๆฌกใฎใƒšใ‚ขใง้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
151:16
Let's review Elder and older. Both of these are used to talk about advanced age when making
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ใ‚จใƒซใƒ€ใƒผใจใใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹็›ดใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ใ€ๆฏ”่ผƒ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
151:23
a comparison.
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ใ€‚
151:24
So in order to make that comparison, we need two people. One needs to be younger and one
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎๆฏ”่ผƒใ‚’่กŒใ†ใซใฏ 2 ไบบใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ไบบใฏ่‹ฅใใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ไบบใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š
151:29
needs to be older, older. So let's take Don and Ed, and let's say that Don is 15 and Ed
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ๅนดไธŠใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ‰ใƒณใจใ‚จใƒ‰ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใƒ‰ใƒณใฏ 15 ๆญณใ€ใ‚จใƒ‰ใฏ
151:36
is 18. So of course Don is younger and Ed is older. Now let's say Don and Ed are brothers.
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18 ๆญณใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใƒ‰ใƒณใฎๆ–นใŒ่‹ฅใใ€ใ‚จใƒ‰ใฎๆ–น ใŒๅนดไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใจใ‚จใƒ‰ใŒๅ…„ๅผŸใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
151:45
So Don, Don speaking, and Don could say.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใŒ่ฉฑใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆใƒ‰ใƒณใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
151:48
Ed.
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ใ‚จใƒ‰ใ€‚
151:49
Is my older brother my older brother using older to make that comparison between the
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็งใฎๅ…„ใฏใ€
151:56
ages and is to describe what type of brother he is now. Don could also say Ed is my elder
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ๅนด้ฝขใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ…„ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ไปŠใฎๅ…„ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใƒ‰ใƒณใฏๅŽณๅฏ†ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ‚จใƒ‰ใŒ็งใฎๅ…„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™
152:04
brother technically.
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ใ€‚
152:05
Technically Don can say this, but if Don is a native English speaker in North America,
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ๅŽณๅฏ†ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใƒ‰ใƒณใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใƒ‰ใƒณใŒ ๅŒ—็ฑณใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–่‹ฑ่ชž่ฉฑ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
152:10
Don is not going to say that because although according to a dictionary and a grammar rule,
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ใƒ‰ใƒณใฏใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ่พžๆ›ธใจๆ–‡ๆณ•่ฆๅ‰‡ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Œใฐใ€2 ไบบใฎไบบ็‰ฉใ‚’
152:17
you can use elder to replace older in a comparison between two people to talk about their age.
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ๆฏ”่ผƒใ™ใ‚‹้š›ใซๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅนด้•ท่€…ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅนด้ฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
152:27
We.
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็งใŸใกใ€‚
152:28
Don't do that, OK? To me it sounds awkward, it sounds unnatural, and it's not something.
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ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ—ใชใ„ใงใญ๏ผŸ ็งใซใจใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใฏใŽใ“ใกใชใใ€ ไธ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ†
152:35
I hear. So my recommendation to you is to use older. Even though elder is grammatically
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅคใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œelderใ€ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏ
152:44
correct, I still want you to use older because it will help you sound more natural. Now we
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ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œolderใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€
152:53
can also make a general statement and say Ed is older than dawn. So notice here I'm
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็™บ่จ€ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚จใƒ‰ใฏๅคœๆ˜Žใ‘ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅนดใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
153:01
using older than. That's a comparative adjective. Olders are adjective than.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆฏ”่ผƒ็ดšใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ Olders ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
153:05
We have our comparative adjective.
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ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
153:07
Ed is.
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ใ‚จใƒ‰ใฏใ€‚
153:08
Older than dawn. Now in this case I cannot say grammatically, I cannot say. Ed is elder
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ๅคœๆ˜Žใ‘ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅคใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚จใƒ‰ใฏ
153:13
than dawn. We don't use elder than. It doesn't exist as a comparative adjective, and that's
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ใƒ‰ใƒผใƒณใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅนดไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ŒไปฅไธŠใ€ใฏไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆฏ”่ผƒๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฏๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€
153:23
according to grammar as well. So you might be wondering if I'm telling you.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ไธŠใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‹ใจ็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
153:28
Don't.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ 2 ๆ™‚
153:29
Use elder when you're talking about ages between 2:00.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ 2 ๆ™‚ใพใงใฎๅนด้ฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
153:32
People, when can you use elder? Should you ever use it? Well, there is one specific case
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚จใƒซใƒ€ใƒผใฏใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ‹? ไฝฟใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅŒ—็ฑณใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
153:40
that we commonly use it in North America, and that's using elder as a noun. A noun OK,
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€elder ใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใฏOKใงใ™ใŒใ€
153:47
not an adjective as a noun. And elder and elder would be 1 and elders would be a group.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏๅ่ฉžใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใจ ๅนด้•ท่€…ใฏ1ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
153:54
They are senior citizens.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธŠ็ดšๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
153:56
Senior citizens and using the name Elder sounds respectful. It sounds like a nice thing to
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ๅนด้•ท่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ๆ•ฌๆ„ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™
154:02
say. It's certainly more polite than describing them as old people, right? Just describing
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ใ€‚ ็ขบใ‹ใซ่€ไบบใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ไธๅฏงใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้•ท่€ใจใ—ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
154:07
them as elders. It's a sign of respect, and it's very polite. But we use this for senior
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆ•ฌๆ„ใฎ่กจใ‚Œใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ้žๅธธใซ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
154:15
citizens. Now, honestly, my definition of a senior citizen is probably about someone
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ใ€‚ ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€็งใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ ้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใฎๅฎš็พฉใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
154:21
who's 80 or older.
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80 ๆญณไปฅไธŠใฎไบบใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
154:22
80 or older. Why? Because I think in today's modern world, people are working well into
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80ๆญณไปฅไธŠใ€‚ ใชใœ๏ผŸ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ ็พไปฃ็คพไผšใงใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ70ไปฃใซใชใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
154:30
their 70s. So maybe previously you'd be considered a senior citizen at 70 or maybe even 65. But
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏ 70 ๆญณใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ 65 ๆญณใงใ‚‚้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใจใฟใชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
154:35
I don't see that in this modern world. When I see a 70 year old, I see somebody who's
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็พไปฃใฎไธ–็•Œใงใฏใใ†ใฏๆ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ 70ๆญณใฎไบบใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
154:41
still working, still traveling. When I think of elder, I think of like grandmas and grandpas
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ใพใ ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๆ—…่กŒใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅนด้•ท่€…ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŠใ˜ใ„ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจใŠใฐใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅงฟใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๆตฎใ‹ในใพใ™
154:46
sitting.
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ใ€‚
154:47
In a rocking chair, Like knitting. OK, so in my mind, as someone who's about 80 or older,
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ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใ‚งใ‚ขใงใ€็ทจใฟ็‰ฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ็งใฎ้ ญใฎไธญใงใฏใ€80ๆญณไปฅไธŠใฎไบบ้–“ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
154:54
so we have an expression. It's just like a common saying, always respect your elders.
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่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅธธใซๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠ้‡ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
155:01
I heard this all the time when I was growing up as a kid. Always respect your elders. And
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็งใฏๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ„ใคใ‚‚่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅธธใซๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠ้‡ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
155:08
keep in mind, elders as a group, as a noun. Remember, just senior citizens, people who
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ใ€้•ท่€ใฏๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใจใ—ใฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎ้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
155:15
are 80 plus, this isn't.
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80ๆญณไปฅไธŠใฎไบบใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
155:17
People in your direct family. So it's not just talking about my grandmother, my grandfather
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ด็ณปใฎๅฎถๆ—ใซๅฑžใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ็ฅ–ๆฏใ‚„็ฅ–็ˆถใชใฉใฎใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
155:23
or anything like that. My great uncle, great great uncle. No, it's about any senior citizen,
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ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅคงๅ”็ˆถใ€ ๅคงๅ”็ˆถใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€
155:28
OK? It doesn't have to be.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
155:31
Related to you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
155:32
So when we say, like always, respect your elders. I imagine if I'm on a bus, for example,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠ้‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐๅ…ฌๅ…ฑไบค้€šๆฉŸ้–ขใจ้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใŒใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ™
155:40
public transportation and an elder.
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ใ€‚
155:41
Enters the bus, Gets on the bus. I would give my seat to that elder person. Why? Because
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ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Š่พผใฟใ€ใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใใฎๅนดไธŠใฎไบบใซๅธญใ‚’่ญฒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœ๏ผŸ
155:50
that's how we respect our elders. Or same thing if I was in a grocery store, I would
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ ็งใŒ้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“ๅบ—ใซใ„ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’
156:01
let the elder.
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ๅนด้•ท่€…ใซไปปใ›ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
156:02
Person go in front of me, but remember that is 80 plus senior citizens. So that's an expression
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็งใฎๅ‰ใซไบบใŒ่กŒใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ 80ๆญณไปฅไธŠใฎ้ซ˜้ฝข่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
156:12
that we have always respect your elders. So let me know in the comments, is that an expression
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็งใŸใกใŒๅธธใซๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใฆใใŸใ“ใจใฎ่กจใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ
156:24
that you have in your country? I'm sure it's a universal concept. And what's something
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹่กจ็พใงใ™ใ‹? ใใฃใจใใ‚Œใฏ ๆ™ฎ้็š„ใชๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
156:31
that you do to respect your elders. So for me, I always open doors, I let them go ahead
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ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ็งใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ‚’้–‹ใ‘ใฆๅˆ—ใซไธฆใ‚“ใงๅ…ˆใซ่กŒใ‹ใ›ใพใ™
156:38
of me in lines. I even offered to carry their bags if they look heavy.
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ ใ‚ซใƒใƒณใŒ้‡ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใ‚‚้‹ใถใจ็”ณใ—ๅ‡บใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
156:45
Things like that. I always try to help out elders. What about you? What's something you
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠชใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
156:50
do now? So that's how I would recommend using elders to refer to a.
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ไปŠใฏไฝ•ใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใฏๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ a ใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
156:57
Group.
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ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ€‚
156:58
Of senior citizens. And to summarize, when you're just talking about your brother or
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ไธŠ็ดšๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ใฎใ€‚ ่ฆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๅ˜ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†
157:06
you know a family member that is a more advanced in age, use older, don't use elder. You'll
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅนด้ฝขใฎ้ซ˜ใ„ๅฎถๆ—ใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ eler ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ›ใšใ€older ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
157:15
sound more natural. So now you have everything you need.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ™ในใฆๆƒใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
157:19
To use these two confidently, so feel free. Leave two comments below, one with older,
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ใ“ใฎ2ใคใฏ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ”ๅˆฉ็”จใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ”ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใซ 2 ใคใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚1 ใคใฏๅนด้•ท่€…ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†
157:29
one with elder. I I already told you how to use elder. Give us an example of how you respect
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1 ใคใฏๅนด้•ท่€…ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚จใƒซใƒ€ใƒผใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ™ใงใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅนด้•ท่€…ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฐŠๆ•ฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
157:39
your elders. Are you ready for your quiz? Here are the questions. Hip pawns take as
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒ—ใƒใƒผใƒณใซใฏ
157:45
much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
157:51
How did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below and
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ€
157:58
let's continue on to the next group. I get questions a lot on the difference between
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
158:07
employ, employer, employee and employment. Let's review these. Now let's start with employ.
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้›‡็”จใ€้›‡็”จ่€…ใ€ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใ€้›‡็”จใฎ้•ใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹็›ดใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€้›‡็”จใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
158:14
This is a verb. To employ as a verb, of course, you need to conjugate it with your subject
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธป่ชžใจๆ™‚้–“ๅ‚็…งใจๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
158:20
and your time reference. Now what does this mean?
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
158:23
Well, you need to understand the sentence structure of how to use this verb and someone
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ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใจใ€่ชฐใ‹
158:28
or something like a company, someone employs someone and when that someone or something
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ใพใŸใฏไผš็คพใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้›‡็”จใ—ใ€ ใใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใพใŸใฏ
158:33
like a company employs someone, that means that they pay them money in order to do.
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ไผš็คพใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้›‡็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
158:39
A job.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚
158:40
That's what the verb employee means. So let's look at some examples. I could say the company
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œemployeeใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅŒ็คพใฏ
158:47
employs many students.
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ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚’้›‡็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
158:48
Now you might think, oh, as a student, they're just doing the work for free. Volunteer work
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿใจใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ็„กๆ–™ใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ ใจๆ€ใ†โ€‹โ€‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒœใƒฉใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ขๆดปๅ‹•
158:53
or it's an internship. No, it can't.
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ใจใ‹ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚ทใƒƒใƒ—ใจใ‹ใ€‚ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
158:56
If you use.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚
158:57
The verb employ there has to be money exchange for work, so it isn't volunteer, even though
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ใใ“ใงใฎ้›‡็”จใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅฏพไพกใจใ—ใฆ้‡‘้Šญใฎใ‚„ใ‚Šๅ–ใ‚ŠใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใงใ€ ใŸใจใˆ
159:02
that person is a student. If a company employs them, it means they're paying them to do that
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ใใฎไบบใŒๅญฆ็”Ÿใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใƒœใƒฉใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไผๆฅญใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’้›‡็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
159:07
job.
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ใ€‚
159:08
Another example, you could commonly ask how many people does your company employ? How
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไผš็คพใฏไฝ•ๅใ‚’้›‡็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใจใ‚ˆใๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
159:11
many people work at your company and receive money in order to?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไผš็คพใงๅƒใ„ใฆใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏไฝ•ไบบใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ?
159:15
Do that work.
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ใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
159:16
Employee is a noun.
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ๅ่ฉž ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž
159:17
You.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
159:18
Are most likely an employee.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚
159:19
If you.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใ‚“ใŸใŒใ€‚
159:20
Work for someone else, whether it's a company or an individual, and that someone pays you
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ไผš็คพใงใ‚ใ‚Œ ๅ€‹ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใใ€ใใฎ
159:31
money to do the work, then you're an employee. You're not an employee if you own your own
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ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
159:40
business and you work for yourself, for example. But if you work for someone else or a company,
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไป–ใฎไบบใ‚„ไผš็คพใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
159:49
of course then you're an employee.
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใ™ใ€‚
159:51
Now as an example, you can ask the same question that we asked before using the verb employee.
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ใ“ใ“ใงไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžemployeeใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
159:59
But this time you would ask how many employees? How many employees does this company have?
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฏไฝ•ๅใงใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใฎไผš็คพใซใฏไฝ•ไบบใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
160:06
Because now we know an employee is someone who works for a company and is paid for it.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใงใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใจใฏ ไผš็คพใงๅƒใใ€ใใฎๅฏพไพกใจใ—ใฆ็ตฆๆ–™ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
160:14
How many employees does this company have?
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ใ“ใฎไผš็คพใซใฏไฝ•ไบบใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
160:17
Or another example, the company gave every employee a raise. So every person at that
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ไผš็คพใฏๅ…จ ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใซๆ˜‡็ตฆใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ
160:26
company that receives a paycheck, they gave them all a raise. All their employees got
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ไผš็คพใง็ตฆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ไบบ ๅ…จๅ“กใซๆ˜‡็ตฆใ‚’ไธŽใˆใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กๅ…จๅ“กใŒๆ˜‡็ตฆใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
160:32
a raise.
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ใ€‚
160:33
Now let's talk about employer. I hear many students, even sometimes native speakers confuse
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ๆฌกใซใ€้›‡็”จไธปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎ ๅญฆ็”Ÿใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ
160:39
employee and employer. All you have to remember is employee is the one getting paid and the
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ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใจ้›‡็”จไธปใ‚’ๆททๅŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่žใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ็ตฆไธŽใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
160:45
employer is the one paying the employee. OK, so employer that's like the boss, it's the
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ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใซ็ตฆไธŽใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใฎใฏ้›‡็”จไธปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ้›‡็”จไธปใฏไธŠๅธใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
160:53
company. Employee is the one working at that company and getting paid.
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ไผš็คพใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใจใฏใ€ใใฎไผš็คพใงๅƒใ„ใฆ ็ตฆๆ–™ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
160:59
So you can think of it as an employer is a company or a person that employs people now
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œemployeeใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€้›‡็”จไธปใฏ ไบบใ‚’้›‡็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไผš็คพใ€ใพใŸใฏไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
161:09
that you know what the verb employee means. For example, let's say you're going to a job
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฐฑ่ท
161:22
interview and they say to you, HR says to you we need a reference from your last employer.
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้ขๆŽฅใซ่กŒใใจใใซใ€ไบบไบ‹้ƒจใŒ ๅ‰ใฎ้›‡็”จไธปใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๆŽจ่–ฆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
161:33
Your last employer, so the last person or company that employed you. Notice how all
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ้›‡็”จไธปใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้›‡็”จใ—ใŸๆœ€ๅพŒใฎไบบใพใŸใฏไผš็คพใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
161:40
these words are coming together.
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็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
161:43
Or another example, and this could be a great example sentence that you leave in the comments
1650
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใจใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
161:51
below. So just think of this. I could say the government is the largest employer in
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฎ่ก— ใงใฏๆ”ฟๅบœใŒๆœ€ๅคงใฎ้›‡็”จไธปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
161:57
my city. And this is true because I live in the capital and in the capital, that's where
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ้ฆ–้ƒฝใซไฝใ‚“ใงใŠใ‚Š ใ€
162:05
all the official government business takes place. So the government is the biggest employer
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅ…ฌๅ‹™ใŒ้ฆ–้ƒฝใง่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
162:10
in my city the government employs the most.
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็งใฎ่ก—ใงใฏๆ”ฟๅบœใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅคšใ้›‡็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅคงใฎ้›‡็”จไธปใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
162:13
People. So all the employees, they're employees.
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ไบบใ€…ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฏๅ…จๅ“กใ€ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
162:14
Of.
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ใฎใ€‚
162:15
The government see how it's all coming together now. Finally, employment, employment. You
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใฏ็พๅœจใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใพใจใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŠŠๆกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅฐฑ่ทใ€ๅฐฑ่ทใ€‚
162:19
can think of this more as a concept. It's a noun and it's the concept of paying someone.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฆ‚ๅฟตใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใงใ™ใ€‚
162:23
For work.
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ไฝœๆฅญ็”จใ€‚
162:24
But as a concept, we talk about it more in terms of employment rate, employment level.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใจใ—ใฆใฏใ€ ้›‡็”จ็Ž‡ใ‚„้›‡็”จๆฐดๆบ–ใจใ„ใ†่ฆณ็‚นใ‹ใ‚‰่ชžใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
162:34
So you'll see employment used in a lot of statistics. For example, they might say right
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎ็ตฑ่จˆใง้›‡็”จใŒไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€
162:42
now employment levels are at an all time low, So employment levels, that's simply the number
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็พๅœจใ€้›‡็”จๆฐดๆบ–ใŒๅฒไธŠๆœ€ไฝŽใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้›‡็”จๆฐดๆบ–ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซ
162:50
of people employed now Also they talk about unemployment.
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็พๅœจ้›‡็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅคฑๆฅญใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
162:51
Unemployment, unemployment, of course are the people that are not employed are not working
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ๅคฑๆฅญใ€ๅคฑๆฅญใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ ้›‡็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใฏ
162:54
for money, right? So you might say the unemployment rate in my city is really high. So the number
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ใŠ้‡‘ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ็งใฎ่ก—ใฎๅคฑๆฅญ็Ž‡ใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
162:59
of people who are not employed.
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้›‡็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใฎๆ•ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
163:00
So now you know how to use employ, employee, employer, and employment. So definitely it's
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€employeeใ€employeeใ€ employeeใ€้›‡็”จใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏ
163:05
your turn to practice. Try writing four sentences, leave them in a the comments below, and then
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ 4 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ€ ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใฎๅพŒใ€
163:11
feel free to leave a fifth bonus sentence and see how many you can use in one sentence
1669
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่‡ช็”ฑใซ 5 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒœใƒผใƒŠใ‚นๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆ ใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒ็›ธไบ’ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใงใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
163:19
because they all relate together.
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ใ€‚
163:20
So you might need to watch this video again. Are you ready for your quiz? Here are the
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™
163:30
questions. Hip pawns, take as much time as you need. And when you're ready, hit play
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ใ€‚ ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒ—ใƒใƒผใƒณใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
163:41
to see the answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
163:43
How did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below and
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ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ€
163:51
let's continue on to the next group. You're doing so awesome. Our final pair is the difference
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ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒšใ‚ขใฏใ€
164:05
between income and revenue. First of all, you only need to know this if you own a business
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ๅŽๅ…ฅใจๅŽๅ…ฅใฎๅทฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ‚’็ตŒๅ–ถใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
164:11
or if you're interested in business topics.
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ใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
164:13
Because if you're an individual who works for a company, if you're an employee, you're
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไผๆฅญใซๅ‹คใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ€‹ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
164:20
employed by a company. All you need to be concerned about is income. Revenue does not
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ไผๆฅญใซ้›‡็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅŽๅ…ฅใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅŽๅ…ฅใฏ
164:30
apply to you. OK, but you might be interested to know about the revenue that your company
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไผš็คพใŒ็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ๅŽ็›Šใซใคใ„ใฆ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
164:39
generates. But an individual does not generate revenue. A company generates revenue. So just
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ€‹ไบบใŒๅŽๅ…ฅใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ไผๆฅญใฏๅŽ็›Šใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
164:46
keep that in mind. So for an individual, let's say you were.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๅ€‹ไบบใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ†ใ ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
164:51
Work for a company and you're just concerned about the money in your pocket. As an employee,
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ไผš็คพใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใŠ้‡‘ใฎใ“ใจใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๆฐ—ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไผš็คพๅ“กใจใ—ใฆใฎ
164:57
what is income? Income is how much money you make from all sources. All sources. OK, So
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ๅŽๅ…ฅใฏใ„ใใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅŽๅ…ฅใจใฏใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆบๆณ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็จผใใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ€
165:02
what does that mean? All sources? Well, let's say that you are a full time employee. OK,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚น? ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ OKใ€
165:10
And let's say you have a salary and you make $75,000 a year.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ็ตฆๆ–™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅนดๅŽใŒ 75,000 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
165:15
But in addition to your full time employment, you're also an artist and you like to paint
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ•ใƒซใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซๅŠ ใˆใฆ ใ‚ขใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ™ๆš‡ใซใฏ็ตตใ‚’ๆใใ“ใจใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™
165:23
in your spare time. But twice a year you go to art shows on weekends and you sell your.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅนดใซ 2 ๅ›žใ€ ้€ฑๆœซใซใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใซ่กŒใใ€ไฝœๅ“ใ‚’่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
165:33
Art.
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็พŽ่ก“ใ€‚ ็ตตใ‚’ๆใใฎใŒๅฅฝใใ 
165:34
You don't consider this a job because you love painting. It's just a hobby of yours.
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไป•ไบ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ˜ใชใ‚‹่ถฃๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
165:40
But your paintings are really wonderful and people want to buy them. So you go to these
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตตใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€ ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใŸใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€
165:46
art shows and you sell your paintings twice a year, and from those art shows you make
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ตต็”ปใ‚’ๅนดใซ 2 ๅ›ž่ฒฉๅฃฒใ— ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰
165:50
$20,000 from your art. So your income.
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ใ‚ขใƒผใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ 20,000 ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็จผใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŽๅ…ฅใ€‚
165:51
Is not just the money you get from your employer. Your income is all sources of money that you
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้›‡็”จไธปใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŽๅ…ฅใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎใŠ้‡‘ใฎๆบใงใ™
165:57
receive. So of course your employer is probably going to be the most important income source
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ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€้›‡็”จไธปใŒใŠใใ‚‰ใ ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅŽๅ…ฅๆบใซใชใ‚‹ใจ
166:04
I imagine, but if you have any sort of hobbies that you generate money from.
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ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’็”Ÿใ‚€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ่ถฃๅ‘ณใ‚’ใŠๆŒใกใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€‚
166:12
Even if you.
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ใŸใจใˆใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ€‚
166:13
Have a garage sale and you make $1000. Technically that's still your income. You sell a bike
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ใ‚ฌใƒฌใƒผใ‚ธใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ1000ใƒ‰ใƒซๅ„ฒใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŽณๅฏ†ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใพใ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŽๅ…ฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ช่ปข่ปŠใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚‹
166:22
and you make 100 bucks. You would include.
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ใจ100ใƒ‰ใƒซๅ„ฒใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
166:24
Include that in your total income. So your total income is the money you make from all
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ทๅŽๅ…ฅใซๅซใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ็ทๅŽๅ…ฅใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใŸใŠ้‡‘ใงใ™
166:30
sources. Now let's go back to the concept of revenue versus income. But remember, this
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ๅŽ็›ŠใจๅŽๅ…ฅใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
166:36
is something that only applies to businesses, small businesses, large businesses. It doesn't
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ไผๆฅญใ€ ไธญๅฐไผๆฅญใ€ๅคงไผๆฅญใซใฎใฟ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
166:41
matter any type of business. So in a business, revenue is the money generated from all sales.
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ๆฅญ็จฎใฏๅ•ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใงใฏใ€ ๅŽ็›Šใฏใ™ในใฆใฎๅฃฒไธŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŠ้‡‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹
166:50
So let's say a company has five different products and each of those products generate
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ไผๆฅญใŒ 5 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใŒใ„ใใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ
166:54
some money and then you Add all of those together and that company generates $25 million that
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ๅŽ็›Šใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๅˆ่จˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใฎไผๆฅญใฏใใฎๅนดใซ 2,500 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใฎๅŽ็›Šใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™
166:58
year. That's the revenue, the money generated from all sales. Now what's income in a company?
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽ็›Šใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฃฒไธŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŠ้‡‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ไผš็คพใฎๅŽๅ…ฅใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
167:02
Income is the revenue, which we just learned, the revenue minus the expenses. That leaves
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ๅŽๅ…ฅใจใฏๅ…ˆใปใฉๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸๅŽ็›Šใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅŽ็›Šใ‹ใ‚‰็ตŒ่ฒปใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ๅผ•ใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚ŒใฐๅŽๅ…ฅใŒๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™
167:08
you with the income.
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ใ€‚
167:10
So let's say you.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
167:11
Generate that $25 million. But to do that you needed to spend $10 million in advertisement.
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ใใฎ 2,500 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซใฏ ๅบƒๅ‘Šใซ 1,000 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
167:20
So your revenue is $25 million, but your income is your revenue minus your expenses. So your
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŽ็›Šใฏ 2,500 ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅŽๅ…ฅใฏ ๅŽ็›Šใ‹ใ‚‰็ตŒ่ฒปใ‚’ๅทฎใ—ๅผ•ใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
167:28
income is $15 million. Now just in case you're wondering, that is also referred to as net
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ๅŽๅ…ฅใฏ1500ไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด”ๅˆฉ็›Šใจใ‚‚ๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™
167:36
profit. That's just a little bonus expression for you.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใธใฎใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใŠใพใ‘่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
167:39
So there you have it. That's the difference between revenue and income. So now is your
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใงๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ๅŽๅ…ฅใจๅŽๅ…ฅใฎ้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏ
167:42
return to practice. Why don't you leave 2 examples in the comments below, 1 using revenue
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็ทด็ฟ’ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ 2 ใคใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ใ€‚1 ใคใฏๅŽ็›Šใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
167:45
and when using income? Are you ready for your quiz? Here are the questions. Hip pawns, take
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ใจใ€ๅŽ็›Šใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ ? ่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒ—ใƒใƒผใƒณใ€
167:46
as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
167:51
In this lesson, you're going to learn 50 common phrasal verbs that will help you sound fluent
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆตๆšขใ‹ใค่‡ช็„ถใซ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค 50 ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™
167:58
and natural in English. Because this is a long lesson, I've divided it into five different
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ใ€‚ ้•ทใ„ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใชใฎใงใ€5 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใซๅˆ†ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ
168:06
parts. So first, you'll complete a quiz, then you'll learn the phrasal verbs in detail,
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใพใšใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฉณใ—ใๅญฆใณใ€
168:16
and then you'll complete another quiz to make sure you really understand these phrasal verbs.
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ๆฌกใซๅˆฅใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
168:25
And then you'll move on to the next group of.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ ใ€‚
168:31
Of verbs. Let's get started. Question one. I really because my new kitten is so cuddly
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใ€‚ ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 1ใ€‚ ็งใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅญ็ŒซใฏไปŠใจใฆใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ†ใงใ™
168:38
now. I'll only give you 3 seconds to answer the question. So if you need more time, hit
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ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซ 3 ็ง’ใ—ใ‹ไธŽใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ™‚้–“ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
168:47
pause, Take as much time as you need. I really lucked out question two if we.
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ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€็ฌฌ 2 ๅ•ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅนธ้‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
168:56
The deal now, we'll lose our deposit if we back out of question three. Your presentation
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ไปŠใฎๅ–ๅผ•ใงใฏใ€่ณชๅ• 3 ใงๆ’คๅ›žใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒ‡ใƒใ‚ธใƒƒใƒˆใฏๅคฑใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ
169:03
is only 10 minutes, so make sure you don't, you don't ramble on question four. We only
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10 ๅˆ†ใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ่ณชๅ• 4 ใงใจใ‚Šใจใ‚ใฎใชใ„่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
169:12
have two days to fix all these errors.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚จใƒฉใƒผใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ 2 ๆ—ฅใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
169:16
I don't know how will how will pull it off. Question 5 All travelers have to the COVID
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Š้‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 5 ใ™ในใฆใฎๆ—…่กŒ่€…ใฏใ€ๆ–ฐๅž‹ใ‚ณใƒญใƒŠใ‚ฆใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹
169:23
rules and regulations have to abide by Question six. I once saw Brad Pitt in a restaurant,
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่ฆๅ‰‡ใจ่ฆๅˆถใซๅพ“ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ณชๅ• 6 ใซๅพ“ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงใƒ–ใƒฉใƒƒใƒ‰ใƒปใƒ”ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
169:30
but I.
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169:31
And couldn't even say hello, but I clammed up. Question 7, if everything will finish
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ๆŒจๆ‹ถใ•ใˆใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€้ป™ใฃใฆ ใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 7ใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒ
169:37
the project tomorrow if everything pans out. Question 8 The meaning was so long and boring
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ใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 8 ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้•ทใใฆ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚็†่งฃใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใŒ
169:45
I'm surprised I didn't.
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ไธๆ€่ญฐใงใ™ใ€‚
169:46
I didn't nod off question nine. It just that tomorrow's our anniversary. It just dawned
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็งใฏ่ณชๅ• 9 ใซใ†ใชใšใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ่จ˜ๅฟตๆ—ฅใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
169:51
on me and Question 10. The proposal looks good, but let's take the afternoon to before
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่ณชๅ• 10 ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆๆกˆใฏ ่‰ฏใ•ใใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๅˆๅพŒใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
169:56
we decide.
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ใ€‚
169:57
To Mull it over now, if you want more support to help you feel comfortable and confident
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ˜ใฃใใ‚Š่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฟซ้ฉใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
170:04
using phrasal verbs, you can join the Finally Fluent Academy. This is my premium membership
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Finally Fluent Academy ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใƒŸใ‚ขใƒ ไผšๅ“ก
170:09
program where we study native English speakers and you'll learn the most common phrasal verbs,
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ใงใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใ€ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€
170:13
idioms, and expressions. And you'll have me as your personal coach to answer any questions
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ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ€่กจ็พใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€็งใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฎๅ€‹ไบบใ‚ณใƒผใƒใจใ—ใฆใ€่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ€
170:21
you have and to give you feedback so you can look in the description for the length.
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ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒ‰ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ้•ทใ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
170:29
To join the Finally Fluent Academy today. So how did you do with that quiz? Was it easy?
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‰Finally Fluent Academyใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
170:34
Difficult. Share your score in the comments below, and now I'll explain every phrasal
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้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ๆฌกใซใ€้ตๅฎˆใ™ในใใ™ในใฆใฎๅฅ
170:40
verb in detail #1 to abide by. This is more of a formal phrasal verb because it's used
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ #1ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ‚„่ฆๅˆถใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใซๅพ“ใ†ใจใใซ ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
170:48
when you accept or follow a rule or regulation.
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ใ€‚
170:51
So we use it mainly with government rules, court rules, even business rules as well.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏไธปใซๆ”ฟๅบœใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ€ ่ฃๅˆคๆ‰€ใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
170:58
For example, as a tourist, you have to abide by the rules of the country you're visiting.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ฆณๅ…‰ๅฎขใฏใ€ ่จชๅ•ๅ…ˆใฎๅ›ฝใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
171:05
So if you see a sign that says no parking, you have to abide by that rule. You have to
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ง่ปŠ็ฆๆญขใฎๆจ™่ญ˜ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
171:14
follow that rule.
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ใใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
171:15
Now remember, we also use this to say you simply accept, you accept, but then you follow
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ˜ใซๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๅพŒใฏ
171:22
it. For example, let's say you go to court because of a dispute.
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ใใ‚Œใซๅพ“ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ็ด›ไบ‰ใฎใŸใ‚่ฃๅˆคๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
171:28
And the court doesn't rule in your favor. You still have to abide by that decision.
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ใใ—ใฆ่ฃๅˆคๆ‰€ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆœ‰ๅˆฉใชๅˆคๆฑบใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใใฎๆฑบๅฎšใซใฏๅพ“ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
171:34
You have to accept it and then follow it. So this is a more formal phrasal verb, but
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ“ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€
171:48
it's very useful because we all have to abide by many different rules, regulations, and
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็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใ€่ฆๅˆถใ€
171:54
policies.
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ใƒใƒชใ‚ทใƒผใซๅพ“ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚
171:55
#2 to dawn on. This is an excellent phrasal verb to add to your daily vocabulary. To dawn
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#2 ๅคœๆ˜Žใ‘ใธใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ๆ—ฅๅธธใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใซๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅคœๆ˜Žใ‘ใ€ใจใฏใ€
172:03
on is when you finally realize or understand something. For example, one day it just dawned
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใ€
172:12
on me that I need to change careers.
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ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
172:16
So one day I just realized I need to change career. So you can absolutely say realize
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ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใ€็งใฏใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
172:23
we're just using the phrasal verb dawn on and it's extremely common now.
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œๅคœๆ˜Žใ‘ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไปŠใงใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ็ตถๅฏพใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
172:26
Notice the sentence structure here. It dawned on me. Something dawns on someone. So the
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
172:32
IT is the realization. It dawned on me that I need to change careers. So just keep that
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IT ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
172:41
in mind because the sentence structure is commonly used with. It dawns on and then someone.
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ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใฏ ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅคœใŒๆ˜Žใ‘ใฆใ€ใใ—ใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€‚
172:48
#3 to pull off This is also a must know phrasal verb. When you pull something off, you're
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#3 to pull off ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅฟ…ใš็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Š้‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ€
172:52
able to do something that is difficult or unlikely to do. For example, let's say you're
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้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚„ใงใใใ†ใซใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
172:56
a wedding planner and a couple comes to you and tells you they want to have this huge
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ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒ—ใƒฉใƒณใƒŠใƒผใงใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใƒซใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆฅใฆใ€
173:04
300 person wedding in three weeks.
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300 ไบบ่ฆๆจกใฎๅคง่ฆๆจกใช็ตๅฉšๅผใ‚’ 3 ้€ฑ้–“ไปฅๅ†…ใซๆŒ™ใ’ใŸใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
173:06
And they want you to plan everything. That's really difficult and it might even be unlikely
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใ™ในใฆใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฃใ—ใใ€3้€ฑ้–“ใง
173:14
that you're able to plan a 300 person wedding in three weeks. So you could say, I don't
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300ไบบใฎ็ตๅฉšๅผใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใงใใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
173:21
know if I can pull that off. I don't know if I can do that because it's very difficult.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Š้‚ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
173:30
I don't know if I can pull that off the that being planning the 300 person wedding. Now
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300ไบบ่ฆๆจกใฎ็ตๅฉšๅผใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็งใซใใ‚ŒใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
173:38
let's say you do successfully plan the wedding after you could say I can't believe I pulled
1773
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ใŒ็ตๅฉšๅผใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚’ ใ‚„ใ‚Š้‚ใ’ใŸใชใ‚“ใฆไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
173:45
that off. I can't believe I pulled off planning a 300 person wedding in only three weeks.
1774
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใšใ‹3้€ฑ้–“ใง300ไบบ่ฆๆจกใฎ็ตๅฉšๅผใฎ่จˆ็”ปใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Š้‚ใ’ใŸใ“ใจใŒไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
173:54
#4 to back out of This is an excellent business phrasal verb. It's used when you fail to keep
1775
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#4 ๅ–ใ‚Šๆถˆใ™ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ด„ๆŸใ‚„็ด„ๆŸใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
174:02
a commitment or a promise. Now, in a business context, A commitment could be.
1776
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏ ใ€ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒƒใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใŒใ“ใ‚Œใซ็›ธๅฝ“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
174:08
Something you agreed to or arranged to. It can be formal and you have a contract in place,
1777
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅŒๆ„ใ—ใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ–ใ‚Šๆฑบใ‚ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ€‚ ๅฅ‘็ด„ๆ›ธใ‚’ไบคใ‚ใ—ใฆๆญฃๅผใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€ๅฃ้ ญใงๅŒๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘
174:16
or it could be more informal and you just agree to it verbally. So if you don't keep
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ใฎ้žๅ…ฌๅผใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใฎ็ด„ๆŸใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใฎ็ด„ๆŸ
174:23
that commitment then you back out of it. For example, I can't believe the client backed
1779
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ’ค้€€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใŒๅœŸๅฃ‡ๅ ดใงๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ„ใŸใชใ‚“ใฆไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
174:29
out at the last minute.
1780
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ใ€‚
174:30
Now notice here I just said backed out. I didn't use the of. We only use the of when
1781
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็งใŒไปŠๆ’ค้€€ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฎใฏไฝฟใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ of ใฏใ€
174:42
you specify the noun, the something. I can't believe the client backed out of the agreement,
1782
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ๅ่ฉžใ€the something ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใŒๅœŸๅฃ‡ๅ ดใงๅฅ‘็ด„ใ€
174:51
the project, the plan, the proposal at the last minute.
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ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€่จˆ็”ปใ€ๆๆกˆใ‚’ๆ’คๅ›žใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
174:53
#5 to clam up. This is an excellent phrasal verb for all of you or anyone that does public
1784
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#5 ็ท ใ‚ใใใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚„ไบบๅ‰ใง่ฉฑใ™ไบบใซใจใฃใฆ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
174:58
speaking, because when you clam up, you're unable to speak, usually because of fear or
1785
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ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฃใ‚’้–‰ใ–ใ™ใจใใ€ ้€šๅธธใฏๆๆ€–ใ‚„็ทŠๅผตใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
175:04
nervousness.
1786
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ใ€‚
175:05
But this can also be used if you simply refuse to speak for whatever reason. For example,
1787
10505090
5660
ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใงๅ˜ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ‹’ๅฆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
175:10
I always clam up when I'm public speaking. When I'm public speaking, I become unable
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ไบบๅ‰ใง่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅฃใ‚’้–‰ใ–ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไบบๅ‰ใง่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅ‡บใฆใ“ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
175:18
to get the words out. You clam up. Now my advice to you is if you feel like you're going
1789
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ›บใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ‚ใชใŸใธใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏใ€ๅฟƒใŒ่ฉฐใพใ‚Šใใ†ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚‰
175:27
to clam up, just take a deep breath.
1790
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ใ€ใŸใ ๆทฑๅ‘ผๅธใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
175:32
Number six to Mull over. When you Mull something over, you think about it, or you consider
1791
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6 ็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ ็†Ÿ่€ƒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็†Ÿ่€ƒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
175:42
it, and the something you're mulling over is simply an idea, an idea, a proposal, a
1792
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ใ‚‚ใฎใฏ ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ€ๆๆกˆใ€
175:48
suggestion. And you Mull it over. You think about it. You consider it. So let's say you're
1793
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13889
ๆๆกˆใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็†Ÿ่€ƒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒๆ…ฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
176:02
in a meeting and a client or colleague suggests a new tool to use.
1794
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ไผš่ญฐไธญใซใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใพใŸใฏๅŒๅƒšใŒ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆๆกˆใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
176:10
And you need to think about it. So you could say, give me a few days to Mull it over and
1795
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆŠ˜ใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—้€ฃ็ตกใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
176:27
I'll get back to you to Mull it over. the IT being using the tool, purchasing the tool,
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ใ€‚ IT ้ƒจ้–€ใŒใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใƒ„ใƒผใƒซใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’
176:37
whatever you're going to do, give me a few days to Mull it over. Now you can also specify
1797
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ๆคœ่จŽใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ•ฐๆ—ฅใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใ‚‚ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ณใƒŸใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซๅ–ๅผ•ใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽ
176:49
the noun and you can say I need to Mull the deal over before I commit.
1798
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
177:00
#7 to pan out. This is an extremely common phrasal verb. To pan out simply talks about
1799
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#7 ใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒ‘ใƒณใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ€ใจใฏใ€
177:15
how a situation develops. For example, I'm not sure how this merger will pan out. So
1800
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็ŠถๆณใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บๅฑ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ˜ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ“ใฎๅˆไฝตใŒใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
177:30
the situation here is the merger.
1801
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ็Šถๆณใฏๅˆไฝตใงใ™ใ€‚
177:37
And we're talking about, well, how's the merger going to go? How's it going to develop? Will
1802
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅˆไฝตใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ†็™บๅฑ•ใ—ใฆใ„ใใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
177:47
it be positive, will it be negative? Will there be challenges or difficulties, benefits?
1803
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ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‹๏ผŸ ่ชฒ้กŒใ‚„ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใ€ๅˆฉ็‚นใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
177:56
That's how the situation develops. So here I'm saying, I'm not sure, I'm not sure how
1804
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ใใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ็Šถๆณใฏ็™บๅฑ•ใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใŒใ“ใ“ใง่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ๅˆไฝตใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
178:01
the merger will pan out. Now let's say the merger had some difficulties or challenges.
1805
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้€ฒใ‚€ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ๅˆไฝตใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅ›ฐ้›ฃใ‚„่ชฒ้กŒใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
178:08
You could say the merger didn't pan out, didn't develop, the merger didn't pan out as we had
1806
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ๅˆไฝตใฏใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ ็™บๅฑ•ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ๅˆไฝตใฏ
178:14
expected.
1807
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ๆœŸๅพ…ใฉใŠใ‚Šใซใ†ใพใใ„ใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
178:15
#8 to ramble on. This is an excellent one for all you public speakers because when you
1808
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2271
ใจใ‚Šใจใ‚ใฎใชใ„#8ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
178:18
ramble on, you talk at length without getting to the point. So let's say I rambled on for
1809
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4700
ใจใ‚Šใจใ‚ใฎใชใ„่ฉฑใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ€่ฆ็‚นใซๅˆฐ้”ใ›ใšใซ้•ทใ€…ใจ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ฌ›ๆผ”่€…ๅ…จๅ“กใซใจใฃใฆใฏๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŒใƒฉใƒณใƒ–ใƒซใฎ
178:22
5 minutes trying to explain the definition of ramble on and at the end.
1810
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ๅฎš็พฉใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆ 5 ๅˆ†้–“ใจใ‚Šใจใ‚ใชใ่ฉฑใ—็ถšใ‘ใฆ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
178:27
You didn't understand it at all and you're confused. You're a little annoyed because
1811
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…จใ็†่งฃใงใใšใ€ ๆททไนฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็„ก้ง„ใซใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
178:33
I wasted your time. I rambled on. So this is used as a negative, and it's used when
1812
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏใจใ‚Šใจใ‚ใชใ็ถšใ‘ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
178:42
you're communicating an idea. So we generally use this as a complaint. The speaker rambled
1813
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€šๅธธใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่‹ฆๆƒ…ใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏ
178:53
on for 20 minutes #9 to nod off.
1814
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ใ†ใชใšใใŸใ‚ใซ 20 ๅˆ†้–“ #9 ใ‚’ใจใ‚Šใจใ‚ใชใ่ฉฑใ—็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
178:56
This is when you fall asleep, but is when you fall asleep, usually for a very short
1815
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็œ ใ‚Šใซ่ฝใกใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใŒใ€ ้€šๅธธใฏ้žๅธธใซ
179:04
period of time, and usually when you're not supposed to. So this isn't when you go to
1816
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็Ÿญๆ™‚้–“ใงใ€้€šๅธธใฏ็œ ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใชใ„ใจใใซ็œ ใ‚Šใซ่ฝใกใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคœใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซๅฏใ‚‹ใจใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
179:15
bed at the end of the night. OK, so let's say you're in a meeting at work and your colleague
1817
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ทๅ ดใงไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅŒๅƒšใŒ
179:23
is rambling on, and the topic is very boring and you start doing this.
1818
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ใจใ‚Šใจใ‚ใฎใชใ„่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใŒ้žๅธธใซ้€€ๅฑˆใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
179:30
That is nodding off and this motion of your head, what I'm doing, this is the verb to
1819
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ†ใชใšใใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎ้ ญใฎๅ‹•ใ ใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
179:38
nod, nod your head. So when you fall asleep, what do you do? You nod your head. So that's
1820
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ใ†ใชใšใใ€ใ†ใชใšใใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็œ ใ‚Šใซ่ฝใกใŸใจใใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ†ใชใšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“
179:48
where this phrasal verb to nod off comes from.
1821
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ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œnod offใ€ใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
179:52
And remember, we use this for short periods of time, usually when you're not supposed
1822
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ้€šๅธธใ€
179:58
to fall asleep, for example when you're driving. So I might say I always listen to loud music
1823
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้‹่ปขไธญใชใฉใ€็œ ใ‚Šใซ่ฝใกใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใจใใซ็Ÿญๆ™‚้–“ใ ใ‘ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅคœใฎ้‹่ปขไธญใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅคง้Ÿณ้‡ใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง
180:06
when I'm driving at night, so I don't nod off.
1824
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ใ€ใ†ใชใšใ‹ ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
180:10
And #10 I love this phrasal verb to lock out. When you lock out, you're very lucky in a
1825
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ใใ—ใฆ๏ผƒ10 ็งใฏใ“ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ€ใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏ้žๅธธใซๅนธ้‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
180:18
specific situation. So let's say there's this major sale on the new iPhone model, and they're
1826
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ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ iPhone ใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซใฎๅคง่ฆๆจกใชใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
180:27
selling for 50% off, and you go to the store and you get the very last one.
1827
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50% ใ‚ชใƒ•ใง่ฒฉๅฃฒใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ๅบ—่ˆ—ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
180:33
You could say I can't believe I lucked out and got the new iPhone for 50% off. You lucked
1828
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ๅนธ้‹ใซใ‚‚ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ iPhone ใ‚’ 50% ใ‚ชใƒ•ใงๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใชใ‚“ใฆไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅนธ้‹
180:41
out. You were very lucky in this specific situation. Or let's say you're driving during
1829
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ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็‰นๆฎŠใช็ŠถๆณใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅนธ้‹ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒฏใƒผใซ่ปŠใ‚’้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
180:47
rush hour and you're going to an appointment and you get a parking spot right in front
1830
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็ด„ๆŸใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใจใใซใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใฎ็›ฎใฎ ๅ‰ใซ้ง่ปŠๅ ดใ‚’็ขบไฟใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™
180:56
of the office.
1831
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ใ€‚
180:58
In rush hour downtown, you can say I can't believe I lucked out and got such an amazing
1832
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ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใƒณใฎใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒฏใƒผใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„้ง่ปŠใ‚นใƒšใƒผใ‚นใ‚’็ขบไฟใงใใŸใฎใฏใ€ๅนธ้‹ใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
181:06
parking spot. Or if you're telling that story to a friend, I got this parking spot right
1833
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ‹ไบบใซ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใชใ‚‰ ใ€็งใฏใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฆใƒณใฎใƒ“ใƒซใฎ็›ฎใฎๅ‰ใซใ“ใฎ้ง่ปŠๅ ดใ‚’็ขบไฟใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
181:12
in front of the building downtown. During rush hour, they could say, wow, you really
1834
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ใ€‚ ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ขใƒฏใƒผใฎๆ™‚้–“ๅธฏใซใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ใ”ใ„ใญใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‹ใŒ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
181:16
lucked out. You really lucked out by getting that parking spot.
1835
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ใ€‚ ใใฎ้ง่ปŠๅ ดใ‚’็ขบไฟใงใใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅนธ้‹ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉž
181:22
Now that you feel more comfortable with the phrasal verbs, let's do that exact same quiz
1836
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ใซๆ…ฃใ‚ŒใฆใใŸใฎใง ใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚„ใฃใฆใ€
181:28
again so you can see how much progress you made. So here are the questions. Hit, pause,
1837
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ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘้€ฒๆญฉใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใใ“ใง่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€
181:34
take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
1838
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
181:40
Here are the answers. Hit pause and compare your answers to the correct answers. Question
1839
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็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„็ญ”ใˆใจๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•
181:46
one, she's not. She's just really good at basketball. She's not showing off. Question
1840
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ใใฎ1ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ฆ‹ใ›ใณใ‚‰ใ‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•
181:52
two, it's hard to meditate when my kids keep.
1841
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2ใ€ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒ็ž‘ๆƒณใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ็ž‘ๆƒณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
181:56
When my kids keep barging in question three, We've been friends for 20 years. I'm not going
1842
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็งใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒ่ณชๅ• 3 ใซๆŠผใ—ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใŸใจใใ€ใ€Œ ็งใŸใกใฏ 20 ๅนดๆฅใฎๅ‹ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็งใฏ
182:02
to let this, I'm not going to let this come between us. Question four, It's amazing how
1843
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ็งใŸใกใฎ้–“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 4ใ€
182:09
fast the company after the pandemic.
1844
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏๅพŒใฎไผš็คพใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใฏ้ฉšใในใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
182:12
The company bounced back. Question five, I need to call the garage. My car's been all
1845
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7230
ไผš็คพใฏ็ซ‹ใก็›ดใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 5ใ€ ใ‚ฌใƒฌใƒผใ‚ธใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎ่ปŠใฏไธ€้€ฑ้–“ไธญใšใฃใจใงใ™
182:19
week. My car's been acting up. Question 6. His speech didn't. The urgency of the situation,
1846
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ใ€‚ ็งใฎ่ปŠใฎ่ชฟๅญใŒๆ‚ชใใชใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 6. ๅฝผใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็Šถๆณใฎ็ทŠๆ€ฅๆ€งใ€
182:25
His speech didn't get across.
1847
10945140
1070
ๅฝผใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฏไผใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
182:26
Question 7 just can close any deal we can. We can count on her. Question eight, I can't
1848
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11370
่ณชๅ• 7 ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅ–ๅผ•ใ‚’ๆˆ็ซ‹ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 8ใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไผ‘ใฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
182:37
give you the day off tomorrow, but I can by letting you leave early, I can make it up
1849
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10051
ใŒใ€ ๆ—ฉ้€€ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
182:47
to you.
1850
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1098
ใ€‚
182:48
Question nine they said the price is too high but give them a week they'll they'll come
1851
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8191
่ณชๅ• 9 ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไพกๆ ผใŒ้ซ˜ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ 1 ้€ฑ้–“ไปฅๅ†…ใซๆฅใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
182:56
around. Question 10, my boss always makes me stay late. I don't know why I I put up
1852
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8400
ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 10ใ€ไธŠๅธใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ ็งใ‚’้…ใใพใงๆฎ‹ๆฅญใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใœๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
183:05
with it.
1853
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2610
ใ€‚
183:07
How'd you do with the quiz? Share your score in the comments below. And don't worry if
1854
10987930
14120
ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚ขใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ้›ฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
183:22
it was difficult, because now I'm going to explain every phrasal verb in detail. Number
1855
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10519
ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฌฌ
183:32
one, to come around to an opinion or an idea, and this means to change your opinion or to
1856
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8651
ไธ€ใซใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
183:41
see a new point of view. Now notice the sentence structure, because we have two prepositions
1857
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7130
ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ฆ–็‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
183:48
around.
1858
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1000
ใ€‚
183:49
And two and then after two we need something. We need a noun, an opinion, or an idea. For
1859
11029350
8952
ใใ—ใฆ 2 ใคใ€ใใ—ใฆ 2 ใคๅพŒใซใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
183:58
example. I came around to the new job after I heard about the benefits package. So remember,
1860
11038302
4608
ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚ ็ฆๅˆฉๅŽš็”Ÿใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใฆๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
184:02
this means you changed your opinion so previously you didn't want the new job.
1861
11042910
3840
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
184:06
But now you've come around to it, so you've changed your opinion. Now you want the new
1862
11046750
5570
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไปŠใฏใใ‚Œใซๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ ๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
184:12
job because you heard about the benefits package. We commonly use this without the preposition
1863
11052320
7430
็ฆๅˆฉๅŽš็”Ÿใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€
184:19
to and without specifying the something when the something has already been mentioned.
1864
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5300
ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆ—ขใซ่จ€ๅŠใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž to ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใšใซใ€ใพใŸใใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ›ใšใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
184:25
For example, at first I didn't want to move to Boston, but I came around.
1865
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5760
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฏใƒœใ‚นใƒˆใƒณใซ็งปไฝใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใƒœใ‚นใƒˆใƒณใซ็งปไฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
184:30
After I visited SO, notice I didn't say I came around to something because the something
1866
11070810
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SO ใ‚’่จชๅ•ใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ใใฎ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ™ใงใซ่จ€ๅŠใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใŸใ‚ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆฅใŸใจใฏ
184:36
had already been mentioned. So I came around to the idea after I visited #2 to get across
1867
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6940
่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚„ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ #2 ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใใพใ—ใŸ
184:43
a point or a message.
1868
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1670
ใ€‚
184:45
And this is when you clearly and effectively communicate a point or a message. For example,
1869
11085050
11550
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ฆ็‚นใ‚„ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใ‹ใคๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใซไผใˆใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
184:56
make sure you get across that the project is over budget. So if you're having a meeting
1870
11096600
8530
ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒ ไบˆ็ฎ—ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ…ใšไผใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจไผš่ญฐใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
185:05
with a client and your boss has this very particular message or idea.
1871
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3120
ไธŠๅธใŒ้žๅธธใซ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ‚„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
185:08
The project is over budget and your boss wants you to communicate that in a clear, effective
1872
11108250
5330
ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏไบˆ็ฎ—ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ไธŠๅธใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใ‹ใคๅŠนๆžœ็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไผใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™
185:13
way. Your boss wants to make sure you get that across. Now we also use this when you're
1873
11113580
8650
ใ€‚ ไธŠๅธใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใใ‚Œใ‚’็ขบๅฎŸใซ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไปŠใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ
185:22
talking, You're talking, you're talking and the ideas aren't really coming out very well.
1874
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6530
่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ†ใพใๅ‡บใฆใ“ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
185:28
And after a while you stop and you say what I'm trying to get across is.
1875
11128760
6290
ใใ—ใฆใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ซ‹ใกๆญขใพใ‚Šใ€ ็งใŒไผใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ“ใ†ใ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
185:35
And then you state your point. What I'm trying to get across is the project is over budget
1876
11135050
4389
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’่ฟฐในใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒไผใˆใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฏ
185:39
#3 to show off. This is when you deliberately display your skills or abilities in a way
1877
11139439
4102
่ช‡็คบใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎไบˆ็ฎ— #3 ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใซๅฅฝๅฐ่ฑกใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚„่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ›ณ็š„ใซๆŠซ้œฒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™
185:43
to impress other people. Now this is frequently used in the negative. Don't show off, don't
1878
11143541
5980
ใ€‚ ไปŠใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆ‹ใ›ใณใ‚‰ใ‹ใ•ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
185:49
show off.
1879
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1000
่ฆ‹ใ›ใณใ‚‰ใ‹ใ•ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
185:50
But there's definitely a time and a place when you want to show off. For example, when
1880
11150521
9668
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่‡ชๆ…ขใ—ใŸใ„ๆ™‚ใจๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏ็ขบใ‹ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
186:00
you're going to a job interview, you shouldn't be modest. You should show off your skills
1881
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7981
ๅฐฑ่ทใฎ้ขๆŽฅใซ่กŒใใจใใ€่ฌ™่™šใซใชใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ‚„่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŠซ้œฒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
186:08
and abilities. You should talk about all your awards, your accomplishments, your degrees,
1882
11168170
6210
ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆใฎ ่ณžใ€ๆฅญ็ธพใ€ๅญฆไฝใ€
186:14
the compliments you've received. You want to show off all of your experience to the
1883
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4930
ๅ—ใ‘ใŸ่ค’ใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ
186:19
interviewer.
1884
11179310
1000
้ขๆŽฅๅฎ˜ใซใ‚ขใƒ”ใƒผใƒซใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
186:20
So an interview is the perfect time to show off. Also, if you're going for your IELTS
1885
11180310
4980
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ขๆŽฅใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒ”ใƒผใƒซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๆฉŸไผšใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€IELTS ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
186:25
exam, you don't want to be modest with your knowledge of the English language. You want
1886
11185290
6460
ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ๆŽงใˆใ‚ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช
186:31
to show off your abilities by using a range of grammatical structures and a range of phrasal
1887
11191750
12990
ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช
186:44
verbs and idioms and expressions you want to show off.
1888
11204740
4850
ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใ€ ่ช‡็คบใ—ใŸใ„่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’่ช‡็คบใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
186:49
To the interviewer.
1889
11209590
1000
้ขๆŽฅๅฎ˜ใธใ€‚
186:50
#4 to count on.
1890
11210590
1240
้ ผใ‚Šใซใชใ‚‹๏ผƒ4ใ€‚
186:51
Now this is exactly the same as to rely on or to depend on. So you have three different
1891
11211830
7050
ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ ผใ‚‹ใ€้ ผใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใจๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€on ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ 3 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹
186:58
phrasal verbs all with on that mean the exact same thing. And this
1892
11218880
10790
ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
187:09
is of course when you trust someone or something to complete a specific task or objective.
1893
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6760
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚„็›ฎ็š„ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ชฐใ‹ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚
187:16
For example, I can always count on Selma to stay late.
1894
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏใ‚ปใƒซใƒžใŒ ้…ใใพใงๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใคใ‚‚้ ผใ‚Šใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
187:20
So you can trust Selma to complete the specific task or objective, which is to stay late and
1895
11240460
10080
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€Selma ใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚„็›ฎ็š„ใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไฟก้ ผใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้…ใใพใงๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€
187:30
remember you could replace this with rely on I can always rely on Selma or depend on
1896
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6290
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œ ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ปใƒซใƒžใซ้ ผใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ
187:36
I can always depend on Selma. Now we frequently use this in a question response. For example,
1897
11256830
7290
็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚ปใƒซใƒžใซ้ ผใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไปŠใงใฏใ€ ่ณชๅ•ใธใฎๅฟœ็ญ”ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
187:44
can I count on you? Can I count on you to close the deal?
1898
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6300
ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’้ ผใ‚Šใซใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅ–ๅผ•ใ‚’ๆˆ็ซ‹ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
187:50
And then you can reply back and say absolutely you can count on me #5 to come between now.
1899
11270420
4180
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ฟ”ไฟกใ—ใฆใ€ ไปŠใฎใ†ใกใซ็ง 5 ็•ชใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ตถๅฏพใซๆœŸๅพ…ใงใใ‚‹ใจไผใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
187:54
This is when something disturbs a relationship, and that relationship can be a professional
1900
11274600
5679
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใฏไป•ไบ‹ไธŠใฎ
188:00
relationship, a social relationship, romantic family relationship. It can be any kind of
1901
11280279
8071
้–ขไฟ‚ใ€็คพไบค็š„ใช้–ขไฟ‚ใ€ใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใช ๅฎถๆ—้–ขไฟ‚ใชใฉใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ‚“ใช้–ขไฟ‚ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
188:08
relationship. For example, Jacob and Marcus were best friends.
1902
11288350
3600
ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ณใƒ–ใจใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใ‚นใฏ ่ฆชๅ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
188:11
Until Sylvie came between them. So that's the image you could have. They were close,
1903
11291950
8300
ใ‚ทใƒซใƒดใ‚ฃใŒไบŒไบบใฎ้–“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใพใงใฏใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŠฑใใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใงใ™ใ€‚
188:20
Jacob and Marcus, but then Sylvie came between them and now they're divided. Sylvie disturbed
1904
11300250
5060
ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ณใƒ–ใจใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใ‚นใฏไปฒใŒ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ‚ทใƒซใƒดใ‚ฃใŒไบŒไบบใฎ้–“ใซๅ‰ฒใฃใฆๅ…ฅใ‚Š ใ€ไปŠใงใฏไบŒไบบใฎไปฒใฏๅˆ†่ฃ‚ใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ทใƒซใƒดใ‚ฃใฏ
188:25
their relationship. Now it's very common for a girl or a guy to come between.
1905
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7310
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’้‚ช้ญ”ใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠใงใฏใ€ ๅฅณใฎๅญใ‹็”ทๆ€งใŒ้–“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
188:32
A relationship. But it doesn't have to be a person. It could be that Jacob and Marcus
1906
11312620
3940
้–ขไฟ‚ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใ‚ณใƒ–ใจใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใ‚นใฏ
188:36
were very close, but the promotion came between them, the new job came between them, their
1907
11316560
5910
ใจใฆใ‚‚ไปฒใŒ่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใŒใ€ๆ˜‡้€ฒใ€ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ€
188:42
family came between them, their politics came between them, their religion came between
1908
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4380
ๅฎถๆ—ใ€ๆ”ฟๆฒปใ€ ๅฎ—ๆ•™ใชใฉใŒไบŒไบบใฎ้–“ใซใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„
188:46
them. It could be anything.
1909
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1680
ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
188:48
Came between them. Money is a good one as well that comes between people in relationships.
1910
11328530
5289
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้–“ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใŸใ€‚ ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚‚ ไบบ้–“้–ขไฟ‚ใฎไธญใง็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹่‰ฏใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
188:53
And remember you can use this in any type of relationship. Number six to put up with
1911
11333819
5471
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ 6็•ช็›ฎใฏ
188:59
something or someone. And notice this is A to preposition phrasal verb put up with, put
1912
11339290
6739
ไฝ•ใ‹ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉž put up withใ€pup
189:06
up with. And we use this to say that you tolerate.
1913
11346029
4631
up with ใฎ A ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆˆ‘ๆ…ข
189:10
Bad behavior or unwanted behavior to put up with. For example, I don't know how you put
1914
11350660
7930
ใ™ในใๆ‚ชใ„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚„ๆœ›ใพใ—ใใชใ„่กŒๅ‹• ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธŠๅธใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
189:18
up with your boss. I don't know how you tolerate your boss. Now of course, we can be more specific
1915
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16149
ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธŠๅธใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่€ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใ€
189:34
and specify the action that the boss does. I don't know how you put up with your boss's
1916
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14700
ไธŠๅธใŒ่กŒใ†ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธŠๅธใฎ็ตถใˆ้–“ใชใ„ๆ‰นๅˆคใซใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ่€ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
189:49
constant criticism.
1917
11389439
1941
ใ€‚
189:51
For example, or your boss's distasteful jokes, for example. I don't know how you tolerate
1918
11391380
14570
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไธŠๅธใฎไธๆ„‰ๅฟซใชใ‚ธใƒงใƒผใ‚ฏใชใฉใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ่€ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
190:05
it. Now. We commonly use this to say I'm not going to put up with and then the behavior.
1919
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15670
ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€ๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ #7
190:21
I'm not going to put up with your constant criticism any longer #7 to bounce back.
1920
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็ซ‹ใก็›ดใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตถใˆ้–“ใชใ„ ๆ‰นๅˆคใซใ“ใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠๆˆ‘ๆ…ขใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
190:31
Now to bounce back, this is when you recover or recuperate. Now you can use this when you
1921
11431710
11359
ใ•ใฆใ€็ซ‹ใก็›ดใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๅ›žๅพฉ ใพใŸใฏๅ›žๅพฉใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๅฃฒไธŠไธๆŒฏใฎๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใ‚„่ฃฝๅ“ใฎ็™บๅฃฒไธๆŒฏใชใฉใ€
190:43
recover from a negative situation in a business context, like for example a bad sales quarter
1922
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11631
ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นไธŠใฎใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฎ็Šถๆณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ›žๅพฉใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
190:54
or a bad product launch for example. But it can also be when you recover or recuperate
1923
11454700
16360
ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€็—…ๆฐ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅ›žๅพฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šๅ›žๅพฉใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹
191:11
from an illness, so you can use it in both those.
1924
11471060
7150
ใŸใ‚ใ€ไธกๆ–นใฎๅ ดๅˆใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
191:18
Situations, for example, in a workplace situation, you could say, I don't know how we'll bounce
1925
11478210
11359
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ทๅ ดใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€็ฌฌ 2 ๅ››ๅŠๆœŸใฎๆๅคฑใ‹ใ‚‰ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ›žๅพฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„
191:29
back from our loss in Q2, so I don't know how we'll recover. And then you could have
1926
11489569
12991
ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅ›žๅพฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
191:42
a discussion how can we bounce back. Does anyone have any ideas on how we can bounce
1927
11502560
10620
ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ็ซ‹ใก็›ดใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ็ซ‹ใก็›ดใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
191:53
back?
1928
11513180
1000
?
191:54
Now, in terms of recovering or recuperating from an illness, you could say it took me
1929
11514180
6270
ใ•ใฆใ€็—…ๆฐ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๅ›žๅพฉใพใŸใฏๅ›žๅพฉใจใ„ใ†็‚นใงใฏ ใ€ๆ‰‹่ก“ๅพŒ็ซ‹ใก็›ดใ‚‹ใฎใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
192:00
a while to bounce back after my surgery, so it took me a while to recover recuperate #8
1930
11520450
6910
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅ›žๅพฉ่€… #8 ใŒๅ›žๅพฉใ—ใฆ
192:07
to act up. This means to behave badly or strangely.
1931
11527360
7400
่กŒๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่กŒๅ„€ใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใซๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
192:14
This is very commonly used with parents describing the actions of their young children or even
1932
11534760
7590
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ฆชใŒๅนผใ„ๅญไพ›ใ‚„ๅนด้•ทใฎๅญไพ›ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
192:22
their older children. My son keeps acting up, behaving badly, but we can also use this
1933
11542350
6009
ใ€‚ ๆฏๅญใฏๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‚’ๆ‚ชใใ—็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
192:28
with devices and objects. For example, my computer keeps acting up.
1934
11548359
4341
ใƒ‡ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚„็‰ฉใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใฏ่ชฟๅญใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚Š็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
192:32
Behaving strangely. My computer keeps acting up. I hope it doesn't break #9 to make it
1935
11552700
6430
ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ่ชฟๅญใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚Š็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ#9ใ‚’ๅฃŠใ•ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
192:39
up to someone. This is quite a long one, so pay attention to this sentence structure to
1936
11559130
10519
ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้•ทใ„ใฎใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
192:49
make it up to someone. Now we use this when you try to compensate for a wrongdoing.
1937
11569649
7081
ใ€‚ ไปŠใงใฏใ€ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
192:56
For example, let's say it's your best friend's birthday and you can't go for whatever reason.
1938
11576730
6800
ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ฆชๅ‹ใฎ ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใง่กŒใ‘ใชใใชใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
193:03
So this is the wrongdoing not going to your best friend's birthday party. Now if you want
1939
11583530
8090
ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ฆชๅ‹ใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€้–“้•ใฃใŸ่กŒ็‚บใชใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
193:11
to compensate for that wrongdoing, you could say I'm so sorry I can't make your birthday
1940
11591620
5480
ใใฎไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใงใใชใใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
193:17
party. I promise I'll make it up to you. I'll make it up to you by.
1941
11597100
5800
ใ€‚ ๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ็ด„ๆŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใงใซๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
193:22
Taking you out for a nice dinner. I'll make it up to you by going to the movies with you.
1942
11602900
9390
็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒŠใƒผใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ไธ€็ท’ใซๆ˜ ็”ปใซ่กŒใฃใฆๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
193:32
I'll make it up to you by buying you a really nice present. So those are the ways you're
1943
11612290
8350
ใจใฆใ‚‚ ็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใŠ่ฟ”ใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใง
193:40
going to compensate. Now you might be wondering what is this it the make it up to someone.
1944
11620640
11160
่ฃœๅ„Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใจใฏไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹็–‘ๅ•ใซๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†
193:51
We use it with it because.
1945
11631800
3510
็†็”ฑใงไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
193:55
What you're trying to compensate for has already been explained, so you don't have to say it
1946
11635310
6190
ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‚’่ฃœใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใฏใ™ใงใซ ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ†ๅบฆ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
194:01
again. Now you can use this in a business context. Let's say you went over budget on
1947
11641500
5500
ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงไบˆ็ฎ—ใ‚’่ถ…้Žใ—ใŸใจใ—ใฆใ€
194:07
a client's project and you might say to your team, how are we going to make it up to the
1948
11647000
5350
ใƒใƒผใƒ ใซใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใซไบˆ็ฎ—ใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹
194:12
client?
1949
11652350
1000
?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
194:13
How are we going to compensate for our wrongdoing? The wrongdoing is you went over budget and
1950
11653350
4679
็งใŸใกใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใฎไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅ„Ÿใ†ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ไบˆ็ฎ—ใ‚’่ถ…้Žใ—ใŸ
194:18
then maybe someone would suggest we can make it up to them by offering a discount or offering
1951
11658029
8031
ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ ๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
194:26
a free product offering an extra service. So those are how you're going to compensate
1952
11666060
5750
่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใ‚ตใƒผใƒ“ใ‚นใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹็„กๆ–™ใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆ่ฃœใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆๆกˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€
194:31
for the wrongdoing, to make it up to someone #10 to barge in.
1953
11671810
3560
ไธๆญฃ่กŒ็‚บใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ 10็•ชใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅ‰ฒใ‚Š่พผใ‚“ใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŸ‹ใ‚ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
194:35
When you barge in, you enter a place a location unexpectedly, and you interrupt whatever's
1954
11675370
7600
ๅ‰ฒใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใจใใฏใ€ ไบˆๆœŸใ›ใšใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซไพตๅ…ฅใ—ใ€่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ไธญๆ–ญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
194:42
taking place. For example, I was in my office working and this kid just barged in and handed
1955
11682970
9922
ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใŒใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใง ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎๅญใŒ็ช็„ถๅ…ฅใฃใฆใใฆ
194:52
me his CV, but later I hired him.
1956
11692892
1000
็งใซๅฑฅๆญดๆ›ธใ‚’ๆธกใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅพŒใง็งใŒๅฝผใ‚’้›‡็”จใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
194:53
So by saying the kid barged in, it implies that he didn't have an appointment. He wasn't
1957
11693892
3678
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅญไพ›ใŒๆŠผใ—ๅ…ฅใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅฝผใŒ็ด„ๆŸใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆš—็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆœŸๅพ…ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
194:57
expected. He just barged in unexpectedly and he interrupted whatever I was working on.
1958
11697570
6230
ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ็ช็„ถไนฑๅ…ฅใ—ใ€ ็งใŒๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸไฝœๆฅญใ‚’ไธญๆ–ญใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
195:03
But in this case it was successful because he got the job.
1959
11703800
5519
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅฝผใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸใฎใงๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
195:09
Now that you understand these phrasal verbs a lot better, let's do that exact same quiz
1960
11709319
4521
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็†่งฃใŒ ๆทฑใพใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
195:13
from the very beginning. Again, here are the questions for the quiz. You need to complete
1961
11713840
8800
ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ใ”็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
195:22
each sentence using the correct phrasal verb. So go ahead and hit pause now and complete
1962
11722640
5230
ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆๅ„ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅฎŒๆˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠใ™ใไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
195:27
the quiz. Here are the correct answers. Go ahead and hit pause and see how well you did.
1963
11727870
6600
ใ€‚ ๆญฃ่งฃใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ†ใพใใงใใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
195:34
Question one, you've been arguing for months, you need to, you need to make up. Question
1964
11734470
2150
่ณชๅ• 1ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใƒถๆœˆใ‚‚ๅฃ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ไปฒ็›ดใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•
195:36
two, I said we need to diversify our product line and I and I stand by that.
1965
11736620
5560
2ใ€็งใฏ่ฃฝๅ“ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๅคšๆง˜ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ็งใ‚‚็งใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
195:42
Question three, I always have a cup of tea at night to help me after a busy day to help
1966
11742180
10131
่ณชๅ• 3ใ€ ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎๅพŒใซ
195:52
me wind down. Question four, my girlfriend is studying abroad and I'm really and I'm
1967
11752311
7649
ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅคœใซใŠ่Œถใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 4ใ€็งใฎใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใฏ ๆตทๅค–็•™ๅญฆไธญใงใ€็งใฏ
195:59
really aching for her.
1968
11759960
1670
ๅฝผๅฅณใฎใ“ใจใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟƒ้…ใงใ™ใ€‚
196:01
Question 5. Your suit doesn't look comfortable. Why don't you something more comfortable?
1969
11761630
5439
่ณชๅ• 5. ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚นใƒผใƒ„ใฏ็€ๅฟƒๅœฐใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅฟซ้ฉใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
196:07
Why don't you slip into question six? It's getting late, so I'm going to. I'm going to
1970
11767069
6691
่ณชๅ• 6 ใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹? ้…ใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚
196:13
turn in question 7. Salma took this job to.
1971
11773760
6450
่ณชๅ• 7 ใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ตใƒซใƒžใŒใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅผ•ใๅ—ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
196:20
Her accounting experience to beef up Question 8. Have you Who's going to give the presentation?
1972
11780210
7239
ๅฝผๅฅณใฎไผš่จˆ็ตŒ้จ“ใŒใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅผทๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 8. ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹?
196:27
Have you nailed down Question 9? Sometimes it's easier to a trained professional to open
1973
11787449
4171
่ณชๅ•9ใฏ่งฃใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‹? ่จ“็ทดใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฎๆ–นใŒๅฟƒใ‚’้–‹ใใ‚„ใ™ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
196:31
up to.
1974
11791620
1000
ใ€‚
196:32
Question 10 The party was fun, but I when they started talking.
1975
11792620
4040
่ณชๅ• 10 ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใจใใ€็งใฏใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
196:36
About politics. But I zoned out. So how did you find that quiz? Was it easy? Was it difficult?
1976
11796660
4699
ๆ”ฟๆฒปใซใคใ„ใฆใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏใ‚พใƒผใƒณใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ้›ฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
196:41
Don't worry, because I'm going to explain every phrasal verb in detail, and it will
1977
11801359
2011
ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
196:43
definitely be easy by the end of the lesson. So let's do that now. Ache for to Ache for.
1978
11803370
7590
ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใงใซๅฟ…ใš็ฐกๅ˜ใซใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠใ™ใใใ†ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็—›ใใฆ็—›ใใฆใ€‚
196:50
This is a very.
1979
11810960
1730
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
196:52
Nice romantic phrasal verb.
1980
11812690
1720
็ด ๆ•ตใชใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€‚
196:54
Now we really.
1981
11814410
1300
ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€‚
196:55
Use this in the context of a romantic relationship, so make.
1982
11815710
3980
ๆ‹ๆ„›้–ขไฟ‚ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟใ†ใฎใงใ€ ใœใฒไฝœใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
196:59
Sure you.
1983
11819690
1000
ๅฟ…ใšใ€‚
197:00
Use.
1984
11820690
1000
ไฝฟ็”จใ€‚
197:01
That appropriately.
1985
11821690
1000
ใใ‚Œใฏ้ฉๅฝ“ใซใ€‚
197:02
And to ache for something or someone is when you really.
1986
11822690
1000
ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚„่ชฐใ‹ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ็—›ใฟใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
197:03
Really want that something or someone. For example, he was lonely and aching for.
1987
11823690
4150
ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผใฏๅญค็‹ฌใงๅฟƒใŒ็—›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
197:07
Love. So this is perhaps a little more of a poetic phrasal verb. You will probably hear
1988
11827840
6019
ๆ„›ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ— ่ฉฉ็š„ใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
197:13
it in novels, stories, movies, TV. He was aching for love, so maybe you won't use that
1989
11833859
6911
ๅฐ่ชฌใ€็‰ฉ่ชžใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใชใฉใง่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ ๆ„›ใซ้ฃขใˆใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใจใ—ใฆใฏไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
197:20
in your vocabulary, but you'll likely hear it.
1990
11840770
4140
่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
197:24
In romance movies or romance novels.
1991
11844910
3100
ๆ‹ๆ„›ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„ๆ‹ๆ„›ๅฐ่ชฌใงใ€‚
197:28
Now you may be more likely to use ache for someone. Let's say your husband is overseas
1992
11848010
8050
ไปŠใงใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ ache ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคซใŒๆตทๅค–
197:36
on a business trip and he'll be gone.
1993
11856060
2120
ๅ‡บๅผตไธญใงใ€ไธๅœจใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
197:38
For two or three weeks.
1994
11858180
2340
2้€ฑ้–“ใ‹3้€ฑ้–“ใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹ไบบใ‚„ๅฎถๆ—ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใฏ
197:40
You might say I'm aching for my husband, so if you're talking to your friends or family.
1995
11860520
7750
ๅคซใฎใ“ใจใงๅฟƒใ‚’็—›ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
197:48
Even your colleagues.
1996
11868270
1929
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŒๅƒšใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
197:50
You could say, oh, I'm really aching for my husband. He's been gone for two weeks already
1997
11870199
8051
ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็งใฏๅคซใฎใ“ใจใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใคใ‚‰ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใ™ใงใซ2้€ฑ้–“ใ‚‚้›ขใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
197:58
#2 to beef up. This is a.
1998
11878250
3410
ๅผทๅŒ–ใฎ็ฌฌ2ไฝใจใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€‚
198:01
Fun one, when you beef something up, you make it stronger or more important. Now we do use
1999
11881660
7789
้ข็™ฝใ„ใ“ใจใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅผทๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅผทๅŠ›ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใงใฏ
198:09
this in the context of bodybuilders and they can beef themselves up become.
2000
11889449
5161
ใƒœใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒซใƒ€ใƒผใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ๅผทๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
198:14
More muscular, so you can use that in a fitness context, but we also use this in more of a
2001
11894610
11131
ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ญ‹่‚‰่ณชใชใฎใงใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใƒˆใƒใ‚นใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใซใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
198:25
business context, perhaps surprisingly, because you might say I need to.
2002
11905741
4419
ใ€‚
198:30
Beef.
2003
11910160
1000
็‰›่‚‰ใ€‚
198:31
Up my resume. I need to make my resume stronger, or, more important, I need to beef up my communication.
2004
11911160
10480
็งใฎๅฑฅๆญดๆ›ธใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฑฅๆญดๆ›ธใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ……ๅฎŸใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใซใ€ใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅผทๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
198:41
Skills.
2005
11921640
1000
ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒซใ€‚
198:42
For example #3 to make up.
2006
11922640
1000
ใŸใจใˆใฐ #3 ใ‚’่ฃœใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
198:43
And in this context, we're talking about to make up with someone, with someone. To make
2007
11923640
3799
ใใ—ใฆใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใจใ€่ชฐใ‹ใจไปฒ็›ดใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
198:47
up with someone is when you forgive someone after an argument or a dispute in a family
2008
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่ชฐใ‹ใจไปฒ็›ดใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏใ€่‹ฅใ„ใจใใ€ ๅฎถๆ—ๅ†…ใงใฎๅฃ่ซ–ใ‚„ไบ‰ใ„ใฎๅพŒใซ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่จฑใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™
198:53
context, young.
2009
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ใ€‚
198:54
Kids argue a lot, right?
2010
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2181
ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใ‚ˆใๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
198:57
And.
2011
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ใจใ€‚
198:58
Older kids, too.
2012
11938080
1000
ๅนด้•ทใฎๅญไพ›ใŸใกใ‚‚ใ€‚
198:59
But you might say to your son, your daughter.
2013
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฏๅญใ‚„ๅจ˜ใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
199:05
You need to make up with your.
2014
11945979
3840
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฃœใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
199:09
Sister, you need to make up with your brother. You need to.
2015
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ใŠๅง‰ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใŠๅ…„ใ•ใ‚“ใจไปฒ็›ดใ‚Šใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใจ
199:21
Make up with.
2016
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1370
ไปฒ็›ดใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
199:22
Your cousin or a friend and you?
2017
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ„ใจใ“ใจใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅ‹ไบบใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏ๏ผŸ
199:26
List.
2018
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ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚
199:27
A specific person, which means you need to forgive that person, stop being angry at that
2019
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6460
็‰นๅฎšใฎไบบใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใใฎไบบใ‚’่จฑใ—ใ€ใใฎไบบใซๆ€’ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚
199:33
person, stop fighting with that person.
2020
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ใ€ใใฎไบบใจไบ‰ใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
199:35
So we definitely use this in a social context of family context. But you can absolutely
2021
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23230
ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎถๆ—ใจใ„ใ†็คพไผš็š„ใชๆ–‡่„ˆใง้–“้•ใ„ใชใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
199:59
use this in a professional context. Co workers fight as well. There are disagreements and
2022
11999200
8510
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใชๆ–‡่„ˆใง้–“้•ใ„ใชใไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒๅƒš ใ‚‚้—˜ใ†ใ€‚ ๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ็›ธ้•ใ‚„
200:07
companies. So you might say to 1 coworker Sally you need to make up with Mark. You work
2023
12007710
5330
ไผš็คพใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ๅŒๅƒšใฎ ใ‚ตใƒชใƒผใซใ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใจไปฒ็›ดใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅŒใ˜ใƒใƒผใƒ ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™
200:13
on the same team you.
2024
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ใ€‚
200:14
Have to get.
2025
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ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
200:15
Along you need to make up with.
2026
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ไธ€็ท’ใซ่ฃœใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
200:16
Each other #4 To nail down this is when you understand the exact details of something
2027
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ใŠไบ’ใ„ #4 ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ˜Ž็ขบใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซ็†่งฃใ—ใŸใจใใ€
200:25
or you get a firm decision on something. So let's say you're planning a conference and
2028
12025140
5589
ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใจใ—ใŸๆฑบๅฎšใ‚’ไธ‹ใ—ใŸใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ•ใ‚กใƒฌใƒณใ‚นใ‚’่จˆ็”ปใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใฎ
200:30
you have a general idea of the conference. It will take place in summer. It will be on
2029
12030729
10000
ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ•ใ‚กใƒฌใƒณใ‚นใฎๆฆ‚่ฆใ‚’ๆŠŠๆกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคใซ้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
200:40
this general topic or theme.
2030
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2821
ใ“ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใพใŸใฏใƒ†ใƒผใƒžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
200:43
But when are the exact dates? What specific topics? Who specifically will be the keynote
2031
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆญฃ็ขบใชๆ—ฅไป˜ใฏใ„ใคใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ ? ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏ่ชฐใŒๅŸบ่ชฟ่ฌ›ๆผ”่€…ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
200:48
speaker? Who specifically will be presenting? Who will you hire to cater the conference?
2032
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๏ผŸ ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏ่ชฐใŒใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ•ใ‚กใƒฌใƒณใ‚นใซๅฏพๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ชฐใ‚’้›‡ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
200:53
You need to nail down those details, so you need to either understand the exact details
2033
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ๆญฃ็ขบใซๆŠŠๆกใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ๆญฃ็ขบใช่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ไผš่ญฐใฎๆญฃ็ขบใชๆ™‚้–“ใซ
201:00
or you need to make a firm decision on who's going to cater when the conference will exactly.
2034
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่ชฐใŒๅฏพๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใจๆฑบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
201:10
Take place, so that's a very useful phrasal verb.
2035
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3920
take place ใฏ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใชๅฅ ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
201:14
And you can use it in a business context or a social context #5 to open up when you open
2036
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5340
ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ ็คพไผš็š„ใชๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใฎ5ใ€
201:19
up to someone.
2037
12079489
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่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฟƒใ‚’้–‹ใใจใใซไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
201:20
You talk very freely about your feelings or your emotions, things that make you quite
2038
12080570
7120
ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚„ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ใจใฆใ‚‚
201:27
vulnerable, things you probably don't share with everybody. For example, after years,
2039
12087690
5690
ๅ‚ทใคใใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ่ชฐใซใ‚‚ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ€้žๅธธใซ่‡ช็”ฑใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚็ตŒใฃใฆใ€
201:33
she finally opened up about his death. So for many years there was this tragic death,
2040
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7950
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใคใ„ใซๅฝผใฎๆญปใซใคใ„ใฆๆ‰“ใกๆ˜Žใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ใฎ้–“ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ‚ฒๅŠ‡็š„ใชๆญปใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใซ
201:41
perhaps, and she didn't really talk about it. She didn't talk about her feelings.
2041
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4590
ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ฉฑใ•ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
201:45
About the death.
2042
12105920
1000
ๆญปใซใคใ„ใฆใ€‚
201:46
But then, after year, she opened up. She started talking freely about how she felt, the circumstances,
2043
12106920
7559
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€1ๅนดๅพŒใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฟƒใ‚’้–‹ใ„ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ€็Šถๆณใ€ใใ‚Œใซใฉใ†ๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใชใฉใซใคใ„ใฆใ€่‡ช็”ฑใซ่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸ
201:54
how she's dealing with it, those types of things. Her inner feelings and emotions. Now
2044
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ†…ใชใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใจๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€
202:01
notice I didn't use to someone. I could say she opened up.
2045
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4260
็งใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฟƒใ‚’้–‹ใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
202:05
To.
2046
12125470
1000
ใซใ€‚
202:06
Her family.
2047
12126470
1000
ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅฎถๆ—ใ€‚
202:07
About his.
2048
12127470
1000
ๅฝผใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ€‚
202:08
Death. So you have about and then the specific topic.
2049
12128470
1889
ๆญปใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
202:10
And two, and the specific people you'll commonly hear people say, I've never opened up to anybody.
2050
12130359
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ใใ—ใฆ 2 ใค็›ฎใ€ใใ—ใฆ็‰นๅฎšใฎไบบใ€…ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใ ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏ่ชฐใซใ‚‚ๅฟƒใ‚’้–‹ใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
202:16
Like.
2051
12136600
1000
ๅฅฝใใ€‚
202:17
This before if someone says that to you, they're basically saying they feel very comfortable
2052
12137600
5520
ใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎไบบใฏ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฟซ้ฉใ ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
202:23
around you. They feel like they can share their inner thoughts, feelings, emotions,
2053
12143120
5290
ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ๅ†…ใชใ‚‹่€ƒใˆใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
202:28
and that's a very positive thing it shows you have.
2054
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2860
ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ™้žๅธธใซใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
202:31
A very close.
2055
12151270
1240
้žๅธธใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใ€‚
202:32
Relationship number six to slip into something.
2056
12152510
3469
ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆป‘ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€้–ขไฟ‚ใใฎ6ใ€‚
202:35
Now this is when you quickly put on a piece of clothing, so.
2057
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5622
ใ•ใ‚ใ€ใ•ใฃใจๆœใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ ใ€‚
202:41
This is a very specific phrasal verb. It's only used.
2058
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2888
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
202:44
With clothing now, for example, this shirt is.
2059
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐไปŠใฎๆด‹ๆœใงใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใŒ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
202:47
Quite pretty, isn't it? But.
2060
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€‚
202:48
Let's be honest, it's not the most comfortable shirt. So after I'm done recording this video,
2061
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฟซ้ฉใชใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎ้Œฒ็”ปใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€
202:54
I'm going to slip into a tshirt I'm going to put on.
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Tใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€‚
202:58
A tshirt.
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Tใ‚ทใƒฃใƒ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐ
202:59
Or if it's.
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ใ€‚
203:00
First thing in the morning and you're in.
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ๆœไธ€็•ชใง้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใจใ€
203:04
Your housecoat, but then you hear your doorbell.
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้ƒจๅฑ‹็€ใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใƒ™ใƒซใฎ้ŸณใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
203:07
You might quickly slip into some sweatpants and answer.
2067
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ใ™ใใซใ‚นใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ„ใ‚’ๅฑฅใ„ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
203:12
The door.
2068
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ใƒ‰ใ‚ขใ€‚
203:13
So it's simply another way to say put on #7 to stand by something. When you stand by something
2069
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅพ…ๆฉŸใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ 7 ็•ชใ‚’็€ใชใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใใฐใซ็ซ‹ใคใจใใฏ
203:20
it's used to.
2070
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ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
203:22
Show that you still support or believe.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใพใ ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
203:25
Something, so I might say we still?
2072
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏใพใ ใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
203:28
Stand by our opinion that interest rates need to increase. So that's my opinion. That's
2073
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้‡‘ๅˆฉใฏไธŠๆ˜‡ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็งใŸใกใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
203:35
my belief. Interest rates need to increase. I stand by that. I still support that. I still
2074
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็งใฎไฟกๅฟตใงใ™ใ€‚ ้‡‘ๅˆฉใฏไธŠๆ˜‡ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไปŠใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไปŠใงใ‚‚
203:43
believe that.
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ใใ†ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
203:44
So you'll hear this a lot from people in power, politicians, executives in business. They'll
2076
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆจฉๅŠ›่€…ใ€ ๆ”ฟๆฒปๅฎถใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎๅนน้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่žใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
203:48
have an opinion, have a belief, and then they'll state, I stand by that to let you know they
2077
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ๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใกใ€ไฟกๅฟตใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
203:59
still believe that specific opinion.
2078
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ใใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ใพใ ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใพใ™ใ€‚
204:01
Do you stand by that? And if so, why? I stand by that? Yes, I stand by that. And the reason
2079
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใชใœใงใ™ใ‹? ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใฏใ„ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็†็”ฑใฏ
204:09
simply is.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™ใ€‚
204:10
Now we also.
2081
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใ‚‚ใ€‚
204:11
Use this.
2082
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€‚
204:12
With stand by someone, When you stand by someone, it means that.
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่ชฐใ‹ใฎใใฐใซ็ซ‹ใคใจใฏใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎใใฐใซ็ซ‹ใคใจใใ€ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
204:15
You.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ€‚
204:16
Support someone, usually when something negative has happened.
2085
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้€šๅธธใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใจใใซใ€่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
204:18
So let's say that your coworker was accused of.
2086
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŒๅƒšใŒๅ‘Š็™บใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
204:24
Stealing from the company. But you know your coworker didn't do it. You might say. I stand
2087
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ไผš็คพใ‹ใ‚‰็›—ใ‚€ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŒๅƒšใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎใใฐใซใ„ใพใ™
204:32
by her, I stand by her.
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ใ€็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎใใฐใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
204:36
Which means you're going to support.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฟœๆดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
204:40
Her in this difficult time.
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ใ“ใฎๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชๆ™‚ๆœŸใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฝผๅฅณใ€‚
204:43
#8 to wind down. To wind down. This is an excellent phrasal verb because it means to
2091
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#8 ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
204:56
relax after a busy or stressful day. So.
2092
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ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใ‚„ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใฎๅคšใ„ไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎๅพŒใซใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€‚
205:00
You might say I always read.
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไธ€
205:03
At the end of the day, to wind down, to help me wind down. I always read at the end of
2094
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ๆ—ฅใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€
205:19
the day or I go for a walk after work to wind down. So it just means to relax.
2095
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ไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅพŒใซใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆ•ฃๆญฉใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
205:32
That is another way of saying it, and it implies that you were very busy or stressed out to
2096
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้žๅธธใซๅฟ™ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ€
205:42
wind down #9 to zone out. This is when you stop paying attention for a short period of
2097
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9 ็•ชใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆ้›†ไธญๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็ŸญๆœŸ้–“ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใŸใจใใงใ™
205:57
time. Now we've all done this.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงๅ…จๅ“กใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
206:01
Especially when we were kids in school and your teachers talking and you just zone out.
2099
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็‰นใซ็งใŸใกใŒๅญไพ›ใฎ้ ƒใ€ๅญฆๆ กใง ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใŸใ ใƒœใƒผใฃใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใใ†ใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
206:12
Now, generally, people zone out because they don't have interest in a particular topic.
2100
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚พใƒผใƒณใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
206:22
For example, whenever people talk about sports, I zone out, I just stop listening and I start
2101
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€ ็งใฏ้›†ไธญใ—ใฆ่žใใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€
206:35
thinking about something else in my own head and I'm not listening to the conversation
2102
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ ญใฎไธญใงๅˆฅใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ ใ€ใใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
206:43
about.
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ใ€‚
206:44
Sports.
2104
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ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ€‚
206:45
I zone out. I stop paying attention, but then when the conversation changes, I'll pay attention
2105
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็งใฏใ‚พใƒผใƒณใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆณจๆ„ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ไผš่ฉฑใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๅ†ใณๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
206:49
again. So it's always for that short period of time.
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใฏๅธธใซใใฎ็Ÿญใ„ ๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
206:52
#10 to turn in. This is a very useful phrasal verb because it simply means to go to bed.
2107
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#10 to Turn in. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซๅฏใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใฎใงใ€้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใชๅฅ ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
207:00
It's another way of saying to go to bed, and it's very common. So of course you can say
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅฏใ‚‹ใ€ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ€ ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œ
207:05
I'm tired, I'm going to bed, but you can also say I'm tired, I'm going to turn in, I'm going
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็–ฒใ‚ŒใŸใ€ๅฏใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ ็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฏใพใ™ใ€
207:16
to turn in, and it's extremely commonly used, so I.
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ๅฏใพใ™ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ
207:20
Suggest you use it. You can use.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ๅˆฉ็”จใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
207:22
It as a suggestion, hey, it's getting late and you have that job interview tomorrow you
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆๆกˆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚‚ใ†้…ใใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ้ขๆŽฅใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง
207:30
should turn in. You should.
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ๆๅ‡บใ—ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
207:32
Go to bed.
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ๅฏใ‚‹ใ€‚
207:34
Or you can use it in question form as well. What time did you turn in what time?
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ใพใŸใฏใ€่ณชๅ•ๅฝขๅผใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซๆ›ฒใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
207:40
Did you go to bed?
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ๅฏใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
207:42
Now that you're more comfortable with these phrasal verbs, how about we do that exact
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซๆ…ฃใ‚ŒใฆใใŸใฎใง ใ€ใพใฃใŸใ
207:48
same quiz again and you can see how much.
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ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
207:51
You've improved SO.
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SOใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
207:52
Here are the questions, of course. Hit pause. Take as much time as you need, and when you're
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง่ณชๅ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
207:59
ready, hit play and I'll share the answers so you can go ahead and hit pause now.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ™ ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใ™ใไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
208:05
How'd you do on that?
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
208:07
Quiz. Well, let's find out. Here are the answers. Go ahead and hit pause.
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ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€่ชฟในใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
208:11
And figure out how you did. Question one. I used to play video games every day, but
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ใใ—ใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 1ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
208:19
eventually I grew out of it. Question two Do you know why? Sarah of the meeting earlier
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 2 ็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ตใƒฉใ•ใ‚“ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎไผš่ญฐใฎไบˆๅฎšใฏ
208:26
today?
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๏ผŸ
208:27
Walked out of the meeting. Question three Can you add mustard to the shopping list?
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ไผš่ญฐใ‹ใ‚‰็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 3 ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
208:33
I just. I just used it up. Question 4 You should your old books to your community store
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ใŸใ ใ€‚ ใŸใ ไฝฟใ„ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 4 ๅคใ„ๆœฌใ‚’ๅœฐๅŸŸใฎๅ•†ๅบ—ใซ
208:40
you should give away. Question 5, the bridge is.
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ๅฏ„ไป˜ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ•๏ผ•ใ€ๆฉ‹ ใงใ™ใ€‚
208:43
Because there was an accident, the bridges blocked off. Question six, my boss said we
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ไบ‹ๆ•…ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใงๆฉ‹ใŒ ้€š่กŒๆญขใ‚ใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•6ใ€็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏใ€
208:48
can with canceling the contract, we can. Go ahead. Question seven, my company using cell
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ๅฅ‘็ด„ใ‚’่งฃ้™คใ™ใ‚Œใฐใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใžใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 7ใ€็งใฎไผš็คพใงใฏๅ‹คๅ‹™ๆ™‚้–“ไธญใซๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
208:53
phones during work hours.
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ใ€‚
208:55
My company frowns on question eight. I'm sorry I at you during the meeting I overreacted
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็งใฎไผš็คพใฏ่ณชๅ• 8 ใง็œ‰ใ‚’ใฒใใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ไผš่ญฐไธญใซๆœ€ๅพŒใซ้Žๅ‰ฐๅๅฟœใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
209:01
last out Question 9. Can you help me this error sort out question 10. The presentation
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่ณชๅ• 9ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใ‚จใƒฉใƒผใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 10ใ€‚ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ
209:08
was really long so I for a bit.
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้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
209:12
So I wandered off. So how did you do with that quiz? Was it easy or was it difficult?
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ใใ‚Œใง็งใฏใ•ใพใ‚ˆใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹ ๏ผŸ ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ‹?
209:18
Well, now I'm going to explain every phrasal verb in detail. Number one, to block off.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎๅฅ ๅ‹•่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ 1ใค็›ฎใฏใ€ใƒ–ใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใฎ้€€ๅ‡บใ‚’
209:22
This is when you obstruct an exit to prevent people from leaving. This is a very common
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ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅ‡บๅฃใ‚’ๅกžใๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
209:27
phrasal verb because on your daily commute to.
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ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใฎ้€šๅ‹คใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ ใ€‚
209:28
Work. You may have to take a detour, which means take an alternative route because your
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ€‚
209:33
regular exit is blocked off. So let's say you get to work 15 minutes late. You can say
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้€šๅธธใฎๅ‡บๅฃใŒๅฐ้Ž–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ฟ‚ๅ›ž๏ผˆ่ฟ‚ๅ›ž๏ผ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ 15 ๅˆ†้…ใ‚Œใฆๅ‡บๅ‹คใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
209:41
sorry I'm late, Main Street was blocked off.
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้…ใใชใฃใฆใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใƒกใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒˆใŒๅฐ้Ž–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
209:44
Then most likely that street or exit is blocked off because of construction. Is also possible
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใใฎ้€šใ‚ŠใพใŸใฏๅ‡บๅฃใฏ ๅทฅไบ‹ใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅฐ้Ž–ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
209:51
that there was an accident, or perhaps there's something like a parade or a protest that's
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ไบ‹ๆ•…ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ 2 ็•ชๅ‡บๅฃใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆšดๅ‹•ใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ™ใฎใ‚’ๅฆจใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใƒ‘ใƒฌใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚„ๆŠ—่ญฐๆดปๅ‹•ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹โ€‹โ€‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
209:58
preventing people from using that exit #2 to lash out. When you lash out, it means you
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆšด่จ€ใ‚’ๅใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
210:05
react.
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ๅๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
210:06
Angrily, you react with very strong negative emotion. So this phrasal verb is negative,
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ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ€้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใงๅๅฟœใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
210:11
and it's used in a negative way. So you might say she lashed out when I suggested a different
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใŒๅˆฅใฎใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใ‚’ๆๆกˆใ—ใŸใจใใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฟ€ๆ€’ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
210:22
approach. So you shared an opinion and the person reacted very negatively. Very angrily,
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใฎใซใ€ใใฎ ไบบใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅๅฟœใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซๆ€’ใฃใฆใ€
210:27
they lashed out.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฟ€ใ—ใๆšด่จ€ใ‚’ๅใ„ใŸใ€‚
210:28
Now for this phrasal verb, it's very common to say at someone. She lashed out at me when
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆ่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ ใ€‚
210:37
I suggested a different approach. The at someone is optional. You don't need to do it, but
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็งใŒๅˆฅใฎใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใ‚’ๆๆกˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใ‚’ๆฟ€ใ—ใ้ž้›ฃใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ at somebody ใฏ ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…้ ˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
210:47
it can be very useful to specify who. So if you want to specify the person, then we use
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่ชฐใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใจ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ไบบใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ at ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
210:55
at.
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณ
210:56
Someone she lashed out at gym, she lashed out at us. It could be the entire group. She
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ใŒใ‚ธใƒ ใง่ชฐใ‹ใซๆšด่จ€ใ‚’ๅใ„ใŸใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ็งใŸใกใซใ‚‚ๆšด่จ€ใ‚’ๅใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
211:02
lashed out at the client and then you can explain the reason why she lashed out at the
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใซๆšด่จ€ใ‚’ๅใ„ใŸใŒใ€ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใŒ้…ใ‚ŒใŸใŸใ‚ใซๅฝผๅฅณใŒใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆ ใซๆšด่จ€ใ‚’ๅใ„ใŸ็†็”ฑใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใ‚‹
211:10
client because the payment was late #3 to walk out. When you walk out, it means you
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ใ€‚ ๆญฉใๅ‡บใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใฎ
211:16
leave a place.
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ๅ ดใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
211:18
Angrily. So we have another phrasal verb with angrily. You leave a place angrily. So let's
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ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€angryly ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅˆฅใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ€’ใฃใฆใใฎๅ ดใ‚’็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ
211:26
say you're meeting with your boss to discuss your performance. Now, maybe you were expecting
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่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใŸใ‚ใซไธŠๅธใจไผšใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
211:32
a 20% raise. A raise is a pay increase, a 20% pay increase. But your boss only offered
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20% ใฎๆ˜‡็ตฆใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆ˜‡็ตฆใจใฏๆ˜‡็ตฆใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ 20๏ผ…ใฎๆ˜‡็ตฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธŠๅธใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๆ็คบใ—ใŸใฎใฏใ‚ใšใ‹
211:40
you 2%.
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2% ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
211:41
You might say, after my boss offered Me 2%, I walked out. So you left the room, You left
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ไธŠๅธใŒ็งใซ2๏ผ…ใ‚’ๆ็คบใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€็งใฏ่พžใ‚ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๅ‡บใฆใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใ‚’ๅ‡บใฆ
211:49
the office, the meeting. But you didn't just leave, you left angrily, angrily. That's the
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ใ€ไผš่ญฐใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ  ็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใฃใŸใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ€ๆ€’ใฃใฆ็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
211:56
key here. So combining our last phrasal verb to lash out, to react angrily, we can say
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎ้ตใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œๆฟ€ใ—ใ ็ชใใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ€’ใฃใฆๅๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œ
212:03
after she lashed out at me, I walked out.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ็งใซๆšด่จ€ใ‚’ๅใ„ใŸๅพŒใ€็งใฏๅ‡บใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
212:06
#4 To sort out this means to resolve a problem. Now we can use this with a business professional
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#4 ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏใ€ๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฎๅ•้กŒใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
212:14
problem. For example, let's say your payment processor isn't working and you can't accept
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ตใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใฆใŠใ‚‰ใšใ€ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใจใ—ใพใ™
212:20
payments. You might say we need to sort this out ASAP. We need to resolve this problem.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใ่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
212:26
ASAP or.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๆ—ฉใใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€‚
212:27
Who can we call to sort this out? So you can absolutely use this in a rofessional business
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ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ่ชฐใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฐ‚้–€็š„ใชใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
212:32
context when there is a problem. We commonly use this with.
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ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎไบบใจ
212:38
Personal issues with relationship issues when you have a problem with another person. So
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ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชๅ•้กŒใจไบบ้–“้–ขไฟ‚ใฎๅ•้กŒ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
212:44
let's say you and your sister haven't spoken in months because of a disagreement. Maybe
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ใ‚ใชใŸใจใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฆนใŒ ๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ็›ธ้•ใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใƒถๆœˆใ‚‚ไผš่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
212:50
your sister lashed out at you and then you walked out of her birthday party and you haven't
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฆนใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๆšด่จ€ใ‚’ๅใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใ‚Šใ€
212:57
spoken since.
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ใใ‚Œไปฅๆฅไฝ•ใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
212:58
Well, someone might suggest some ways you can sort it out. You need to sort it out with
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใงใใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆๆกˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใŠๅง‰ใ•ใ‚“ใจไธ€็ท’ใซ่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
213:02
your sister. You need to resolve the problem, and in this case the problem is a personal
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚’่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ•้กŒใฏๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใช
213:08
problem. So this is a great phrasal verb to use for a business context and a personal
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ๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใช
213:12
context #5 to use up.
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ๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใ„ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
213:13
This is when you finish or consume 100% of something, so all of something. And that's
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŒไบ†ใพใŸใฏ 100% ๆถˆ่ฒปใ—ใŸใจใ ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๆถˆ่ฒปใ—ใŸใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
213:20
very important because I could say I used the olive oil, so I consumed the olive oil,
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้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–ใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–ใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ๆถˆ่ฒปใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
213:28
but when I just say use, it doesn't tell you how much. How much olive oil did I use? I
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ใŸใ ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ€ ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้‡ใฎใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–ใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
213:32
use the olive oil.
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ใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–ใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
213:34
But if I say I used up the olive oil, then you know I used 100% of the olive oil. So
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–ใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅˆ‡ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–ใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ 100% ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
213:43
there is none left for you or for someone else and you have to get more. So I could
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ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚ไป–ใฎไบบใซใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๆฎ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๅพ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
213:47
say I used all the olive oil.
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ใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–ใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ใ™ในใฆไฝฟใ„ๅˆ‡ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
213:50
When I say all the olive oil, all means 100%. So that is exactly the same as I used up the
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ๅ…จใฆใฎใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–ใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ…จใฆ100%ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŒ
214:03
olive oil number six to wander off. This is when you leave a place when you're not supposed
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6 ็•ชใฎใ‚ชใƒชใƒผใƒ–ใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆๆ”พๆตชใ—ใŸใฎใจใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใ‚‹ในใใงใชใ„ใจใใซใใฎๅ ดใ‚’้›ขใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Š
214:13
to, or you leave a place without telling other people.
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ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใซๅ‘Šใ’ใšใซใใฎๅ ดใ‚’้›ขใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
214:19
Now this is commonly used with children, so a mother might say, I have to watch my daughter
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ไปŠใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅญไพ›ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใชใฎใงใ€ ๆฏ่ฆชใฏใ€Œๅจ˜ใ‚’
214:28
like a hawk or she'll wander off. So little kids.
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้ทนใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ๅผตใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅจ˜ใฏๆญฉใๅŽปใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐใ•ใช ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใ€‚
214:32
They might not stay in a room, they might wander off and go into another room but of.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซ็•™ใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ใตใ‚‰ใตใ‚‰ ใจๅˆฅใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
214:37
Course that can.
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ€‚ ่ชฐ
214:38
Be dangerous if nobody is watching that child. So this is commonly used with young children,
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ใ‚‚ใใฎๅญใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅฑ้™บใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅนผๅ…ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
214:42
but we can also use it with adults. So let's say you're on a museum tour and you're in
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ใŒใ€ๅคงไบบใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็พŽ่ก“้คจใƒ„ใ‚ขใƒผใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
214:47
a foreign country on a museum tour. Now you're supposed to stay with the museum tour. You're.
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็พŽ่ก“้คจใƒ„ใ‚ขใƒผใงๅค–ๅ›ฝใซใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅš็‰ฉ้คจใƒ„ใ‚ขใƒผใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ ใญใ€‚
214:56
Not supposed to wander off and just go look at other areas of the museum, but you might
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ใ†ใ‚ใ†ใ‚ใ—ใฆ ๅš็‰ฉ้คจใฎไป–ใฎใ‚จใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
215:03
say the tour was boring, so I wandered off #7 to grow out of this is when you lose interest
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ใƒ„ใ‚ขใƒผใŒ้€€ๅฑˆใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๆˆ้•ทใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ๏ผƒ7ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ†ใ‚ใ†ใ‚ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใจใใงใ™
215:07
in something. So to lose interest you're no longer interested in something because.
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใชใใชใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
215:11
You're older or more mature. For example, a lot of young kids play video games for hours
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅนดไธŠใ‹ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆˆ็†Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅคšใใฎๅนผใ„ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ—ใพใ™
215:17
and hours and hours, but as an adult you might grow out of it. So you no longer do that.
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ใŒใ€ๅคงไบบใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ†ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏใ—ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆญณใ‚’ใจใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€
215:21
You no longer play video games for hours and hours and hours because you're older. You're
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ไฝ•ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
215:27
more mature #8 to go ahead.
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆˆ็†Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ #8ใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
215:29
This means to proceed. This is a very useful phrasal verb. We use it commonly to give someone
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œ็ถš่กŒใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใช ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹่จฑๅฏใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
215:33
permission to do something. So your coworker might ask you, is it OK if I send the e-mail
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ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅŒๅƒšใฏใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใซ ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
215:40
to the client and you can say sure, go ahead, go ahead.
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ใฉใ†ใžใ€ ใฉใ†ใžใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
215:45
Which means proceed, proceed with sending the e-mail, go ahead. Now you can just say
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ถš่กŒใ€ ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใฎ้€ไฟกใ‚’็ถš่กŒใ€็ถš่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œใฉใ†ใžใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
215:51
go ahead. Or you can specify what the action is. You can say go ahead and send the e-mail
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใง้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ไฟกใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
215:58
or go ahead with and we need a gerund go ahead with sending the e-mail.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚“ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ€Œ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใฎ้€ไฟกใ‚’ๅ…ˆใซ่กŒใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ ใ€‚
216:02
And send the e-mail with sending the e-mail. So pay attention to that sentence structure
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒกใƒผใƒซ้€ไฟกใจๅŒๆ™‚ใซใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ไฟกใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ–‡ๆง‹้€  #9 ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
216:08
#9. To give away this means to provide for free. So this is a great phrasal verb.
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ญฒใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏใ€็„กๆ–™ใงๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
216:11
For me, I could say I give away my best tips and advice on how to become fluent right here
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็งใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใงใฏใ€ๆตๆšขใซ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆœ€่‰ฏใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚„ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ๅ…ฌ้–‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
216:18
on this YouTube channel. Now let's say you have a lot of items from your kids, but your
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅญไพ›ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸ็‰ฉใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
216:23
kids are grown up now, but you have a lot of their clothes, their toys, even furniture
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ๅญไพ›ใฏใ‚‚ใ†ๆˆไบบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๆœใ‚„ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏ
216:27
for your kids. You might want to give that away so you can provide it.
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ๅญไพ›็”จใฎๅฎถๅ…ทใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆไพ›ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ญฒใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
216:32
To another parent or someone else for free. We gave away all our kids clothes when they
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ๅˆฅใฎ่ฆชใ‚„ไป–ใฎไบบใซ็„กๆ–™ใงใ€‚ ๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ— ใฎ้š›ใ€ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฎๆœใฏใ™ในใฆๆ‰‹ๆ”พใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
216:39
moved out. So when you want to get rid of something in your house, you can sell it or
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฎถใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใŸใ„ใจใใฏ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฃฒใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€
216:42
you can give it away, provide it for free and finally #10 to frown on this means to
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็„กๆ–™ใงๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ #10 ใฎ็œ‰ใ‚’ใฒใใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
216:47
disapprove of something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไธๆ‰ฟ่ชใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
216:48
So you might say my boss disapproves of casual clothes. So you can say my boss frowns on
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏ็งๆœใ‚’ๅฅฝใพใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใฎไธŠๅธใฏ็งๆœใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ็œ‰ใ‚’ใฒใใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
216:54
wearing casual clothes. Notice our sentence structure frowns on wearing. We need our gerron
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎๆ–‡ ๆง‹้€ ใŒ่บซใซ็€ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ็œ‰ใ‚’ใฒใใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒญใƒณๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™
216:59
verb. Now that you feel more comfortable with these phrasal verbs, how about we do the exact
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซๆ…ฃใ‚ŒใฆใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใพใฃใŸใ
217:04
same quiz again so you can see how much you've improved?
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ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚„ใฃใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ไธŠ้”ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
217:10
Here are the questions. Hit pause. Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready,
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่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€
217:16
hit play to see the answers. Here are the answers. Hit pause. Take as much time as you
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ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
217:26
need. Compare your answers and when you're ready, hit play. Question one. We should the
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ใ€‚ ็ญ”ใˆใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 1ใ€‚
217:40
party with some karaoke.
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ใ‚ซใƒฉใ‚ชใ‚ฑใงใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
217:44
We should kick off question two. You don't need to your team. I've heard great things
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่ณชๅ• 2 ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใซใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
218:05
about them. Talk up question three, make sure your team doesn't while the CEO is here. Horse
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ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 3 ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚CEO ใŒ ใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใฏใƒใƒผใƒ ใŒ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
218:19
around question four, it really.
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่ณชๅ•4ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
218:23
When Jeremy took credit for my work, ticked me off Question 5. He's been since he lost
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒฌใƒŸใƒผใŒ็งใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅŠŸ็ธพใ‚’่ชใ‚ใŸใจใใ€ ่ณชๅ• 5 ใง็งใซใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅฝผใฏๅฅ‘็ด„ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใฆไปฅๆฅ
218:35
the contract, moping around Question six. We're on a tight budget, but we have enough
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ใ€่ณชๅ• 6 ใซใคใ„ใฆใƒขใ‚ฐใƒขใ‚ฐใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไบˆ็ฎ—ใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚„ใ‚Šใใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏๅๅˆ†ใชไบˆ็ฎ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
218:44
to to get by.
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ใ€‚
218:46
Question 7. The expense reports have been, since Sarah left, piling up. Question eight
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่ณชๅ• 7. ใ‚ตใƒฉใŒๅŽปใฃใฆไปฅๆฅใ€็ตŒ่ฒปๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใŒๅฑฑ็ฉใฟใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ• 8
218:55
I've learned to my mother when she gives me relationship advice, tune out. Question nine.
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ๆฏใŒ็งใซไบบ้–“้–ขไฟ‚ใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใฎใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•9ใ€‚
219:07
She used to be very serious, but she's a bit.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปฅๅ‰ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็œŸ้ข็›ฎใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็œŸ้ข็›ฎใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
219:14
Loosened up question 10 my boss is going to when she learns we lost the account, flip
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่ณชๅ• 10 ใ‚’็ทฉใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ด›ๅคฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็ŸฅใฃใŸไธŠๅธใฏใ€
219:25
out. So how did you do with that quiz?
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ใฒใฃใใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
219:27
Don't worry if it was difficult, because now I'm going to explain every phrasal verb in
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้›ฃใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ™ในใฆใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™
219:34
detail. Let's get started. Number one, to tune out. This is a very useful phrasal verb
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ใ€‚ ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไธ€็•ชใฏใ€ ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅค–ใ™ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
219:48
because it's used to say you stop listening to someone, you stop paying attention to them
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ
219:53
because you don't like what they're saying, basically, So you tune someone out.
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่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใใซไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏใ€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’็„ก่ฆ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
220:00
This is something that kids do all the time with their parents, right? If your parent
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒ่ฆชใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ่ฆชใŒใ‚ใชใŸ
220:06
is giving you advice and you don't want to hear it, you just tune them out. So your parent
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ใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’็„ก่ฆ–ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ฆชใฏ
220:15
is talking but you're just not really listening. So you might say, I always tune out my mom
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่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่žใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๆฏ่ฆชใŒ็งใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚็„ก่ฆ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
220:22
when she gives me relationship.
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ใ€‚
220:24
Advice now this can also happen a lot in a.
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ a ใงใ‚‚้ ป็นใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
220:28
Workplace situation, let's say.
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่ทๅ ดใฎ็Šถๆณใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
220:30
The coworker that sits beside you is just a very negative person and complaints a lot.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้šฃใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅŒๅƒšใฏ ้žๅธธใซใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชไบบใงใ€ใ‚ˆใๆ–‡ๅฅใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
220:39
You might just simply tune them out so you.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ˜ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ชฟๆ•ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
220:43
Stop listening to them, because you don't.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
220:47
Want to hear all that negativity and complaining? So you just tune them out. They're talking,
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ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚„ๆ„š็—ดใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่žใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ชฟๆ•ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
220:56
but you're not listening #2 to tick off. This is a useful one because it means to annoy,
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ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ#2ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ„ใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚‰ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€
221:07
to anger, or to irritate.
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ๆ€’ใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใฎใงไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚
221:10
Now we use this in two very specific sentence structures. It ticks someone off. It ticks
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ 2 ใคใฎ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ไธๅฟซใซใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
221:17
me off when my coworker doesn't help. So it ticks someone off. And then you explain the
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ๅŒๅƒšใŒๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ไธๅฟซใซใ•ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็Šถๆณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใพใ™
221:26
situation. That causes the anger, the frustration, or the irritation.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
221:32
Now the other sentence structure is just to say someone or something Ticks me off. John
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ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใฏใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ Ticks me off ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏ
221:43
really ticks me off. He's so negative. John really irritates me, frustrates me, annoys
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็งใ‚’ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ•ใ›ใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ•ใ›ใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ•ใ›ใพใ™
221:49
me. John really ticks me off. He's so negative. But I just tune him out. Number three to talk
2261
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฏๅฝผใ‚’็„ก่ฆ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€
221:59
up and you talk someone or something up.
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่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚่ชฐใ‹ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
222:01
And that means you speak in a way that makes that someone or something sound really beneficial,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใใฎไบบใ‚„ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆœ‰็›Šใ€
222:07
really positive, really amazing, maybe even more so than the reality. So let's say you're
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ็พๅฎŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใใ†่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
222:12
in sales and you're trying to sell this piece of software to a company. Well, you're going
2265
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ๅ–ถๆฅญ่ทใงใ€ใ“ใฎ ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใ‚’ไผš็คพใซ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
222:19
to talk up that software. You're going to talk about that software in a way that really
2266
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ใใฎใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใฎใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใ‚ฆใ‚งใ‚ขใซใคใ„ใฆใ€
222:25
highlights all of its positive features.
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ใใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅผท่ชฟใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ฉฑใ™ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
222:27
And you probably won't mention any negative features. You're going to talk it up or let's
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒžใ‚คใƒŠใ‚นใฎ็‰นๅพดใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใ‹ใ€
222:33
say that.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ ใญ
222:34
You're.
2270
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ใ€‚
222:35
Really close friend applied for a job in your company? Well, you're probably going to talk
2271
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆชใ—ใ„ๅ‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎไผš็คพใซๅฟœๅ‹Ÿใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹ ? ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅ‹้”ใซ็›ธ่ซ‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
222:39
up your friend. You're going to speak about your friend very enthusiastically, very positively,
2272
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹ไบบใซใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๅ‹ไบบใซใคใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ็†ฑๅฟƒใซใ€้žๅธธใซๅ‰ๅ‘ใใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
222:43
because you want your friend to get the job. You're going to talk up your friend.
2273
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹้”ใจ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
222:51
#4 to pile up. This means simply to increase in amount, and we generally use this with
2274
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#4 ็ฉใฟไธŠใ’ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใซใ€Œ้‡ใŒๅข—ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง ใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™
222:58
work. So in general you could say work is really piling up. Work is increasing in amount.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฑฑ็ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป•ไบ‹ใฎ้‡ใฏๅข—ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
223:08
You can use this with specific work. So you might say my expense reports are piling up,
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็‰นๅฎšใฎไฝœๆฅญใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็ตŒ่ฒปๅ ฑๅ‘Šๆ›ธใŒๆบœใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€
223:21
or even with household chores you might say the laundry is piling up.
2277
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ๅฎถไบ‹ใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ‚‚ ๆด—ๆฟฏ็‰ฉใŒๆบœใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
223:26
The Dirty dishes are piling up. They're increasing in amount #5 to mob around, to mob around.
2278
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ๆฑšใ‚ŒใŸ้ฃŸๅ™จใŒๅฑฑ็ฉใฟใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็พค่ก†ใฎๆ•ฐ #5 ใŒๅข—ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
223:29
This is when someone moves from one location to another. But they do it in a very unhappy
2279
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‰ ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้žๅธธใซไธๅนธใชๅฝขใง่กŒใ„ใพใ™
223:37
way. A lazy way. A disappointed way.
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ใ€‚ ๆ€ ๆƒฐใชๆ–นๆณ•ใ€‚ ใŒใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใŸใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใ€‚
223:39
And it's generally because something is wrong. Something specific is wrong. So maybe they
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
223:44
just lost their job, or they just broke up with their girlfriend. So they move around
2282
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใ‹ใ€ ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใจๅˆฅใ‚ŒใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไธ€ๆ—ฅไธญๅฎถใฎไธญใ‚’ๅ‹•ใๅ›žใ‚Šใพใ™
223:53
the house all day. They go from the couch to the kitchen back to the couch.
2283
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ‚ญใƒƒใƒใƒณใซๆˆปใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฝใƒ•ใ‚กใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
224:00
But they look really upset and lazy and no energy, so this isn't really a positive thing.
2284
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใ€ๆ€ ใ‘่€…ใงใ€ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใŒใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชใ“ใจใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
224:06
We generally say stop moping around. You need to stop moping around and start looking for
2285
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็งใŸใกใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€Œๆšดใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚ใ†ใ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
224:12
a job. If that's the reason why you're moping around because you lost your job, stop moping
2286
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ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ ่ทใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใฆใ†ใ‚ใ†ใ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ†ใ‚ใ†ใ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใฆ
224:18
around and look for a job.
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
224:19
Number six, to loosen up. This is a great one. It means to be more relaxed, more comfortable
2288
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6็•ช็›ฎใฏใ€ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฟซ้ฉใชใ€
224:25
or less serious. So you might say she was very shy at first, but then she loosened up,
2289
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ใพใŸใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉ็œŸๅ‰ฃใงใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆœ€ๅˆใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅ†…ๆฐ—ใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใใฎๅพŒใฏ็ทŠๅผตใŒ่งฃใ‘ใฆใ€
224:32
so she became more relaxed, more comfortable.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฟซ้ฉใซใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
224:34
Now, we often use this as advice to someone. If someone is just being too serious, you
2291
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ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใธใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใจใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใŸใ ็œŸ้ข็›ฎใ™ใŽใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ
224:41
might say loosen up, loosen up. It's similar to saying relax a little, relax a little,
2292
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ๅŠ›ใ‚’็ทฉใ‚ใฆใ€ๅŠ›ใ‚’็ทฉใ‚ใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—
224:49
loosen up. You need to loosen up. Oh, just loosen up.
2293
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใจไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ทฉใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
224:53
#7 to kick off. This is a great one because when you kick something off it means you start,
2294
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#7ใงใ‚ญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
225:00
but we use this in the context of a sports event.
2295
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
225:05
A meeting, a conference or even a party. So some sort of event with people. So when sports
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ไผš่ญฐใ€ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ•ใ‚กใƒฌใƒณใ‚นใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ไบบใ€…ใจใฎไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใ€‚ ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใ€
225:10
is very common to say the game the match kicks off at and then you say the time the match
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่ฉฆๅˆใŒใ‚ญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใŒใ€่ฉฆๅˆใŒ
225:17
kicks off at 3, the game kicks off at 7 and that's just when the game starts.
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ใ‚ญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆปใ‚’ 3 ๆ™‚ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ€่ฉฆๅˆใฏ 7 ๆ™‚ใซใ‚ญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใ—ใ€ ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ่ฉฆๅˆใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
225:24
Now you could also say, let's kick off the meeting by and then you can explain how you're
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œใพใงใซไผš่ญฐใ‚’ใ‚ญใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ชใƒ•ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๅพŒใ€ไผš่ญฐใฎ้–‹ๅง‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใพใ™
225:34
going to start the meeting. Let's kick off the meeting by introducing the new CFO or
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ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ CFO ใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใฆไผš่ญฐใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’
225:43
let's kick off the meeting by sharing the good news.
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ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆไผš่ญฐใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
225:48
#8 This is a fun one to horse around when you horse.
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๏ผƒ8 ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€้ฆฌใซไน—ใ‚‹ใจใใฎๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚
225:56
Around.
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ใใฎๅ‘จใ‚Šใ€‚
225:57
You behave in a silly or noisy way. So basically what children do all the time, they horse
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ๆ„šใ‹ใชๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‚„้จ’ใ€…ใ—ใ„ๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‚’ใจใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒใ„ใคใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€้ฆฌใ‚’
226:07
around, but you might say.
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ไน—ใ‚Šๅ›žใ™ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ™ใ€ใจใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
226:09
The kids were horsing around and they broke my favorite vase. Now, although this is commonly
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ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใŒใฏใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใง ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎ่Šฑ็“ถใ‚’ๅ‰ฒใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
226:15
used in children, it can of course be used for adults as well, because adults act in
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ๅญไพ›ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅคงไบบใฏ
226:24
silly and noisy ways all the time, right? Even in workplace context. So you might be
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๆ„šใ‹ใง้จ’ใ€…ใ—ใ„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ๅคงไบบใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ่ทๅ ดใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
226:31
talking about how your team is constantly horsing around.
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ใƒใƒผใƒ ใŒๅธธใซ ๅคง้จ’ใŽใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
226:35
And as a bonus, you can also say goof around. It's an alternative, but they're both very
2310
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ใŠใพใ‘ใซใ€ใตใ–ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไปฃๆ›ฟๆ‰‹ๆฎตใงใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚้žๅธธใซ
226:44
commonly used, so horse around or goof around #9 to get by. This is when you have just enough
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ #9 ใ‚’้ฉๅฝ“ใซไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใ€#9 ใ‚’้ฉๅฝ“ใซไฝฟใ†ใจใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใŠ้‡‘ใซไฝ™่ฃ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™
226:54
money.
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ใ€‚
226:55
To.
2313
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1000
ใซใ€‚
226:56
Live on, but not very much extra, so you can basically pay all your bills and that's about
2314
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ไฝใฟ็ถšใ‘ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ๆ–™้‡‘ใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคšใใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ™ในใฆใฎ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€
227:14
it. So you might say sense.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงๆธˆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
227:19
Our twins were born. It's been more difficult to get by. You have two new babies in the
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็งใŸใกใฎๅŒๅญใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚„ใ‚Š้‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ•ใ‚‰ใซ้›ฃใ—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถใซใฏ็”Ÿใพใ‚ŒใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใŒ2ไบบใ„ใพใ™
227:28
house. Well, first, congratulations. But of course, that's very expensive. So now you
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ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใพใšใฏใŠใ‚ใงใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ไพกใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไปŠใงใฏใ€
227:34
only have enough money to pay your bills to buy the food, buy the diapers, buy the groceries,
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ€ใŠใ‚€ใคใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ€้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“ใ‚’่ฒทใ†ใ€
227:47
pay your mortgage, things like that. We're getting by, we're getting by. You're just
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ไฝๅฎ…ใƒญใƒผใƒณใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใชใฉใฎ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚ๆ›ธใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชใŠ้‡‘ใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใชใ‚“ใจใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใ‚“ใจใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŸใ 
227:55
surviving.
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็”Ÿใๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
227:56
So if someone knows you're going through a tough time financially, maybe you lost your
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็ตŒๆธˆ็š„ใซๅŽณใ—ใ„็Šถๆณใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ
228:04
job and they ask you, how's it going? Is everything okay? You could say, well, I'm getting by,
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่ชฟๅญใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏใชใ‚“ใจใ‹ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€
228:16
I'm getting by, which lets them know you're surviving, you have enough to pay all your
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ใชใ‚“ใจใ‹ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ็”Ÿใๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€็”Ÿๆดปๅฟ…้œ€ๅ“ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใฎใซๅๅˆ†ใชใŠ้‡‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
228:25
core expenses, and finally #10 to flip out. Now this can mean to become very excited.
2324
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ใ€ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซ10ไฝใŒใฒใฃใใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
228:34
But it can also mean to become very angry or agitated. So it's when you have a very
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้žๅธธใซๆ€’ใฃใŸใ‚Š ใ€่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๆŠฑใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใŒ
228:50
strong emotion, but that emotion can be positive excitement or it can be negative anger.
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ใ€ใใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช่ˆˆๅฅฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ€’ใ‚Šใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
229:00
And it will be obvious based on context. So if you just won a competition or a prize or
2327
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚„่ณžๅ“ใ€
229:12
the lottery, you might flip out and become very, very excited, right? The sports team
2328
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ๅฎใใ˜ใซๅฝ“ใŸใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใฒใฃใใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ‚Š ใ€้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใญ? ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใƒใƒผใƒ ใฏ
229:18
flipped out when they won the gold medal.
2329
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้‡‘ใƒกใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸใจใใซใฒใฃใใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
229:21
Or the team flipped out when they lost the game. The team became very angry. So you can
2330
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€่ฉฆๅˆใซ่ฒ ใ‘ใฆใƒใƒผใƒ ใŒใฒใฃใใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใŸ ใ€‚ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ€’ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
229:34
use it in both situations. And for this expression you can also say freak out, freak out, flip
2331
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใงใฏใ€ freak outใ€freak outใ€flip out ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™
229:43
out. They mean the same. And again, positive excitement or negative anger.
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ใ€‚ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใพใŸใ€ใƒใ‚ธใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใช ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ‹ใƒใ‚ฌใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๆ€’ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
229:50
So now that you're more comfortable with these phrasal verbs, how about we do that exact
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซๆ…ฃใ‚ŒใฆใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ใพใฃใŸใ
229:55
same quiz again so you can see how much you've improved. So here are the questions. Hit,
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ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚„ใฃใฆใ€ใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘ ไธŠ้”ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใฟใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ใใ“ใง่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚
230:02
pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see
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ๅœๆญขใ—ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ ใ‘ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅ†็”Ÿใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆ
230:50
the answers.
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็ญ”ใˆใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
230:51
Here are the answers. Go ahead and hit pause and figure.
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็ญ”ใˆใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใ€ไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใจๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
232:10
Out how you did.
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ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‹ใ€‚
232:14
Amazing job with this lesson. Now make sure you get your FREE
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใœใฒ็„กๆ–™ใฎ
232:56
speaking guide where I share 6 tips on how to speak English fluently and confidently.
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆตๆšขใ‹ใค่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใฎ 6 ใคใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
233:31
You can download it from my website right here and then
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็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ€ใ‚ฆใƒณใƒญใƒผใƒ‰ใ—ใฆใ€
234:53
when you're ready, get started with
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰
237:36
your
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242:41
next lesson.
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ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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