4 Hours of English Vocabulary - ALL YOU NEED FOR FLUENT ENGLISH

First, let's review the difference between still, yet and already. Let's start off with

already. We use already to talk about something that has happened or may have happened. So

think about the verb tenses. We're talking about the past.

And your verb tenses are going to be the past simple or the present perfect. For example,

I could say I already ate. I already ate. Of course, that action took place in the past.

Now you could invite me to the movies, and I could say I've already seen that movie.

Present Perfect. I've already seen that movie and of course it was in the past that I saw

that movie. Now notice for the placement of already it's generally placed before the main

verb. So now it's your turn. Pause the video and put a sentence using already in the past

Simple and the present Perfect in the comments below.

Now let's talk about yet. We generally use yet in a question form or a negative sentence,

and your verb tense is going to be the present perfect as a question. You're asking a question

about the past, so I could ask, Have you eaten yet? Have you eaten yet?

And of course, if you want to answer yes, you would use. Which one? Yes, I've already

eaten. Now we can combine a question and the reply could be in the negative, so they could

both use yet, for example. I could ask you, have you decided yet?

And your answer in the negative would be no, I haven't decided yet. Now notice the placement

of yet we put it after the main verb, so it's generally at the end of your sentence.

All right. So now why don't you try a question with yet and then a reply to that question

and your reply will be in the negative as well. So put those two examples in the comments.

Now let's talk about still we use still to talk about an action that started in the past

and continues until now.

Your.

Birth tenses are generally going to be the present simple or the present continuous.

For example, I could say I'm still going to the party. So keep in mind I made a decision

to go to the party maybe last week. OK, I said I'm going to the party.

Now, maybe the weather is really bad today, so a lot of people aren't going to the party

anymore, but I want to confirm that this action that happened in the past, my decision, it

still applies now. So I can say I'm still going to the party, I'm still going to the

party.

Now, we use this with routines a lot, which is why you'll hear it in the present Simple.

For example, I could say I still go to the gym every.

Day.

So I started going to the gym every day in the past, maybe a month ago. So my friend

who I haven't seen in a while wants to know if I still go to the gym and I could say yeah,

I still go to the gym every day.

Now notice the placement of. Still, just like with already, we're going to put it before

the main verb. And you know what to do. Now it's your turn to practice. So why don't you

try a sentence in the present? Simple and present continues. And put those in the comments

below. Amazing job. Now let's review the difference between do.

And make I hear lots of mistakes, even from advanced students with these two. And they'll

be a quiz at the end of this section to make sure you really know how to use.

Do.

And make Now let me give you an example sentence. Last night I the dishes and I dinner, OK?

In this case, what do we need? Do we need do? Do we need make? Put it in the comments

below. What do you think we need? Well, first of all, you need to remember that regardless

of which one, you use their verbs, so you have to conjugate them according to your time

reference. So my time reference is last night, so I know I'm talking in the past, so I need

to conjugate my verbs in the past.

Last night I did the dishes and I made dinner. Did you get them right? Now let's talk about

the rules of when you use do and make. First of all, let me give you a tip. So remember

this. If we're talking about an action in general, we use.

Do.

If we're talking about producing something, we use make. So that's a general tip you can

follow, but just keep in mind there are specific expressions that require one or the other,

so you need to keep those in mind as well. So first, let's talk about these general rules.

Let's talk about when you use do.

We use do with work, chores and tasks. This is one I commonly see students confused because

I hear a lot of students say I made my homework, I made my homework. But you don't make homework,

OK?

You do?

Homework.

You do?

A job You do chores you do a task. We use the verb do.

Now we also use DO with an unspecified activity, and you're probably very familiar with the

question What are you doing tonight? What are you doing right now? It's a general question.

I'm not asking about a specific activity. We use DO. What are you doing tonight?

Now, we also use do a lot when we replace a verb if the meaning is clear. So in my original

example, I said last night I did the dishes, do the dishes. But there's another verb that

we can use. You can wash the dishes.

Now, because the meaning is clear, I can replace the verb wash with do. That might be a little

more of an advanced thing for you to understand, but just for now, remember this expression.

You do?

The dishes. So you've already just added one natural expression to your vocabulary. Because

a native English speaker, we're not really going to say wash the dishes, we say do the

dishes.

So now let's talk about make. Remember, we use make when you're producing something.

So anything that was produced, designed, developed or constructed, we could use make. For example,

I could say this tshirt was made in China.

Now we also use make, specifically with food, drinks and meals. And that's why I said last

night I made dinner. Can you make me a snack? Can you make me a smoothie? A beverage? Can

you make me a cup of coffee?

We also use make when you produce an action or a reaction from someone. For example, I

could watch a movie and I could say, oh wow, that movie made me, made me really sad. That

movie made me really sad. It produced a reaction within me. Traffic makes me so angry. That's

something that a lot of people say, right?

Here's a good one. We use make with plans and decisions. So think of a plan could be,

for example, making a dinner reservation and with decision you make a decision. So I could

ask you, have you made a decision yet? Have you made a decision yet?

Now finally, we use make when you produce sounds. For example, I could say my microphone

made a really weird buzzing noise, or I could say my lights are making this really high

pitched noise. We can also use it with any sort of verbal sound, for example at the end

of a presentation.

I could say I really like that comment you made about global warming. So you make a comment

because that's a sound you produce. Now let's talk about some general expressions that use

either.

Do.

Or make remember expressions in English. You just have to memorize them. So just put these

ones into your vocabulary, write them down and make sure you understand if they use do.

Or make so our first one.

You do?

Someone a favor. So this is a very common expression I could say. Oh, I have a lot of

homework.

To.

Do remember you do homework or I have a lot of chores to do. You do chores, you do work.

I have a lot of chores to do. Can you do me a favor and make?

The.

Dinner reservation.

So notice I use do and make in that sentence. Can you do me a favor and make the dinner

reservation? Because remember, we use make with plans and arrangements and decisions,

but we're using do, do someone a favor. Think of that just as an expression. Do someone

a favor. So can you do me a favor? Hopefully you said yes.

Now, I'm sure you're already familiar with this expression, but I'll share it anyway.

And that's what do you do? What do you do? What do you do for a living? But most of the

time we don't include for a living and we simply say, what do you do? And of course

I'm asking you about your job. And we use.

Do.

Now interestingly we have another expression which is make.

A living to make a living. Now, when you make a living by doing something, it means that's

your primary source of income. So I could say I make a living by doing YouTube videos.

That's my primary source of income. That's how I make a living. So somebody could ask

me what do you do?

I'm a YouTube. Well, how do you make a living? Because they might be asking me OK, but how

do you make money? And of course I would say I make a living by recording YouTube videos.

That's how I make a living. Now of course you also make money S You make a living which

is related to money. And then also you make money S again. Somebody could ask me what

do you?

Do.

I'm a YouTuber, but how do you make money? How do you make money on YouTube, right? That's

always the mystery. People want to know that. So just remember those two expressions. One

of them uses do because it's a general category. But then specifically, you almost about producing,

right? Thinking toward general category. You make money, you make a living. That's more

about production. So we're using make.

Now another one that doesn't really fit into the category, but you can think of it as an

expression and that's make a mistake. You make a mistake. OK, so you don't do a mistake.

Sometimes I hear that you make a mistake. It's just an expression.

So you could say.

I was doing.

My homework or I was doing my taxes. That's another one.

Where we're.

Replacing the verb, which is probably file. I was filing my taxes, but we replaced that

verb would do. I was doing my taxes and I made a mistake. Or we could combine two makes.

I was making dinner and I.

Made.

A.

Mistake. So just keep that in mind. A lot of the time you're going to be mixing and

matching in one sentence. I'll leave you with a positive expression. Think of this as an

expression. And this one's with Do you do your best, Do your best. So if you say Jennifer,

I'm not sure if I can pass this quiz at the end of the.

Video.

I'm going to say just do your best. It doesn't matter if you make a mistake.

Just do.

Your.

Best. So that's a nice word of encouragement and expression of encouragement that you can

use with someone. If they're feeling a little apprehensive or tentative about doing something,

you can say I'll just do your best. It doesn't matter if you make a mistake, just do your

best.

So with that, let's get to the quiz. So I'm going to share the quiz on the screen. You're

going to have 10 questions to answer. I'll leave it up for a minute. So just pause the

video. You'll need more time. And then after that minute it will display the answers. So

make sure you let us know in the comments how you did on the quiz. How many did you

get right out of 10 did you make?

Any mistakes? And of course, just do your best. So now let's do the quiz.

So how did you do with that quiz? Share your score in the comments below and let's continue

on with our next section. And let's look at the difference between do, did, or does. What's

the difference between do, does, and did? Well, you need to understand that all three

of these are just different forms of the verb to do.

So the verb to do is the infinitive. Now do and does are the present simple conjugations

of the verb, and you simply choose one or the other based on the subject that you have.

So if you're forming a sentence and your subject is I, you, we or they, you need to choose

do.

If your subject is ** *** or it, so third person singular, you need to choose does and

that's it. That's the only difference between do or does in affirmative sentences in the

present simple. But keep in mind that do as a verb is used in very specific sentences

in the present simple, so for example you.

Do.

Chores.

You do chores. The verb do is what we need to complete the sentence. So I could say I.

Do.

Chores every Sunday. This is a routine Is in the present simple. Because my subject

is I then I need do now. You can also do homework, for example. Do is the verb that we use with

homework.

Now I could say my sister, which of course is she as a subject. My sister does homework

every night. Again, this is a routine, so I need the present simple. My subject is my

sister she so I need does. Now let's talk about did. Did is the past simple form of

the verb to do.

And as a past simple verb, there's no difference with subjects, so you use did.

For.

All subjects so that one is easier to remember. And of course if it's the past simple, then

we just need to make sure that our time reference is in the past.

So I could say we did our homework last night. She did her homework this morning assuming

this morning is already in the past because right now is this afternoon or this evening,

so this morning is in the past. She did her homework this morning so notice it doesn't

matter if I use we or she the subject.

Fact doesn't matter because did is used for all subjects. You just need to make sure that

your time reference is a past time reference. We're do and does. Your time reference is

going to be a routine action, so you're going to hear time references like always. Usually

every. Then you know it's a present simple.

You're doing awesome. Let's move on and look at later and after. Later is most commonly

used as an adverb and it means at a time in the future. It's not a specific time. For

example, I could say I'll wash the dishes.

Now this is just a statement about something I'm going to do. You already know it's in

the future because I used Will all, I'll wash the dishes. So if you'd like to add a time

reference when will you wash the dishes, you can choose later and you can say I'll wash

the dishes later.

But what does later mean? Does it really tell the person when you'll wash the dishes? Not

really, because it's not a specific time reference. All we know is that you're not going to do

it right now, and you'll do it at some point in the future. I'll wash the dishes later.

Now after is most commonly used as a preposition. We use after to show the sequence of events,

and those sequence of events can be in terms of time, in terms of place or in terms of

order. But it is commonly used in terms of time, sequence of events in time.

Which means one event is going to happen later than another event. So really it has that

same meaning as later in the sense that it's a time in the future. So what's different

about them? Well, it's really just the sentence structure and how you use them, because after

is a preposition.

So I could say I'll wash the dishes after something else. That's the key we generally

use after and then something else because it shows the relationship between two things.

So wash the dishes something else. What's the order of them? Which one comes first?

That's how we use after. So I could say I'll wash the dishes after I watch the movie. So

I have wash dishes, watch movie, but I don't know the order and that's what after helps

us do, show the order and in this case it's order in time.

I'll wash the dishes after I watch the movie. Now notice how I use a full clause, a full

sentence with a subject, a verb and an object. I'll wash the dishes after I.

Watch.

The.

Movie.

A full clause. We don't need to do that. You can simply have a noun as well. So it could

be two objects, just two nouns rather than two actions. So I could say I'll wash the

dishes.

After the movie? After the movie. OK, so you don't have to use a full clause, and it's

probably very common for native speakers to just use the object and not include the action.

I'll watch the dishes after the movie.

Now here's the mistake I see students make. They say something like, I'll wash the dishes

later.

The.

Movie. So they use later and then they include a something, a noun or even a clause. You

can't do that. You can't say I'll wash the dishes later. The movie generally we use.

Later.

I'll wash the dishes later.

And that's it. So if you want to specify an action or a thing that comes next, you use

after and then you can specify A noun or an action. I'll wash the dishes after the movie.

That's correct. Now, one final thing you can do with after is you can leave out the action

or the noun.

So just like I'll say I'll wash the dishes later period, you can do the same thing with

after, I'll wash the dishes after.

We do this when the context is obvious. So let's say you and your friend.

Just.

Talked about watching a movie. You're sitting on the couch the you have the remote in your

hand. It's obvious. So when you say, oh, wash the dishes after your friend knows that it's

after the movie, it's obvious based on context.

So if it's obvious based on context, grammatically you can leave it out and then you will have

after and just a period. You don't have to specify the action or the noun.

So just remember, probably the most important thing to remember is that you can't say later

the movie. You can't say that that's the most common mistake that I see. Amazing job. Now

let's talk about cannot as one word can not as two words and can't.

Let's start with cannot as one word. So really pay attention that this is one word and spelling.

We have two ends, but it's in one word. Now cannot is the negative form of the verb can.

That's it. Simple as that. So let's take a positive sentence with can. I could say I

can pick you up at the airport.

I can pick you up at the airport. That's a positive sentence. But if I wanna make this

sentence negative, all I need to do is change can with cannot remember one word to ends.

So that would be I cannot pick you up at the airport. So to make a positive CAN sentence

negative, simply use one word cannot and replace that with CAN. It's as simple as that. Now

let's talk about can't.

Notice the spelling. There's one end and it's a contraction, right? Every time you see the

apostrophe, you know it's a contraction. So can't is just the contracted form of cannot.

You can think of it as the short form. Now you use it in the exact same way. So we take

our positive sentence, I can pick you up at the airport, and then to make it negative,

we just change it with can't.

Can't. I can't pick you up at the airport. Can't is more common than using cannot. The

longer form. Now let's talk about can not as two words. First of all, know that this

is not the negative form of the verb can.

OK, it's not the negative form. If you use it as the negative form in spoken English,

you won't hear a difference. But in written English, if you use can not as two words,

it's a spelling mistake. As simple as that. It's a spelling mistake. OK, because the correct

spelling of the negative form of can is cannot one word.

But can not as two words still exist, but it's not very commonly used. We can use it,

for example, when you have not in one part of a sentence and then can is just your verb

of that sentence, but can and not when their two words aren't together. OK, their relationship

isn't together. So for example.

You're probably familiar with the expression not only, but that's a very common expression

in English, Not only X but also Y. Not only but. So notice in this expression I have the

word not not only. Now, theoretically, my verb in this sentence could be can.

And if that's the case, you might see can and not side by side, but they're not together.

It's not. Making can negative not relates to not only but or another expression that

uses not. So for example, I could say I can not only pick you up at the airport.

I can also help you unpack. OK, just to give an example. So notice I can now not only pick

you up at the airport, so can is just the verb in the sentence. It's not connected with

not only, but I can not only pick you up at the airport, I can also help you unpack. So

that's just.

Theoretically you could see can and NOT side by side as two separate words, but honestly

that's not very common and I don't think you're going to see that when you see CAN and not

side by side as.

2.

Words.

Most likely it's just a spelling mistake and they wanted to make can negative, which is

one word cannot.

So to summarize, cannot as one word is the negative form of can. Can't is the contraction

of cannot is the most commonly used can not as two words is possible, but it's not the

negative form of the verb can. So now you know how to use these, and now of course it's

your turn to practice.

I want you to leave 3 examples. One with cannot the negative form, one with can the contraction

and then why not try? I can not only, but that would be a pretty advanced structure

to practice. So you can leave all those examples in the comments below. You're doing wonderful.

Let's continue on and look at come and came. What's the difference between come?

And came Well, there's a very simple answer to this question. First, we have to know that

the verb is to come. That's the infinitive form of the verb. So then you take your infinitive

form and you're going to do 2 things. You're going to conjugate it with the subject.

And you're going to conjugate it with the time reference as well. The conjugations of

the verb to come are the base infinitive is come, the past simple is came, and the participle

is come. So you're 3 forms of the verb come came, come come came, come. Irregular conjugation.

Now we can use the base form in the present simple verb tense. The present simple. Of

course we're talking about facts or routines. I could say she always comes late. She always

comes late. So notice I take my verb come, but then I have to think about my subject,

which is she?

So I have to add an S to the verb come so it's conjugated correctly with my subject.

She She always comes late. Now if it was they as a subject it would be come because I don't

add an SI, only add an S for **. *** it subjects, they always come late, She always comes late,

they always come late.

Now I can take that same sentence. But I could talk about yesterday. If I talk about yesterday

now, my time reference is in the past.

So I have to conjugate the verb in the past, and in this case I need the past. Simple your

time reference will tell you.

What?

Verb tense you need yesterday is an indicator of the past simple. In the past simple there

are no different conjugations. We only use the verb came with all subjects. So I can

say she came late yesterday.

She.

Always comes late. That's the present simple. She came late yesterday. They always come

late. The present simple. They came late yesterday. The past simple. So now you know how to use

come and came. But what about that third form of the verb? That's the past participle, which

is also come.

We use the past participle most commonly with the present perfect verb tense. The present

perfect verb tense is have or has as your auxiliary verb and then your past participle,

which in this case is come. So I could say she's come late three times this week she's

notice that S.

In my contraction is actually the burp. Has she has come? She has she's she's come late

three times this week. Now I'm using the present perfect here because my time reference is

unfinished. It starts in the past.

But it's an unfinished time reference cuz this week is still in progress and it's possible

for her to come late again. She's come to work late three times this week, now in the

present perfect verb tense.

The past participle come doesn't change, but we do conjugate our verb has or have depending

on the subject. So if my subject is they, I need the auxiliary verb have. They've they

have. They've come late three times this week, so that's how you would use come as the past

participle.

To summarize, we have our verb to come, and then we have the three forms of the verb.

The first form come, the second form came, and the third form come. You need to make

sure you're conjugating your verb with your time reference and your subject as well. Come

is a very common verb in English, so you should definitely feel confident using it in your

speech.

So to do that you need to practice. So why don't you leave 3 examples, one with each

form of the verb present simple, past simple and present perfect. And of course you can

try different subjects as well to make this very challenging and leave your examples in

the comments below. Let's keep going and look at didn't and wasn't. Both of these are the

past simple forms.

And both of them are past simple negative. Wasn't is the past simple negative form of

the verb to be? But wasn't is only used with the subjects I, ** *** and it.

Didn't is a past simple negative form, but it's an auxiliary.

Verb.

Which means it doesn't have a base verb itself. It's used with any base verb. So our sentence

structure would be subject didn't.

Base verb to form a complete sentence that's past simple negative. To understand both of

these, let's start with a positive sentence in the presence. So we'll do a present simple

positive sentence and then we'll see how we can change that sentence into the past simple

negative. So you can see the transformation of how we use didn't and wasn't.

So let's start with our positive present simple sentence.

For the verb to be.

I'm there, I'm there. Pretty simple, right? To be there. I'm there. Or I could say she's

there. Now I can make this sentence negative in the present simple simply by adding not.

I'm not there.

She isn't there. But remember, wasn't is the form of the verb to be and it's negative,

but it's used in the past simple. So I need to take my two sentences and have a past simple

time reference.

So let's use yesterday. Yesterday I know I'm in the past simple and I know that my sentence

is going to be negative. So I can say yesterday she wasn't there, yesterday I wasn't there.

So that's how the transformation took place from having a present simple positive.

The present simple negative to past simple negative and remember wasn't is only used

for the subjects I, ** *** it. So let's do the same thing and see how we can get to didn't.

So let's start with the present simple positive sentence. I go to bed at 10:30.

So here my verb is go to go. I go to bed at 10:30. Now when we take regular verbs, excluding

to be, to be as a verb has different rules. OK, so we take regular verbs like the verb

go, we have our positive in the present simple. To form the negative in the present simple,

I need an auxiliary verb.

And that auxiliary verb that I'm going to use is don't. I don't go to bed at 10:30.

This is the auxiliary verb for the subjects I, you, we, and they. I don't go to bed at

10:30, so now I have a negative sentence, but it's in the present simple. It talks about

a routine.

But I want to talk about a past simple so I can use the keyword yesterday so I know

I'm in the past simple. Yesterday I didn't go to bed at 10:30. So to form a negative

sentence in the past simple for regular verbs, we need to follow our structure. Subject didn't.

And then our base verb. Our base verb is go.

I.

Didn't go to bed at 10:30 yesterday. So remember, wasn't is only used with the verb to be and

it's only used with the verb to be with the subjects I, ** *** it.

Didn't is used for regular verbs in the past, simple negative as the auxiliary verb, and

your sentence structure is subject didn't.

Ace verb. That's how you would form complete sentences in the past Simple negative. So

now is your turn to practice. I want you to leave 2 examples, one with wasn't and one

with didn't. Put them in the comments below and make sure you have a past simple reference.

So it could be yesterday, but it could be other past simple time references as well.

You're doing so great. Let's keep going and look at DO.

You and are you. Both of these are question forms in the present simple, but they use

different verbs and different structures. So let's begin with are you.

Now are of course is the verb to be, so are you is forming a question in the present simple

using the verb to be our subject is you, so that's why we need are, because that's the

conjugated verb to be with our subject you.

Now we use the verb to be in the present simple for facts. Facts about the world, or facts

about ourselves as well. For example, I could ask you because remember, this is a question,

so you're going to ask someone about a fact. So I could ask you are you American or British?

Are you?

Are you American or British now? Another fact would be your job. So I can ask you, are you

a software?

Engineer.

Now, I could also ask you a fact about your physical description. And I could ask you,

for example, are you tall? Assuming we're chatting and I can't see you, so I don't know

if you're tall or not, and I could ask, are you tall? Now let's take a look at the sentence

structure, because using the verb to be in question form, we use something called inversion.

So we take our subject and our verb, which would be the structure for a positive sentence,

and we invert them, which means we switch them. So our sentence structure for questions

using the verb to be in the present simple is verb plus subject plus object, so we know

our verb is the verb to be.

Are and we know our subject is you because we're only talking about are. So our subject

and our verb need to conjugate are you? And then I just need my object. The question The

rest of the sentence Are you tall? Now keep that sentence structure in mind. Why don't

we take a look at do you?

Do you is also a question form in the present simple. The difference is do is an auxiliary

verb, which means do doesn't have any meaning in that word. It's only there grammatically.

So to have meaning in the sentence we need a main verb. Do is the auxiliary verb and

we still need a main verb.

Now, in the present simple, I'm going to ask you about yourself or about your routine.

So for example, I can ask do you live in London? So of course here live is our main verb, but

I need my auxiliary verb. Do Do you live in London?

I can't just do inversion with my subject and verb. If I did that, it would be Live

you in London, Live you in London, and we know that isn't grammatically correct for

English sentence structure, so we need our auxiliary verb.

Do.

And do is conjugated with our subject. You do you live in London? Another question.

Do you have a dog? So here have is our main verb. But I can't say have you a dog, so I

need do you have a dog. I need my auxiliary verb do. So compare our two sentence structures

because here our sentence structure is auxiliary verb, subject, main verb.

Auxiliary verb is do Because our subject is you and do conjugates with the subject you

do you, and now we need a main verb. But the form of this is the base verb, which means

it's the infinitive without to. So to live we get rid of to and we have live, do you

live, and then the rest of the sentence, the object.

So with are you our sentence structure was verb, subject, object, do you? Our sentence

structure is auxiliary verb do subject main verb, which is the base verb and then the

object.

They're both used in question form with the present simple, and this is something that

you absolutely must know to understand basic English sentence structure. So now it's your

turn to practice. I want you to leave two questions in the comments below, one with

do you and one with.

Are you?

Amazing job. Now let's look at the difference between ever and never.

You can think of ever as at least once, or one or more times. That's ever now. Never.

You can think of this as zero times, never zero times, not once.

Ever and never are commonly used in the present perfect, especially in question form. So let's

take a question in the present perfect. Have you been to Banff? Have you been to Banff?

Now, in the present perfect, it's extremely common. In fact, it even sounds more natural

to me to use the word ever. Have you ever been to bath? Now we add ever to present perfect

questions because they're asking about.

Life.

Experience and remember it means at least once.

So if you've been to Banff at least once or more in your life, then you can answer yes

to the question. If you've been to Banff zero times, then you'll say no, I've never been

to Banff.

So notice ever we use it in the question form but we don't use it in the positive answer.

As a positive answer I would just say yeah, I've been to Bath once, twice, 3 * 4 times

and I give my answer. So let me ask you a question in the present perfect Have you ever

been skydiving?

So have you ever been skydiving? You can put your answer in the comments below. And also

why don't you ask us? Have you ever questioned and make it a fun and interesting question?

Put that in the comments below.

Now, although ever and never are very commonly used in the present perfect, we can also use

them in the present simple. Never is very commonly used in the present simple, so remember

it means zero times. And in the present simple, we're asking about routine actions, so we're

asking about the frequency of actions you do. So it would be very common to say never.

Ever for certain actions. For example, I could say I never workout at night. I never workout

at night. So this is not part of my daily routine. It takes place zero times in my daily

routine. We can use ever in question form in the present simple, although it's much

less common than it is in the present perfect.

But I could ask you.

Do you?

Ever workout at night? Now in this case, I'm asking you about the frequency of this action

in your daily routine.

So as a reply, you're just going to use an adverb of frequency and say oh I sometimes

workout, I usually workout, I frequently workout, I rarely workout and you're going to give

me your answer. Remember, if it's zero times then you use never. I never workout at night.

So what about you? Do you ever work out at night? You can put your answer in the comments

below. And at the same time, why don't you ask your fellow students a question using?

Do.

You ever? So remember this is a present simple question. You're asking about the frequency

of that action in their daily routine.

So now you know the difference between ever and never, and remember to do all the practice

in the comments below. This is our last section. Now let's look at the difference between 4:00

or sense. I hear so many mistakes with these two words. And as we go through this lesson,

you'll complete quizzes to make sure you really understand how to use for and sense.

Now, there's a specific time that you need to choose either for or, since they're not

interchangeable, and it will make your sentence grammatically incorrect if you're using the

wrong one. So first, let's talk about for. We use for for duration. OK, so you can think

of it as a time that has a start.

And end a duration of time, for example for 20 minutes, for three weeks, for seven months?

Or how about for 12 years? Now we use sens with a specific time, so you can think of

it as a precise moment in time, for example 9:00 AM.

Last Monday, June 3rd, 2014. So that's the first thing you need to know to use these

correctly. 4 is a duration of time, and since is a specific time. Now let's talk about the

verb tenses that you need for each.

So here's a little quiz for you. I'm going to show you some sentences using 4IN different

verb tenses, and I want you to tell me which ones are correct and which ones are incorrect.

And keep in mind we're talking about the verb tense specifically, so that's what you need

to look at. So I'll show you the example sentences now.

HM so which ones are correct and which ones are incorrect? Let us know in the comments.

Well, I hate to break it to you, but this was a trick question because they're all correct.

And the point is that four can be used with many different verb tenses. It's quite diverse

in that way. Now let's do the same thing, but this time we'll do it with since.

So again, the time references are all correct. I'm using them all with specific time, but

let's take a look at the verb tenses. So I'll show you the sentences and I want you to let

us know which ones are correct and incorrect.

So how'd you do with this one? How about in the comments? Let us know which ones are correct.

OK, put it in the comments. Now, this one wasn't a trick question because since is a

lot more limited. So here are example sentences. The only correct ones were #1 and number.

3.

You can use sense with the present perfect and the present perfect continuous. The reason

why is because sense. We use this for an action that started in the past but continues until

now, and we actually don't know when that action is going to end, but it's important

it started it in the past. Continue.

Till now and is still in progress. That's when we can use since. All right. So now you

know that for is used for a duration of time and it's very diverse. You can use it with

many different verb tenses. You know that since we need a specific time and you can

use it with the present perfect and the present perfect continuous.

Now let me show you a sentence that I see almost every day and it's wrong. And this.

Sentence.

Is. I've been learning English since.

2.

Years.

Alright, this sentence is wrong. Now I want you to take this sentence and make it a correct

sentence. You're going to need to change.

Either.

The for or since or the time reference. OK, so make your change and put the correct sentence

in the comments below. And also I want you to practice your own sentence, so leave a

comment and.

Use a sentence with four and then sentence with sentence.

First, you're going to learn the difference between on time and in time. Let's start off

with on time. Now we use on time to refer to a specific time, and it's a specific time

that something will happen, and we commonly use this with scheduled events. For example,

traffic was terrible, but thankfully I got to the meeting.

On time. So of course you can imagine that there's a scheduled time that that meeting

will start. The meeting will start at, let's say 3:00 o'clock.

So if.

You get to the.

Meeting at 3:00 o'clock or before, then you're on time. If you get to the meeting at 3:01

or after, then you're what? You're late, right? So that would be the opposite of on time late.

Now you could also make a general statement and say I'm always on time, so notice it's

in the present simple because it's a routine action which means I always get to my scheduled

events.

On or before the time they're supposed to start, the time they're scheduled to start,

I'm.

Always.

On time. So what about you? Are you always on time? Let us kFirst, let's talk about the

difference between sympathy and empathy. So let's give a scenario. Let's imagine that

your friend Ted just lost his job. So this could be a situation, a negative situation

where you want to give some sympathy or some empathy. So if you want to give Ted sympathy,

you're going to see something like ah.

I'm sorry to hear that. That's too bad. That really sucks. So you're going to say those

words to Ted, but then you're going to go on with the rest of your day. You're going

to be happy, you're going to have fun, you're going to do whatever, and you're not really

going to think about Ted and his situation anymore.

Because sympathy is at the surface level. Okay. A situation happens to a friend, a colleague,

A coworker, a family member, someone you know, and then you just use your words to offer

some words of support where it's a comfort, and then you go on with your day. What is

empathy, though? Empathy is deeper. Empathy is about emotion.

Empathy isn't really about words. Empathy is about trying to understand the emotion

that Ted is feeling.

So trying to either imagine what Ted must be feeling right now because he just lost

his job, the stress he must be feeling, the insecurity, the frustration, the anger, the

lack of confidence, Whatever emotions that Ted's feeling, you want to understand them.

But you want to almost take those emotions on, and you feel those emotions. So even though

Ted lost his job, you feel the pain of Ted losing his job. And by doing that, you're

able to offer more comfort and more support to Ted because you truly want to understand

what it feels like.

Now, because of that, empathy is really not about words. Empathy is about emotion. So

how could you show Ted that you have empathy for his situation? Well, you might sit beside

Ted on the couch.

And just put your arm around him or give him a hug. Or maybe you show your emotion by even

having some tears in your eyes as Ted is telling you about how he lost his job and how he's

not sure how he's going to pay his mortgage. You you don't say anything, but you show Ted

that you understand what he's going through because you might have some visible tears

in your eyes or you put your hand on his shoulder.

On his knee? Or you just sit there silently and allow the emotion to be present. That's

empathy. Empathy is at a much deeper level. And then when you leave, so you say goodbye

to Ted, OK? And then you go home. And even though Ted is in his home and you're in your

home, you still feel it. You still feel the emotion. You're still.

A little bit sad yourself. That's empathy. It's way deeper of an emotion. So to summarize,

sympathy is about offering words of comfort. But it's step one, offering the words of comfort.

And then you offer those words of comfort. And then you just go about your day, go about

your life as normal.

Empathy is about taking it further, and it's no longer about words. It's about emotions,

and it's trying to understand what someone is feeling or the situation that they're going

through at a deeper level so you can offer support to that person. So that's the difference

between sympathy and empathy.

As these are more concepts, we don't really use them in sentences. So I know I usually

ask you to practice in the sentence practice in the comments below. However, you might

not really be able to practice sentences using these words.

So because of that, maybe you can just talk about a scenario where you might want to offer

someone's sympathy and then a scenario where you want to offer someone empathy. Or you

can think back to a time in your life where you did offer someone's sympathy and then

someone empathy. So maybe you can just talk about those scenarios more to practice using

these expressions. Amazing job. Let's move on and look at the difference between relate

to.

Related to So first let's talk about how to use to relate to something. When you relate

to something, it means you understand a situation or you understand someone's feelings. And

the reason why you understand that situation or someone's feelings is because you've had

a similar experience. You've experienced it yourself, and because of that.

You understand the situation or how someone feels. So let's say your coworker comes up

to you and says, oh, this project is really stressing me out. Now imagine that in the

past you were on that exact same project and you experienced stress when you were on that

project. You've had the same experience.

Because of that, you can just say, I can relate to that, I can relate to that. And what is

the that? Well, the that is feeling stressed out on the project. You've experienced the

exact same feelings that your coworker is experiencing now and because you can relate

to that.

You can probably have a different conversation. You can have a more indepth conversation,

or maybe you can share some tips and advice because you've had that same experience. Here's

a great example I saw on you, Glish. We can all relate to having doubt or feeling insecure

about certain things, right? And you agree with that, right? You can relate to having

doubt.

You can relate to feeling insecure if I ask you, can you relate to that? I'm asking you.

Have you ever experienced that in your life?

And if you've never experienced doubt and you've never experienced insecurity, well,

then you're not human, right? Because we've all experienced it, right? Of course we have.

It's a human emotion. We experienced all emotions, negative and positive. Now why might you see

something like this?

Well, likely because you want to connect to whoever you're talking to. If a student is

coming to me and telling me how insecure they feel about using their English in public,

I can let them know that I can relate to that.

And if the student feels like, oh, Jennifer has experienced this as well, then they might

be more open to hearing the advice I have to share. Or they might just feel closer to

me, more connected to me because we've had that same experience. So that's how we feel

connected to each other is through shared experiences, right?

So it's really powerful to try to relate to somebody's experience or to let them know

that you can relate to what they're feeling or what they're experiencing right now. Now

notice in our Youglish example, what do you notice about the verb we have relate to? And

then what do you notice relate to, relate to having?

And notice it's also relate to feeling. Both of our verbs are in the gerund. This is a

gerund expression when you want to use a verb next. I can relate to feeling, having, wanting,

missing, needing. Whatever verb your have next is going to be in the gerund, so make

sure you pay attention to that when you're forming your sentences.

Now let's talk about to be related to someone. When you're related to someone, it means that

they are a family member. They're part of your family. You share the same blood, genes,

DNA. You come from the same family, even if it's a great great, great, great, great aunts

or uncle.

Even if it's a very distant family member, you're still related to them to be related

to someone. So let's say your friend invites you to their family reunion and at a family

reunion.

Everybody is going to be related, right? Well, not everybody. Because of course other people

could bring friends or people they're just dating, for example. They're not related to

them.

That's a very important point. You're not related to your spouse, the person you're

married to, because that would mean you share the same DNA and genes and blood. And that's

just a little creepy, right? No, you're not related to your spouse. You're married to

them. You're part of their family. But you're not relatives. You're not blood relatives,

right? You're related to your mother, father, brother.

Your sister, aunt, uncle, grandmother, grandfather and cousins. And then the second, the third,

the extended family as well, down the family tree. But you're not related to the person

you're married to. So you're at this family reunion with your friend. And as you're meeting

new people, of course you're going to ask your friend, oh, how are you related to that

person? How are you related to friends?

Think, Oh, he's my second cousin. How are you related to marrying? Oh, she's my aunt.

How are you related to Jim? Oh, actually, I'm not related to him. He's married to my

aunt. Because you're not related to your aunt's husband, right? Because you're not in the

same blood line, the same DNA, the same genes as your aunt's husband, Yes.

The husband is part of your family, but you're not directly related to them, okay. So there

is a difference between someone in your family and then being related to someone. So as you

can see, there's a big difference between when you relate to something or you relate

to someone's feelings.

And you are related to someone. So there's that difference in sentence structure because

it's to be related with the Ed to be related to. But then there's a huge difference in

the meaning as well. When you can relate to someone's feelings, you understand their feelings

because you've experienced the same thing.

And when you're related to someone, they you share the same DNA, the same blood, the same

genes, they're a member of your blood family. So now you know how to use relate to someone's

feelings and to be related to someone. So it's your turn to practice. I want you to

leave 2 examples in the comments below. Amazing job. Let's keep going with the difference

between either and neither. I'm going to make this explanation.

Real easy for you and by the end of the video you'll feel confident using either and neither

in sentences. This is definitely an area I see lots of mistakes with, but not just with

non-native English speakers.

I see this with my friends, with my colleagues, with native English speakers as well. So don't

worry too much about this, but I will make it easy for you to remember. Now, before we

go any further, I just want you know that the pronunciation is flexible, so you can

say neither, neither either.

Either. OK, there's no difference. I might even change them throughout the video. If

I do, there's no difference at all. I tend to use either and neither, and that's generally

what I hear being used in North America. With that said, let's talk about the difference

between either and neither, and let's start with either. In terms of structure, it's going

to be either noun.

Or noun and we use this structure when we're choosing between two options. It's really

important that is only two options. We don't use it with three and we don't use it with

four. We use it with two options. Let's take a look at an example. Either Mike or John

will help you.

So as you can see, we have our section either noun or now, right now, in terms of meaning,

both of these situations are possible. It's possible that Mike will help you. It's possible

that John will help you. Now it's important to know that it's only one person that will

help you in the end. So in the end you will have Mike.

Or John. Either Mike or John will help you. So let's take a moment and practice now that

we know how to form a sentence using either or. So possibly, If you need think of an example.

Remember the structure is either noun or noun, and then the rest of your sentence. So think

about what your sentence is and then put it in the comments below.

Now, before we move on, let's talk about different sentence structures using either. Now, it's

definitely possible that the nouns Mike and John in this scenario, the nouns have already

been identified. OK, And if that's the case, there are some other sentence structures that

you can use. In fact, there are three possibilities. They mean exactly the same thing.

So let's say that our nouns have already been identified. So I could say Mike and John are

in the office today. So we already set the context that Mike and John are our nouns,

right? I don't need to repeat that information. So I could say Mike and John are in the office

today.

Either one will help you notice here either one OK of course either 11 is Mike and one

is John. I don't need to repeat those nouns because I said them at the beginning part

of my sentence. In this case, I can simply say either one will help you.

Now remember I said there's three different choices of sentence structure. I could also

say either one of them will help you. So notice here I'm just adding of them. Of course the

them is Mike and John. You got this right. OK, Our third choice is I could say either

of them will help you. So what am I doing different here?

In this case, I'm simply dropping the one, right? So all three of these choices mean

exactly the same thing. You can use them interchangeably. There's no difference at all. Remember, these

three choices are used when the nouns have already been identified.

So now take a second. Take your example that you already use, and change it so you identify

the nouns first, and then follow this structure. Remember, you have three different choices,

so practice using all three and put your practice examples in the comments. Now let's talk about

neither.

The thing you need to remember is that neither is negative. So I think it's really easy to

remember that it's negative because neither starts with an N and negative starts with

an N So you can just have that association in your brain, right? Neither negative, neither

negative NN. So that's an easy way to remember it.

So think of it as the exact same as either, but we use it in the negative. So instead

of saying that both choices are available and possible like we did with either, we're

using neither to deny those two choices. OK, they're not available. Now there's one important

change that we need to make, and this change is definitely.

Really something that native English speakers forget all what? OK, but that change is we

have to say neither noun. Do you know what I'm gonna say next? Do you put it in the comments

If you do neither noun nor nor?

Now now again, I think this should be easy for you to remember because you just put an

N in front of or right? Nor nor N negative, neither negative. So use that brain association.

I think it will be really easy for you to remember it that way neither.

Nor. OK, so let's take our original example with either and put it in the negative with

neither. So pause the video, think about that and put it in the comments. What would our

original example be with neither HM? Put it in the comments.

Of course it would be neither Mike nor John will help you. I don't know why they won't

help you, but they won't because remember neither is negative. So we're saying those

two choices are not available. So you can think of it as you have two choices, right,

John and Mike. John won't help you.

Mike won't help you. Neither Mike nor Dawn will help you. Now, the same three different

sentence structures that we saw with either are exactly the same for neither. So in that

case, it's really easy, we just change either to neither. But remember, it's.

Negative. Neither. Negative. So pause the video, think about what our original examples

were with either and put them in the comments. With neither. Did you get them in the comments?

Hopefully you did. So remember, we need to put the context and identify our nouns. So

I could still say Mike and John are in the office. They can still be in the office. But.

They're just not willing to help you. OK, so Mike and John are in the office. Neither

one will help you, right? Neither one will help you. What are the two other choices?

Put them in the comments. Neither one of them will help you. Or our third choice, neither

of them will help you. Not very nice, Mike and John, are they?

OK, so by now you feel really comfortable with either and neither, right? But let me

give you one more scenario before you go, because it's an important one. And this is

an area that I see native English speakers make mistakes with. OK, so let's imagine you're

talking to your friend and they just randomly say I don't speak French, I don't speak French.

OK, I don't.

Negative. I don't speak French. Now how can we answer this using neither? HM, I don't

speak French. What would I say as my answer? Neither do I.

Neither do I, because it's negative. I don't speak French, so I'm matching my answer with

neither, because neither is negative. OK, neither do I. Now there's a casual, a more

casual, informal way that native English speakers answer that, and we simply say me neither,

me neither. That's.

A little more of a casual way, but I say it all the time. Neither do I is, you know, the

formal way. Me neither. I don't speak French. Me neither. I don't speak French. Neither

do I. Now, I don't want to confuse you, but it is possible to answer this with either.

But it's not that common. OK, but I just want you to know that is possible. I don't speak

French.

How can I answer this with either? Do you know? If you do, put it in the comments. Bonus

points if you know this one, Put it in the comments. If I wanted to answer with either

to a negative, I would have to make either negative. Okay. I would have to say I don't

speak French. I don't either. I don't either. I don't speak French. I don't either.

In this case, there's only one possible answer, so that's definitely a possibility. It's just

not as common as saying me neither, neither do I. But remember negative statement. You

use neither to agree with that negative statement. I don't like coffee.

Neither do I. Now before you go, just one more bonus thing. OK, now imagine it was a

positive statement. OK? And my friend said I speak French. My answer would be. Me too.

Me too. So do I. So do I. So if it's a positive statement and you're agreeing positively,

we don't use.

Either. And we don't use neither. OK, so those don't exist in this situation. They're not

choices. You're doing awesome. Feel free to hit pause and take a break. And when you're

ready, let's move on to the difference between anyway anyways, anyhow, and any who. And at

the end of this lesson, there will be a quiz and you can download the free PDF summary.

Let's go.

First, let's talk about anyway and anyways. What's the difference between these two? Well,

it's very simple. One of these words is grammatically correct and the other is slang. Do you know

which one is slang? Well, anyways, with an S is slang. It doesn't exist in English as

a word.

This may surprise you because native speakers use anyways all the time. In fact, I would

say that anyways with an S is just as common as anyway, even though technically anyways

with an S is not a word in English, it's slang.

Regardless, you will hear anyways in formal situations like Ted talks or formal presentations,

even from politicians and doctors you will hear anyways being used all the time.

But remember, any way without the S anyway is the grammatically correct choice in any

situation.

Now let's talk about how to use any way and any how. They have the exact same meaning.

They're interchangeable, which means you can use any way, or you can use anyhow. It doesn't

matter. They're both adverbs, and they have three common meanings. So let's review each

meaning and we'll look at example sentences.

The first meaning we use anyway and any how to mean in any case without regard to other

considerations. For example, let's say you're planning a family dinner at a new restaurant

you want to try, but you're not sure if this restaurant takes reservations.

You might say to your family member, I'm not sure if the restaurant takes reservations.

Anyway, I'll call tonight. So this means without regard to other considerations in any case,

so it doesn't matter if the.

Restaurant takes reservations or doesn't take reservations. You're going to call. Remember

you can use anyhow and they have the exact same meaning. So I could say I'm not sure

if the restaurant takes reservations. I'll call tonight. Anyhow, notice I changed the

placement of the adverb.

The policemen can come at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence.

There's no difference between these two anyway. And anyhow are also used when you provide

a more important reason or consideration. Let's say you find out about a work conference,

but you decide you're not going to go, you could say the conference.

Is out of town. That's one reason you're not going to go. It's out of town, which means

it's not in your city or your location is in a different city or different location.

So that's one reason. But you want to provide a more important reason why you're not going

to the conference. You could say the conference is out of town and I have another meeting

that day anyway.

So the fact that you have another meeting is more important than the fact that the conference

is out of town, and we use the adverb anyway to show that with this meaning, the placement

of the adverb is also flexible and it can come at the beginning of the sentence or the

end of the sentence. So I could also say the conference is out of town.

And anyhow, I have another meeting that day. Notice it came at the beginning of the sentence,

but I put the adverb and.

To act as a transition word and anyhow so you will commonly see anyhow or any way with

a small adverb like and but so in front of it. That doesn't change the meaning in any

way, in any way and you can just get rid of it and the sentence would be the same. The

conference is out of town.

Anyhow, I have another meeting that day. The final way we use anyway and anyhow is as a

transition word to transition from one conversation topic to another conversation topic.

And this might be the most common way it's used. And this might be the way you're most

comfortable using it. And you can use any way or anyhow, it doesn't matter. And of course

you can use any ways, but remember, that's slang. So let's say you're having a conversation

with your friend and you're talking about one subject work.

You're talking about work work. Work is really busy at work right now and we need to hire

another accountant. But now you don't want to talk about work anymore with your friend,

you want to change the topic, you can say. Anyway, how was Italy?

So your friend just got back from this vacation and you want to now change the topic from

work to your friend's vacation. Works really busy now we need to hire another accountant.

Anyhow, how is Italy? Tell me about Italy.

Again, you can use any way or anyhow, but with this meaning to change conversation topics,

we most commonly put the adverb at the beginning of the second sentence, so we don't commonly

put it at the end of the sentence.

And you can still use another transition word like and so, but you're talking about work.

We need to hire another accountant. So anyway. And anyway. But anyway, how was Italy?

Now finally, let's talk about the difference between any how and any who. Any who is a

slang replacement to. Anyhow, you can use it the exact same way you use anyhow. Remember

though, it's slang. Now notice the spelling because most commonly when we use this in

a text message for example, it's spelled any.

Who? Hoo. That's because we're borrowing from the word how, and we're just changing it slightly

to who. So you may see it written as any who, but it's more commonly written as any who.

In pronunciation, there's no difference at all any who is.

Fun, light hearted, casual way to say anyhow, but keep in mind that it isn't commonly used.

Remember I said that? Anyways, even though it's slang, it's used 50% of the time. That's

not the same with any who any who isn't very common, and in fact some native speakers,

depending on the region they're from, they might not even know what it is.

And they may think you just made a mistake and you meant to say anyhow. So because it

isn't very commonly used, and because it's slang, I don't recommend using it. Now you

know how to use anyway anyways anyhow. And anyhoo, Are you ready for your quiz? Here

are your questions. Hit pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit

play for the answers.

Let's see how well you did on that quiz. Here are your answers. So hit pause, review these

answers, compare them to your own, and when you're done, hit play.

So how did you do with that quiz? Share your score in the comments below. And remember,

you can download the PDF that summarizes everything from this lesson so you can practice it and

review it. So the link to download the PDF is right there. You can go there and download

it anytime. Way to go. Let's move on and talk about as soon as and as long as.

Let's start with as soon as you can think of this as a time reference. OK, we're talking

about time, and as soon as you can, translate that to immediately after. OK, immediately

after something happens. For example, call your mother as soon as you get home.

OK, so remember we can think of as soon as as immediately after. So immediately after

you get home, call your mother. So imagine you're walking home, you open your door, you

enter your house. OK, immediately after. So the first thing you're going to do when you

get home is call your mother.

Call your mother as soon as you get home. Now it's important to keep in mind that the

structure of this is flexible. I can use as soon as to start the sentence and I can say

as soon as you get home. As soon as you get home, call your mother and they mean exactly

the same thing.

Another example. Send me that report as soon as you get the numbers. So immediately after

you get the numbers, what are you going to do? You're going to send me the report? Send

me the report as soon as you get the numbers.

And remember, we can switch the sentence structure as well. So right in the comments below, what

would be the alternative way to write this? Starting with as soon as. So pause the video

and write that in the comments below to practice. Did you get it? As soon as you get the numbers?

As soon as you get the numbers, send me the report. Now let's talk about as long as.

As long as and as soon as are very different, the only thing they share is that they both

have as and as. OK, but they're used very differently now with as long as we're offering

a condition. OK, this will make sense with an example sentence. So let me give you an

example. I'll go to the party as long as you give me a ride.

OK, so there's a condition, right? I will only go to the party if you give me a ride.

If you don't give me a ride, I won't go to the party. That's the condition. So we use

as long as. For identifying a condition, I'll go to the party as long as you give me a ride.

Now, just like with as soon as, this sentence structure is flexible as well. So think about

this. Hit pause and change the sentence structure so we begin with as long as. OK, put your

answer in the comments below. Did you get it? As long as you give me a ride, I'll go

to the party.

Another example. I'll help you with that report as long as you buy me lunch. So my offer to

help you is conditional. And I'll only help you if what if you buy me lunch, right? That's

the as long as as long as you buy me lunch, I'll help you with that report as long as

you buy me lunch.

Now again, think about changing that sentence structure. Hit pause and write the alternative

sentence structure in the comments below. Did you get it? As long as you buy me lunch,

I'll help you with that report.

To summarize, we have two great conjunctions as soon as which you can think of immediately

after something, and we have as long as which is used to offer a condition.

All right, now you know how to use as soon as and as long as confidently. Now you practice.

Make sure you write one example with as soon as and one example with as long as in the

comments below, and then change that to the other sentence structure so you get comfortable

with both of them. You're doing amazing. Let's keep going and talk about as well.

And as well as first let's talk about as well as well is used when we add an additional

piece of information, you can think of it as the same as two. So let's say your friend

says I have to go to the bank, now you have to go to the bank.

So you have to go to the bank. Your friend has to go to the bank HM so we can use as

well. So again your friend says I have to go to the bank, you can say I have to go as

well as well. So here is like saying to you both have to do the same action.

Or let's say it's early in the morning and you go to your favorite cafe for a cup of

coffee. So you order and you say I'll have a coffee. But then you notice those muffins

look delicious. So then you add and a muffin as well as well, so you can add as well. I'll

have a coffee and a muffin as well.

So we're adding as well our adverb to the end of a sentence. Notice that sentence structure,

the placement is at the end of a sentence and it's used when we're adding an additional

point, a point that complements our first point. Now, as well as is used in a different

way, the meaning is more advanced, it's more of an advanced grammar topic.

The meaning is not only Y but also X. OK, not only but also. For example, I have to

go to the bank as well as the store as well as the store. So notice not only Y but also

X.

Now notice how I'm saying not only Y but also X. It's because we emphasize X. So in this

case our X is bank and the Y is store. Now I'm emphasizing bank. I have to go to the

bank as well as the store.

Now let's compare that to a simple sentence with as well. I could say I have to go to

the store and I have to go to the bank as well. So in this case, I'm adding an additional

place I need to go. Remember, our placement as well comes at the end of the sentence.

Now the important thing to remember is in this case, I'm not emphasizing 1 action over

the other. They're equal importance. The bank, the store, they're equal. But when I use as

well as, the bank is more important. It has more emphasis than the store. I have to go

to the bank as well as the store.

Now notice the placement with as well as. We use as well as before the 2nd noun. The

store is our second noun as well as the store, but with as well. It's simply at the end,

the very end of the sentence.

One more example showing both side by side. Let's say I was at the mall yesterday and

I could tell my friend I bought a sweater and a tshirt as well. Remember as well, I'm

just adding an additional item. I bought a sweater and a tshirt as well.

Now let's say I want to identify 2 qualities that the sweater has, but I want to emphasize

one over the other. I could say the sweater is beautiful as well as comfortable. So two

items, Beautiful and comfortable. But I'm emphasizing beautiful. The sweater is beautiful

as well as comfortable.

So now you can see them side by side and understand how they're used differently. And of course

it's your turn to practice. So I want you to do the same thing. Give an example where

first you can use as well.

And then make a statement where you're identifying 2 characteristics or two items, 2 nouns, and

you're emphasizing one, and use as well as. So put your example in the comments below.

Amazing job, hit, pause, take a break if you need. And when you're ready, let's talk about

as much as as much as can be used in two very different ways depending on the context.

And you're going to learn how to use both of these ways by the end of the video. So

here we go with meaning. Number one, you can use as much as when you have two different

things and you want to say that those two things are equal in amount or degree. Let's

take a look at an example sentence. I deserve that promotion as much as she does.

As you can see in this example, we have two different things and we're talking about amount,

the amount that I deserve the promotion. And what's the other amount, The amount that she

deserves the promotion. OK, so let's say the amount that she deserves the promotion is

this much now.

If I want to use as much as remember it's equal. So she deserves the promotion this

much. I deserve the promotion this much. It's equal. I deserve the promotion as much as

she does. Let me give you another example and then I'll get you to try your own example

sentence. Okay. I could say that Jose participated in the conference.

As much as Maria did okay. So here we have amount of participation or the degree to which

Maria participated and Jose participated. But you might just want to think of them in

terms of amount. So Jose participated in the conference this much. I can't really make

it different in sizes this much.

And Maria participated in the conference. This much They're equal. Let me give you one

more example, and I'll make it an easy example that everyone can understand. You ate as much

cake as I did. OK, so we have the amount of cake that you ate, the amount of cake that

I ate, and they are.

Equal, right? Now look at the sentence structure. What do you notice that's a little bit different

here. HM you ate as much cake as I did. So notice here I've added in the something. So

ate is a verb, right? But if I want to specify ate, what?

If I wanna add the something, look at the placement here. As much something as. OK,

so that's when you're including a noun, and the purpose of that just would be to specify

8 what?

I could leave out Cake, I can leave that something out and I could simply say I ate as much as

you did. Now, the only difference here is that I'm specifying Cake, right? But if Cake

is on the table, it's obvious based on context that we're talking about Cake. I don't necessarily

need to include that in the sentence, but I wanted you to be aware of that sentence

structure when we include a something.

So now you know how to use the first meaning of as much as and. Remember we have two things

and they are equal in amount or degree. So now it's your turn to practice. I want you

to think of an example using as much as and put your example in the comments. I think

you can have a lot of fun thinking of an example for this one.

So put your example in the comments. Did you get it in the comments? OK, great. Now let's

move on to meaning #2 as much as in our second meaning. You can think of it more in terms

of, although regardless of.

Or despite how much? That probably doesn't give you much information, does it? So as

always, it's easier to just see this in an example. I could say, as much as I want to

stay, I have to go notice here as much as is at the very beginning of our sentence.

OK, as much as I want to stay.

I have to go now. You can think of this as although, although I want to stay, I have

to go now. What does this mean? Basically, we can think of them as two individual sentences.

I want to stay. I have to go.

OK, those are two individual sentences, and then we're just combining them together using

as much as at the very beginning. There is an easy way that this will make sense for

you, and that's by using. But you're most likely familiar with. But is one of the first

transition words that students learn, so you can think of this as.

I want to stay, but I have to go. That could be one way that you combine these two sentences

into one using the transition word. But OK and notice there's a contrast here. I want

to stay. That's a positive, right? I have to go. That's a negative. So when we use but

there's always a positive and a negative.

Now we're using as much as in exactly the same way is simply the sentence structure

that's changing here. So remember, we're using as much as at the very beginning of the sentence.

As much as I want to stay, I have to go. Another example. As much as I'd love to help you,

I can't.

Now, this is a very common way that we may decline to do something politely. I'm letting

you know I want to help you. I can't help you. So we have that contrast right? A positive.

I want to help you, but then we have a negative. I can't help you. So we could combine those

sentences with but I want to help you, but I can't.

That might be the more familiar structure to you, so this is just an alternative way

to form that. And I'll be honest, it does sound more advanced using this structure.

Now remember, as much as at the very beginning, as much as I want to help you, I can't. So

when you hear as much as you know that, there's going to be a contrast.

So when someone says as much as I want to help you, even if they don't say the end part,

I know they're not going to help me because that's how we use as much as is with a contrast.

So just keep that in mind. It can be a polite way to decline doing something. For example,

you could use it as a polite way to decline an invitation to a party. Your friend invites

you to a party and you can say.

As much as I'd love to go, I can't. So as much as I'd love to, that's the positive,

right? I want to go to the party. But then the negative is I can't. I'm busy, I have

to work, I have a deadline. I don't have a way to get there. Whatever the reason is,

as much as I'd love to go, I can't. So that could be a polite way to decline an invitation.

So now you try try using this advanced structure where you need a contrast. OK, and remember

that placement as much as is going to be at the very beginning. So pause the video. Now

if you need, think of your example and then leave it in the comments. This is definitely

an advanced structure that's going to make you sound very fluent and very advanced in

English. So you need to practice this and I'm really excited to read your example in

the.

Comments. So make sure you take the time to put your example in the comments so you remember

how to use this structure. Let's keep going. This is your last section. Let's talk about

as adjective as this is a very common structure and we use this structure when you're comparing

2 things.

So when I say two things, we need 2 nouns and they can be any nouns and we're comparing

them using an adjective or an adverb. Now we use as adjective as when the two things

that you're comparing are equal. Let's take a look at an example now. First of all, we

need two things.

So let's just take a look at 2 houses. I could say that this house is as big as this house.

So in this example sentence, what's my adjective? Write the adjective down in the comments.

OK, what's the adjective?

Big of course. Big is our adjective. Now remember, we use the structure when the two items are

comparable. But what if they aren't comparable? What about these two houses? Now in this case,

I can simply make my verb negative. So let's take a look at our original sentence.

So remember, this was our original sentence when the houses were comparable. Now they're

not. So what would I need to change in this sentence to make it negative? Put your answer

in the comments. I hope you know this one. I'm sure you do. So I would simply need to

take my verb and make that negative. And in this case, I'm using the verb to be. So I

would say this house.

Isn't as big as that house. So in positive form you're using the structure when two things

are equal, but you can still use this when two things are not equal, but you need to

make the verb negative. Let's take a look at another example. So I need two things.

I'm going to use two cars. I can say this BMW is as fast as this Lexus. So here, what's

my adjective? Put it in the comments. What's the adjective fast?

Now, of course we can use any adjective we want. So let's think of some other examples

of adjectives. What other adjective could you use instead of fast? Hmm. What do you

think? Anything come to mind? Put an example in the comments. Think of another adjective

you could use.

Well, I could talk about money and say that this BMW is as expensive. Expensive is the

adjective that deals with money. This BMW is as expensive as this Lexus. Perhaps I could

say this BMW is as nice as this Lexus. So what adjective did you use in the comments?

Now of course, if these two cars are not comparable in terms of speed, then I can simply make

our verb negative and I can say this BMW isn't as fast as this likes this, And again, I can

use any adjective.

All right, so now it's your turn to practice. I'm going to give you 2 images and I want

you to form a positive sentence using as adjective as. So here are your two gardens. Gardens.

Now what sentence could you use? This garden?

This garden. So take your time, as much time as you need. Think about an adjective and

put it in the comments below. Make sure you do this. You need to practice this. Did you

get it in the comments? So of course the first adjective that came to my mind was beautiful.

We can also have pretty colorful, lush, well maintained.

And maybe some other adjectives. So I'm looking forward to seeing what you had in the comments.

Now as a final exercise, I want you to take your example and make it negative. OK, that

should be pretty easy for you by now. So using beautiful, I would simply say this garden

isn't as beautiful as that garden.

Now I wanted to make this video because in a previous lesson I covered as much as and

in the comments I noticed that there were some questions or that there was some confusion

and students were using as much as when they should have been using as adjective as.

For example, let's take out this comment from my awesome student Buddha. Now, Buddha wrote

this example but had a couple question marks at the end, so Buddha wasn't sure. And it's

good that you guessed or that you weren't sure because there is something a little bit

off about this comment. So Buddha said you are beautiful as much as me HM.

Now here we definitely need the as adjective, as we use as much as when we're comparing

to amount. But in that case, with as much as there isn't an adjective involved, you're

simply dealing with the verb. OK, so you can review that video on as much as but here in

Buddha's comment.

How can we take this comment and change it so it's grammatically correct, using as adjective

as so HM. Take as much time as you need and then put your answer in the comments. So were

you able to correct Buddha's comments here? The correct comment would be You're as beautiful

as me, you're as beautiful as me.

Because we need to use our as adjective as structure in this case. Now of course we could

make this negative, but I'm not going to because that wouldn't be a very nice thing to say,

so I don't want to make it negative.

now in the comments. And if not, what adverb would you use? I'm sometimes on time, I'm

usually on time, I'm rarely on time or I'm never on time.

So let us know in the comments which one best describes you. Now let's talk about in time.

In time simply means that you have sufficient time. So you can think of it as to have enough

time, enough time to do something, to do what you want to do, or to do what you need to

do. But the real difference that you need to keep in mind is that there is.

Isn't a scheduled start time? OK, so let's imagine, let's imagine that I need to buy

some eggs. OK, because I'm going to make a cake, so I need to buy some eggs. Now. It

will take me 15 minutes to drive to the store and then 5 minutes to get my eggs.

So the amount of time I need is 20 minutes. Now let's say that the store closes in 25

minutes. So I don't have a lot of time, right? But remember, there isn't a scheduled time

that I need to get to the store. I don't have an appointment at the store to buy eggs, right?

So that's the thing, there isn't a.

Scheduled time, But I need a sufficient amount of time to buy my eggs before the store closes.

So maybe I could say, Oh no, I'm not going to get there in time. I'm not going to get

there in time. Because remember, I need 20 minutes to complete this task.

But the store closes in 25 minutes. Of course it's going to might take me a little bit longer,

right? So I might be concerned, Oh no, I'm not going to get there in time. It's like

saying I don't have enough time to do what I want to do. But let's say thankfully there

was no traffic at all and I got there in 15 minutes.

Then I could say who I got here in time. I got here in time. It's not on time because

there isn't a scheduled event. It's in time simply because it means I have enough time,

sufficient time.

To do.

What I need to do buy eggs before the store closes.

So it's a very subtle difference, right? And I think the easiest way for you to know which

one should I use is just remember on time is for a scheduled event. If you have a meeting

that starts at a scheduled time, an appointment, a class, anything like that, then you would

use on time.

And if you're just talking about having enough time, sufficient time, then you use in time.

The best way to feel confident with these is really to practice. So I want you to leave

2 examples for each, Two examples for on time and two examples for in time. Put them in

the comments below and that way I can review them and if I see any mistakes then I can

correct them and address them. So now you know the difference between on time.

And in time. Are you ready for your quiz? Here are the questions. Hit pause. Take as

much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

How?

Did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and let's

continue on to the next group. Now let's talk about the difference between a fact and a

fact. A fact.

Is this a noun or a verb? Put it in the comments below noun.

Or verb.

Did you get it? Are you sure? Do you know which one? A fact?

Is a verb.

OK, verb it's an action word, so brain association affect action affect.

Action. That can be an easy way for you to remember that. OK, so now I'm going to make

this very easy for you. Put it in the comments. Effect. Is that a noun?

Or a verb.

What do you think?

Put it in the comments. Well, of course, if all fact is a verb, then effect is a noun.

So really, right there. Boom. You know the difference? Because like I said, if you know,

if one's A verb and one's A noun, then based on sentence structure only one of them can

be used. But let me give you some examples so you can really see the difference. And

then at the end I'm going to show you how you can actually use effect and.

Effect in the same sentence. And this does happen more than you would.

Think.

So let's start with.

A.

Fact. Like I said, a fact is a verb. So for sentence structure, something affects something.

That's really the structure that you need to remember. So let's see before we go any

further, if you can think of an example sentence using.

Affect.

Put it in the comments. Pause the video if you need. Put that example sentence using

effect in the comments below. Did you put one in the comments? OK, here's mine. The

dry weather affected.

The crops.

Remember our sentence structure? We have something. What's the something? Put it in the comments.

What's the something? The dry weather, Right. That's our something. Something.

Affects something the dry weather affected the.

Crops.

So the other something is Put it in the comments. It's the crop. So we have something affects

something. But what do you notice about effect in this sentence? It's a verb, right? So what

verb tense is this sentence in?

What verb tenses this in? Put it in the comments below. The dry weather affected past simple,

so we know this is a completed action in the past, and that's what you mean to remember

with affect.

Because it's a.

Verb. It's going to be conjugated in different structures based on the context of the sentence.

Now, because a fact is a verb, I can take this sentence and put it in the present simple.

For example, I can put it in a different verb tense, which simply just changes the meaning.

So pause the video if you need and think about what would this sentence be in the present

simple. And when you have your answer, put it in the comments below.

So take your time, pause the video if you need the dry weather affected the.

Crops.

What would that be in the present Simple? Do you have it? It would be.

The dry weather affects.

The crops.

Did you get that as yeah, I made it really dramatic there. Obviously you wouldn't say

that in real situation, but just so you remember effect.

Is a.

Verb The dry weather as a subject would be what it right it affects.

The.

Crops.

So we.

Need to remember to conjugate our verb and in the present simple we add an S to ** *** it

verbs OK the dry weather affects.

The.

Crops.

So it's important for you to remember that effect is what a noun or a verb? Put it in

the comments.

It's a verb, and because of that it needs to be conjugated according to the time reference

and according to the subject as well. Now let's move on to effect. Effect is what a

noun or a verb? Put it in the comments.

The fact is a noun, and you can think of it as.

The result?

Of something. OK, because remember, nouns are people, places or things. So in this case

it's like a thing is the result of something. It's a a thing. It's a noun effect. And remember,

because it's a noun, it could have an article.

Or it could be singular or.

Plural.

Those would be our choices with a noun. So let's take a look at an example. I could say

the effect.

Of the.

Dry weather was devastating.

The.

Effect. OK, I'm starting my sentence with the noun, The effect.

Of notice that sentence structure, the effect of something. The something is the dry weather.

The effect of the dry weather was devastating. So here, because it's a noun, I need my article

in front of it the the effect. Another example I could ask did this policy have any negative

effects?

So notice here what's different about the noun? I made it plural, right? And I'm not

using an article. In that case. Did the policy have any negative effects? So were there any?

Results of the.

Policy and were any of those results negative?

Now, just for fun, let's take a look at a sentence.

Using.

Both effect and effect. The side effects of this medication can negatively affect your

liver. So pause the video if you need and think about this example so the side effects.

There we're.

Using it as a noun, and that's a very common way we use this as a noun, talking about side

effects or the effects of something. Like in our previous example, the side effects

of this medication can negatively affect your liver. And of course here something affects

something, so it's really the side effects.

That affect your liver as the something. So this really isn't that uncommon of a situation

to see affect and effect in the same sentence. So it to summarize, remember a fact is what?

A noun or a verb? Put it in the comments. A verb and effect is, Put it in the comments.

A noun. So that should be a great trick to help you instantly know which one you need

to use. Now let's end by going back to my original e-mail that I was reading. So remember

I wrote Do you think this could have it? So what do you think in this example? Do I need?

Effect or effect? Do I need a noun?

Or a verb.

Put it in the comments below. Pause the video if you need think about it and then put it

in the comments. Do you think this?

Could have.

Affected it because I need a verb. Something affects something, and of course this verb

is conjugated according to the sentence.

All right, so now you know the difference between a fact and effect. This is an advanced

topic and you're going to need to practice and review this. So why don't we start now?

Put in the comments below an example sentence with a fact.

And an example sentence with effect and bonus points. Major bonus points if you can think

of an example sentence that uses both affect and effect. Are you ready for your quiz? Here

are the questions. Hip pawns take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit

play to see the answers.

How did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below. And

let's continue on to the next group. I see lots of mistakes with this next one. Let's

talk about the difference between borrow and lend. Now let's go back to my original question

for you at the beginning. Hey, can you borrow me your car? What do you think about this

sentence? Can you borrow me your car?

Do you think that this sentence is correct or incorrect? Put your answers in the comments

so you can say right or wrong, thumbs up, thumbs down, yes or no. Whatever you need,

put your answer in the comments.

Hey, can you borrow me your car?

Did you get your answer in the comments? OK, this is what I hear quite a lot from students.

Even.

Really.

Advanced students, but I have to break it. To you, that's incorrect, and to a native

speaker, it's like, what bore?

Me.

It does not sound good. It's because the sentence structure is incorrect. OK, so while I'm explaining

the difference between Boro and Len, you really need to pay attention to that sentence structure.

So let's start with Boro.

Now when you use borrow you need to understand.

That.

You're the one receiving the.

Item.

Let's compare that to lend. When you use lend, you're the one giving the item. Now let's

take a look at the sentence structure. With borrow, you borrow something.

You borrow something. This is why my original sentence sounded so weird. It might not sound

weird to you, but trust me, to a native speaker that just sounds like nails on a chalkboard,

because that's not the sentence structure. You do not borrow someone. OK, when I said

can you?

Borrow me your.

Car.

Can you borrow me your?

Car.

That's incorrect sentence structure, but there's a really easy fix. All you need to do is get

rid of the someone because it's Boro something, right? So to make my original sentence correct,

what would I need to do? Now remember, with Boro you receive so as a question it would

be can.

I.

Borrow your car.

Because I'm the one receiving the.

Car.

So can I borrow?

Your car.

Can I?

Receive your car? Temporarily, of course, so let me know in the comments. Can I borrow

your car? So now it's your turn to practice. Borrow. OK, so let me start you off with the

beginning of the sentence.

Can I borrow? We're going to use this as a question form, so put in the comments. Can

I borrow And fill in the blank? So you need to identify this something. It could be anything.

Can I borrow your cell phone charger? Your pen? Your earrings? Can I borrow $50? It can

be anything. Put your example in the comments to make sure you practice this structure.

Now let's compare the sentence structure with lend.

This is.

Why these two are confused because with lend you lend someone something. So with lend we

have the someone identified. OK, so perhaps I'm feeling really generous and I say to you

I can lend you my car this weekend.

I can lend you my car this weekend because remember with lend.

You.

Give. So I'm giving my car. That's as a positive statement. I can lend you lend someone something.

I can lend you my car this weekend. All right, So now it's time for you to practice.

Lend.

Now.

With.

Lend as an offer is going to be as a positive statement I can.

Lend you?

And then we need to something. We can change our subject, right? It could be she can lend

you. She can lend him.

My boss can lend my coworker. We can play around with those subjects OK, but make sure

your sentence structure is subject lend someone something. So put your example in the comments

to practice. So what are you going to offer to lend me? I'm excited to find out.

Now, one important note before we wrap up, let's go back to my beginning sentence, which

was incorrect. Can you?

Borrow.

Me, your car can.

You borrow me?

Your car.

So that sentence is incorrect. But there's another way we can change the sentence to

make it a question. And that question would be can you lend me?

Your.

Car can you lend me?

Your car.

So notice although.

Lend means to.

Give notice that subject right? Can you lend me?

So although lend means to give, you're the one giving and I'm the one receiving, right?

So in that case, can you lend me your?

Car.

Is exactly the same as.

Do you know what I'm?

About to say, it's exactly the same as. Put it in the comments if you do, huge bonus points

if you get this.

Can you lend me your car? Is exactly the same as can.

I borrow your car.

So you may need to pause the video and think about it, because you need to keep in mind

the direction of who's giving, who's receiving, and you need to pay attention to that sentence

structure as well. So that's a final exercise you can do.

Before you.

Leave in the comments.

Write your own example using the two different questions, although keep in mind that they

mean exactly the same thing, so try that out and see if you can get that as well. Are you

ready for your quiz? Here are the questions. Hit pawns. Take as much time as you need,

and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

How?

Did you do with that?

Quiz. Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and let's continue on to the

next group. You're doing awesome. Let's continue on and review compare to and compare with.

Now first, let's talk about the verb. Compare to compare as a verb this.

Means.

To identify the similarities and or differences between two things.

There are two prepositions.

That you can use compare to or compare with. So let's start with compare to. As for sentence

structure, you compare something to something. Remember compare is a verb, so you need to

conjugate it with your subject and time reference.

When you compare something to something, it means that you're examining 2 things to identify

their similarities. You're focusing on how A is similar to be, You're looking at A and

B and you're trying to see how are they alike, what are the similarities. That's how we use

compare.

To.

So for example, I could say many people are comparing this election.

To the one in 1968. So we have the election in 2020 and the election in 1968. So you're

putting them side by side and you're doing that so you can see how are these similar,

what are the commonalities, what is the likeness between these two?

Now let's talk about compare with. The sentence structure is exactly the same, we're just

changing the preposition. So you compare something with something. In this case, you have your

two things A and B, and you put them side by side to look at their similarities and

Oregon differences, but with a focus on the differences. So you're trying to see how are

they different.

What does A have that's different from B? HM. So that's more what you're doing when

you compare something with something. So I could also say, thinking about our last example,

I could say let's compare this candidate.

With this.

Candidate OK, so we have candidate A, Candidate B I'm going to put them side by side, but

this time I want to see how they're different. What is this one doing that this one isn't

doing? HM?

Or are they different? So that's all you need to know. Compare to focus on similarities,

compare with focus on differences. Now here's the thing native speakers generally don't.

Follow this rule.

I'll be honest.

I don't follow this rule, OK?

And when native speakers don't follow this rule?

We.

Just use them interchangeably so I don't think about whether I'm comparing similarities or

differences.

And compared to two is the more common preposition. Interestingly, in the past, like many many

years ago, with was the more common preposition and they used it.

For both.

But now in modern usage of English, I don't know why, but it's more common just to use

to.

And there's.

Most.

Native speakers.

Don't.

Use a difference between it. OK, I don't like I said so whether or not you actually want

to follow.

This rule I'll leave.

It up to you, but I don't.

And most the people.

That I know don't either. In fact, I don't really know anybody that.

Does follow this rule?

But since it was a question, I wanted you to know by definition in a textbook what the

answer is. And this is a great example of how we have textbook English, which is quite

rigid and very strict about usage of words and language. But then we have real English,

everyday English, which is a lot more.

Flexible and I use everyday English. I don't use textbook English and I always encourage

my students to use everyday English as well. So ultimately the choice is yours. But regardless,

why don't you try 2 examples in the comments below, One with compared to, you can focus

on similarities, one with compare with you can focus on differences. And then why don't

you just do a third example where you're using them interchangeably?

And I recommend using compared to because that's the more common choice. Are you ready

for your quiz? Here are the questions. Hip pawns take as much time as you need, and when

you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

How did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below, and

let's continue on to the next group. This next one confuses a lot of native speakers.

Let's talk about the difference between compliments with an I and compliment with an E Now, first

of all, you need to know that there's no difference in pronunciation. OK, so if you're using this

in spoken English.

It doesn't really matter which one you use because they sound exactly the same. But in

written English there's a difference. OK, so just keep that in mind. Now these two words

have very different meanings. Let's start with compliment. Compliment is a verb. OK

to compliment.

And for sentence structure, something complements something. Now remember, it's a verb, so it

needs to be conjugated according to the sentence. What does this mean? It means to add to something.

Or to complete something, or simply to go together nicely. Here's a really easy example

for you. When I am doing my makeup, I think when I'm choosing my lipstick color, I think

you know what lipstick would complement.

My shirt, for example or when I'm picking out a.

Shirt.

I might think what shirt would complement my pants?

Which?

Combination of things go nicely together. Does this lipstick add to my shirt? Does it

complement it? Or does it take away from my shirt? And in that case it doesn't complement

it. So that's a very easy example if you're a guy probably picking out a tie.

What tie would complement the shirt you're wearing? Now, let's take a really fun example.

Here we have.

A delicious.

Piece of apple pie, My favorite pie flavor. Now think about this. OK, thinking about our

definition to add to to complete to go nicely together. What do you think would complement

this apple pie?

There's no right or wrong answer. What you think would complement this pie could be very

different than what I think. But do you think there are other food items or beverage items

that could complement this piece of apple pie? Put your answer in the comments. What

complements this apple pie?

Remember, it's a verb, so you need to conjugate it accordingly when you put your example in

the comments. So stop. Pause the video if you need, and put it in the comments. What

compliments this apple pie? Well, many things could. The first thing I thought of was ice

cream. Ice cream? Definitely compliments.

Apple pie, in my opinion. You may disagree. And that's OK. Whipped cream compliments apple

pie. Now, I've heard many people put a piece of cheese on apple pie and they think that

cheese really compliments apple pie. That's one that's for me a little bit. I don't know,

it sounds a little weird, but lots of people think that cheese compliments apple pie. Now

thinking about beverages, Maybe a cup of coffee or tea or.

And hot chocolate. Hot apple cider could complement this apple pie. A glass of milk could complement

this apple pie. Lots of different options could complement this apple pie.

So now you know what complement with an E means. So put an example sentence in the comments,

pause the video and think of an example sentence. And remember, our structure is something complements

something, and it's a verb, so you need to conjugate your verb accordingly. Pause the

video, Put your example in the comments.

Now let's talk about complement with an I. This can be both a verb to complement and

a noun. A complement or complements. The meaning is completely different than complement with

a E They don't relate to each other at all. OK, so they're completely separate words.

Compliment with an eye. You can think of them as kind words of praise or approval. So if

you write in the comments, hey.

Jennifer, awesome video. You can pause.

Right now and write that in the comments.

Do it. Just do it. OK. It's part of the.

Example. So pause the video and write.

Hey Jennifer, Awesome video.

Right there, you just complimented me. Notice you just complimented me. Is that a noun?

Or a verb.

What do you think? Noun or verb? Put it in the comments. You just complimented me.

Well, it's a verb, and you can probably identify that it's a verb because it's conjugated in

the past. Simple. You just complimented me because you just did the action right. It's

completed. You wrote in the comments. You complimented me. I could also say you complimented

my video. I could say that as well. And this simply means.

You.

Offered me words of praise, words of approval and kind.

Words.

Now if I'm walking down the street and you see me, you say, hey, I really like that sweater

you just complimented me. You complimented my sweater. Or if I smile and you're like

Jennifer, you have such a nice smile. You just complimented me. OK, so all these small

little nice words.

Those.

Are compliments. Those are compliments.

Right there. Did I use it as a noun or a verb? Those those kind words, those are compliments.

Here, it's a noun. OK, So as a noun, it's a thing. Like that word of approval, that

word of praise. It's a thing. Now, of course, you can compliment somebody's smile, their

hair, their earrings, their clothing, things like that, but in a workplace?

Hopefully you're going to offer compliments. Now, hopefully you're going to offer compliments

based on their work, based on their performance, right? So anytime you're a coworker or your

employee does a good job, you can pay them a compliment.

Pay.

Them a compliment. You can also give them a compliment.

Those are two.

Verbs that we use interchangeably with the noun, so you can.

Give.

Someone a compliment. You can pay someone a compliment. OK, so let's say you're in a

meeting and your coworker gives a presentation. At the end of the presentation, you can say

that was a really amazing presentation. You did an awesome job.

Right.

There you just.

Gave your coworker a compliment. OK, you paid your coworker a compliment. Those two sentence

structures are interchangeable, and they're using the noun form. Now. You can also use

the verb form.

So pause the video and think. How could I take this example and change it into the verb

form? HM what do you think? Write it in the comments below. How could I take this and

change it into the verb form to compliment? Do you have it?

You.

Just complimented your coworker. You complimented their presentation. You complimented them.

So in this case you need to remember that the meaning is very different between complement

and complement and also how you use them, because complement with an I can be used as

both a verb and a noun. So I want you to get comfortable with both of these forms. So pause

the video and write in the comments an example with the noun and the verb. So why don't you

tell us the last time that?

You gave someone a compliment and the last time that you complimented someone using this

theme sentence in both a noun and a verb form. Are you ready for your quiz? Here are the

questions Hip pawns. Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play

to see the answers.

How did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below and

let's continue on to the next group. Lots of students make mistakes with the next pair.

Let's review Elder and older. Both of these are used to talk about advanced age when making

a comparison.

So in order to make that comparison, we need two people. One needs to be younger and one

needs to be older, older. So let's take Don and Ed, and let's say that Don is 15 and Ed

is 18. So of course Don is younger and Ed is older. Now let's say Don and Ed are brothers.

So Don, Don speaking, and Don could say.

Ed.

Is my older brother my older brother using older to make that comparison between the

ages and is to describe what type of brother he is now. Don could also say Ed is my elder

brother technically.

Technically Don can say this, but if Don is a native English speaker in North America,

Don is not going to say that because although according to a dictionary and a grammar rule,

you can use elder to replace older in a comparison between two people to talk about their age.

We.

Don't do that, OK? To me it sounds awkward, it sounds unnatural, and it's not something.

I hear. So my recommendation to you is to use older. Even though elder is grammatically

correct, I still want you to use older because it will help you sound more natural. Now we

can also make a general statement and say Ed is older than dawn. So notice here I'm

using older than. That's a comparative adjective. Olders are adjective than.

We have our comparative adjective.

Ed is.

Older than dawn. Now in this case I cannot say grammatically, I cannot say. Ed is elder

than dawn. We don't use elder than. It doesn't exist as a comparative adjective, and that's

according to grammar as well. So you might be wondering if I'm telling you.

Don't.

Use elder when you're talking about ages between 2:00.

People, when can you use elder? Should you ever use it? Well, there is one specific case

that we commonly use it in North America, and that's using elder as a noun. A noun OK,

not an adjective as a noun. And elder and elder would be 1 and elders would be a group.

They are senior citizens.

Senior citizens and using the name Elder sounds respectful. It sounds like a nice thing to

say. It's certainly more polite than describing them as old people, right? Just describing

them as elders. It's a sign of respect, and it's very polite. But we use this for senior

citizens. Now, honestly, my definition of a senior citizen is probably about someone

who's 80 or older.

80 or older. Why? Because I think in today's modern world, people are working well into

their 70s. So maybe previously you'd be considered a senior citizen at 70 or maybe even 65. But

I don't see that in this modern world. When I see a 70 year old, I see somebody who's

still working, still traveling. When I think of elder, I think of like grandmas and grandpas

sitting.

In a rocking chair, Like knitting. OK, so in my mind, as someone who's about 80 or older,

so we have an expression. It's just like a common saying, always respect your elders.

I heard this all the time when I was growing up as a kid. Always respect your elders. And

keep in mind, elders as a group, as a noun. Remember, just senior citizens, people who

are 80 plus, this isn't.

People in your direct family. So it's not just talking about my grandmother, my grandfather

or anything like that. My great uncle, great great uncle. No, it's about any senior citizen,

OK? It doesn't have to be.

Related to you.

So when we say, like always, respect your elders. I imagine if I'm on a bus, for example,

public transportation and an elder.

Enters the bus, Gets on the bus. I would give my seat to that elder person. Why? Because

that's how we respect our elders. Or same thing if I was in a grocery store, I would

let the elder.

Person go in front of me, but remember that is 80 plus senior citizens. So that's an expression

that we have always respect your elders. So let me know in the comments, is that an expression

that you have in your country? I'm sure it's a universal concept. And what's something

that you do to respect your elders. So for me, I always open doors, I let them go ahead

of me in lines. I even offered to carry their bags if they look heavy.

Things like that. I always try to help out elders. What about you? What's something you

do now? So that's how I would recommend using elders to refer to a.

Group.

Of senior citizens. And to summarize, when you're just talking about your brother or

you know a family member that is a more advanced in age, use older, don't use elder. You'll

sound more natural. So now you have everything you need.

To use these two confidently, so feel free. Leave two comments below, one with older,

one with elder. I I already told you how to use elder. Give us an example of how you respect

your elders. Are you ready for your quiz? Here are the questions. Hip pawns take as

much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

How did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below and

let's continue on to the next group. I get questions a lot on the difference between

employ, employer, employee and employment. Let's review these. Now let's start with employ.

This is a verb. To employ as a verb, of course, you need to conjugate it with your subject

and your time reference. Now what does this mean?

Well, you need to understand the sentence structure of how to use this verb and someone

or something like a company, someone employs someone and when that someone or something

like a company employs someone, that means that they pay them money in order to do.

A job.

That's what the verb employee means. So let's look at some examples. I could say the company

employs many students.

Now you might think, oh, as a student, they're just doing the work for free. Volunteer work

or it's an internship. No, it can't.

If you use.

The verb employ there has to be money exchange for work, so it isn't volunteer, even though

that person is a student. If a company employs them, it means they're paying them to do that

job.

Another example, you could commonly ask how many people does your company employ? How

many people work at your company and receive money in order to?

Do that work.

Employee is a noun.

You.

Are most likely an employee.

If you.

Work for someone else, whether it's a company or an individual, and that someone pays you

money to do the work, then you're an employee. You're not an employee if you own your own

business and you work for yourself, for example. But if you work for someone else or a company,

of course then you're an employee.

Now as an example, you can ask the same question that we asked before using the verb employee.

But this time you would ask how many employees? How many employees does this company have?

Because now we know an employee is someone who works for a company and is paid for it.

How many employees does this company have?

Or another example, the company gave every employee a raise. So every person at that

company that receives a paycheck, they gave them all a raise. All their employees got

a raise.

Now let's talk about employer. I hear many students, even sometimes native speakers confuse

employee and employer. All you have to remember is employee is the one getting paid and the

employer is the one paying the employee. OK, so employer that's like the boss, it's the

company. Employee is the one working at that company and getting paid.

So you can think of it as an employer is a company or a person that employs people now

that you know what the verb employee means. For example, let's say you're going to a job

interview and they say to you, HR says to you we need a reference from your last employer.

Your last employer, so the last person or company that employed you. Notice how all

these words are coming together.

Or another example, and this could be a great example sentence that you leave in the comments

below. So just think of this. I could say the government is the largest employer in

my city. And this is true because I live in the capital and in the capital, that's where

all the official government business takes place. So the government is the biggest employer

in my city the government employs the most.

People. So all the employees, they're employees.

Of.

The government see how it's all coming together now. Finally, employment, employment. You

can think of this more as a concept. It's a noun and it's the concept of paying someone.

For work.

But as a concept, we talk about it more in terms of employment rate, employment level.

So you'll see employment used in a lot of statistics. For example, they might say right

now employment levels are at an all time low, So employment levels, that's simply the number

of people employed now Also they talk about unemployment.

Unemployment, unemployment, of course are the people that are not employed are not working

for money, right? So you might say the unemployment rate in my city is really high. So the number

of people who are not employed.

So now you know how to use employ, employee, employer, and employment. So definitely it's

your turn to practice. Try writing four sentences, leave them in a the comments below, and then

feel free to leave a fifth bonus sentence and see how many you can use in one sentence

because they all relate together.

So you might need to watch this video again. Are you ready for your quiz? Here are the

questions. Hip pawns, take as much time as you need. And when you're ready, hit play

to see the answers.

How did you do with that quiz? Make sure you share your score in the comments below and

let's continue on to the next group. You're doing so awesome. Our final pair is the difference

between income and revenue. First of all, you only need to know this if you own a business

or if you're interested in business topics.

Because if you're an individual who works for a company, if you're an employee, you're

employed by a company. All you need to be concerned about is income. Revenue does not

apply to you. OK, but you might be interested to know about the revenue that your company

generates. But an individual does not generate revenue. A company generates revenue. So just

keep that in mind. So for an individual, let's say you were.

Work for a company and you're just concerned about the money in your pocket. As an employee,

what is income? Income is how much money you make from all sources. All sources. OK, So

what does that mean? All sources? Well, let's say that you are a full time employee. OK,

And let's say you have a salary and you make $75,000 a year.

But in addition to your full time employment, you're also an artist and you like to paint

in your spare time. But twice a year you go to art shows on weekends and you sell your.

Art.

You don't consider this a job because you love painting. It's just a hobby of yours.

But your paintings are really wonderful and people want to buy them. So you go to these

art shows and you sell your paintings twice a year, and from those art shows you make

$20,000 from your art. So your income.

Is not just the money you get from your employer. Your income is all sources of money that you

receive. So of course your employer is probably going to be the most important income source

I imagine, but if you have any sort of hobbies that you generate money from.

Even if you.

Have a garage sale and you make $1000. Technically that's still your income. You sell a bike

and you make 100 bucks. You would include.

Include that in your total income. So your total income is the money you make from all

sources. Now let's go back to the concept of revenue versus income. But remember, this

is something that only applies to businesses, small businesses, large businesses. It doesn't

matter any type of business. So in a business, revenue is the money generated from all sales.

So let's say a company has five different products and each of those products generate

some money and then you Add all of those together and that company generates $25 million that

year. That's the revenue, the money generated from all sales. Now what's income in a company?

Income is the revenue, which we just learned, the revenue minus the expenses. That leaves

you with the income.

So let's say you.

Generate that $25 million. But to do that you needed to spend $10 million in advertisement.

So your revenue is $25 million, but your income is your revenue minus your expenses. So your

income is $15 million. Now just in case you're wondering, that is also referred to as net

profit. That's just a little bonus expression for you.

So there you have it. That's the difference between revenue and income. So now is your

return to practice. Why don't you leave 2 examples in the comments below, 1 using revenue

and when using income? Are you ready for your quiz? Here are the questions. Hip pawns, take

as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

In this lesson, you're going to learn 50 common phrasal verbs that will help you sound fluent

and natural in English. Because this is a long lesson, I've divided it into five different

parts. So first, you'll complete a quiz, then you'll learn the phrasal verbs in detail,

and then you'll complete another quiz to make sure you really understand these phrasal verbs.

And then you'll move on to the next group of.

Of verbs. Let's get started. Question one. I really because my new kitten is so cuddly

now. I'll only give you 3 seconds to answer the question. So if you need more time, hit

pause, Take as much time as you need. I really lucked out question two if we.

The deal now, we'll lose our deposit if we back out of question three. Your presentation

is only 10 minutes, so make sure you don't, you don't ramble on question four. We only

have two days to fix all these errors.

I don't know how will how will pull it off. Question 5 All travelers have to the COVID

rules and regulations have to abide by Question six. I once saw Brad Pitt in a restaurant,

but I.

And couldn't even say hello, but I clammed up. Question 7, if everything will finish

the project tomorrow if everything pans out. Question 8 The meaning was so long and boring

I'm surprised I didn't.

I didn't nod off question nine. It just that tomorrow's our anniversary. It just dawned

on me and Question 10. The proposal looks good, but let's take the afternoon to before

we decide.

To Mull it over now, if you want more support to help you feel comfortable and confident

using phrasal verbs, you can join the Finally Fluent Academy. This is my premium membership

program where we study native English speakers and you'll learn the most common phrasal verbs,

idioms, and expressions. And you'll have me as your personal coach to answer any questions

you have and to give you feedback so you can look in the description for the length.

To join the Finally Fluent Academy today. So how did you do with that quiz? Was it easy?

Difficult. Share your score in the comments below, and now I'll explain every phrasal

verb in detail #1 to abide by. This is more of a formal phrasal verb because it's used

when you accept or follow a rule or regulation.

So we use it mainly with government rules, court rules, even business rules as well.

For example, as a tourist, you have to abide by the rules of the country you're visiting.

So if you see a sign that says no parking, you have to abide by that rule. You have to

follow that rule.

Now remember, we also use this to say you simply accept, you accept, but then you follow

it. For example, let's say you go to court because of a dispute.

And the court doesn't rule in your favor. You still have to abide by that decision.

You have to accept it and then follow it. So this is a more formal phrasal verb, but

it's very useful because we all have to abide by many different rules, regulations, and

policies.

#2 to dawn on. This is an excellent phrasal verb to add to your daily vocabulary. To dawn

on is when you finally realize or understand something. For example, one day it just dawned

on me that I need to change careers.

So one day I just realized I need to change career. So you can absolutely say realize

we're just using the phrasal verb dawn on and it's extremely common now.

Notice the sentence structure here. It dawned on me. Something dawns on someone. So the

IT is the realization. It dawned on me that I need to change careers. So just keep that

in mind because the sentence structure is commonly used with. It dawns on and then someone.

#3 to pull off This is also a must know phrasal verb. When you pull something off, you're

able to do something that is difficult or unlikely to do. For example, let's say you're

a wedding planner and a couple comes to you and tells you they want to have this huge

300 person wedding in three weeks.

And they want you to plan everything. That's really difficult and it might even be unlikely

that you're able to plan a 300 person wedding in three weeks. So you could say, I don't

know if I can pull that off. I don't know if I can do that because it's very difficult.

I don't know if I can pull that off the that being planning the 300 person wedding. Now

let's say you do successfully plan the wedding after you could say I can't believe I pulled

that off. I can't believe I pulled off planning a 300 person wedding in only three weeks.

#4 to back out of This is an excellent business phrasal verb. It's used when you fail to keep

a commitment or a promise. Now, in a business context, A commitment could be.

Something you agreed to or arranged to. It can be formal and you have a contract in place,

or it could be more informal and you just agree to it verbally. So if you don't keep

that commitment then you back out of it. For example, I can't believe the client backed

out at the last minute.

Now notice here I just said backed out. I didn't use the of. We only use the of when

you specify the noun, the something. I can't believe the client backed out of the agreement,

the project, the plan, the proposal at the last minute.

#5 to clam up. This is an excellent phrasal verb for all of you or anyone that does public

speaking, because when you clam up, you're unable to speak, usually because of fear or

nervousness.

But this can also be used if you simply refuse to speak for whatever reason. For example,

I always clam up when I'm public speaking. When I'm public speaking, I become unable

to get the words out. You clam up. Now my advice to you is if you feel like you're going

to clam up, just take a deep breath.

Number six to Mull over. When you Mull something over, you think about it, or you consider

it, and the something you're mulling over is simply an idea, an idea, a proposal, a

suggestion. And you Mull it over. You think about it. You consider it. So let's say you're

in a meeting and a client or colleague suggests a new tool to use.

And you need to think about it. So you could say, give me a few days to Mull it over and

I'll get back to you to Mull it over. the IT being using the tool, purchasing the tool,

whatever you're going to do, give me a few days to Mull it over. Now you can also specify

the noun and you can say I need to Mull the deal over before I commit.

#7 to pan out. This is an extremely common phrasal verb. To pan out simply talks about

how a situation develops. For example, I'm not sure how this merger will pan out. So

the situation here is the merger.

And we're talking about, well, how's the merger going to go? How's it going to develop? Will

it be positive, will it be negative? Will there be challenges or difficulties, benefits?

That's how the situation develops. So here I'm saying, I'm not sure, I'm not sure how

the merger will pan out. Now let's say the merger had some difficulties or challenges.

You could say the merger didn't pan out, didn't develop, the merger didn't pan out as we had

expected.

#8 to ramble on. This is an excellent one for all you public speakers because when you

ramble on, you talk at length without getting to the point. So let's say I rambled on for

5 minutes trying to explain the definition of ramble on and at the end.

You didn't understand it at all and you're confused. You're a little annoyed because

I wasted your time. I rambled on. So this is used as a negative, and it's used when

you're communicating an idea. So we generally use this as a complaint. The speaker rambled

on for 20 minutes #9 to nod off.

This is when you fall asleep, but is when you fall asleep, usually for a very short

period of time, and usually when you're not supposed to. So this isn't when you go to

bed at the end of the night. OK, so let's say you're in a meeting at work and your colleague

is rambling on, and the topic is very boring and you start doing this.

That is nodding off and this motion of your head, what I'm doing, this is the verb to

nod, nod your head. So when you fall asleep, what do you do? You nod your head. So that's

where this phrasal verb to nod off comes from.

And remember, we use this for short periods of time, usually when you're not supposed

to fall asleep, for example when you're driving. So I might say I always listen to loud music

when I'm driving at night, so I don't nod off.

And #10 I love this phrasal verb to lock out. When you lock out, you're very lucky in a

specific situation. So let's say there's this major sale on the new iPhone model, and they're

selling for 50% off, and you go to the store and you get the very last one.

You could say I can't believe I lucked out and got the new iPhone for 50% off. You lucked

out. You were very lucky in this specific situation. Or let's say you're driving during

rush hour and you're going to an appointment and you get a parking spot right in front

of the office.

In rush hour downtown, you can say I can't believe I lucked out and got such an amazing

parking spot. Or if you're telling that story to a friend, I got this parking spot right

in front of the building downtown. During rush hour, they could say, wow, you really

lucked out. You really lucked out by getting that parking spot.

Now that you feel more comfortable with the phrasal verbs, let's do that exact same quiz

again so you can see how much progress you made. So here are the questions. Hit, pause,

take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

Here are the answers. Hit pause and compare your answers to the correct answers. Question

one, she's not. She's just really good at basketball. She's not showing off. Question

two, it's hard to meditate when my kids keep.

When my kids keep barging in question three, We've been friends for 20 years. I'm not going

to let this, I'm not going to let this come between us. Question four, It's amazing how

fast the company after the pandemic.

The company bounced back. Question five, I need to call the garage. My car's been all

week. My car's been acting up. Question 6. His speech didn't. The urgency of the situation,

His speech didn't get across.

Question 7 just can close any deal we can. We can count on her. Question eight, I can't

give you the day off tomorrow, but I can by letting you leave early, I can make it up

to you.

Question nine they said the price is too high but give them a week they'll they'll come

around. Question 10, my boss always makes me stay late. I don't know why I I put up

with it.

How'd you do with the quiz? Share your score in the comments below. And don't worry if

it was difficult, because now I'm going to explain every phrasal verb in detail. Number

one, to come around to an opinion or an idea, and this means to change your opinion or to

see a new point of view. Now notice the sentence structure, because we have two prepositions

around.

And two and then after two we need something. We need a noun, an opinion, or an idea. For

example. I came around to the new job after I heard about the benefits package. So remember,

this means you changed your opinion so previously you didn't want the new job.

But now you've come around to it, so you've changed your opinion. Now you want the new

job because you heard about the benefits package. We commonly use this without the preposition

to and without specifying the something when the something has already been mentioned.

For example, at first I didn't want to move to Boston, but I came around.

After I visited SO, notice I didn't say I came around to something because the something

had already been mentioned. So I came around to the idea after I visited #2 to get across

a point or a message.

And this is when you clearly and effectively communicate a point or a message. For example,

make sure you get across that the project is over budget. So if you're having a meeting

with a client and your boss has this very particular message or idea.

The project is over budget and your boss wants you to communicate that in a clear, effective

way. Your boss wants to make sure you get that across. Now we also use this when you're

talking, You're talking, you're talking and the ideas aren't really coming out very well.

And after a while you stop and you say what I'm trying to get across is.

And then you state your point. What I'm trying to get across is the project is over budget

#3 to show off. This is when you deliberately display your skills or abilities in a way

to impress other people. Now this is frequently used in the negative. Don't show off, don't

show off.

But there's definitely a time and a place when you want to show off. For example, when

you're going to a job interview, you shouldn't be modest. You should show off your skills

and abilities. You should talk about all your awards, your accomplishments, your degrees,

the compliments you've received. You want to show off all of your experience to the

interviewer.

So an interview is the perfect time to show off. Also, if you're going for your IELTS

exam, you don't want to be modest with your knowledge of the English language. You want

to show off your abilities by using a range of grammatical structures and a range of phrasal

verbs and idioms and expressions you want to show off.

To the interviewer.

#4 to count on.

Now this is exactly the same as to rely on or to depend on. So you have three different

phrasal verbs all with on that mean the exact same thing. And this

is of course when you trust someone or something to complete a specific task or objective.

For example, I can always count on Selma to stay late.

So you can trust Selma to complete the specific task or objective, which is to stay late and

remember you could replace this with rely on I can always rely on Selma or depend on

I can always depend on Selma. Now we frequently use this in a question response. For example,

can I count on you? Can I count on you to close the deal?

And then you can reply back and say absolutely you can count on me #5 to come between now.

This is when something disturbs a relationship, and that relationship can be a professional

relationship, a social relationship, romantic family relationship. It can be any kind of

relationship. For example, Jacob and Marcus were best friends.

Until Sylvie came between them. So that's the image you could have. They were close,

Jacob and Marcus, but then Sylvie came between them and now they're divided. Sylvie disturbed

their relationship. Now it's very common for a girl or a guy to come between.

A relationship. But it doesn't have to be a person. It could be that Jacob and Marcus

were very close, but the promotion came between them, the new job came between them, their

family came between them, their politics came between them, their religion came between

them. It could be anything.

Came between them. Money is a good one as well that comes between people in relationships.

And remember you can use this in any type of relationship. Number six to put up with

something or someone. And notice this is A to preposition phrasal verb put up with, put

up with. And we use this to say that you tolerate.

Bad behavior or unwanted behavior to put up with. For example, I don't know how you put

up with your boss. I don't know how you tolerate your boss. Now of course, we can be more specific

and specify the action that the boss does. I don't know how you put up with your boss's

constant criticism.

For example, or your boss's distasteful jokes, for example. I don't know how you tolerate

it. Now. We commonly use this to say I'm not going to put up with and then the behavior.

I'm not going to put up with your constant criticism any longer #7 to bounce back.

Now to bounce back, this is when you recover or recuperate. Now you can use this when you

recover from a negative situation in a business context, like for example a bad sales quarter

or a bad product launch for example. But it can also be when you recover or recuperate

from an illness, so you can use it in both those.

Situations, for example, in a workplace situation, you could say, I don't know how we'll bounce

back from our loss in Q2, so I don't know how we'll recover. And then you could have

a discussion how can we bounce back. Does anyone have any ideas on how we can bounce

back?

Now, in terms of recovering or recuperating from an illness, you could say it took me

a while to bounce back after my surgery, so it took me a while to recover recuperate #8

to act up. This means to behave badly or strangely.

This is very commonly used with parents describing the actions of their young children or even

their older children. My son keeps acting up, behaving badly, but we can also use this

with devices and objects. For example, my computer keeps acting up.

Behaving strangely. My computer keeps acting up. I hope it doesn't break #9 to make it

up to someone. This is quite a long one, so pay attention to this sentence structure to

make it up to someone. Now we use this when you try to compensate for a wrongdoing.

For example, let's say it's your best friend's birthday and you can't go for whatever reason.

So this is the wrongdoing not going to your best friend's birthday party. Now if you want

to compensate for that wrongdoing, you could say I'm so sorry I can't make your birthday

party. I promise I'll make it up to you. I'll make it up to you by.

Taking you out for a nice dinner. I'll make it up to you by going to the movies with you.

I'll make it up to you by buying you a really nice present. So those are the ways you're

going to compensate. Now you might be wondering what is this it the make it up to someone.

We use it with it because.

What you're trying to compensate for has already been explained, so you don't have to say it

again. Now you can use this in a business context. Let's say you went over budget on

a client's project and you might say to your team, how are we going to make it up to the

client?

How are we going to compensate for our wrongdoing? The wrongdoing is you went over budget and

then maybe someone would suggest we can make it up to them by offering a discount or offering

a free product offering an extra service. So those are how you're going to compensate

for the wrongdoing, to make it up to someone #10 to barge in.

When you barge in, you enter a place a location unexpectedly, and you interrupt whatever's

taking place. For example, I was in my office working and this kid just barged in and handed

me his CV, but later I hired him.

So by saying the kid barged in, it implies that he didn't have an appointment. He wasn't

expected. He just barged in unexpectedly and he interrupted whatever I was working on.

But in this case it was successful because he got the job.

Now that you understand these phrasal verbs a lot better, let's do that exact same quiz

from the very beginning. Again, here are the questions for the quiz. You need to complete

each sentence using the correct phrasal verb. So go ahead and hit pause now and complete

the quiz. Here are the correct answers. Go ahead and hit pause and see how well you did.

Question one, you've been arguing for months, you need to, you need to make up. Question

two, I said we need to diversify our product line and I and I stand by that.

Question three, I always have a cup of tea at night to help me after a busy day to help

me wind down. Question four, my girlfriend is studying abroad and I'm really and I'm

really aching for her.

Question 5. Your suit doesn't look comfortable. Why don't you something more comfortable?

Why don't you slip into question six? It's getting late, so I'm going to. I'm going to

turn in question 7. Salma took this job to.

Her accounting experience to beef up Question 8. Have you Who's going to give the presentation?

Have you nailed down Question 9? Sometimes it's easier to a trained professional to open

up to.

Question 10 The party was fun, but I when they started talking.

About politics. But I zoned out. So how did you find that quiz? Was it easy? Was it difficult?

Don't worry, because I'm going to explain every phrasal verb in detail, and it will

definitely be easy by the end of the lesson. So let's do that now. Ache for to Ache for.

This is a very.

Nice romantic phrasal verb.

Now we really.

Use this in the context of a romantic relationship, so make.

Sure you.

Use.

That appropriately.

And to ache for something or someone is when you really.

Really want that something or someone. For example, he was lonely and aching for.

Love. So this is perhaps a little more of a poetic phrasal verb. You will probably hear

it in novels, stories, movies, TV. He was aching for love, so maybe you won't use that

in your vocabulary, but you'll likely hear it.

In romance movies or romance novels.

Now you may be more likely to use ache for someone. Let's say your husband is overseas

on a business trip and he'll be gone.

For two or three weeks.

You might say I'm aching for my husband, so if you're talking to your friends or family.

Even your colleagues.

You could say, oh, I'm really aching for my husband. He's been gone for two weeks already

#2 to beef up. This is a.

Fun one, when you beef something up, you make it stronger or more important. Now we do use

this in the context of bodybuilders and they can beef themselves up become.

More muscular, so you can use that in a fitness context, but we also use this in more of a

business context, perhaps surprisingly, because you might say I need to.

Beef.

Up my resume. I need to make my resume stronger, or, more important, I need to beef up my communication.

Skills.

For example #3 to make up.

And in this context, we're talking about to make up with someone, with someone. To make

up with someone is when you forgive someone after an argument or a dispute in a family

context, young.

Kids argue a lot, right?

And.

Older kids, too.

But you might say to your son, your daughter.

You need to make up with your.

Sister, you need to make up with your brother. You need to.

Make up with.

Your cousin or a friend and you?

List.

A specific person, which means you need to forgive that person, stop being angry at that

person, stop fighting with that person.

So we definitely use this in a social context of family context. But you can absolutely

use this in a professional context. Co workers fight as well. There are disagreements and

companies. So you might say to 1 coworker Sally you need to make up with Mark. You work

on the same team you.

Have to get.

Along you need to make up with.

Each other #4 To nail down this is when you understand the exact details of something

or you get a firm decision on something. So let's say you're planning a conference and

you have a general idea of the conference. It will take place in summer. It will be on

this general topic or theme.

But when are the exact dates? What specific topics? Who specifically will be the keynote

speaker? Who specifically will be presenting? Who will you hire to cater the conference?

You need to nail down those details, so you need to either understand the exact details

or you need to make a firm decision on who's going to cater when the conference will exactly.

Take place, so that's a very useful phrasal verb.

And you can use it in a business context or a social context #5 to open up when you open

up to someone.

You talk very freely about your feelings or your emotions, things that make you quite

vulnerable, things you probably don't share with everybody. For example, after years,

she finally opened up about his death. So for many years there was this tragic death,

perhaps, and she didn't really talk about it. She didn't talk about her feelings.

About the death.

But then, after year, she opened up. She started talking freely about how she felt, the circumstances,

how she's dealing with it, those types of things. Her inner feelings and emotions. Now

notice I didn't use to someone. I could say she opened up.

To.

Her family.

About his.

Death. So you have about and then the specific topic.

And two, and the specific people you'll commonly hear people say, I've never opened up to anybody.

Like.

This before if someone says that to you, they're basically saying they feel very comfortable

around you. They feel like they can share their inner thoughts, feelings, emotions,

and that's a very positive thing it shows you have.

A very close.

Relationship number six to slip into something.

Now this is when you quickly put on a piece of clothing, so.

This is a very specific phrasal verb. It's only used.

With clothing now, for example, this shirt is.

Quite pretty, isn't it? But.

Let's be honest, it's not the most comfortable shirt. So after I'm done recording this video,

I'm going to slip into a tshirt I'm going to put on.

A tshirt.

Or if it's.

First thing in the morning and you're in.

Your housecoat, but then you hear your doorbell.

You might quickly slip into some sweatpants and answer.

The door.

So it's simply another way to say put on #7 to stand by something. When you stand by something

it's used to.

Show that you still support or believe.

Something, so I might say we still?

Stand by our opinion that interest rates need to increase. So that's my opinion. That's

my belief. Interest rates need to increase. I stand by that. I still support that. I still

believe that.

So you'll hear this a lot from people in power, politicians, executives in business. They'll

have an opinion, have a belief, and then they'll state, I stand by that to let you know they

still believe that specific opinion.

Do you stand by that? And if so, why? I stand by that? Yes, I stand by that. And the reason

simply is.

Now we also.

Use this.

With stand by someone, When you stand by someone, it means that.

You.

Support someone, usually when something negative has happened.

So let's say that your coworker was accused of.

Stealing from the company. But you know your coworker didn't do it. You might say. I stand

by her, I stand by her.

Which means you're going to support.

Her in this difficult time.

#8 to wind down. To wind down. This is an excellent phrasal verb because it means to

relax after a busy or stressful day. So.

You might say I always read.

At the end of the day, to wind down, to help me wind down. I always read at the end of

the day or I go for a walk after work to wind down. So it just means to relax.

That is another way of saying it, and it implies that you were very busy or stressed out to

wind down #9 to zone out. This is when you stop paying attention for a short period of

time. Now we've all done this.

Especially when we were kids in school and your teachers talking and you just zone out.

Now, generally, people zone out because they don't have interest in a particular topic.

For example, whenever people talk about sports, I zone out, I just stop listening and I start

thinking about something else in my own head and I'm not listening to the conversation

about.

Sports.

I zone out. I stop paying attention, but then when the conversation changes, I'll pay attention

again. So it's always for that short period of time.

#10 to turn in. This is a very useful phrasal verb because it simply means to go to bed.

It's another way of saying to go to bed, and it's very common. So of course you can say

I'm tired, I'm going to bed, but you can also say I'm tired, I'm going to turn in, I'm going

to turn in, and it's extremely commonly used, so I.

Suggest you use it. You can use.

It as a suggestion, hey, it's getting late and you have that job interview tomorrow you

should turn in. You should.

Go to bed.

Or you can use it in question form as well. What time did you turn in what time?

Did you go to bed?

Now that you're more comfortable with these phrasal verbs, how about we do that exact

same quiz again and you can see how much.

You've improved SO.

Here are the questions, of course. Hit pause. Take as much time as you need, and when you're

ready, hit play and I'll share the answers so you can go ahead and hit pause now.

How'd you do on that?

Quiz. Well, let's find out. Here are the answers. Go ahead and hit pause.

And figure out how you did. Question one. I used to play video games every day, but

eventually I grew out of it. Question two Do you know why? Sarah of the meeting earlier

today?

Walked out of the meeting. Question three Can you add mustard to the shopping list?

I just. I just used it up. Question 4 You should your old books to your community store

you should give away. Question 5, the bridge is.

Because there was an accident, the bridges blocked off. Question six, my boss said we

can with canceling the contract, we can. Go ahead. Question seven, my company using cell

phones during work hours.

My company frowns on question eight. I'm sorry I at you during the meeting I overreacted

last out Question 9. Can you help me this error sort out question 10. The presentation

was really long so I for a bit.

So I wandered off. So how did you do with that quiz? Was it easy or was it difficult?

Well, now I'm going to explain every phrasal verb in detail. Number one, to block off.

This is when you obstruct an exit to prevent people from leaving. This is a very common

phrasal verb because on your daily commute to.

Work. You may have to take a detour, which means take an alternative route because your

regular exit is blocked off. So let's say you get to work 15 minutes late. You can say

sorry I'm late, Main Street was blocked off.

Then most likely that street or exit is blocked off because of construction. Is also possible

that there was an accident, or perhaps there's something like a parade or a protest that's

preventing people from using that exit #2 to lash out. When you lash out, it means you

react.

Angrily, you react with very strong negative emotion. So this phrasal verb is negative,

and it's used in a negative way. So you might say she lashed out when I suggested a different

approach. So you shared an opinion and the person reacted very negatively. Very angrily,

they lashed out.

Now for this phrasal verb, it's very common to say at someone. She lashed out at me when

I suggested a different approach. The at someone is optional. You don't need to do it, but

it can be very useful to specify who. So if you want to specify the person, then we use

at.

Someone she lashed out at gym, she lashed out at us. It could be the entire group. She

lashed out at the client and then you can explain the reason why she lashed out at the

client because the payment was late #3 to walk out. When you walk out, it means you

leave a place.

Angrily. So we have another phrasal verb with angrily. You leave a place angrily. So let's

say you're meeting with your boss to discuss your performance. Now, maybe you were expecting

a 20% raise. A raise is a pay increase, a 20% pay increase. But your boss only offered

you 2%.

You might say, after my boss offered Me 2%, I walked out. So you left the room, You left

the office, the meeting. But you didn't just leave, you left angrily, angrily. That's the

key here. So combining our last phrasal verb to lash out, to react angrily, we can say

after she lashed out at me, I walked out.

#4 To sort out this means to resolve a problem. Now we can use this with a business professional

problem. For example, let's say your payment processor isn't working and you can't accept

payments. You might say we need to sort this out ASAP. We need to resolve this problem.

ASAP or.

Who can we call to sort this out? So you can absolutely use this in a rofessional business

context when there is a problem. We commonly use this with.

Personal issues with relationship issues when you have a problem with another person. So

let's say you and your sister haven't spoken in months because of a disagreement. Maybe

your sister lashed out at you and then you walked out of her birthday party and you haven't

spoken since.

Well, someone might suggest some ways you can sort it out. You need to sort it out with

your sister. You need to resolve the problem, and in this case the problem is a personal

problem. So this is a great phrasal verb to use for a business context and a personal

context #5 to use up.

This is when you finish or consume 100% of something, so all of something. And that's

very important because I could say I used the olive oil, so I consumed the olive oil,

but when I just say use, it doesn't tell you how much. How much olive oil did I use? I

use the olive oil.

But if I say I used up the olive oil, then you know I used 100% of the olive oil. So

there is none left for you or for someone else and you have to get more. So I could

say I used all the olive oil.

When I say all the olive oil, all means 100%. So that is exactly the same as I used up the

olive oil number six to wander off. This is when you leave a place when you're not supposed

to, or you leave a place without telling other people.

Now this is commonly used with children, so a mother might say, I have to watch my daughter

like a hawk or she'll wander off. So little kids.

They might not stay in a room, they might wander off and go into another room but of.

Course that can.

Be dangerous if nobody is watching that child. So this is commonly used with young children,

but we can also use it with adults. So let's say you're on a museum tour and you're in

a foreign country on a museum tour. Now you're supposed to stay with the museum tour. You're.

Not supposed to wander off and just go look at other areas of the museum, but you might

say the tour was boring, so I wandered off #7 to grow out of this is when you lose interest

in something. So to lose interest you're no longer interested in something because.

You're older or more mature. For example, a lot of young kids play video games for hours

and hours and hours, but as an adult you might grow out of it. So you no longer do that.

You no longer play video games for hours and hours and hours because you're older. You're

more mature #8 to go ahead.

This means to proceed. This is a very useful phrasal verb. We use it commonly to give someone

permission to do something. So your coworker might ask you, is it OK if I send the e-mail

to the client and you can say sure, go ahead, go ahead.

Which means proceed, proceed with sending the e-mail, go ahead. Now you can just say

go ahead. Or you can specify what the action is. You can say go ahead and send the e-mail

or go ahead with and we need a gerund go ahead with sending the e-mail.

And send the e-mail with sending the e-mail. So pay attention to that sentence structure

#9. To give away this means to provide for free. So this is a great phrasal verb.

For me, I could say I give away my best tips and advice on how to become fluent right here

on this YouTube channel. Now let's say you have a lot of items from your kids, but your

kids are grown up now, but you have a lot of their clothes, their toys, even furniture

for your kids. You might want to give that away so you can provide it.

To another parent or someone else for free. We gave away all our kids clothes when they

moved out. So when you want to get rid of something in your house, you can sell it or

you can give it away, provide it for free and finally #10 to frown on this means to

disapprove of something.

So you might say my boss disapproves of casual clothes. So you can say my boss frowns on

wearing casual clothes. Notice our sentence structure frowns on wearing. We need our gerron

verb. Now that you feel more comfortable with these phrasal verbs, how about we do the exact

same quiz again so you can see how much you've improved?

Here are the questions. Hit pause. Take as much time as you need, and when you're ready,

hit play to see the answers. Here are the answers. Hit pause. Take as much time as you

need. Compare your answers and when you're ready, hit play. Question one. We should the

party with some karaoke.

We should kick off question two. You don't need to your team. I've heard great things

about them. Talk up question three, make sure your team doesn't while the CEO is here. Horse

around question four, it really.

When Jeremy took credit for my work, ticked me off Question 5. He's been since he lost

the contract, moping around Question six. We're on a tight budget, but we have enough

to to get by.

Question 7. The expense reports have been, since Sarah left, piling up. Question eight

I've learned to my mother when she gives me relationship advice, tune out. Question nine.

She used to be very serious, but she's a bit.

Loosened up question 10 my boss is going to when she learns we lost the account, flip

out. So how did you do with that quiz?

Don't worry if it was difficult, because now I'm going to explain every phrasal verb in

detail. Let's get started. Number one, to tune out. This is a very useful phrasal verb

because it's used to say you stop listening to someone, you stop paying attention to them

because you don't like what they're saying, basically, So you tune someone out.

This is something that kids do all the time with their parents, right? If your parent

is giving you advice and you don't want to hear it, you just tune them out. So your parent

is talking but you're just not really listening. So you might say, I always tune out my mom

when she gives me relationship.

Advice now this can also happen a lot in a.

Workplace situation, let's say.

The coworker that sits beside you is just a very negative person and complaints a lot.

You might just simply tune them out so you.

Stop listening to them, because you don't.

Want to hear all that negativity and complaining? So you just tune them out. They're talking,

but you're not listening #2 to tick off. This is a useful one because it means to annoy,

to anger, or to irritate.

Now we use this in two very specific sentence structures. It ticks someone off. It ticks

me off when my coworker doesn't help. So it ticks someone off. And then you explain the

situation. That causes the anger, the frustration, or the irritation.

Now the other sentence structure is just to say someone or something Ticks me off. John

really ticks me off. He's so negative. John really irritates me, frustrates me, annoys

me. John really ticks me off. He's so negative. But I just tune him out. Number three to talk

up and you talk someone or something up.

And that means you speak in a way that makes that someone or something sound really beneficial,

really positive, really amazing, maybe even more so than the reality. So let's say you're

in sales and you're trying to sell this piece of software to a company. Well, you're going

to talk up that software. You're going to talk about that software in a way that really

highlights all of its positive features.

And you probably won't mention any negative features. You're going to talk it up or let's

say that.

You're.

Really close friend applied for a job in your company? Well, you're probably going to talk

up your friend. You're going to speak about your friend very enthusiastically, very positively,

because you want your friend to get the job. You're going to talk up your friend.

#4 to pile up. This means simply to increase in amount, and we generally use this with

work. So in general you could say work is really piling up. Work is increasing in amount.

You can use this with specific work. So you might say my expense reports are piling up,

or even with household chores you might say the laundry is piling up.

The Dirty dishes are piling up. They're increasing in amount #5 to mob around, to mob around.

This is when someone moves from one location to another. But they do it in a very unhappy

way. A lazy way. A disappointed way.

And it's generally because something is wrong. Something specific is wrong. So maybe they

just lost their job, or they just broke up with their girlfriend. So they move around

the house all day. They go from the couch to the kitchen back to the couch.

But they look really upset and lazy and no energy, so this isn't really a positive thing.

We generally say stop moping around. You need to stop moping around and start looking for

a job. If that's the reason why you're moping around because you lost your job, stop moping

around and look for a job.

Number six, to loosen up. This is a great one. It means to be more relaxed, more comfortable

or less serious. So you might say she was very shy at first, but then she loosened up,

so she became more relaxed, more comfortable.

Now, we often use this as advice to someone. If someone is just being too serious, you

might say loosen up, loosen up. It's similar to saying relax a little, relax a little,

loosen up. You need to loosen up. Oh, just loosen up.

#7 to kick off. This is a great one because when you kick something off it means you start,

but we use this in the context of a sports event.

A meeting, a conference or even a party. So some sort of event with people. So when sports

is very common to say the game the match kicks off at and then you say the time the match

kicks off at 3, the game kicks off at 7 and that's just when the game starts.

Now you could also say, let's kick off the meeting by and then you can explain how you're

going to start the meeting. Let's kick off the meeting by introducing the new CFO or

let's kick off the meeting by sharing the good news.

#8 This is a fun one to horse around when you horse.

Around.

You behave in a silly or noisy way. So basically what children do all the time, they horse

around, but you might say.

The kids were horsing around and they broke my favorite vase. Now, although this is commonly

used in children, it can of course be used for adults as well, because adults act in

silly and noisy ways all the time, right? Even in workplace context. So you might be

talking about how your team is constantly horsing around.

And as a bonus, you can also say goof around. It's an alternative, but they're both very

commonly used, so horse around or goof around #9 to get by. This is when you have just enough

money.

To.

Live on, but not very much extra, so you can basically pay all your bills and that's about

it. So you might say sense.

Our twins were born. It's been more difficult to get by. You have two new babies in the

house. Well, first, congratulations. But of course, that's very expensive. So now you

only have enough money to pay your bills to buy the food, buy the diapers, buy the groceries,

pay your mortgage, things like that. We're getting by, we're getting by. You're just

surviving.

So if someone knows you're going through a tough time financially, maybe you lost your

job and they ask you, how's it going? Is everything okay? You could say, well, I'm getting by,

I'm getting by, which lets them know you're surviving, you have enough to pay all your

core expenses, and finally #10 to flip out. Now this can mean to become very excited.

But it can also mean to become very angry or agitated. So it's when you have a very

strong emotion, but that emotion can be positive excitement or it can be negative anger.

And it will be obvious based on context. So if you just won a competition or a prize or

the lottery, you might flip out and become very, very excited, right? The sports team

flipped out when they won the gold medal.

Or the team flipped out when they lost the game. The team became very angry. So you can

use it in both situations. And for this expression you can also say freak out, freak out, flip

out. They mean the same. And again, positive excitement or negative anger.

So now that you're more comfortable with these phrasal verbs, how about we do that exact

same quiz again so you can see how much you've improved. So here are the questions. Hit,

pause, take as much time as you need, and when you're ready, hit play to see

the answers.

Here are the answers. Go ahead and hit pause and figure.

Out how you did.

Amazing job with this lesson. Now make sure you get your FREE

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