TWO HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - Learn English with the NEWS And Improve Your Fluency

82,596 views

2023-03-21 ใƒป JForrest English


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TWO HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - Learn English with the NEWS And Improve Your Fluency

82,596 views ใƒป 2023-03-21

JForrest English


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Welcome to JForrest English Training. I'm Jennifer and today you're going to learn English
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JForrest่‹ฑ่ชžใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ‹ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใŠ่ฉฑใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™
00:05
through stories. We're going to review for different news articles. And through this
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚น่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ
00:11
review, you are going to learn a lot of advanced vocabulary, Advanced grammar and even correct
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ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ‚’้€šใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅคšใใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช ่ชžๅฝ™ใ€้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„
00:19
pronunciation. Let's get started.
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็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™. ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:24
As you can see, we're talking about the new movie Avatar the way of water. So this is
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ใ”่ฆงใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ ๆ˜ ็”ป Avatar the way of water ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹. ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
00:32
the title of the movie Avatar, the way of water. Now, let me read the full headline
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€Œใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ๆฐดใฎ้“ใ€ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:39
Avatar, the way of water passes, 1 billion dollars out the global box office. That's
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ใ€‚ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ‘ใ‚นใฎ้“ใ€ ไธ–็•Œใฎ่ˆˆ่กŒๅŽๅ…ฅใฏ 10 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
00:46
a lot of money, right? This is the short form for billion. So let me write that out for
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ๅคง้‡‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ 10 ๅ„„ใฎ็œ็•ฅๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
00:53
you.
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ใ€‚
00:54
You billion now.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠๅ„„ใ€‚
00:57
Have you seen the original Avatar movie? I have not seen the original. And to be honest,
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ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ๅŽŸไฝœใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€
01:05
I probably won't see this one either, because I don't really, like, Sci-Fi movies too much.
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็งใฏ SF ๆ˜ ็”ปใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
01:09
What about you? Let me know in the comments if you seen the original, if you've seen this
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸๅ ดๅˆ
01:14
one, or you're excited to see this new movie. All right. Let's continue on with our article
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ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:20
Avatar. The way of water has made 1 billion dollars at the global box.
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ใ€‚ ๆฐดใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€ใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒใƒซ ใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใง 10 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็จผใŽใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
01:27
Office in, just 14 days, becoming the fastest film to pass the Milestone this year. Let's
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Office inใ€ใ‚ใšใ‹ 14 ๆ—ฅใงใ€ ไปŠๅนดใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ‚’้€š้Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€้€Ÿใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
01:37
look at this here. The Milestone, this is a noun, and this is noun. This is an important
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ่ฉžใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใช
01:48
event and it can be in business or in life, in general. So what could be a milestone for
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ใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใงใ‚‚ไบบ็”Ÿใงใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚Šๅพ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆใฎใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
01:57
you?
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?
01:58
You an important event in your life. The first one I think of is probably graduating graduating
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไบบ็”Ÿใฎ้‡่ฆใชใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใ€‚ ็งใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๆ€ใ„ใคใใฎใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅญฆๆ กใ‚’ๅ’ๆฅญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
02:03
from school, graduating from University. Getting married having a baby those important events
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ใ€ๅคงๅญฆใ‚’ๅ’ๆฅญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ตๅฉšใ€ๅ‡บ็”ฃใ€
02:11
in one's life. So you could say, graduating was an important milestone for me. So notice
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ไบบ็”Ÿใฎไธ€ๅคงใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅ’ๆฅญใฏ ็งใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใชใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
02:22
here, I'm starting my sentence with what? What
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ใ€็งใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
02:27
Is this grammatically? I'm starting my sentence with a gerund, a Jaren, and this acts, as
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ็งใฏๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ€ใƒคใƒฌใƒณใงๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:34
the subject of my sentence and we do this, when we're making a general statement, graduating
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็งใฎๆ–‡ใฎไธป่ชžใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใจใใ€ๅ’ๆฅญใฏ
02:41
was an important milestone for me.
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็งใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใชใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใงใ—ใŸ.
02:46
Now you could use it in business as well. We might say let's set a milestone to double
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠๅนดใฏๅˆฉ็›Šใ‚’ 2 ๅ€ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
03:00
our profits this year. So in this case, it's similar to a goal and the verb that we use
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ็›ฎๆจ™ใซไผผใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€้‡‘ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€
03:08
with gold is you set a goal that's just simply when you make a goal but we don't say
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ๅ˜ใซ ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ—ใŸใจใใซ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒ
03:15
Make a goal, we say set a goal and you can set a milestone as well. So, pay attention
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ใ€็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
03:21
to that verb choice, and this is the same thing as saying, a goal and notice when you
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ใใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ธๆŠžใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’
03:28
reach a goal, you can also pass a milestone, which is another way of saying exceed. So
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้”ๆˆใ—ใ€็›ฎๆจ™ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใŸใจใใซใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ‚’้€š้Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ถ…้Žใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
03:37
they did more than 1 billion dollars, they passed it. So, the milestone for the
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ 10 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซไปฅไธŠใ‚’้”ๆˆใ—ใ€ ๅˆๆ ผใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใฏ
03:45
Film was 1 billion dollars and they passed it. They went beyond it.
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10 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้€š้Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:51
All right, so obviously a very successful film. Let's continue on. The long-delayed
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ้žๅธธใซๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใŸ ๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅคงใใ้…ใ‚ŒใŸ
03:59
sequel has proved a hit with audiences despite wildly varying reviews.
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็ถš็ทจใฏใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€่ฆ–่ด่€…ใซใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒ่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ .
04:09
So a sequel is when there's the original movie, I don't know if you remember, but there was
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็ถš็ทจใฏๅ…ƒใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
04:15
an original Avatar movie, many years ago. And a sequel is when they create another movie.
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ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใซๅ…ƒใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ. ใใ—ใฆ็ถš็ทจใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅˆฅใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚
04:25
So it's part one is the original and then part 2 is the sequel and in the sequel, they
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ1ใŒใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใงใ€ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ2ใŒ็ถš็ทจใงใ€็ถš็ทจใงใฏ
04:33
continue the story. So you can think of it as
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐ
04:38
Easily, I'll just say part 2, or it could be two or more. They can have more than one
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ใ€ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ 2 ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ€ 2 ใคไปฅไธŠใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ็ถš็ทจใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใ
04:45
Sequel and that is a continuation continued. Asian of the original movie, it could be a
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็ถ™็ถšใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…ƒใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฎใ‚ขใ‚ธใ‚ขไบบใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
04:58
TV, a TV show as well.
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ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ€ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็•ช็ต„ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
05:05
Now notice here has proved has proved prove is one of those verbs that actually has two
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ใ“ใ“ใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ“ใ“ใง่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ ่จผๆ˜Ž ใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ3็•ช็›ฎใฎๅฝขๅผใงๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹2ใคใฎๅˆฅใ€…ใฎๅฝขๅผใ‚’ๆŒใคๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ1ใคใงใ™
05:13
separate forms that are acceptable in the third form. The participial you could also
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.
05:20
say proven has proven and both of them are correct. So we're verb, conjugations are to
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่จผๆ˜Žๆธˆใฟใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ๅˆ†่ฉžใฏ่จผๆ˜Žๆธˆใฟใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€ๆดป็”จใฏ
05:29
prove. That's the infinitive and then you have proved as the base of
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่จผๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒไธๅฎš่ฉžใงใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใ‚น ใฎใƒ™ใƒผใ‚นใจใ—ใฆ่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
05:35
Course. And then we have proved and then you cannot proved or proven
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่จผๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จผๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚่จผๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:41
Now, although both of these are correct, I would probably say that proved is more common,
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ–นใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
05:50
but I do hear proven enough that it's worse. You knowing that both of them are acceptable
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ใŒใ€่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๆ–นใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจๅๅˆ†ใซ่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธกๆ–นใจใ‚‚ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
05:58
and grammatically correct but if you want to keep it easy, since proved is the past
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ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง้ŽๅŽปใฏ
06:04
simple. You can also just remember proved as the participial as well.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใงใ™. ใพใŸใ€ๅˆ†่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:09
Okay, so here to be a hit has proven a hit. I hit in this case is something that is very
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’่จผๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใซใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ
06:19
popular or successful. So this is a really great idiom. So you might say our party was
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ไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
06:28
a hit. Our party was a hit. This means your party was very successful. It was popular
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏๅคงๆˆๅŠŸใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใŒๅคงๆˆๅŠŸใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ไบบๆฐ—่€…ใงใ—ใŸ
06:38
people enjoyed it.
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ใ€‚
06:39
So ultimately, it was successful. Our party was a hit. You could say. I hope our launch
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€็ตๆžœ็š„ใซๆˆๅŠŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏ ๅคงๆˆๅŠŸใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใˆใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎใƒญใƒผใƒณใƒใŒๆˆๅŠŸใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:50
will be a hit. So notice this is in the future because I'm using, I hope, I hope our launch
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ใ€‚ ็งใŒไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
06:57
will be a hit. So I don't know yet. Launch is when you introduce something new into the
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ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใพใ ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใƒญใƒผใƒณใƒใจใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅธ‚ๅ ดใซๆŠ•ๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
07:04
market. For example, a new product or surveys, you launch it. So you
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆ–ฐ่ฃฝๅ“ใ‚„่ชฟๆŸปใ‚’ ้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
07:09
Ooh, sit for the first time. So here.
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ใŠใŠใ€ๅˆใ‚ใฆๅบงใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใซใ€‚
07:14
Our expression is this is a verb to be expression to be a hit. Now. You need to conjugate your
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็งใŸใกใฎ่กจ็พใฏ this is a ๅ‹•่ฉž to be ่กจ็พ to be a hit. ไปŠใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
07:21
verb to be according to the some janked and the time reference of course like always so
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ‚ฏใจ ๆ™‚้–“ๅŸบๆบ–ใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
07:30
let's say you had more than one party our parties. Maybe you had an anniversary party
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็งใŸใกใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† . ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ๅŒใ˜ๆœˆใซ่จ˜ๅฟตๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ€
07:37
a birthday party and a retirement party all in the same month. You could say. Oh
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่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ€้€€่ทใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ่กŒใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใˆใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€
07:43
our parties
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็งใŸใกใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏใ€
07:44
were because we have the past simple with they the subject is they they were a hit our
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้ŽๅŽปใŒๅ˜็ด”ใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธป้กŒใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฎ
07:54
parties were a hit now notice. I don't say our parties were hits although I hit technically
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ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใŒใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใŸใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซใฏใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใฏ
08:02
is singular, but I change my verb to be I don't change my noun here our parties were
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ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏ
08:13
a hit. I don't change it to hit.
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ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆ‰“ใคใซๅค‰ใˆใชใ„ใ€‚
08:16
Okay, so you conjugate, your verb, to be to be ahead and let me just write out the meaning
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:23
to be successful or popular. So it makes sense. They're seeing the movie was a hit, it was
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ๆˆๅŠŸใพใŸใฏไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็†ใซใ‹ใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใŒใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ€
08:30
successful. Well why was it successful? Because it was popular. So they're singing the same
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ๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใชใœๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ไบบๆฐ—ใ ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆญŒใฃใฆใ€
08:37
thing really successful or popular. Let's continue on. It is one of only three films.
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆˆๅŠŸใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ไบบๆฐ—ใ‚’ๅพ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ 3ๆœฌใ—ใ‹ใชใ„ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚
08:45
To surpass 1 billion dollars this year after top gun Maverick and Jurassic world domination.
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ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณใฎใƒžใƒผใƒ™ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใจใ‚ธใƒฅใƒฉใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎไธ–็•Œๅˆถ่ฆ‡ใซ็ถšใใ€ไปŠๅนดใฏ 10 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚
08:55
So this is another example of a sequel, because there was an original Top Gun movie from,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ถš็ทจใฎใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚80
09:03
I don't know the 80s, the 1980s or 1990s. I'm not sure. Long, long time ago, with Tom
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ๅนดไปฃใ€1980 ๅนดไปฃใ€1990 ๅนดไปฃใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใฎใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณๆ˜ ็”ปใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใšใฃใจๆ˜”ใ€ใƒˆใƒ ใƒป
09:10
Cruise, and then this year, they made a sequel a sequel
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ใ‚ฏใƒซใƒผใ‚บใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ใใ—ใฆไปŠๅนดใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็ถš็ทจใ‚’็ถš็ทจใ‚คใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
09:15
Equal. So, top gun. Maverick is a sequel. So top gun Maverick. This movie is a sequel,
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. ใ‚“ใงใ€ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณใ€‚ ใƒžใƒผใƒ™ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎ็ถš็ทจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณใƒžใƒผใƒ™ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฏ็ถš็ทจใงใ€
09:26
the original was made in. I'm just going to say the 1980s. I'm not sure if that's correct.
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ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใฏ 1980 ๅนดไปฃใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:34
It might be the 90s.
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90ๅนดไปฃใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:37
The original was made in.
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ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใฏ
09:42
The 1980s. Now notice I added the because I have 80s in general, when you have a year
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1980ๅนดไปฃ่ฃฝใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ 80 ๅนดไปฃใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ 80 ๅนดไปฃใฎๅนด
09:49
in general 80s, a decade 80s 90s, you have to say the 80s, the 90s. But if I said in
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ใ€10 ๅนดใฎ 80 ๅนดไปฃใ€90 ๅนดไปฃใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ 80 ๅนดไปฃใ€90 ๅนดไปฃใจ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒ
09:58
1981, and I was specific or 84 87, then you don't use an article. The was made in
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1981 ๅนดใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใพใŸใฏ 84 87 ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅ† ่ฉžใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:09
1987 or was made in the 80s, you can just put 80s or you can add 1980s. If anyone knows
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1987 ๅนด่ฃฝใ‹ 80 ๅนดไปฃ่ฃฝใ‹ใ€ 80 ๅนดไปฃใ ใ‘ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€1980 ๅนดไปฃใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใŒใ„ใคไฝœๆˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
10:20
when the original was made that you can share that in the comments. Have you seen the original
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใงใใพใ™. ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใฎใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹
10:27
Top Gun? Have you seen the sequel top gun Maverick? I have seen neither, but you can
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๏ผŸ ็ถš็ทจใฎใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณใƒžใƒผใƒ™ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
10:34
share in the comments. I have seen Jurassic world domination.
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒฉใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฏใƒปใƒฏใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใƒ‰ใƒŸใƒใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
10:39
Okay, no, no, let's take a look at this. It is one of three. Now notice here films, one
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ 3ใคใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€3 ใคใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใƒ ใฎใ†ใกใฎ 1 ใคใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใƒ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
10:52
of three films. Now, the film's is plural because it represents the three films. So,
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ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใƒ ใฎ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใฏใ€ 3 ใคใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒซใƒ ใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€
11:02
there are three films. Now, one of those three films, so that's why films.
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฏ3ๆœฌใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ ใ€‚
11:10
Is is plural even though we have one. So you might say, it was one of my favorite movies,
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Is ใฏ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ 1 ใคใงใ—ใŸใ€
11:22
movies with an S when you have one of, it means there are more than one movies, but
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S ใฎไป˜ใ„ใŸๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ 1 ใคใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ ๆ˜ ็”ปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
11:32
you're talking about one specific, but the noun is plural, okay? But notice my
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ 1 ใคใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅ่ฉžใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
11:40
My verb is conjugated as singular, it was because of the one. So that's why the subject
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็งใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅ˜ๆ•ฐใจใ—ใฆๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ไธป่ชž
11:51
and the verb is singular, but the noun is plural. So I might say she one of our best
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ใจๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ่ฉžใฏ ่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’็งใŸใกใฎๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎ้›‡็”จ่€…ใฎไธ€ไบบใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
12:05
Employ. Okay, so do I want employee?
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. ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:11
Or employees and do I want. She is or she are. Well, hopefully this is pretty obvious
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ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใจ็งใฏใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
12:20
to you that we need. She is one of our best employees and then I need plural because in
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ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎ ๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใฎ 1 ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
12:32
the company, as a whole, there are many employees so I can be a tricky sentence structure. But
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ไผš็คพๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎๅพ“ๆฅญๅ“กใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ่ค‡้›‘ใชๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
12:40
obviously a very
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ้žๅธธใซ
12:41
Common sentence structure as well. So, get comfortable with forming sentences like that
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝฟใ†ใฎใงใ€ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
12:46
because you will use them a lot, okay? So notice here, they changed it to surpass. Instead
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ใญ. ใ“ใ“ใงๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
12:55
of pass. In this case, they're exactly the same. You can pass something, you can surpass,
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ใƒ‘ใ‚นใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใพใฃใŸใ ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
13:01
something. I would say we generally use surpass when you're talking about money specifically
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ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ‰ใƒซใฎใƒžใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ† ใชๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใŠ้‡‘ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€
13:09
like a specific dollar
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13:10
Mount and then you can use pass because remember before they are talking about Milestones,
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่ถ…้Žใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ ใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ‰ใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
13:18
so you passed a milestone but you surpass a specific dollar amount and both of them
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ‚’้€š้Žใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ้‡‘้กใ‚’่ถ…้Žใ—ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€
13:25
just means you went beyond you exceeded. Okay, let's continue on. However, director, James
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่ถ…ใˆใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ ็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใƒปใ‚ญใƒฃใƒกใƒญใƒณ็›ฃ็ฃใฏใ€
13:35
Cameron has said his technologically Innovative movie.
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ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซ้ฉๆ–ฐ็š„ใชๆ˜ ็”ปใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
13:41
Needs to make 2 billion to break even. Wow.
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ๅŽๆ”ฏใ‚’ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใซใฏ20ๅ„„ๅฟ…่ฆใ€‚ ใŠใŠใ€‚
13:47
If you know what this means, you know, why I said, wow, to break, even this is when your
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใชใœ ็งใŒใ€Œใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ๅฃŠใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
13:54
total cost is the same as your total profit. So expenditures or cause, and your profit
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็ทใ‚ณใ‚นใƒˆใŒ็ทๅˆฉ็›ŠใจๅŒใ˜ๅ ดๅˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ”ฏๅ‡บใพใŸใฏๅŽŸๅ› ใจๅˆฉ็›Šใฏ
14:05
are exactly the same. So, what you put out and what you get back our even even means
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ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใ‹ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่ฟ”ใ™ใ‹ใฏ
14:13
the same. So basically,
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ๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€
14:16
He's saying the movie cost 2 billion dollars to produce to create. So they need to earn
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ๅฝผใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๅˆถไฝœ่ฒปใŒ 20 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ๅˆฉ็›Šใ‚’ๅพ—
14:26
two billion dollars just to break, even not to get any profit. Profit is additional money
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ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€็ ดใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ ใ‘ใซ20ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็จผใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ . ๅˆฉ็›Šใฏ
14:35
after your expenses. So, if the movie makes three billion dollars, two billion is the
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฒป็”จใฎๅพŒใฎ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใŒ 30 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็จผใ„ใ ๅ ดๅˆใ€20 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใŒ
14:43
cost of the movie. And then 1 billion will be
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ่ฒป็”จใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€10ๅ„„ใŒๅˆฉ็›Šใซ ใชใ‚Šใพใ™
14:46
Profit. So you, this is generally used in a business, context Break Even, but you can
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใ€Break Even ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€
14:54
use this in your situation as well. Like more everyday situations, let's say you bought
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใช็ŠถๆณใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ๅฎถใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
15:02
a house. Okay. So,
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
15:05
House price I'll just say yeah price you paid. Let's say 500,000. Okay. This was the cost
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ไฝๅฎ…ไพกๆ ผใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใฃใŸไพกๆ ผใงใ™ใ€‚ 500,000ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
15:16
of your house 500,000 and then how sold 500,000
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎถใฎ่ฒป็”จ 500,000 ใงใ€ใใฎๅพŒ 500,000 ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฃฒใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใงใ—ใŸ
15:25
This case you broke even you didn't gain any money and you didn't lose any money, you broke
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15:34
even. So you might say we broke even on the sale of our house. We broke. Even now I took
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎถใ‚’ๅฃฒใฃใฆใ‚‚ๆใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๅฃŠใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไปŠใงใ‚‚็งใฏ
15:46
my verb break and I put it in the past. Simple again, you might say
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ŽๅŽปใซ็ฝฎใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€
15:55
Let's say you bought a house during the pandemic when prices were really high at least in North
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ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ๅŒ—็ฑณใงใฏไพกๆ ผใŒ้žๅธธใซ้ซ˜ใ‹ใฃใŸใจใใซใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏไธญใซๅฎถใ‚’่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใ€ไพกๆ ผใŒไฝŽใ„ใจใใซ
16:01
America and you need to sell your house today when prices are low, that's not a good situation
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ไปŠๆ—ฅๅฎถใ‚’ๅฃฒๅดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆ่‰ฏใ„็Šถๆณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ
16:09
for you, right? So you might say, I hope we at least Break Even which means, I hope we
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ใญ? ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎถใซ่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸ
16:17
at least get the exact amount of money we spent on the house.
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ๆญฃ็ขบใช้‡‘้กใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
16:24
Aus now, any more money than you would say. We made we made. So in this case, if you sold
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ไปŠใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ไปฅไธŠใฎใŠ้‡‘ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒไฝœใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฎถใ‚’ๅฃฒใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
16:33
your house for
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16:34
I'm going to put it up here, house sold, let's say, 600,000. Then you could say we made we
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็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่ผ‰ใ›ใพใ™ใ€ๅฎถใŒๅฃฒใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ . ๆฌกใซใ€
16:49
made 100,000 K is the short form for thousand and we verbalize it 100K 100K. We made 100
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100,000 K ใฏๅƒใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€100K 100K ใ‚’่จ€่ชžๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏๅฎถใฎๅฃฒๅดใง 100 K 100,000 ใ‚’็จผใŽใพใ—ใŸ
17:01
K 100,000 on the sale of our
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17:05
our house.
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ใ€‚
17:07
All right. Now I'll just cover all the bases because
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
17:14
If the house sold for let's say, 400,000 this is not a good situation for you at all four
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ๅฎถใŒ 400,000 ใงๅฃฒใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†
17:26
hundred thousand four hundred k. Then you have to say unfortunately we lost 100,000
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ใ€‚ ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€่ฒฉๅฃฒใง100,000ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“
17:39
on the sale.
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ใ€‚
17:42
Of our house which is very unfortunate. So hopefully you're in this situation and at
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้žๅธธใซๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชๆˆ‘ใŒๅฎถใ€‚ ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
17:48
the very least, this situation.
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ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
17:53
Let's continue on.
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
17:55
The film picks up after the events of 2009 Avatar. This is the oh, the original Avatar.
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ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฏใ€2009ๅนดใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฎๅพŒใซๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
18:05
Oh no. I asked when top gun was made original Avatar was made in 2009. Okay. So this is
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ใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณใŒใ„ใคไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใ‹่žใ„ใฆใฟใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใฎ ใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใฏ2009ๅนดใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
18:13
the original. Now in 2022, they're talking about the sequel. The film picks up after
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ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใ€‚ 2022ๅนด็พๅœจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ็ถš็ทจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹. ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฏใ€
18:20
the events of 2009's Avatar, which is the highest grossing film.
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2009 ๅนดใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฎๅพŒใซๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎๅŽ็›Šใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใŸๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ™ใ€‚
18:26
Of all time. That's awesome with box office receipts of two point, nine seven billion
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ใšใฃใจใ€‚ ่ˆˆ่กŒ ๅŽๅ…ฅใŒ 2 ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆ 970 ๅ„„
18:34
dollars. Mmm. And remember this is in 2009. So the value of that money was more in 2009.
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ใƒ‰ใƒซใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ 2009 ๅนดใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใŠ้‡‘ใฎไพกๅ€คใฏ 2009 ๅนดใฎ
18:44
Alright, highest-grossing gross. This simply is another way of saying, highest-earning
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ๆ–นใŒ้ซ˜ใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜็ด”ใซ ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆœ€้ซ˜ๅŽ็›Š
18:53
highest-earning in.
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ๆœ€้ซ˜ๅŽ็›Šใงใ™ใ€‚
18:55
A business talk context, they use the term, gross, gross profit, gross margarine margins,
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ใƒˆใƒผใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ€ ็ทๅˆฉ็›Šใ€็ทใƒžใƒผใ‚ฌใƒชใƒณ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ธใƒณใ€
19:04
gross sales. So that's just more of a business term. But in more of an everyday context,
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็ทๅฃฒไธŠใจใ„ใ†็”จ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆ—ฅๅธธ็š„ใช็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€
19:10
you can use highest-earning film of all time.
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ๅฒไธŠๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎๅŽ็›Šใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใŸๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™.
19:16
Okay, let's look at this pick up because of course, you know, the phrasal verb to pick
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ pick up ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€pick up ใฏๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
19:24
up. I just picked up a pen or you can
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ–ใฃใŸใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
19:32
pick your kids up from school which means to get your kids at school. But let's look
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ๅญไพ›ใ‚’ๅญฆๆ กใ‹ใ‚‰่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅญไพ›ใ‚’ๅญฆๆ กใซ้€šใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
19:40
at this because they're not talking about picking something up and they're not talking
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‹พใ†ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
19:44
about bringing someone from one location to another. So what are they talking about in
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ้€ฃใ‚Œใฆ่กŒใใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† . ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
19:51
this context, will remember they're talking about the sequel, which was filmed in 2022,
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2022ๅนดใซๆ’ฎๅฝฑใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ็ถš็ทจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
19:58
it picks up after the events of
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20:01
And nine in this context. It means it continues. It continues where the film left off. So in
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ใ€‚ ็ถ™็ถšใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜ ็”ปใŒไธญๆ–ญใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
20:12
this case, pick up you can think of it as to continue where it left off. Now, this is
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใฏใ€ ไธญๆ–ญใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰็ถš่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
20:24
a useful phrasal verb because we use it quite commonly in conversations. Let's say you're
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ไพฟๅˆฉใชๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ไผš่ฉฑใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
20:30
in a meeting and
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ไผš่ญฐใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
20:31
And you're discussing your sales strategy for an upcoming product launch, okay? But
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ๆฌกใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใฎ็™บๅฃฒใซๅ‘ใ‘ใŸ่ฒฉๅฃฒๆˆฆ็•ฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
20:42
you have another meeting, you have to go to. So, you end your current meeting, but you're
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ๅˆฅใฎไผš่ญฐใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็พๅœจใฎไผš่ญฐใ‚’็ต‚ไบ†ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
20:48
not done talking. There's still more to discuss you can say, let's pick this up tomorrow.
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่ฉฑใฏใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ในใใ“ใจใฏใพใ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
20:56
Let's pick this up tomorrow.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅ–ใ‚Šใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚
20:59
Let's pick this up tomorrow. So this is our conversation. Let's pick our conversation
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅๅ–ใ‚Šใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ ไผš่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ€็งใŸใกใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
21:11
up tomorrow.
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ใ€‚
21:14
So in this context you can understand it means. Let's continue talking about the sales strategy.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฒฉๅฃฒๆˆฆ็•ฅใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:23
I don't remember what I said. Let's continue talking about our sales strategy and we stopped
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ไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ฒฉๅฃฒๆˆฆ็•ฅใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:30
talking about this one point. So tomorrow, when we continue our conversation, we're going
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ใ“ใฎ 1 ็‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ€ ไผš่ฉฑใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ€
21:38
to start talking about the last topic of this meeting. So let's pick up.
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ใ“ใฎไผš่ญฐใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ญฐ้กŒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
21:44
Up our conversation tomorrow. So, in this specific context, it means continue. It's
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ€็งใŸใกใฎไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ€็ถš่กŒใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
21:51
very useful. When you're having any sort of conversations or discussions. It doesn't have
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ไผš่ฉฑใ‚„่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚
21:56
to be a business context. You could be discussing your vacation, plans with your wife, your
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฆปใ€ๅคซ
22:03
husband, your friend, and then you have to make dinner or you have to pick your kid up
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ใ€ๅ‹ไบบใจไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚„่จˆ็”ปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅพŒใ€ ๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅญไพ›ใ‚’ๅญฆๆ กใซ่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
22:10
from school. Notice in that context, pick up is a totally
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ใ€‚ ใใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€pick up ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ
22:14
Phrasal verb. So you might say, let's pick this up tomorrow. Pick this up after dinner
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใซ่กŒใ“ใ†ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ๅค•้ฃŸๅพŒใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ–ใ‚Š
22:24
and finalize, our flights. So maybe you were discussing your flights. You have to go make
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ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’็ขบๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
22:32
dinner after dinner, you're going to pick up the conversation and finalize your flights,
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ๅค•้ฃŸใฎๅพŒใซๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ ๆ‹พใ„ไธŠใ’ใฆใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใ‚’็ขบๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š
22:38
which is what you were talking about.
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ใงใ™.
22:40
All right, let's continue on.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
22:45
Analysts say, the new installment is unlikely to beat that figure as Cinema, attendances
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ใ‚ขใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒๆ‰•ใ„ใฏ ใ‚ทใƒใƒžใจใ—ใฆใใฎๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’ๆ‰“ใก่ฒ ใ‹ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใใ€ๅ‡บๅธญ่€…ใฏ
22:53
are still down post pandemic, okay? The new installment, this simply means the sequel.
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏๅพŒใ‚‚ใพใ ๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ๆ–ฐไฝœใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซ็ถš็ทจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:03
The sequel is, it's not the most common way of saying it. I would just ignore this. I
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็ถš็ทจใฏใ€ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็„ก่ฆ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
23:08
don't think it's that useful analysts say this sequel. That's the easiest way of
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ๆœ‰็”จใชใ‚ขใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ“ใฎ็ถš็ทจใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏๆ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
23:14
Saying it analysts say the sequel is unlikely. So in this case, maybe,
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ใ‚ขใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฏใ€็ถš็ทจใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€
23:21
We'll say less than 50 percent chance. So maybe a 40% chance of 30% chance. It's unlikely
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50% ๆœชๆบ€ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€40% ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‹ใ‚‰ 30% ใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใพใšใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
23:32
to beat that figure. So the figure in this context. If they don't Define a noun, you
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใฎๅ›ณ ใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ๅฎš็พฉใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
23:39
have to look back at the last referenced figure, the last reference number. And in this case,
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅ‚็…งใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ›ณใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ‚็…ง็•ชๅทใ‚’ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ
23:48
it's two point nine, seven billion. So that is
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2.970 ๅ„„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
23:52
The figure 2.97 billion.
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29.7 ๅ„„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใงใ™ใ€‚
23:56
Remember BN is the short form of billion. You could even just do billion with Abby but
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BN ใฏ 10 ๅ„„ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ Abby ใง 10 ๅ„„ใ‚’่จˆ็ฎ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ
24:04
I'll just put b n so that's the figure dew point nine seven billion dollars. So beat
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b n ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ้œฒ็‚น 970 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
24:10
in this case means exceed. So to make three billion 3.5 billion for billion that would
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใƒ“ใƒผใƒˆใฏ่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€30 ๅ„„ใ‚’ 35 ๅ„„ใง 10 ๅ„„ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹
24:19
all be exceed or beat to do more, so it's unlikely, there's less than a 50% chance.
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ใ‹ใ€ไธŠๅ›žใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎ ใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ 50% ๆœชๆบ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
24:28
And at this time, it's made 1 million, right? That's the no sorry. 1 billion. That's the
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ใงใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚็‚นใง100ไธ‡ไฝœใฃใฆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ 10ๅ„„ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
24:35
Milestone. It passed 1 billion dollars.
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ใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ 10ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:41
So it has 2 billion more that it needs to make learn before it beats its original movie.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅ…ƒใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ๆ‰“ใก่ฒ ใ‹ใ™ๅ‰ใซๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ 20 ๅ„„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
24:52
So before the sequel beats the original movie but remember it needs to make 2 billion to
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็ถš็ทจใŒๅ…ƒใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ๆ‰“ใก่ฒ ใ‹ใ™ๅ‰ใซใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ ดใ‚‹ใซใฏ20ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็จผใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
24:59
break. Even to be at that point.
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. ใใฎๆ™‚็‚นใงใ•ใˆใ€‚
25:02
All right, let's continue on. But based on current performance, the film is likely to
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ็พๅœจใฎใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใซๅŸบใฅใใจใ€ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฏ
25:09
overtake top gun Maverick as the biggest film of 2020 to overtake means again, this is another
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ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณ ใƒžใƒผใƒ™ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’ ่ฟฝใ„่ถŠใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใใ€2020 ๅนดใฎๆœ€ๅคงใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใŒๅ†ใณ
25:18
way of saying exceed, so Top Gun was in the lead. It was performing very well but then
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่ฟฝใ„่ถŠใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซใ†ใพใๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
25:27
Avatar right now maybe Avatar is even but o Avatar.
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ไปŠใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
25:33
Just overtook Top Gun. It is now in the lead. So to become the leader.
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ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚’่ฟฝใ„ๆŠœใ„ใŸใ€‚ ็พๅœจใฏ้ฆ–ไฝใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
25:43
To overtake to become the new leader, Top Gun was the was the leader Avatar, overtook
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ฟฝใ„่ถŠใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ— ใ‚ฌใƒณใฏใƒชใƒผใƒ€ใƒผใ ใฃใŸใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ฟฝใ„่ถŠใ—ใ€็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
25:53
know. It is, I just conjugated when I said that out loud overtook because our verb is
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ take ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคงๅฃฐใง overtook ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใจใใซๆดป็”จใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™
26:00
take, you need to conjugate take. So in this case in the past it is overtook. So we can
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ใ€‚take ใ‚’ๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่ฟฝใ„่ถŠใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
26:11
say Avatar
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ใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒ
26:13
Overtook Top Gun as the biggest film of 2022 if this has, in fact happened.
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ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚’่ฟฝใ„่ถŠใ—ใŸ2022ๅนดใฎๆœ€ๅคงใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ .
26:26
In this case, it hasn't happened because they're saying it's likely, likely means there is
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
26:34
more than 50 percent chance. That's likely more than 50 percent chance.
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ใ€‚ ใใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ 50% ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:43
Let's continue on that news, may come as a surprise to critics, some of whom panned,
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ใใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ฉ•่ซ–ๅฎถใซใจใฃใฆใฏ้ฉšใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฏใ€
26:51
the way of water as a lumbering humorless damp, squib of a movie in which nothing meaningful
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒไฝ•ใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใฎใชใ„ๆนฟใฃใŸใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒ–ใจใ—ใฆใฎๆฐดใฎ้“ใ‚’ใƒ‘ใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
26:59
happens. And the story is really pretty stupid. So, some negative adjectives, you can add
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ่ฉฑใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฐใ‹ใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซ
27:06
to your vocabulary if you choose.
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ๅฟœใ˜ใฆ่ชžๅฝ™ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
27:11
To come as a surprise. This is simply a way of saying, the news may seem unexpected.
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้ฉšใใจใ—ใฆๆฅใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใฏไบˆๆœŸใ›ใฌใ‚‚ใฎใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
27:23
So critics critics are the people that do not like the movie, okay? Those are the critics
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ‰น่ฉ•ๅฎถใฏ ๆ˜ ็”ปใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ไบบใŸใกใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
27:30
they don't like the movie. So for them, it would be unexpected that
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ„ๆ‰น่ฉ•ๅฎถใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใจใฃใฆใ€
27:37
Avatar is the most common, most popular movie of 2022. It came as a surprise.
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ใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒ 2022 ๅนดใฎๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไบˆๆƒณๅค–ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้ฉšใใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:47
So this is a great expression, our verb is come, so you need to conjugate it based on
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ ๆฅใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆๆดป็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
27:54
your verb tense. So you might say, I was promoted and it came as a surprise which means you
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒๆ˜‡้€ฒใ—ใŸใฎใฏ ใ‚ตใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใ‚บใ ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
28:03
were not expecting the promotion. You were not expecting the promotion.
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ๆ˜‡้€ฒใ‚’ไบˆๆœŸใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๆ˜‡้€ฒใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:11
Now, we also use this in the negative form to say you were expecting it. Because if I
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ
28:21
say, and it didn't come because here, this is my past simple, right cane. But, if I'm
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่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๆฅใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็งใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–ใงใ™. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
28:31
adding my - the - is didn't in the past simple, and now, I need my base verb come, I was promoted.
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็งใŒ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ - the - ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซใฏๅ˜็ด”ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ไปŠใงใฏๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏๆ˜‡ๆ ผใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:42
And it didn't come as a surprise, which means you were expecting the promotion. So we use
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้ฉšใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ˜‡้€ฒใ‚’ไบˆๆœŸใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไธกๆ–นใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
28:49
both. You can say, it came as a surprise. It didn't come as a surprise, both are very
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้ฉšใใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚้žๅธธใซ
28:55
common.
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
28:57
Let's continue on water. Oh sorry that said the way of water and we read that part all
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ๆฐดไธŠใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆฐดใฎใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใ‚’่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚็งใŸใกใฏใใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ
29:05
those negative adjectives. Okay all others. So others if we were talking about the critics
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใง่ชญใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ‰น่ฉ•ๅฎถใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
29:13
the other people would be the ones that enjoyed the film. So I guess we could call them the
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ไป–ใฎไบบใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใ ไบบใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
29:20
fans. The fans that would be the opposite, you have critics and then you
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ใ€‚ ๅๅฏพใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏๆ‰น่ฉ•ๅฎถใŒใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏ
29:25
Have fans.
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ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
29:29
So fans opposite of critics so fans, like the film critics, don't like the film.
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ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใฏๆ‰น่ฉ•ๅฎถใฎๅๅฏพใชใฎใงใ€ ๆ˜ ็”ป่ฉ•่ซ–ๅฎถใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใฏๆ˜ ็”ปใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
29:42
I have critics as well and I also have fans. I hope you're one of my friends fans and not
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็งใซใฏๆ‰น่ฉ•ๅฎถใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ—ใ€ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ ใŒ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใฎใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใฎ 1 ไบบใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ€
29:47
one of my critics, okay, others. The fans were more enthusiastic calling the film and
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็งใฎๆ‰น่ฉ•ๅฎถใฎ 1 ไบบใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใฏใ€ ๆ˜ ็”ปใจ
29:56
eye-popping jaw-dropping spectacle and a fully immersive waking dream. So I just kind of
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็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅผตใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ฉšๆ„•ใฎใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒซใจๅฎŒๅ…จใซ ๆฒกๅ…ฅๅž‹ใฎ็›ฎ่ฆšใ‚ใฎๅคขใ‚’ๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใซใ‚‚ใฃใจ็†ฑๅฟƒใงใ—ใŸ.
30:04
acted it out because imagine you you're watching this movie and your eyes open wide generally.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎใฏๅคงใใ้–‹ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:12
Happens when we're very engaged or we're surprised in a good way. When something is really beautiful,
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็งใŸใกใŒ้žๅธธใซ็†ฑๅฟƒใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏ่‰ฏใ„ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง้ฉšใ„ใŸใจใใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็พŽใ—ใ„ใจใใ€
30:18
your eyes open wide. So that's where this comes from an eye-popping or jaw-dropping.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็›ฎใฏๅคงใใ่ฆ‹้–‹ใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅผตใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใ”ใ‚’่ฝใจใ™ใ“ใจใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฅใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
30:27
So you might say, seeing the Eiffel Tower for the first time was jaw-dropping or you
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใƒ•ใ‚งใƒซๅก”ใ‚’ ๅˆใ‚ใฆ่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใฏใณใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†
30:41
could say
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€
30:45
I was eye-popping
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็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅผตใฃใฆใ„ใŸ
30:49
so when I saw it I went in awe and Beauty. So I and Beauty. What about you have? You
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ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใจใใฏ็•ๆ•ฌใฎๅฟตใจ็พŽใ—ใ•ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใจ็พŽใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ€
30:58
had a jaw-dropping experience and eye-popping experience a place you saw something, you
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้ฉšใใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ตŒ้จ“ใจ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅผตใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
31:04
saw that was just so beautiful unique, interesting, share it in the comments if you had practice
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ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็พŽใ—ใใ€ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚ฏใงใ€่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
31:11
your new vocabulary. All right, let's move on.
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ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
31:16
The original Avatar was essentially a science fiction version of Pocahontas, following the
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ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฏๆœฌ่ณช็š„ใซ ใƒใ‚ซใƒ›ใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚นใฎSF็‰ˆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฉใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹้ ใ„ๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฎ่ณ‡ๆบใงใ‚ใ‚‹่ฒชๆฌฒใงๆคๆฐ‘ๅœฐ
31:22
story of greedy, colonialist human stripping, the resources of a distant planet called Pandora.
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ไธป็พฉ่€…ใฎไบบ้–“ใฎๅ‰ฅใŽๅ–ใ‚Šใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใซ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ .
31:32
Greedy. You probably know what this means, but it's very common. So, I'll just share
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ใ‚ˆใๆทฑใ„ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ™
31:38
it. Just in case. This is an adjective and it describes somebody who is not generous
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ใ€‚ ๅฟตใฎใŸใ‚ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅฏ›ๅคงใงใชใ„ไบบใฏ
31:46
is the opposite of generous
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ๅฏ›ๅคงใฎๅๅฏพใงใ™.
31:48
For example, my sister got a huge box of chocolates for her birthday but she wouldn't share with
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฎๅฆนใฏ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใซใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒฌใƒผใƒˆใฎๅคงใใช็ฎฑใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€่ชฐใจใ‚‚ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
32:04
anyone. She's so greedy.
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. ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚่ฒชๆฌฒใงใ™ใ€‚
32:11
So we can be when somebody doesn't want to share their possessions their money, their
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ‰€ๆœ‰็‰ฉใ‚’ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚„้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
32:17
food. We use this commonly with food. I know. Probably you instantly think about money but
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. ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ™ใใซใŠ้‡‘ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
32:23
we use it a lot with food as well. So if somebody doesn't want to share their food with you,
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็งใŸใกใฏ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใจๅˆ†ใ‹ใกๅˆใ„ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
32:29
you can say stop being so greedy, stop being so greedy.
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ๆฌฒๅผตใ‚Šใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚ใ€่ฒชๆฌฒใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ .
32:38
So notice stopped. And now, I have my, gerund stop is a, gerund verb or verb is the verb
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰้€š็Ÿฅใฏๅœๆญขใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€็งใฏ็งใฎใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉž ๅœๆญขใฏaใ€ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžๅ‹•่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ในใๅ‹•่ฉž
32:45
to be, she is, this is the contraction form she is. She's she is so greedy. So, my verb
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ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅŽ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚่ฒชๆฌฒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
32:57
is the verb to be and the gerund form I need being stop being so greedy, that could be
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beๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็งใŒๅฟ…่ฆใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใฎๅฝขใฏ่ฒชๆฌฒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
33:04
something someone
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33:06
Says to you if you don't want to share, hopefully you're not greedy.
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.
33:12
This sequel is sent several years later as Sully and 90 re. I don't know how to say this
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ใ“ใฎ็ถš็ทจใฏๆ•ฐๅนดๅพŒใซ Sully and 90 reใจใ—ใฆ้€ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
33:21
name, because I did not see the original Avatar and this is not an English name. So I will
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ๅ…ƒใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅๅ‰ใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎๅๅ‰ใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้–“ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎไบบ้–“ใฎไพต็•ฅใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎˆใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
33:27
just say 90 re solely and 90 re head under water to protect their planet from another
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90ไบบใฏๅ˜็‹ฌใงใ€90ไบบใฏๆฐดไธญใซๅ‘ใ‹ใ†ใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
33:35
human Invasion while attempting to raise a family.
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.
33:40
Okay, well let's just look at this head. This is a pretty common verb. So this is a verb.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ้ ญใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
33:48
Now to head, this is used as a way of saying to go to go so head underwater. So there they
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Now to head ใฏใ€ๆฐดไธญใซ่กŒใใŸใ‚ใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
33:59
live on the surface on the ground. Now, they're going underwater, they're heading under water.
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ๅœฐ้ขใฎ่กจ้ขใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๆฐดไธญใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฐดไธญใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ
34:09
We use this a lot when talking about going to a specific location. So for example, what
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่กŒใใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
34:17
time do you want to head to the mall? What time do you want to head to the mall? This
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ไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹? ไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
34:23
simply means go or let's say you were at your friend's party and another friend could ask
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ๅ˜็ด”ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๅ‹ไบบใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅ‹ไบบใŒ
34:32
you what time, did you head home? What time did you go home?
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ไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไฝ•ๆ™‚ใซ ๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
34:38
What time did you leave the party but go home is another way of saying leave so the verb
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What time did you leave the party but go home ใฏใ€ leave ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใชใฎใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏ
34:44
doesn't replace. Leave the verb replaces, go, but we use it in a very specific context,
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็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใพใ™ replaces, go, ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’้žๅธธใซ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€
34:52
not go in any context, we use it very to go to a specific location, that's how I would
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ใฉใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ‚‚่กŒใใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใŸใ‚ใซ้žๅธธใซ
35:03
use it. Even in a business context very common what time?
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ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™. ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ•ใˆใ€้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใฎใฏ ไฝ•ๆ™‚ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
35:09
Are you heading to the conference? For example? So you can add this to your vocabulary to
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ไผš่ญฐใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ไพ‹ใˆใฐ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชžๅฝ™ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€
35:17
sound very natural, but also you'll probably hear it. A lot from native speakers and now
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้žๅธธใซ่‡ช็„ถใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ่žใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™. ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๅคšใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ
35:22
you know what it means? So that was the ends of our article. Are you excited to watch the
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ไปฅไธŠใง่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ ใ€‚
35:29
sequel of Avatar or maybe even the original, if you haven't seen this sequel yet. Now,
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ใ“ใฎ็ถš็ทจใ‚’ใพใ ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ็ถš็ทจใพใŸใฏใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹. ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰
35:37
what I'll do is
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็งใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
35:39
Who is, I will read the article in full from start to finish, so you can practice along
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Who is ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงๅ…จ้ƒจ่ชญใฟใพใ™ใฎใง ใ€็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
35:46
with my pronunciation. So let's do that now.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
35:50
Avatar, the way of water passes. 1 billion dollars at the global box office.
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ใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ๆฐดใฎ้€šใ‚Š้“ใ€‚ ไธ–็•Œใฎ่ˆˆ่กŒๅŽๅ…ฅใฏ10ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ€‚
35:58
Avatar, the way of water has made 1 billion dollars at the global box office in, just
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ใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ๆฐดใฎ้“ใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใšใ‹ 14 ๆ—ฅ้–“ใงๅ…จไธ–็•Œใฎ่ˆˆ่กŒๅŽๅ…ฅใง 10 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็จผใŽ
36:05
14 days, becoming the fastest film to pass the Milestone. This year, the long-delayed
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ใ€ใƒžใ‚คใƒซใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒณใ‚’้€š้Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€้€Ÿใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ไปŠๅนดใ€้•ทใ‚‰ใๅปถๆœŸใ•ใ‚ŒใŸ
36:13
sequel has proved a hit with audiences despite widely varying reviews. It is one of only
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็ถš็ทจใŒใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใซใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใšใ€่ฆ–่ด่€…ใซใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒ่จผๆ˜Žใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ . ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไปŠๅนด
36:22
three films to surpass, 1 billion dollars this year. After Top Gun.
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10 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ 3 ๆœฌใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณไปฅ้™ใ€‚
36:28
Check and drastic world domination. However, director James Cameron has said his technologically
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ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใจๆŠœๆœฌ็š„ใชไธ–็•Œๆ”ฏ้…ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ็›ฃ็ฃใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒผใƒ ใ‚บใƒปใ‚ญใƒฃใƒกใƒญใƒณใฏใ€ๅฝผใฎๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซ
36:36
Innovative movie needs to make two billion dollars to break. Even the film picks up after
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้ฉๆ–ฐ็š„ใชๆ˜ ็”ปใŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใ‚‹ใซใฏ20ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚’็จผใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่ชžใฃใŸ . ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ•ใˆใ€2.9 ๅ„„ใƒ‰ใƒซใฎใ‚ขใƒŠใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใฎ่ˆˆ่กŒๅŽๅ…ฅใงๅฒไธŠๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎๅŽ็›Šใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใŸๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ‚ใ‚‹ 2009 ๅนดใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฎๅพŒใซๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
36:43
the events of 2009's Avatar, which is the highest grossing film of all time with box
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36:51
office receipts of two point nine, seven billion dollars analysts. Say the new
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ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„
36:57
Moment is unlikely to beat that figure as Cinema, attendances are still down post pandemic,
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ใƒขใƒผใƒกใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ทใƒใƒžใจใ—ใฆใใฎๆ•ฐๅญ—ใ‚’ๆ‰“ใก่ฒ ใ‹ใ™ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏไฝŽใ„ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏๅพŒใ‚‚ๅ‡บๅธญ่€…ใฏใพใ ๆธ›ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
37:06
but based on current performance, the film is likely to overtake top gun Maverick as
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ใŒใ€็พๅœจใฎใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใฏ2022ๅนดใฎๆœ€ๅคงใฎๆ˜ ็”ป ใจใ—ใฆใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฌใƒณใฎใƒžใƒผใƒ™ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฟฝใ„ๆŠœใๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
37:13
the biggest film of 2022. That news may come as a surprise to critics, some of whom panned
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ๆ‰น่ฉ•ๅฎถใฎไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฏใ€
37:22
the way of water as a lumbering humorless damp squib of a movie.
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ๆฐดใฎ้“ใ‚’ใ€ ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ่…ฐใŒ็—›ใ„ใƒฆใƒผใƒขใ‚ขใฎใชใ„ๆนฟใฃใŸใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒ–ใจใ—ใฆใƒ‘ใƒณใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
37:28
Which nothing meaningful happens. And the story is really pretty stupid. Others were
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎ ่ฉฑใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฐใ‹ใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎไบบใฏ
37:35
more enthusiastic, calling the film and eye-opening, jaw-dropping, spectacle and a fully immersive
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็†ฑ็‹‚็š„ใงใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใจ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅผตใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€ ใ‚ใ”ใ‚’่ฝใจใ™ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒซใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆฒกๅ…ฅๅž‹ใฎ
37:43
wakingdream. The original Avatar was essentially a science fiction version of Pocahontas, following
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็›ฎ่ฆšใ‚ใฎๅคขใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ—ใŸ. ใ‚ชใƒชใ‚ธใƒŠใƒซใฎใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ€
37:52
the story of greedy colonialist humans. Stripping the resources of a
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่ฒชๆฌฒใชๆคๆฐ‘ๅœฐไธป็พฉ่€…ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใซ็ถšใใ€ใƒใ‚ซใƒ›ใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚นใฎ SF ใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
37:58
Distant planet called Pandora. This sequel is set several years later as Sully and 90
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ใƒ‘ใƒณใƒ‰ใƒฉใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹้ ใ„ๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฎ่ณ‡ๆบใ‚’ๅฅชใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็ถš็ทจใฏ ๆ•ฐๅนดๅพŒใ€ใ‚ตใƒชใƒผใจ 90 ใŒๅ†ใณ
38:05
re head under water to protect their planet from another human Invasion while attempting
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ๆฐดไธญใซๅ‘ใ‹ใ„ใ€ ๅˆฅใฎไบบ้–“ใฎไพต็•ฅใ‹ใ‚‰ๅœฐ็ƒใ‚’ๅฎˆใ‚ŠใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€
38:12
to raise a family, amazing job with that article. Now, feel free to hit pause, take a break,
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ๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’่‚ฒใฆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่จญๅฎšใงใ€ใใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใง็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ใ€ๆฐ—่ปฝใซไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ€ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ€
38:20
go get a cup of coffee, or tea review. The vocabulary you just learned and when you're
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ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใŠ่Œถใฎใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใงใ€
38:26
ready, hit play and we'll continue on.
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ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆๅ…ˆใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
38:28
Go on with the next article.
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ๆฌกใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
38:31
I'm sure you recognize Prince Harry and you may know that he just released a memoir called
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ใƒใƒชใƒผ็Ž‹ๅญใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใŒ ๅ›žๆƒณ้Œฒใ€Œใ‚นใƒšใ‚ขใ€ใ‚’ใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
38:38
spare. That's what we're talking about today and I'm sure that's what many people around
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. ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠๆ—ฅ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎๅคšใใฎไบบใ€…ใŒ
38:44
the world are talking about right now. So let's read the headline. Prince Harry's Memoir
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ไปŠ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
38:50
spare which captures the ugly side of Royal life hits bookshelves. Now, let's talk about
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็Ž‹ๅฎคใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใฎ้†œใ„ๅด้ขใ‚’ๆ‰ใˆใŸใƒใƒชใƒผ็Ž‹ๅญใฎๅ›žๆƒณ้Œฒใ‚นใƒšใ‚ขใŒ ๆœฌๆฃšใซใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
38:57
the title of this Memoir. A memoir is simply
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ใ“ใฎใƒกใƒขใƒฏใƒผใƒซใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ›žๆƒณ้Œฒใจใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซ
39:01
a book that talks about your own experience or memories a memoir now. Spare in English
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ ใ‚„ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ‚’ไปŠใฎๅ›ž้กง้Œฒใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชžใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎspareใฏ
39:12
is an adjective, it's an adjective, and it means extra or additional. That's not in you.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใพใŸใฏ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™. ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธญใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
39:22
So, not in use. So that means that's available. That's not a news that's available. For example,
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ๆœชไฝฟ็”จใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ๅฏ่ƒฝใชใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ
39:30
I could say,
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39:32
Do you have an umbrella?
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ๅ‚˜ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
39:35
Now, if I wanted to be more specific, I could say, do you have a spare umbrella? Remember
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ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ไบˆๅ‚™ใฎๅ‚˜ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
39:43
as an adjective, it comes before the noun and it just lets you know that I don't want
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ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใฆ ใ€
39:50
your umbrella if you're using it. I want an additional umbrella that you're not using.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ‚˜ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‚˜ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™. ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎๅ‚˜ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„.
39:59
So you might say, do you, do you have a spare pain if you're in a class and you're taking
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใง
40:07
notes or you want to take notes and you don't have a pen, you could turn to someone and
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ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒกใƒขใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใซ ใƒšใƒณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใ€Œใฉใ†ใžใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
40:12
say do you have a spare pain? So I would guess that's pair in this contact. Is referring
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็—›ใฟใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ“ใฎ้€ฃ็ตกๅ…ˆใฎใƒšใ‚ขใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
40:21
to the fact that he is like the extra member of the royal family not in use because
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ๅฝผใŒ็Ž‹ๅฎคใฎไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
40:29
Because there's no way he's ever going to become king because his older brother. William
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ใฏ
40:35
is going to be king, so he's like the spare. That's what I would guess. I don't know if
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ๅ›ฝ็Ž‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไบˆๅ‚™ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
40:40
that's true or not. Now let's talk about this hits bookshelves hits bookshelves. So hit
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€hit ใฏ
40:48
is our verb to hit. It's being used in a different way, of course. Because hit is this, that's
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ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใฏใ“ใ‚Œใชใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
40:56
the verb to hit, but too.
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ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใ€‚
40:59
Hit a bookshelf, when a product hits a location. It simply means to become available to become
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่ฃฝๅ“ใŒๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆœฌๆฃšใซๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ˜ใซๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง
41:08
available, so I'll write that out because it's used in the context of when a product
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ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ ่ฃฝๅ“ใŒใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใซๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡่„ˆใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ›ธใ็•™ใ‚ใฆ
41:16
hits a location, it becomes available. So you might, as let's say, a new iPhone was
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ใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ iPhone ใŒ
41:25
released or is going to be released. You might ask
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ใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
41:28
When does the new iPhone? Hit the store, hit the shelves, hit the internet because you
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„iPhoneใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใง่ณผๅ…ฅใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅบ—ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ๆฃšใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
41:38
can buy it online, right movies. When does that new movie? Hit the theaters become available
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ใ€‚ ใใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๆ˜ ็”ปใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆใƒปใ‚ถใƒปใ‚ทใ‚ขใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅŠ‡ๅ ดๅ…ฌ้–‹ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
41:46
in the theaters. So is very commonly used.
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
41:52
So when does his or his new Memoir became available, hit the bookshelves.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ›žๆƒณ้ŒฒใŒใ„ใค ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใซใชใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ๆœฌๆฃšใซใถใคใ‹ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.
41:59
All right, let's continue on Prince Harry's. Memoir was released Tuesday. This is when
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใƒใƒชใƒผ็Ž‹ๅญใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚ ๅ›žๆƒณ้Œฒใฏ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไปŠใ ใ‘ใง
42:06
it hit bookshelves Tuesday, not only offering right now. When I see this, not only, I know
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ใชใใ€็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใซๆœฌๆฃšใซไธฆใถใจใใงใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
42:17
that later on in the sentence, they're going to say, but also not only but also because
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ๆ–‡ใฎๅพŒๅŠใงๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€
42:24
those two go together. So let's find out where they say that not only
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰2ใคใŒไธ€็ท’ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
42:29
Only offering new details on the British, Royal Family's bitter internal Feud after
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่จ€ใ†ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†
42:35
days of bombshell, Revelations, and promotional interviews. Well, that was quite long actually,
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. ใˆใˆใจใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้•ทใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
42:42
but also describing. So we use this expression. Not only but also when we want to talk about
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ
42:51
two different benefits or features or points about one thing, so,
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2 ใคใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๅˆฉ็‚นใ€ๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ
43:00
so, you might say,
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43:04
The book not only talks about the royal family, but also talks about his relationship with
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ใ“ใฎๆœฌใฏ็Ž‹ๅฎคใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ฌใƒณ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใƒซใจใฎ ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
43:17
Meghan Markle. His wife, for example, not only, not only, and then you have your claws,
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผใฎๅฆปใฏใ€ใใ‚Œ ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€็ˆชใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง
43:29
but also and then you have your second Clause your second point
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ใชใใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ็ฏ€ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚‚ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
43:32
So that's a very Advanced structure. It's a nice structures, you can practice using
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใพใ™
43:37
that in your own. We use this a lot in written English but you can absolutely use it in spoken
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆ›ธใ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใŒใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚‚็ตถๅฏพใซไฝฟใˆใพใ™
43:43
English as well. So, we have not only but also let's also look at this bitter. Bitter.
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ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎ่‹ฆๅ‘ณโ€‹โ€‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่‹ฆใ„ใ€‚
43:53
Bitter. Bitter is an adjective. When someone is bitter, they're angry or upset.
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่‹ฆใ„ใ€‚ ่‹ฆใ„ ใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ ่‹ฆใ€…ใ—ใ„ใจใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:03
That about something that they just can't forget about. So let's say last week or two
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ‹ 2
44:12
weeks ago, a friend didn't invite you to their party. So you're angry and upset. You were
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้€ฑ้–“ๅ‰ใซใ€ๅ‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซๆ‹›ๅพ…ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ€’ใฃใฆๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎ
44:19
angry and upset at the time. But two weeks later, you're still angry and upset. So the
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ๆ™‚ใ€ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใฆๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€2 ้€ฑ้–“ ็ตŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใฆๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
44:26
anger and the feelings of being upset have lasted because of that event.
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ใใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ€ๆ€’ใ‚Šใจๅ‹•ๆบใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
44:33
That's when you would say she's bitter, she's been angry and upset for a long time. Angry.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒ่‹ฆใ„ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใŒ ้•ทใ„้–“ๆ€’ใฃใฆใ„ใฆๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใงใ™. ๆ€’ใ‚Šใ€‚
44:40
Mm, said, about a past event, I'll say, and you're still angry and upset now, so the family's
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ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€่จ€ใฃใŸใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใใ—ใฆ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠใ‚‚ๆ€’ใฃใฆๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใฎ
44:51
bitter Feud, a feud is a fight, it's another way of saying fight their Feud.
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่‹ฆใ„็ขบๅŸทใ€็ขบๅŸทใฏๆˆฆใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ็ขบๅŸทใจๆˆฆใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่จ€ใ†ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™.
45:03
I do hear this quite a lot in the media to describe when two people are fighting. It
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2ไบบใŒๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
45:09
could be a family, it could be within a company, it could be friends celebrities. I often hear
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ๅฎถๆ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€็คพๅ†…ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€ ๆœ‰ๅไบบใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
45:17
them described it as a feud in the media. But honestly, in in my own speech in speech
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใงใฎ็ขบๅŸทใจใ—ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅ‹ไบบใจใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใงใฎ็ง่‡ช่บซใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฏ
45:24
with my friends movies, I don't hear that a lot. It's I hear it more specifically in
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่€ณใซใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
45:29
the media in everyday context. We just say
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ๆ—ฅๅธธใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ€ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซ่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใŸใ ๅฎถๆ—ใจๆˆฆใ†ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
45:32
Fight the families. Bitter internal fight.
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ใ€‚ ็†พ็ƒˆใชๅ†…ๆˆฆใ€‚
45:38
After days of bombshell Revelations. Now a bombshell is a announcement that has a really
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็ˆ†ๅผพใฎๅ•“็คบใฎๆ—ฅใ€…ใฎๅพŒใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ็ˆ†ๅผพใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹็™บ่กจใงใ™ใ€‚
45:50
big impact because a bomb, imagine a bomb, right? So imagine you deliver news to someone
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็ˆ†ๅผพใ€็ˆ†ๅผพใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใซใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚’้…ไฟกใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๅฝฑ้ŸฟใŒๅคงใใ„ใจๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
45:58
and there's a big impact of that. In this case, a revelation is information. That wasn't
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ•“็คบใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
46:08
Available secret information and now it is available and by describing it as a bombshell.
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ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใช็ง˜ๅฏ†ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปŠใงใฏ ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ˆ†ๅผพใจใ—ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ.
46:17
It had a big impact. So that's a bombshell revelation just information being shared that
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้žๅธธใซๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่กๆ’ƒ็š„ใชๅ•“็คบใงใ™
46:26
has a very big impact. Let's continue on but also describing how he fell headlong in love
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ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ€ๅฝผใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆๅฝผใจ ็œŸใฃ้€†ใ•ใพใซๆ‹ใซ่ฝใกใŸใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
46:37
with his.
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.
46:38
Future wife, Megan Markle. So this was quite a long paragraph. And then, I summarized it
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ๆœชๆฅใฎๅฆปใ€ใƒŸใƒผใ‚ฌใƒณใƒปใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใƒซใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š ้•ทใ„ๆฎต่ฝใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’
46:46
in this very short paragraph, the media does that they like to use additional adjectives
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ใ“ใฎ้žๅธธใซ็Ÿญใ„ใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใซ่ฆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ.ใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
46:53
to make it sound really important or entertaining when you can say the same thing in a more,
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้‡่ฆใพใŸใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™
47:03
simple way. Okay, let's continue on. While many
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. ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‚
47:08
Of the details from the book titled spare have already been reported, its release at
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ใ‚นใƒšใ‚ขใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใฎๆœฌใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใฎๅคšใใฏ ใ™ใงใซๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใฎๆทฑๅคœใซใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
47:14
midnight Monday. Local time will allow the public to get their hands on a copy of a memoir
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ใ€‚ ็พๅœฐๆ™‚้–“ใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸ
47:22
filled with glimpses into a rarefied family Riven by disagreement and distrust when you
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ใจใใฎไธไธ€่‡ดใจไธไฟกใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€้ซ˜่ฒดใชๅฎถๆ—ใƒชใƒดใ‚งใƒณใ‚’ๅžฃ้–“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ›žๆƒณ้Œฒใฎใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌใฎไบบใ€…ใŒๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
47:31
get your hands on something. So notice the sentence structure, our verb is the verb guess.
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. ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆŽจๆธฌใงใ™ใ€‚
47:39
Get one's hands. The one in this case, is the subject, they so it's there. As the possessive
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ๆ‰‹ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ ใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
47:48
pronoun to get one's hands plural, hands on is our preposition. And then something, when
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get one's hands ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎๆ‰€ๆœ‰ไปฃๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€hands on ใฏ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
47:58
you get your hands on something, it just means that you have it. And we usually use this,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€
48:05
when the something might be
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48:06
For Colt to to obtain or there's some sort of significance in obtaining. Let's say there
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ใ‚ณใƒซใƒˆใŒๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ๅ–ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™. ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
48:15
were only ten iPhones that hit the shelves and I was able to get my hands on one. I was
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ๆฃšใซไธฆใ‚“ใ  iPhone ใฏ 10 ๅฐใ ใ‘ใง ใ€็งใฏ 1 ๅฐใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
48:25
able to obtain one and that is special or significant because there aren't many available.
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ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใฎใฏใ€ ๅ…ฅๆ‰‹ใงใใ‚‹ๆ•ฐใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€็‰นๅˆฅใพใŸใฏ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
48:33
So here's the example sentence and remember get one's head.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ“ใ“ใซไพ‹ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.get one's head.
48:38
Hand. So you need to match the possessive pronoun to the subject. So I put that here
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ๆ‰‹ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไธป่ชžใซไธ€่‡ดใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ…ฅใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใ‚‰
48:44
for you as well, so you remember one's hands
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ๆ‰‹ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใญ
48:49
Let's continue on, okay? With glimpses into glimpses into when you Glimpse at something,
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็ถšใ‘ใ‚ˆใ†ใญ๏ผŸ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅžฃ้–“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅžฃ้–“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€
48:58
you look at something quickly and you don't necessarily see the whole thing, you just
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใšใ€
49:06
see a part of it. So let's say I'm driving, I might Glimpse at a billboard a billboard
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ใใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใŒ่ปŠโ€‹โ€‹ใ‚’้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใƒ“ใƒซใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ ๅžฃ้–“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใƒ“ใƒซใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใฏใ€
49:14
is just a poster that you see on a highway. So I'm driving and I
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้ซ˜้€Ÿ้“่ทฏใง็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใซ
49:18
Glimpse at it, I can't stare at it, or look at it for a long time because I'm driving,
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ใกใ‚‰ใฃใจ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใ˜ใฃใจ่ฆ‹ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏ ้‹่ปขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง้•ทๆ™‚้–“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„
49:25
I have to pay attention to the road, so I might Glimpse at it quickly, so to look at
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ใ€้“่ทฏใซๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใ™ใใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ใกใ‚‰ใ‚Šใจ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
49:31
something quickly, so that let me write that for you. So to glimpse
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
49:38
To Glimpse at something is to look at something quickly. So, in this context, if we get a
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅžฃ้–“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใฐใ‚„ใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ€
49:51
glimpse into the royal family, it means we get to look at the royal family but only briefly
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็Ž‹ๅฎคใ‚’ๅžฃ้–“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ็Ž‹ๅฎคใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€
50:01
because we only get to see what the Memoir shares with us, right? So that's what it is.
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ๅ›ž้กง้ŒฒใŒ ็งใŸใกใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‘ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซใ—ใ‹่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
50:08
Trying to let us know. We get to look at the royal family, but only a little bit, rarefied
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็งใŸใกใซ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ็Ž‹ๅฎคใซ็›ฎใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใ€ๅธŒ่–„ๅŒ–ใฏ
50:16
is an adjective and as an adjective, it means not ordinary. So of course, the royal family
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆ™ฎ้€šใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™. ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็Ž‹ๅฎคใฏ
50:27
is not ordinary their extraordinary, their rarefied. So we use this as an adjective to
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ๆ™ฎ้€šใงใฏใชใใ€ไธฆๅค–ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅธŒ่–„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€
50:35
describe the family there.
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
50:38
The rarified family. So if there is a company that is quite different from ordinary companies,
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ๅธŒๅฐ‘ใชๅฎถๆ—ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๆ™ฎ้€šใฎไผš็คพใจใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Š้•ใ†ไผš็คพใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€
50:45
you might say it's a rarefied company. For example, I don't think you'll use this adjectives
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅธŒๆœ‰ใชไผš็คพใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ“ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’
50:51
too much in your vocabulary, but just to understand the article, a rarefied family Riven by disagreement,
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่ชžๅฝ™ใฎไธญใงใ‚ใพใ‚Šไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ ็›ธ้•ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆRiven by Riven,
51:01
Riven by is another way of saying /, because you have your
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Riven byใฏ/ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™.
51:08
We as a whole, the family is not arguing there together, but if the family is divided Riven
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ๅ…จไฝ“ใจใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใฏไธ€็ท’ใซ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใŒRivenใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
51:17
by it means the disagreement caused the family to separate to become divided Riven by. So
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ็›ธ้•ใŒๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’ ๅˆ†้›ขใ•ใ›ใ€Rivenใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
51:26
this is another way of seeing / / disagreement. Let's continue on some, Britain's flocked
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ / / ไธไธ€่‡ดใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹็ถšใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†, ่‹ฑๅ›ฝใฏไธ€ๅคœ
51:36
to bookshops overnight to be
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ใซใ—ใฆๆœฌๅฑ‹ใซ็พคใŒใ‚Šใ€ไบˆๅ‚™ใฎใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ‚’
51:38
Among the first to buy a copy of spare, when you flock to a location it describes, when
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ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹
51:45
a large number of people go to a location generally at or around the same time. So you
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. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ iPhone ใŒ็™บๅฃฒใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€
51:53
might say that people flocked to the Apple Store when the new iPhone hit the shells.
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ไบบใ€…ใŒ Apple Store ใซ็พคใŒใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
52:09
When the new iPhone hit the shelves, they flocked to, so a large number of people and
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ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ iPhone ใŒๆฃšใซไธฆใถใจใ€ ๅคงๅ‹ขใฎไบบใŒ้›†ใพใ‚Šใ€iPhone ใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ—ฅๆ™‚ใซใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ•
52:15
they generally went around the same time because the iPhone was released at a specific date
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ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใงใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซๅŒใ˜ๆ™‚้–“ๅธฏใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸ
52:22
and time and that's when everybody went. So to flock to a large number of people, let's
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ๅคงๅ‹ขใฎไบบใ€…ใซ็พคใŒใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€
52:29
continue on some of the books. Most eye-catching passages include allegations that Harry's
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆœฌใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†. ๆœ€ใ‚‚็›ฎใ‚’ๅผ•ใ ๆ–‡็ซ ใซใฏใ€ใƒใƒชใƒผใฎ
52:36
brother and heir to the throne
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ๅ…„ๅผŸใง็Ž‹ไฝ็ถ™ๆ‰ฟ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹
52:38
Prince William physically, attacked him during a dispute that his stepmother Camilla, the
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ็Ž‹ๅญใŒใ€ ๅฝผใฎ็ถ™ๆฏใงใ‚ใ‚‹็Ž‹ๅฆƒใ‚ซใƒŸใƒฉใŒๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
52:44
queen consort leaked private conversations to bolster her reputation and that his father
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ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ๆผใ‚‰ใ— ใ€็ˆถ่ฆชใฎ
52:50
King, Charles the Third had pleaded with his sons to not make his final years of misery
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ใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒซใ‚บ3ไธ–ใŒๅ˜†้ก˜ใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†่ซ–ไบ‰ไธญใซๅฝผใ‚’็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ไธปๅผตใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฎๆฏๅญใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ๆ‚ฒๆƒจใชๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅนดใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
52:58
with they're arguing. So remember, we learned another word, another word for fighting we
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. ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€
53:06
could say, with they're arguing,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ
53:09
With their fighting, with their feuding, that could be another word with they're feuding.
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ๆˆฆใ„ใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅ็›ฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“.
53:16
So I'll leave that there.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใใ“ใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
53:20
When something is eye-catching, it means that your eye is drawn to it, so your eye naturally
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็›ฎใ‚’ๅผ•ใใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใซ็›ฎใ‚’ๅฅชใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ€่‡ช็„ถใจ็›ฎใŒ
53:29
goes to it. It is more interesting or it stands out more, it gets your attention. That's eye-catching.
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่กŒใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ข็™ฝใ„ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้š›็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใง ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆณจ็›ฎใ‚’้›†ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็›ฎใ‚’ๅผ•ใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
53:40
So, the passages passage is just right. Now, we're reading a passage of this article, so
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใƒ‘ใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใŒใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ„ใ„ใ€‚ ไปŠใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฎไธ€็ฏ€ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€
53:48
it's a piece.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ”ใƒผใ‚นใงใ™.
53:49
Us of the article article and eye-catching is most interesting Parts passages. Most interesting.
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ๅฝ“่จ˜ไบ‹ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใจ็›ฎใ‚’ๅผ•ใใฎใฏใ€ ๆœ€ใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ„ไธ€็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ใ‚‚่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
53:58
Now, it could be another adjective interesting, engaging most entertaining for example, but
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
54:05
I'll just say most interesting.
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.
54:09
An allegation is when someone accuses someone else, you did this. That's my allegation against
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็”ณใ—็ซ‹ใฆใจใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’้ž้›ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹็งใฎไธปๅผตใงใ™
54:18
you. So Harry had allegations against his brother William. You did this. That's what
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใƒใƒชใƒผใฏๅ…„ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ็”ณใ—็ซ‹ใฆใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
54:27
he said in the book, so he physically attacked him. So physical means that there was violence
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ๆœฌใซใใ†ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ‚ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ่บซไฝ“็š„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๆšดๅŠ›ใŒ
54:36
involved, he touched him. He
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้–ขไธŽใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฝผใซ่งฆใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏ
54:38
Maybe hit him, we don't know. But there's some sort of physical illness. Attacked him
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฝผใ‚’ๆฎดใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ่บซไฝ“็–พๆ‚ฃใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ซ–ไบ‰ไธญใซๅฝผใ‚’ๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใŸ
54:44
during a dispute. Dispute is another word for fight during a fight or an argument, or
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ใ€‚ Dispute ใจใฏใ€ ๅ–งๅ˜ฉไธญใฎๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ€ๅฃ่ซ–ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็ขบๅŸทใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™
54:54
again, a feud. We could say, Camilla leaked, when you leak something, it's when you make
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒŸใƒฉใŒใƒชใƒผใ‚ฏใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใƒชใƒผใ‚ฏใ—ใŸใจใใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ—ใŸใจใใงใ™
55:02
it available, but it should not be available. So these private conversations
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ใŒใ€ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ™ใƒผใƒˆใชไผš่ฉฑใซใฏ
55:09
Seasons their private for a reason, but if you leak them is, when I say, oh, here's the
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็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆผใ‚‰ใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
55:16
conversation. And I give it to you, but you shouldn't have it. So, that is the verb to
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ไผš่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆผใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
55:21
leak. This is a verb. I know it's a verb because it's conjugated in the past simple. So to
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใจใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
55:28
make
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55:33
Information available, when it shouldn't be, because it's private information. It's not
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ๅ€‹ไบบๆƒ…ๅ ฑใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
55:40
supposed to be public to bolster her reputation bolster in this sense, is another way of saying
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’ๅผทๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงๅ…ฌ่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
55:49
to improve to increase, to bolster her reputation to improve improve or increase. But in this
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. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ
56:00
case, it's improved because you don't necessarily
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚
56:02
Surly increase a reputation, but you can improve it. A lot of people don't like Camilla, right?
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Surly ใฎ่ฉ•ๅˆคใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๆ”นๅ–„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆ”นๅ–„ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎไบบใฏใ‚ซใƒŸใƒฉใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
56:08
She has a negative reputation, she wants to improve it to bolster it.
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ่ฉ•ๅˆคใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใฎใงใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ”นๅ–„ใ—ใฆๅผทๅŒ–ใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:15
Now I think to plead with someone is please don't please don't, that's to plead with someone
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ไปŠใ€็งใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅ˜†้ก˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซ
56:23
to plead with his sons. Not to make his final years. A misery a misery would be terrible
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ๅฝผใฎๆฏๅญใŸใกใซๆ‡‡้ก˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ‡‡้ก˜ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™. ๅฝผใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅนดใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‰ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใซ ใ€‚ ๆƒจใ‚ใ•ใ€ๆƒจใ‚ใ•ใ€ใฒใฉใ„
56:31
a misery with they're arguing feuding disputing or fighting. Let's continue on the publication
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ๆ‚ฒๆƒจใ•ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไบ‰ใ„ใ€่ซ–ไบ‰ ใ€ไบ‰ใ„ใ‚’ไธปๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
56:40
of such a Frank and revealing account is an ear.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใฎๅ‡บ็‰ˆใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใใ—ใฆๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใฏ่€ณใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใƒใƒชใƒผใŒๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็Ž‹ๅฎคใฎ
56:44
Dented event in the centuries-old history of Britain's Royals who has Harry has pointed
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ไฝ•ไธ–็ด€ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹ๆญดๅฒใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ใธใ“ใ‚“ใ ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹
56:51
out. Double as both a family and National Institution, the book has led to questions
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ใ€‚ ๅฎถๆ—ใจๅ›ฝๅฎถๆฉŸ้–ขใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ๅ…ผใญใ‚‹ ใ“ใฎๆœฌใฏใ€ๅ›ไธปๅˆถใซ
56:57
over whether it could deal lasting damage to the monarchy even asking whether its future.
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ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใชใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใใฎ ๅฐ†ๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใˆ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™.
57:03
Existence is now, less certain, okay of Frank and revealing account, Frank is another way
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ๅญ˜ๅœจใฏไปŠใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็ขบๅฎŸใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏ ใจๆšด้œฒใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใฎๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™.ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใฏใ€ๆญฃ็›ดใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
57:12
of saying honest, an
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57:15
Best and revealing just write this first honest, revealing is, when you share a lot of details.
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.
57:24
So that comes from the verb to reveal, which means to share with details.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใซ็”ฑๆฅใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
57:30
So to reveal to reveal a lot of details or information to share, share a lot of details
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ๅคšใใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใพใŸใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ ใ€ๅคšใใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใพใŸใฏๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใพใ™
57:38
or information.
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ใ€‚
57:42
And then Frank means honest, an unprecedented event is an event that doesn't happen very
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ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฏใจใฏใ€ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๅ‰ไพ‹ใฎใชใ„ ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใฃใŸใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™
57:53
often. It's never happened. It's unprecedented. Now, unprecedented on its own means that it's
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅ‰ไปฃๆœช่žใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ‰ไพ‹ใฎใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒ
58:01
never happened before. But when you say near unprecedented, it means that it's almost so
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ๅ‰ไพ‹ใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ‰ไปฃๆœช่žใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใใฏ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใปใผ่ฟ‘ใ„ๆ‰‹ๆฎตใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
58:09
near means. Almost
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ใ€‚ ใปใผ
58:11
In this sense so it's implying that it's almost never happened before and the event is sharing
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ใ“ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซใปใจใ‚“ใฉ ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฏ
58:18
so much information about the royal family publicly leaking that information giving you
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็Ž‹ๅฎคใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใ€ ใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ…ฌใซๆผใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
58:26
a glimpse into the private life of the Royals.
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็Ž‹ๅฎคใฎ็ง็”Ÿๆดปใ‚’ๅžฃ้–“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.
58:34
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
58:37
And our final paragraph here. He has said that he still wants a reconciliation with
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆฎต่ฝใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏใพใ ๅฎถๆ—ใจใฎๅ’Œ่งฃใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
58:44
his family. When you have a Reconciliation, it's when so two parties, they're disputing
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ใ€‚ ๅ’Œ่งฃใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ2ใคใฎๅฝ“ไบ‹่€…ใŒๅ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
58:51
they're feuding, they're fighting, but if they reconcile, which is the verb to reconcile
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ไบ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ— ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ’Œ่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ’Œ่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹
58:58
is when they come back together as a family. So, right now there's Prince Harry here and
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅฎถๆ—ใจใ—ใฆไธ€็ท’ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใƒใƒชใƒผ็Ž‹ๅญใงใ€
59:06
there's Prince
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59:07
William Prince, Charles or King Charles here, they're divided. Right? So to bring them back
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ็Ž‹ๅญใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒซใ‚บใ€ใพใŸใฏใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒซใ‚บ็š‡ๅคชๅญใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ…ƒใซๆˆปใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ
59:14
together. That's to reconcile reconciliation is just the noun of it to reconcile. We use
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ’Œ่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ’Œ่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๅ’Œ่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฎๅ่ฉžใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
59:23
this a lot in a legal context because if a husband and wife, they separate which is illegal
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆณ•ๅพ‹ไธŠใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคซใจๅฆปใŒ้›ขๅฉšใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ
59:32
event when they no longer want to be married. But then if they reconcile, it means they
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็ตๅฉšใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซ้•ๆณ•ใชๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†็†็”ฑใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅ’Œ่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ
59:39
do want to be married again and they do not end their marriage that's reconcile. So to
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ๅ†ใณ็ตๅฉšใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅ’Œ่งฃใ—ใŸ็ตๅฉšใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
59:46
become friendly again after a dispute to reconcile. So, he wants to reconcile, he wants all reconciliation
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ๅ’Œ่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ่ซ–ไบ‰ใฎๅพŒใซๅ†ใณๅ‹ๅฅฝ็š„ใซใชใ‚‹. ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใฏๅ’Œ่งฃใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใฏๅฎถๆ—ใจใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๅ’Œ่งฃใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใŠใ‚Š
59:57
with his family and believes one is possible. But asked whether he
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใฏ็ˆถ่ฆชใจๅ…„ๅผŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆฉ‹ใ‚’็‡ƒใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸ
60:02
Burned his Bridges with his father and brother to burn.
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ใ€‚
60:09
One's bridge is an idiom. So imagine right. Now if I'm here and I want to get there and
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One's bridge ใฏใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆญฃใ—ใๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใฆใใ“ใซ่กŒใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใ“ใซ
60:17
there's a bridge, I can easily go back and forth between the two, right. But if I burn
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ๆฉ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ2ใคใฎ้–“ใ‚’่กŒใฃใŸใ‚ŠๆฅใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ . ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆฉ‹ใ‚’็‡ƒใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ‚‰
60:24
the bridge, the bridge is no longer there, I can't get there, right? So it's when you
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ๆฉ‹ใŒใชใใชใฃใฆใ€ ใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
60:32
act in a way that makes reconciliation impossible or act in a way.
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ๅ’Œ่งฃใ‚’ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใจใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใง่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ ไป–ใฎ
60:38
Way that it's impossible to get to something else. So a lot of people are revised. When
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไธๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ”นๅฟƒใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใ€‚
60:45
you quit your job, don't burn your Bridges because you want to be able to go back to
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ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่พžใ‚ใŸใจใใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซๆˆปใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†็†็”ฑใงๆฉ‹ใ‚’็‡ƒใ‚„ใ•ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
60:52
that job in the future. How could you burn your Bridges? Well, if you tell your boss,
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ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ธใ‚’็‡ƒใ‚„ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹ ? ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธŠๅธใซ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€
60:59
you were the worst employer I ever had. I hated working for you. You're a jerk and you
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใŒไปŠใพใงใงๆœ€ๆ‚ชใฎ้›‡็”จไธปใ ใฃใŸ. ็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅƒใใฎใŒๅซŒใ„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ‚ฏใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
61:06
do something that makes it so.
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ใใ†ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
61:09
Your employer would never want to work with you again. So that bridge to that job is gone,
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้›‡็”จไธปใฏไบŒๅบฆใจใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใใŸใใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใใฎไป•ไบ‹ใธใฎๆžถใ‘ๆฉ‹ใฏใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆ
61:16
right? So here I've added the definition. And the example. Don't burn your Bridges when
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ใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใซๅฎš็พฉใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใใฎไพ‹ใ€‚ ็ต‚ไบ†ๆ™‚ใซใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ธใ‚’็‡ƒใ‚„ใ•ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
61:23
you quit. So be very polite friendly because you may need a reference from your company
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไผš็คพใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ็ดนไป‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใ‚„ใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ
61:30
or you may want to go back to that company in the future. So that's the article. I'm
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ใใฎไผš็คพใซๆˆปใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ€้žๅธธใซ็คผๅ„€ๆญฃใ—ใๅ‹ๅฅฝ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ . ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
61:36
sure there's a lot more in
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61:38
Interesting details about this new Memoir spare. Are you going to read it? Share it
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ใ“ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ›ž้กง้Œฒใฎใ‚นใƒšใ‚ขใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่ฉณ็ดฐใซใฏใ€ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
61:44
in the comments if you plan on reading this Memoir. And now what I'm going to do is I'm
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ใ“ใฎๅ›ž้กง้Œฒใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ไบˆๅฎšใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไปŠใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
61:49
going to read the article from start to finish in full so you can practice along with my
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซๆฒฟใฃใฆ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ชญใ‚€ใ“ใจใงใ™
61:54
pronunciation. Let's do that now.
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. ไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ
61:58
Prince Harry's Memoir spare which captures the ugly side of Royal life hits bookshelves
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็Ž‹ๅฎคใฎ้†œใ„ๅด้ขใ‚’ๆ‰ใˆใŸใƒใƒชใƒผ็Ž‹ๅญใฎๅ›žๆƒณ้Œฒใ‚นใƒšใ‚ขใŒ ๆœฌๆฃšใซใƒ’ใƒƒใƒˆ
62:05
Prince Harry's Memoir was released Tuesday, not only offering new details on the British
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ใƒใƒชใƒผ็Ž‹ๅญใฎๅ›ž้กง้Œฒใฏ็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ•ใ‚Œใ€็ˆ†ๅผพใ€้ป™็คบ้Œฒใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใƒขใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใฎๆ•ฐๆ—ฅๅพŒใฎ ่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็Ž‹ๅฎคใฎ่‹ฆใ„ใ€ๅ†…้ƒจใฎ็ขบๅŸทใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
62:12
Royal Family's bitter, internal Feud after days of bombshell, Revelations and promotional
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62:18
interviews. But also describing how he fell headlong in love with his future wife. Megan
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. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใŒๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๅฆปใจๆ‹ใซ่ฝใกใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใƒŸใƒผใ‚ฌใƒณใƒป
62:24
Markle while many of the details from the book titled
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ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏใƒซใฏใ€Thereใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใฎๆœฌใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใฎๅคšใใŒใ€
62:28
There have already been reported its release at midnight Monday. Local time will allow
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ๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใฎ็œŸๅคœไธญใซใƒชใƒชใƒผใ‚นใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ™ใงใซๅ ฑๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™. ๅœฐๅ…ƒใฎๆ™‚้–“ใฏใ€
62:34
the public to get their hands on a copy of a memoir filled, with glimpses into a rarefied
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62:41
family Riven by disagreement and distrust. Some Britain's flock to book shops overnight,
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ๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ็›ธ้•ใจไธไฟกใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ้ซ˜่ฒดใชใƒชใƒดใ‚งใƒณใฎๅฎถๆ—ใ‚’ๅžฃ้–“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅ›žๆƒณ้Œฒใฎใ‚ณใƒ”ใƒผใ‚’ไธ€่ˆฌใฎไบบใ€…ใŒๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฏ่ƒฝใซใ—ใพใ™. ไธ€้ƒจใฎ่‹ฑๅ›ฝไบบใฏใ€ไบˆๅ‚™ใฎๆœฌใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่ณผๅ…ฅใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคœ้–“ใซๆ›ธๅบ—ใซ้›†ใพใ‚Šใพใ™
62:48
to be among the first to buy a copy of spare, some of the books. Most eye-catching passages
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ใ€‚ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบ็›ฎใ‚’ๅผ•ใๆ–‡็ซ ใซใฏใ€
62:55
include allegations that Harry's brother.
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ใƒใƒชใƒผใฎๅ…„ๅผŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไธปๅผตใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
62:58
sir and heir to the throne Prince William physically, attacked him during a dispute
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ใ‚ตใƒผใจ็Ž‹ไฝ็ถ™ๆ‰ฟ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒชใ‚ขใƒ ็Ž‹ๅญใฏ ใ€
63:05
that his stepmother Camilla, the queen consort leaked private conversations to bolster her
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ๅฝผใฎ็ถ™ๆฏใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฅณ็Ž‹ใฎ้…ๅถ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒŸใƒฉใŒ ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่ฉ•ๅˆคใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ง็š„ใชไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ๆผใ‚‰ใ—
63:12
reputation and that his father King, Charles the Third had pleaded with his sons to not
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ใ€ๅฝผใฎ็ˆถใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒซใ‚บ 3ไธ–ใŒๆฏๅญใŸใกใซๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅนดใ‚’ใจใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ‡‡้ก˜ใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†่ซ–ไบ‰ใฎไธญใงๅฝผใ‚’็‰ฉ็†็š„ใซๆ”ปๆ’ƒใ—ใŸ.
63:19
make his final years, a misery with their arguing, the publication of such a Frank and
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ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไธปๅผตใ‚’ไผดใ†ๆ‚ฒๆƒจใ• ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Ž‡็›ดใงๆšด้œฒ็š„ใช่ชฌๆ˜Žใฎๅ‡บ็‰ˆใฏใ€่‹ฑๅ›ฝ็Ž‹ๅฎคใฎ
63:26
revealing account is an
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63:28
Unprecedented event in the centuries-old history of Britain's Royals. Who, as Harry has pointed
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ไฝ•ไธ–็ด€ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹ๆญดๅฒใฎไธญใงๅ‰ไพ‹ใฎใชใ„ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใงใ™ . ใƒใƒชใƒผใŒๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
63:35
out, double as both a family and National Institution, the book has led to questions
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ใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใจๅ›ฝๅฎถๆฉŸ้–ขใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ๅ…ผใญใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใ“ใฎๆœฌใฏใ€ๅ›ไธปๅˆถใซ
63:41
over whether it could deal lasting damage to the monarchy even asking whether its future.
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ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใชใƒ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็–‘ๅ•ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ใ€ ใใฎๅฐ†ๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆใ•ใˆๅฐ‹ใญใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
63:48
Existence is now. Less certain Harry has said that he still wants a reconciliation with
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ๅญ˜ๅœจใฏไปŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒชใƒผใฏ ใพใ ๅฎถๆ—ใจใฎๅ’Œ่งฃใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใŠใ‚Šใ€
63:55
his family and believes one is possible.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
63:58
But asked whether he had burned his Bridges with his father and brother, amazing job with
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใŒ็ˆถ่ฆชใจๅ…„ๅผŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซใƒ–ใƒชใƒƒใ‚ธใ‚’็‡ƒใ‚„ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฐ‹ใญใŸใจใ“ใ‚ ใ€
64:04
that article. Now, feel free to hit pause, take a break, go get a cup of coffee, or tea
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ใใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ้ฉšใในใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ใ€ๆฐ—่ปฝใซไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ€ ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใŠ่Œถใฎ
64:10
review. The vocabulary you just learned and when you're ready, hit play and will continue
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ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใจใ€ ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ€
64:17
on with the next article.
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ๆฌกใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
64:19
We are talking about one of the most popular stores around the world. Walmart, do you shop
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ไธ–็•Œไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไบบๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅบ—ใฎ 1 ใคใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใง่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹
64:27
at Walmart? I'm sure is very popular in your city, right? If it is let us know in the comments
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? ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ก—ใงใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
64:33
and we're talking specifically about begs. So let's read the headline. Walmart band's,
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ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏ็‰ฉไนžใ„ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ—ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆ ใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ
64:39
single use bags in more stores. First, let's talk about the word ban. This is a verb right
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ไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๅบ—่ˆ—ใง่ฒฉๅฃฒใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใšใ€ ็ฆๆญขใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
64:48
now is conjugated in.
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now is conjugated in.
64:50
The present simple and is conjugated with Walmart which is it Walmart. The subject is
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็พๅœจใฎใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใง Walmart ใจๆดป็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ Walmart ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŠ้กŒใฏ
64:57
it? So it bans single use bags in more stores. So to ban when you been something you no longer
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๏ผŸ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๅบ—่ˆ—ใงไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’็ฆๆญขใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ—ใชใใชใฃใŸใจใใซ็ฆๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
65:10
allow it so to no longer allow it to no longer allow something, we can even use this.
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ใซใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
65:20
With someone for example, you might say she was banned from Walmart because she stole
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ ็›—ใ‚“ใ ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰่ฟฝๆ”พใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
65:33
something. So she took an item without paying for it. That means to steal, this is the past
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใงๅฝผๅฅณใฏใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ‚ใšใซใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ็›—ใ‚€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใฎ
65:42
simple stole. So she stole something which is illegal obviously. So she is no longer.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใช็›—ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ้•ๆณ•ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚‚ใ†ใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
65:50
Allowed at Walmart, she's banned from Walmart. Now, we use this with things like bags. You
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใงใฏ่จฑๅฏใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰็ฆๆญขใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™. ไปŠใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใชใฉใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
65:59
can use it with certain products like smoking. Smoking is banned in almost all public places
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ๅ–ซ็…™ใชใฉใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ฃฝๅ“ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ๅŒ—็ฑณใงใฏใ€ ใปใผใ™ในใฆใฎๅ…ฌๅ…ฑใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใงๅ–ซ็…™ใŒ็ฆๆญขใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
66:07
at least in North America. So smoking has been banned from all restaurants. I'll say
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงๅ–ซ็…™ใŒ็ฆๆญขใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:18
all restaurants in North America.
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ๅŒ—็ฑณใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
66:20
At least, is it the same in your country? Can you smoke in a restaurant? You certainly
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ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงๅ–ซ็…™ใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
66:24
cannot in North America. Notice I put the present perfect smoking has been banned. I
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ๅŒ—็ฑณใงใฏ็ตถๅฏพใซใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒๅ…จ็ฆ็…™ใซใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ
66:32
use the present perfect simply because it's a completed action in the past, but there's
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ้ŽๅŽปใซๅฎŒไบ†ใ—ใŸ่กŒ็‚บใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใŒใ€
66:39
a result in the present. The result now is you cannot smoke at a restaurant. That's why
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็พๅœจใซใฏ็ตๆžœใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็ตๆžœใ€ ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงใฏๅ–ซ็…™ใงใใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰
66:46
I used the present perfect.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใ€‚
66:50
Act now notice, this is also in the passive form. I should point out to be banned because
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ไปŠใ™ใ่กŒๅ‹•ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็ฆๆญขใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
66:58
she is receiving the action, she isn't doing the action, right? So, if I wanted to put
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ ใญ? ใงใฏใ€
67:06
it in the active form, what would I do to this sentence to put this sentence in the
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
67:11
active form?
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?
67:14
I would start with Walmart, which is the subject doing the action Walmart? Banned her from
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏพ่ฑกใฏใฉใ‚Œใงใ™ใ‹? ๅฝผๅฅณใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’
67:25
its stores, Walmart stores because she stole something Walmart, banned her from its stores
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็›—ใ‚“ใ ใฎใงใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใฎๅบ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’็ฆๆญขใ— ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ ใฎใงใใฎๅบ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’็ฆๆญขใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
67:37
because she stole something. Now, in this case, I would say
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€
67:43
Durant's have banned smoking to put it in the active form. So this is a common one to
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ใƒ‡ใƒฅใƒฉใƒณใƒˆใฏๅ–ซ็…™ใ‚’็ฆๆญขใ—ใฆ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๅฝขใซใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
67:52
put in the passive form because it's focusing on the result of the action, not who is doing
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่ชฐใŒใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎ็ตๆžœใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™
67:59
the action. So that could be a good one to practice in the active and the passive. And
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ่ƒฝๅ‹•็š„ใŠใ‚ˆใณๅ—ๅ‹•็š„ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้ฉใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใŒๅฟ…่ฆใช
68:04
you can do that in the comments section if you'd like now single-use bag.
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ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆๆฌ„ใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ .
68:11
This is a single-use bag, you use it once and then you throw it away. That's where the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝฟใ„ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใงใ€ไธ€ๅบฆไฝฟใฃ ใŸใ‚‰ๆจใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
68:20
single use came from, on the other hand. This is a, a reusable bag, and, of course, the
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆใฏใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใชใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใงใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€
68:29
right here in the picture as well. Let's continue on. Walmart will eliminate our future simple.
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ๅ†™็œŸใฎๅณๅดใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๆœชๆฅใ‚’็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใชใฎใงใ€
68:37
So, this hasn't happened yet because it's
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใพใ ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
68:40
In the future simple. Which is, of course, we'll + base verb. That's our future simple
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ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ + ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎๆœชๆฅใงใ™
68:49
will eliminate single, use paper and plastic. So the example I gave was just plastic, but
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ใ€‚ ็งใŒๆŒ™ใ’ใŸไพ‹ใฏใŸใ ใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใŒใ€
68:57
you can also have single use paper, a paper bag and then you throw it out after one. Use
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ไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆใฎ็ด™ใ‚„็ด™่ข‹ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฌกใ€…ใจๆจใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใƒผใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
69:03
carry out bags, a carry-out bag is just a bag that you use to
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ใ€‚ใ‚ญใƒฃใƒชใƒผใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๆŒใก้‹ใถใŸใ‚ใซ ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใงใ™
69:10
carry out your items. So instead of carrying them in your hands, you obviously put your
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆ‰‹ใซๆŒใฃใฆ้‹ใถใฎใงใฏใชใ ใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซ
69:17
items in your bag and you use the bag to carry out the items. So that's just what they mean
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ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใซใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ€ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’้‹ใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
69:24
by a carry-out bag at the register. So this is the register where you pay. This looks
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ใƒฌใ‚ธใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚Š็”จใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใƒฌใ‚ธใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
69:33
like a self checkout and there is a scanner and you can put your payment details. So this
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ใ‚ปใƒซใƒ•ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ€ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒŠใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ„ใฎ่ฉณ็ดฐใ‚’ๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
69:40
is a register what you see in the picture right here at the register from stores in
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69:46
New York Connecticut and Colorado this month. So a specific stores
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ไปŠๆœˆใฎใ‚ณใƒใƒใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆๅทžใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใจใ‚ณใƒญใƒฉใƒ‰ๅทžใฎๅบ—่ˆ—ใฎใƒฌใ‚ธใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใฎๅ†™็œŸใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒฌใ‚ธใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅบ—่ˆ—
69:54
Let's continue on, Walmart offers reusable shopping bags, starting at 74 cents for customers
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็ถšใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใฏๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใชใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„้กงๅฎขใซใฏ 74 ใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰
70:01
without their own bags. So Walmart will no longer provide you with a bag. You have to
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใฏ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
70:09
pay for a bag. So you either bring your own bag to the store or you purchase one of their
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ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใฎไปฃ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๅบ—ใซๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใ‹ใ€1 ใƒ‰ใƒซๆœชๆบ€ใฎ 74 ใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใงใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ 1 ใค่ณผๅ…ฅใ—ใพใ™
70:18
bags for 74 cents, Which is less than
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70:23
A dollar. Now notice, it says starting at which means that 74 cents is the minimum price
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ 74 ใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใŒๆœ€ไฝŽไพกๆ ผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
70:32
there. Maybe begs that are more expensive. So maybe seventy four cents is for a small
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ใ€‚ ๅคšๅˆ†ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ซ˜ไพกใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ74ใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใฏๅฐใ•ใช
70:40
bag and then there are larger bags that are a dollar twenty-five. For example, we see
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ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใฎๅ ดๅˆใงใ€25ใƒ‰ใƒซใฎๅคงใใชใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ . ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
70:46
this starting at plus price. So starting at plus price
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นไพกๆ ผใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใชใฎใงใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นไพกๆ ผใงใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใƒˆ
70:53
To say that the price is the minimum price. So we see this a lot in real estate. It might
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ไพกๆ ผใŒๆœ€ไฝŽไพกๆ ผใจ่จ€ใ†ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธๅ‹•็”ฃใงใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
71:03
say these new condos start at 300,000 these new condos start at 300,000 which means the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‰ใƒŸใƒ‹ใ‚ขใƒ ใฏ 300,000 ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ‰ใƒŸใƒ‹ใ‚ขใƒ ใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅฐใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ 300,000 ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™
71:16
smallest unit. The cheapest unit is 300,000 and there are more expensive.
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ใ€‚ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅฎ‰ใ„ใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒˆใฏ 300,000 ใงใ€ใใ‚Œ ไปฅไธŠใฎใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
71:24
Units available so start at plus a price minimum price. All right. And notice our verb tense
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ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใชใƒฆใƒ‹ใƒƒใƒˆใชใฎใงใ€ๆœ€ไฝŽไพกๆ ผใซๅŠ ใˆใฆไพกๆ ผใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
71:33
here offers what verb tenses. This Walmart offers. It is the present simple. Right present
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใŒ ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใช็พๅœจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ•ใซ็พๅœจใฎ
71:42
simple. And in this case we're using the present simple because it's just a fact Walmart offers.
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ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็พๅœจๅ˜็ด”ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใŒๆไพ›ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
71:49
It's a fact Walmart offers reusable shopping bags.
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใŒๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใชใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไบ‹ๅฎŸใงใ™ ใ€‚
71:53
Gun. This is a reusable shopping bag. So what about you do you currently use reusable shopping
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้Šƒใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ็พๅœจๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใชใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
72:00
bags. When you go to the store, do you take your own reusable shopping bags? Mmm. Share
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ใ€‚ ใŠๅบ—ใซ่กŒใใจใใ€ใƒžใ‚คใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
72:05
that in the comments if you like.
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ใ€‚ ่ฉฑใ‚’
72:08
Let's continue on, Walmart is policies, will mean the company is ahead of lawmakers in
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็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใฏๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
72:14
these states in the growing push to eliminate banks that are typically used once and then
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้€šๅธธไธ€ๅบฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ‹ใ‚‰
72:20
discarded. All right, so, here, the company is ahead of lawmakers, this implies that a
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็ ดๆฃ„ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹้Š€่กŒใ‚’ๆŽ’้™คใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•ใใŒๅผทใพใ‚‹ไธญใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅทžใฎ่ญฐๅ“กใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅŒ็คพใŒๅ…ˆใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ไผš็คพใฏ ่ญฐๅ“กใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้€ฒใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
72:31
lawmaker, of course, is someone who makes a law. So this will likely be some sort of
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€่ญฐๅ“กใฏๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ไบบใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎๆ”ฟๅบœใฎๆณ•ๅพ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
72:37
Government law. So they are creating the law and soon legally, we will not be able to use
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ‚’ๅˆถๅฎšใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ้–“ใ‚‚ใชใๅˆๆณ•็š„ใซใ€็งใŸใกใฏใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใชใใชใ‚Š
72:48
plastic bags, they're going to ban them. So Walmart knows that's going to happen. And
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ใ€็ฆๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎšใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใฏใใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใใ—ใฆใ€
72:55
they're doing it on their own before the official law. So before they're officially legally
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅ…ฌๅผใฎๆณ•ๅพ‹ใฎๅ‰ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŸใกใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ . ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
73:04
required by the government Walmart,
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใฎใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใŒๆญฃๅผใซๆณ•็š„ใซ่ฆๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€
73:08
Doing this. So that means there are ahead of the law now also let's look at this in
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆณ•ใ‚’ๅ…ˆๅ–ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ็พๅœจใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
73:14
the growing push growing in this context means increasing increasing increasing now a push
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงๆˆ้•ทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ๅข—ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚็พๅœจใ€
73:28
to do something is when Walmart is feeling pressure to do this probably because
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎๆŽจ้€ฒๅŠ›ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใŒ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
73:38
Because of environmental groups, because of climate change because of consumer, preferences,
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็’ฐๅขƒๅ›ฃไฝ“ใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฟ‘ใ„ๅฐ†ๆฅ็™บ่กจใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆ”ฟๅบœใฎๆ”ฟ็ญ–ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ ๆถˆ่ฒป่€…ใ€ๅ—œๅฅฝใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ่กŒๅ‹•ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๆฐ—ๅ€™ๅค‰ๅ‹•ใฎๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ
73:46
and behavior because of government policies that are going to come out in the near future.
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ใ€‚
73:53
So there's a lot of pressure from other people to do something and that pressure is increasing
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซไป–ใฎไบบใ‹ใ‚‰ๅคšใใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ใใฎใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใฏๆˆ้•ทใจใจใ‚‚ใซ้ซ˜ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
74:00
with growing. So push to, you can think of that. Just as
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. ๆŠผใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
74:07
Pressure to, which means many people want something to happen. So, within a business
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ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใฎ
74:19
context, you might say within our company, there's a growing push to work in the office.
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ๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€็คพๅ†…ใง ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใงๅƒใใ“ใจใธใฎๅœงๅŠ›ใŒ้ซ˜ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
74:35
So right now, most people are working remotely right at home, but there's a growing which
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็พๅœจใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใŒ่‡ชๅฎ…ใงใƒชใƒขใƒผใƒˆใงไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใใฎๅ‚พๅ‘ใŒๅผทใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใฎๅฟ…่ฆๆ€งใŒ
74:42
means increasing pushed to. So pressure from HR department from your boss. From Managers,
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้ซ˜ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธŠๅธใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎไบบไบ‹้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎๅœงๅŠ›ใ€‚ ใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
74:50
from clients, from stakeholders, they're saying, we want you back in the office, there's a
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅˆฉๅฎณ้–ขไฟ‚่€…ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซๆˆปใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
74:56
growing push to work in the office. Let's continue on. Oh, I'll just point out. Discarded
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ใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใงๅƒใใ“ใจใธใฎๅœงๅŠ›ใŒ้ซ˜ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ€ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™ใ€‚ Discarded ๆจใฆใฆ
75:04
It is another way of saying thrown out, thrown out, and then discarded thrown out, which
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ใ€ๆจใฆใฆใ€ๆจใฆใฆใ€ๆจใฆใ‚‹ใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™
75:13
means put in the garbage.
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ใ€‚
75:17
So, put in the garbage. So Throne is the third form of the verb. The verb is irregular. Its
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ดใƒŸใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€Throne ใฏ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅฝขๅผใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
75:29
throw through, and then thrown
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ใ‚นใƒซใƒผใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆ
75:35
Throw out I threw out my plastic bag. I've already thrown out all my plastic bags. I've
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ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใ‚’ๆจใฆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ™ใงใซใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใ‚’ๆจใฆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
75:44
put them in the garbage discarded as a more formal way of saying it. Honestly for your
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆญฃๅผใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใจใ—ใฆใ€ๅปƒๆฃ„ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚ดใƒŸใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ
75:51
purposes and everyday context, use throw out, it's way more comment.
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็›ฎ็š„ใจๆ—ฅๅธธใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€throw out ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅคšใใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œไปฅๅ‰ใฎ
75:58
Let's continue on plastic bags entered supermarkets and Retail chains during the 1970s and 1980s
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1970 ๅนดไปฃใจ 1980 ๅนดไปฃใซใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใŒใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚„ๅฐๅฃฒใƒใ‚งใƒผใƒณใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸ่ฉฑใ‚’็ถšใ‘
76:07
before then, so before, then prior to 1970. So, that would mean in 1965 for example, before
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ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€1970 ๅนดไปฃไปฅๅ‰ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š 1965 ๅนด
76:18
then customers used paper bags to bring groceries and other merchandise back home from the stores,
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ไปฅๅ‰ใฏใ€้กงๅฎขใฏ้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“ใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’ๅฎถใซๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ็ด™่ข‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅบ—่ˆ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
76:27
retailers switch,
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ๅฐๅฃฒๆฅญ่€…ใŒๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ€
76:28
Switch to plastic bags because they were cheaper. Hmm.
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ๅฎ‰ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
76:34
So switch to something. So that is when I wish I didn't throw out my bag. That's when
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆŠ•ใ’ๅ‡บใ•ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใซใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
76:42
you have your single-use bag, which is a plastic bag, and then you switch, and you start using
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ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€ๆฌกใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใฆใ€
76:51
something else. So my reusable bag, we use this a lot. You might say, I think I might,
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ๅˆฅใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฎๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใชใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€็งใฏใใ†
77:02
I think I might
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ๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
77:03
Which two apple, which means right now you are not using Apple products, maybe you're
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็งใฏใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
77:11
using Samsung or something else. And then you're going to start using Apple switch to.
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ Apple ใ‚นใ‚คใƒƒใƒใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚
77:20
If you want to include what you're currently using. You would say, I think I might switch
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็พๅœจไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€็งใฏ Android ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ชใ‚คใƒซใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
77:27
from Android to
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77:31
oil. So we use this with technology. You might switch the type of shampoo you use because
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆบ€่ถณใงใใชใ„ ใฎใงใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒณใƒ—ใƒผใฎ็จฎ้กžใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
77:39
you're not satisfied with it. You might switch what road you take to work because you want
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ใ€‚ ไบค้€š้‡ใฎๅฐ‘ใชใ„ ้“ใŒๆฌฒใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ€้€šๅ‹คใ™ใ‚‹้“ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
77:48
one with less traffic. So you can use this in many, many different ways. Just remember
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
77:56
switch to is the something you're going to start using and switch. From is the
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switch to ใฏใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใฆๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ From ใฏใ€
78:03
Something you're going to stop using.
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ไฝฟ็”จใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
78:08
Let's continue on Americans use roughly 100 billion plastic bags every year. Wow, that
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใฏๆฏŽๅนดใ€็ด„1000 ๅ„„ๆžšใฎใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
78:16
sounds like a lot of plastic bags, roughly means approximately, so it could be 90 billion.
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ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅคงใพใ‹ ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใ 900 ๅ„„ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
78:26
It could be 110 billion. It's approximately approximately. Another way is around.
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1100ๅ„„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŠใŠใ‚ˆใ ใŠใŠใ‚ˆใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
78:36
Round around 100 billion. So around is probably the most casual. It's not slang in any way,
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็ด„1000ๅ„„ๅ††ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‘จใ‚ŠใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใ ๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฑบใ—ใฆใ‚นใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
78:47
but probably the most casual roughly would be in the middle and then approximately would
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชใƒฉใƒ•ใฏ ็œŸใ‚“ไธญใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใใฏ
78:53
be the most formal. For example, you could say, I used roughly 10 plastic bags, last
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใงใ™. ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ๅ…ˆๆœˆใ€็ด„ 10 ๆžšใฎใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
79:06
Month. Now, you could say, I used approximately 10 pasta bakes last month or are around 10
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ๅ…ˆๆœˆใฏ็ด„10ๅ€‹ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚นใ‚ฟ็„ผใใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€็ด„10ๅ€‹ใฎ
79:17
plastic bags, same thing.
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ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™.
79:19
Just a slight difference in the level of formality. Let's continue on plastic bags. Are also a
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ๆ ผๅผใฎ้ซ˜ใ•ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใ†ใ ใ‘ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€
79:26
major source of litter and wind up in the ocean rivers and sewers and harm Wildlife.
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ใ”ใฟใฎไธป่ฆใช็™บ็”Ÿๆบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๆตทใฎๅทใ‚„ไธ‹ๆฐดใซๅทปใไธŠใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€้‡Ž็”Ÿ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใซๅฎณใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใพใ™.
79:34
Let's look at wind up. This is a very useful phrasal verb. So I have my verb to wind and
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ใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไพฟๅˆฉใช ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใซใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
79:40
then my preposition wind up now, wind up, this is used to mean, when you're in a particular
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ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใƒŠใ‚ฆใ€ใƒฏใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚„็Šถๆ…‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใŒใ€
79:48
A situation or condition, but it's usually to be in. I'll say
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้€šๅธธใฏ ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
79:55
And unexpected particular situation or condition.
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็ŠถๆณใพใŸใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ใ€‚
80:07
So this the ocean, the river sewers that is not where these bags are supposed to be they're
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆตทใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใŒๆœฌๆฅใ‚ใ‚‹ในใๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใฏใชใใ€
80:17
supposed to be in the recycling bin, the recycling plant. But if they winds up here, it means
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ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซๅทฅๅ ดใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใƒ“ใƒณใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใฎๅทใฎไธ‹ๆฐด้“ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ“ใ“ใซใŸใฉใ‚Š็€ใ„ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
80:25
they are in that situation or condition in the ocean and it's unexpected or unintended,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆตทใงใใฎ็ŠถๆณใพใŸใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใฏไบˆๆœŸใ—ใชใ„ใพใŸใฏๆ„ๅ›ณใ—ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
80:33
that could be another one unintended.
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅˆฅใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใ—ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
80:37
That they're there. So I might say,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
80:42
I stayed at home last night, but if I added I wind it up.
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็งใฏๆ˜จๅคœๅฎถใซใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅทปใไธŠใ’ใพใ™.
80:56
I have to change this to a gerund because I have my preposition up so I have to use
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
81:03
a gerund grammatically now, if I add it I wind it up staying at home last night, this
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ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๅ‹•ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ๆ˜จๅคœๅฎถใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ
81:10
implies to you that it was unexpected or unintended. So maybe I wanted to go to a party or I wanted
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ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€
81:18
to go to the mall but for some reason I didn't and I wind it up staying
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ใƒขใƒผใƒซใซ่กŒใใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ็†็”ฑใง่กŒใ‹ใšใ€็ตๅฑ€
81:25
Being at home. So that's all it does. It just talks about that the end condition or situation
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ๅฎถใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ต‚ไบ†ๆกไปถใ€็Šถๆณใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™
81:34
or location but implies that it was unexpected or unintended. So, I'll write the original
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไบˆๆƒณๅค–ใพใŸใฏๆ„ๅ›ณใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆš—็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๅŽŸๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใพใ™
81:40
sentence. I stayed at home last night because if I just see this, you have no idea if I
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ใ€‚ ๆ˜จๅคœๅฎถใซใ„ใŸใฎใฏใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ€็งใŒ
81:47
wanted to or if I didn't want to, but if I add wind it up, then you understand that wasn't
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ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใ— ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
81:54
my original.
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ใ€‚
81:55
Tension, just like the intention for these bags is not to be in the ocean.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใฎๆ„ๅ›ณใŒ ๆตทใซๅ‡บใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็ทŠๅผตใ€‚
82:02
So, let's continue on.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
82:06
Plastic bags, do not biodegrade, and only 10% of them are ever recycled. Biodegrade
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ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใฏ็”Ÿๅˆ†่งฃใ›ใšใ€ ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ‚ใšใ‹ 10% ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅˆ†่งฃใฏใ€
82:14
is what happens when it is recycled. So when it biodegrades, it goes back into a different
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ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ็”Ÿๅˆ†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ—ใฆๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ็ด ๆใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™
82:23
material that can be recycled reused but plastic does not do that. Paper bags, on the other
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ใŒใ€ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใใ†ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ–นใ€็ด™่ข‹ใฏใ€
82:30
hand, this is a great expression to show contrast because here
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ
82:35
We're talking about plastic bags. Now, I want to switch to paper bags so I can use on the
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ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’็คบใ™ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใช่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ€็ด™่ข‹ ใงใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็ด™่ข‹ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
82:44
other hand paper bags. On the other hand are more easily recycled than plastic bags and
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ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ—ใ‚„ใ™ใใ€
82:51
are biodegradable. So paper bags do break down into particles that can be recycled reused,
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็”Ÿๅˆ†่งฃๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็ด™่ข‹ใฏ ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ—ใฆๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จใงใใ‚‹็ฒ’ๅญใซๅˆ†่งฃใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
83:01
but some states and cities have moved to band. So to not
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ใŒใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅทžใ‚„้ƒฝๅธ‚ใฏใƒใƒณใƒ‰ใซ็งป่กŒใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™. ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
83:06
Allow paper Banks because they are carbon intensive to produce adding carbon intensive.
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็ด™ใฎ้Š€่กŒใฏ็‚ญ็ด  ้›†็ด„ๅž‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็‚ญ็ด ้›†็ด„ๅž‹ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆ็”Ÿ็”ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่จฑๅฏใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
83:15
This means they take a lot of carbon, so they require a lot of carbon require a lot of carbon.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๅคšใใฎ็‚ญ็ด ใ‚’ๆ‘‚ๅ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๅคšใใฎ็‚ญ็ด ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
83:27
We use this quite a lot, to be honest, I could say this job is very labor.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‹ใชใ‚Š้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ ใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ‰‹้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
83:35
Intensive, which means labor. In this case means, I'm like using my physical strength.
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้›†ไธญ็š„ใ€ใคใพใ‚ŠๅŠดๅƒใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ไฝ“ๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
83:42
This job is very labor-intensive. I have to lift a lot of heavy objects and heavy boxes
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ใ“ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅŠดๅƒ้›†็ด„็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ้‡ใ„็‰ฉใ‚„้‡ใ„็ฎฑใ‚’ๆŒใกไธŠใ’ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใšใ€
83:51
and I'm very exhausted at the end of the day, labor intensive. We use this with time intensive.
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ไธ€ๆ—ฅใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใฏ้žๅธธใซ็–ฒใ‚ŒๆžœใฆใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ๅŠดๅƒ้›†็ด„็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ™‚้–“้›†็ด„็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
84:01
This task is very time intensive so maybe it's not a difficult task but it takes a lot
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅคšใ
84:10
of time. So when you add intensive to the noun is simply means require a lot of and
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ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ่ฉžใซใ€Œ้›†ไธญ็š„ใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅ˜ใซๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€
84:18
then whatever that noun is
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ใใฎๅ่ฉžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
84:23
So that's our article. I hope you learned a lot of great vocabulary and grammar, and
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็งใŸใกใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ™. ใ™ใฐใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใจๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝ
84:29
hopefully now you will start using reusable bags if you don't already. So, now, what I'll
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ใช ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ใพใ ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใ€็งใŒใ‚„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ
84:37
do is, I'll read the article from start to finish so you can focus on my pronunciation
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ใ€่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใง่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้›†ไธญใ—
84:42
and practice along with my pronunciation. So let's do that now.
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ใ€็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใจไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไปŠใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
84:52
Walmart been single use banks in more stores. Walmart will eliminate single use paper and
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ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใฏใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๅบ—่ˆ—ใงไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆใฎ้Š€่กŒใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใฏไปŠๆœˆใ€
84:59
plastic carry out bags at the register from stores in New York Connecticut and Colorado
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใฎใ‚ณใƒใƒใ‚ซใƒƒใƒˆๅทžใจใ‚ณใƒญใƒฉใƒ‰ๅทžใฎๅบ—่ˆ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒฌใ‚ธใงไฝฟใ„ๆจใฆใฎ็ด™ใจใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใฎๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚Š็”จใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚’ๅปƒๆญขใ—ใพใ™
85:06
this month. Walmart offers reusable shopping bags starting at 74 cents for customers. Without
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใฏๅ†ๅˆฉ็”จๅฏ่ƒฝใช่ฒทใ„็‰ฉ ่ข‹ใ‚’้กงๅฎขใซ 74 ใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆไพ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
85:14
their own bags. Walmart's policies will mean the company is ahead of lawmakers in these
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐใชใ—ใ€‚ ใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒซใƒžใƒผใƒˆใฎๆ–น้‡ใฏใ€
85:20
Eights in the growing push to eliminate banks that are typically used once. And then discarded
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้€šๅธธใฏไธ€ๅบฆใ—ใ‹ๅˆฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„้Š€่กŒใ‚’ๆŽ’้™คใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•ใใŒๅผทใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€1970 ๅนดไปฃใ‹ใ‚‰ 1980 ๅนดไปฃใซใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ€
85:28
plastic bags, entered supermarkets and Retail chains during the 1970s and 1980s. Before
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ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใ‚’ๅปƒๆฃ„ใ—ใ€ใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚„ๅฐๅฃฒใƒใ‚งใƒผใƒณใซๅ‚ๅ…ฅใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œไปฅๅ‰ใฏใ€
85:35
then customers used paper bags to bring groceries and other merchandise, back home from stores,
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้กงๅฎขใฏ้ฃŸๆ–™ๅ“ใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎๅ•†ๅ“ใ‚’ๆŒใก่พผใ‚€ใŸใ‚ใซ็ด™่ข‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ๅบ—ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚‹ใจใ€
85:43
retailers switch to plastic bags because they were cheaper. Americans use roughly 100
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ๅฐๅฃฒๆฅญ่€…ใฏๅฎ‰ใ„ใฎใงใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใฏ็ด„ 100 ่ข‹ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Š
85:50
In plastic bags, every year, plastic bags are also a major source of litter and wind
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ใ€ๆฏŽๅนดใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใฏ ใ”ใฟใฎไธป่ฆใช็™บ็”Ÿๆบใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
85:58
up in the ocean rivers and sewers and harm Wildlife. Plastic bags are the fifth, most
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ๆตทใฎๅทใ‚„ไธ‹ๆฐด้“ใซๆตใ‚Œ่พผใฟใ€ ้‡Ž็”Ÿ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใซๅฎณใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใฏใ€ๆตทๆด‹ไฟ่ญทใจ็’ฐๅขƒๆ“่ญทๅ›ฃไฝ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‹ใƒผใƒซ่ข‹ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€5 ็•ช็›ฎใซๆœ€ใ‚‚
86:05
common type of plastic litter according to Ocean conservancy and environmental advocacy
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ”ใฟใงใ‚ใ‚Š
86:12
group plastic bags, do not biodegrade, and only 10% of them are ever recycled.
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ใ€็”Ÿๅˆ†่งฃใ›ใšใ€ ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ 10% ใ—ใ‹ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
86:20
Fairbanks on the other hand are more easily recycled than plastic Banks and are biodegradable.
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚ขใƒใƒณใ‚ฏใฏ ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚นใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ่ฃฝใฎ้Š€่กŒใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใŒๅฎนๆ˜“ใงใ€็”Ÿๅˆ†่งฃๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
86:28
But some states and cities have moved to ban them because they are carbon-intensive to
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€้ƒจใฎๅทžใ‚„้ƒฝๅธ‚ใฏใ€่ฃฝ้€  ใซ็‚ญ็ด ้›†็ด„ๅž‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€็ฆๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‹•ใใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ›ใฆใ„ใพใ™
86:33
produce, amazing job with that article. Now, feel free to hit pause, take a break, go get
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ใ€ ๆฐ—่ปฝใซไธ€ๆ™‚ๅœๆญขใ€ไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ€ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใฟใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Š
86:40
a cup of coffee, or tea review. The vocabulary you just learned and when you're ready, hit
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ใ€ใŠ่Œถใฎใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰ๅ†็”Ÿใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใพใ™
86:46
play. And we'll continue on with the next article.
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ ใ€‚
86:51
Cool. As you can see by this beautiful picture, we're talking about biodiversity. So first
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ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็พŽใ—ใ„ๅ†™็œŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ็งใŸใกใฏ็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใพใš
86:59
let me read the article in full so you have a general idea of the context and you can
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่จ˜ไบ‹ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๆ–‡่„ˆใฎๆฆ‚่ฆใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ—ใ€
87:05
pay attention to my pronunciation as well. And then I will explain some key vocabulary
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็งใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใ‚‚ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้‡่ฆใช่ชžๅฝ™
87:10
and grammar points. So I'll read the article in full now
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ใจๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŒๅ…จใซ่ชญใฟใพใ™
87:14
Biodiversity. Can we set aside a third of our planet for nature? It's being called a
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็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅคšๆง˜ๆ€ง. ๅœฐ็ƒใฎ 3 ๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ใ‚’่‡ช็„ถใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅ–ใฃใฆใŠใใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹ ? ๅœฐ็ƒใฎ 30% ใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ
87:24
last chance for nature 100 countries back in calls to protect 30% of the planet. The
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100 ใ‹ๅ›ฝใŒๅ‘ผใณใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹่‡ช็„ถใซใจใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
87:32
aim is to reach this goal by 2030 and conserve forests and other vital ecosystems in order
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2030 ๅนดใพใงใซใ“ใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ—ใ€ ๆฃฎๆž—ใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎ้‡่ฆใช็”Ÿๆ…‹็ณปใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ—ใฆ
87:40
to restore the natural world.
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่‡ช็„ถ็•Œใ‚’ๅ›žๅพฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
87:44
The 30 by 30 Target is the key. Ambition of the UN biodiversity Summit cop15. But as the
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30 x 30 ใฎใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใŒ้ตใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ›ฝ้€ฃ็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใ‚ตใƒŸใƒƒใƒˆใฎๆŠฑ่ฒ  COP15. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
87:53
talks in Montreal, Canada, move into their final days. There is division over this and
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ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎใƒขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใงใฎไผš่ซ‡ใŒๆœ€็ต‚ๆ—ฅใซ็งป่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใซใคใ‚Œใฆ . ใ“ใ‚Œใจ
88:00
many other targets. Scientists have warned that with forests and grasslands being lost
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ไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŸใกใฏใ€ ๆฃฎๆž—ใ‚„่‰ๅŽŸใŒ
88:07
at unprecedented rates and oceans under pressure from pollution and overfishing.
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ๅ‰ไพ‹ใฎใชใ„้€Ÿใ•ใงๅคฑใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ๆตทใŒ ๆฑšๆŸ“ใ‚„ไนฑ็ฒใฎๅœงๅŠ›ใซใ•ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ญฆๅ‘Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
88:13
Fishing humans are pushing the Earth beyond safe limits. This includes increasing the
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้‡ฃใ‚Šไบบใฏใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใ‚’ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใช้™็•Œใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆๆŠผใ—้€ฒใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ€
88:19
risk of diseases, like SARS Covey Dash to Ebola and HIV spilling over from wild animals
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SARS Covey Dash ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ‚จใƒœใƒฉๅ‡บ่ก€็†ฑใ€HIV ใŒ้‡Ž็”Ÿๅ‹•็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‰
88:29
into human populations.
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ไบบ้–“ใฎ้›†ๅ›ฃใซๆณขๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉใฎ็—…ๆฐ—ใฎใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใŒ้ซ˜ใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
88:32
Under the proposed agreement countries would sign up to targets to expand protected, areas
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ๆๆกˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ”ๅฎšใฎไธ‹ใงใ€ๅ„ๅ›ฝใฏ่‡ช็„ถไฟ่ญทๅŒบใชใฉใฎ ไฟ่ญทๅœฐๅŸŸใ‚’ๆ‹กๅคงใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใซ็ฝฒๅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
88:38
such as nature reserves. It draws inspiration from the so-called father of biodiversity,
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็”Ÿ็‰ฉ ๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใฎ็ˆถใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹
88:45
the biologists Edward Owen Wilson, who called for half of Earth to be protected, but there
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็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅญฆ่€…ใฎใ‚จใƒ‰ใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใƒปใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒณใƒปใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใ‚ฝใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰็€ๆƒณใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใŸใŒใ€
88:52
is debate over. How much land and sea to include and some scientists fear at the targets may
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่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒ็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹. ๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹้™ธๅœฐใจๆตทใฎ้‡ใ€ ใŠใ‚ˆใณไธ€้ƒจใฎ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŒ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’ๆใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅธŒ่–„ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
88:58
be diluted.
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ใ€‚
89:00
So now let's talk about some of the key vocabulary and grammar Concepts. If there's a specific
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้‡่ฆใช่ชžๅฝ™ ใจๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ
89:07
word, you don't understand or grammar concept, feel free to leave it in the comment section
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ๅ˜่ชžใ€็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใŠ ๆฐ—่ปฝใซใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
89:12
and I'll do my best to answer it. So, let's start right at the title here. Biodiversity
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ใงใใ‚‹้™ใ‚ŠใŠ็ญ”ใˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒˆใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅคšๆง˜ๆ€ง
89:17
can we set aside a third of our planet for nature? Excellent question. I certainly hope
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็งใŸใกใฏๅœฐ็ƒใฎ 3 ๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ใ‚’่‡ช็„ถใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅ–ใฃใฆใŠใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ? ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
89:24
we can. Let's take a look at this to set aside. This is
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ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‚่€ƒใซใ€ใฒใจใพใš็ฝฎใ„ใฆใŠใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
89:30
is a phrasal verb. So I have my verb which is set and my preposition aside to set something
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ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใซใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ ่จญๅฎšใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฏ่„‡ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆ
89:38
aside, now you set something aside. In this case, the something is a third of our planet
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่„‡ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฏ่‡ช็„ถใซใจใฃใฆ็งใŸใกใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฎ 3 ๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ใงใ™
89:47
for nature. When you set something aside, it means you reserve it and generally, we
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ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใŠใใจใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไบˆ็ด„ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใ€
89:55
reserve, whatever that it is for a future.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅใฎใŸใ‚ใซไบˆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
90:00
Use. So in the context of our planet, we're saying take 30% of it and reserve it and we're
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ไฝฟ็”จใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฎๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€ ใใฎ 30% ใ‚’็ขบไฟใ—ใ€
90:09
going to reserve it for a specific purpose and not in this case it's nature. So we're
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ็ขบไฟใ™ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‡ช็„ถใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œ
90:14
not going to use it for any other purpose. We use this a lot in a business context,
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ไปฅๅค–ใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ญใ‚นใƒˆใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
90:24
For example can you set aside a few minutes to discuss the project? So you could ask your
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใŸใ‚ใซๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅ–ใฃใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ ? ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธŠๅธใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใ€ๅŒๅƒšใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
90:35
boss this your client this A co-worker. This in this case we're talking about setting aside
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’็ขบไฟใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€1 ๆ—ฅใฎๅ‹คๅ‹™
90:42
time because you have a set amount of time eight hours in your work day, right? And you're
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ๆ™‚้–“ใฏ 8 ๆ™‚้–“ใซ่จญๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ? ใใ—ใฆใ€
90:47
going to reserve an amount of time in this case, just a few minutes.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใปใ‚“ใฎๆ•ฐๅˆ†ใ ใ‘ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ไบˆ็ด„ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚
90:53
For a specific purpose. And in this case that specific purpose is to discuss the project.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฎใŸใ‚ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎ ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
90:59
So for now, get comfortable using this with time but you can absolutely practice with
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ็ตŒ้Žใจใจใ‚‚ใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฟซ้ฉใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€
91:06
other some things as well. Now, I do want to point out. This is a question and I know
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ไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใงใ‚‚็ตถๅฏพใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใพใ™. ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฏ ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ณชๅ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็–‘ๅ•
91:13
this because we're one I'm starting with my modal verb can, which is a question word.
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่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉž can ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
91:19
And I also have a question mark now for pronunciation if you
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ใพใŸใ€
91:23
Go back to when I read the article, you may have noticed something called inflection.
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่จ˜ไบ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใจใใซ้กใ‚‹ใจใ€่ชžๅฝข ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
91:29
When my voice raised at the end, we do that for yes or no questions. So I'm going to read
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ็งใฎๅฃฐใŒไธŠใŒใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใฏใ„ใพใŸใฏใ„ใ„ใˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏ
91:37
this again and notice how my inflection Rises. So my voice is higher at the very end of this
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆ่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€็งใฎๆŠ‘ๆšใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธŠๆ˜‡ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๆฐ—ใฅใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™. ่ณชๅ•ใชใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ–นใŒ็งใฎๅฃฐใฏ้ซ˜ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
91:45
word because it's a question. Can we set aside a third of our planet for nature nature?
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ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใฎ 3 ๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ใ‚’่‡ช็„ถใฎ่‡ช็„ถใฎใŸใ‚ใซๅ–ใฃใฆใŠใใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
91:53
Remember, we do that for yes or no questions. So inflection for, yes, no questions.
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ใฏใ„ใพใŸใฏใ„ใ„ใˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€่ณชๅ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
92:07
Let's continue on it's being called a last chance for nature 100 countries back in calls
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92:16
to protect 30% of the planet. Okay, what does it mean to back calls? Are we talking about
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฎ 30% ใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ 100 ใ‹ๅ›ฝใŒๅ‘ผใณๆˆปใ—ใ€่‡ช็„ถใซใจใฃใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹? ้›ป่ฉฑใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ‹
92:24
a telephone call? In this case, the call is to do something specific, you can call on
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๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅ‘ผใณๅ‡บใ—ใฏ ็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€Sample ใฎ
92:34
someone to do something for
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ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’ๅ‘ผใณๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
92:36
Sample. I call on the government to protect the environment. I'm not calling the government,
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆ”ฟๅบœใซ็’ฐๅขƒใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๅ‘ผใณใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฏๆ”ฟๅบœใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€
92:44
I'm calling on the government. I'm requesting that they do something specific. Now, when
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ๆ”ฟๅบœใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆๆฑ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
92:51
I back a call the verb to back, it means to support. So it's saying that 100 countries
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ back ใ‚’ back ใจๅ‘ผใถใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€100 ใ‹ๅ›ฝใŒ
93:02
support protecting 30 percent of the planet.
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ๅœฐ็ƒใฎ 30% ใฎไฟ่ญทใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
93:06
And remember this call represents the request request to do something. That's the call in
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ‘ผใณๅ‡บใ—ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใฎใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆ ใƒชใ‚ฏใ‚จใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใŒ
93:15
this case. And back means to support support. So let's think of an example. What could I
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎๅ‘ผใณๅ‡บใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใจใฏใ€ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏไพ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
93:27
say the client wants us to back.
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ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใŒ็งใŸใกใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
93:34
Their price increase.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎไพกๆ ผใฏไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
93:40
Notice how I put the client singular but then I put my possessive as a plural there, price
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client ใ‚’ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ—ใŸใฎใซใ€ ๆ‰€ๆœ‰ๆ ผใ‚’่ค‡ๆ•ฐๅฝขใซใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
93:49
increase.
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ใ€‚
93:50
Native speakers do this because the client could be male or female. And when we don't
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใŒ ็”ทๆ€งใพใŸใฏๅฅณๆ€งใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
93:58
want to be gender specific, we use their this isn't official in the dictionary, it's a force
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ๆ€งๅˆฅใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใ—ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€this is not official in the Dictionary ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
94:07
of habit, the correct way. According to the dictionary would be the client wants us to
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็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใฎๅŠ›ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่พžๆ›ธใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใฏ็งใŸใกใŒ
94:13
back his price. Increase her price increase or if you want to be
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ๅฝผใฎไพกๆ ผใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹. ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ€คไธŠใ’ใ‚’ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™ ใ‹ใ€ๆ€งๅˆฅใซไธญ็ซ‹ใซใชใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
94:20
Be gender-neutral. You would have to say his or her price increase because there is no
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ใ€‚
94:28
singular that represents both genders. So native speakers will frequently say there
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ไธกๆ–นใฎๆ€งๅˆฅใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ˜ๆ•ฐๅฝขใŒใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ€คไธŠใ’ใ‚’่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใชใฎใงใ€้ ป็นใซใใ“ใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
94:37
because it's just easier than saying his or her. Just keep that in mind though because
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ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€
94:43
for your IELTS exam this is not currently a grammar. Rule is just
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IELTS ่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ€
94:50
Thing that we do the client wants us to back his price increase in this case back. Remember,
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็งใŸใกใŒ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎๅ€คไธŠใ’ใ‚’็งใŸใกใซๅพŒๆŠผใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ . ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€
95:00
it means support support, you probably know this or it might make sense to you when you
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
95:07
think of the expression, the idiom in English, I got your back. I have your back. If you
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๆ…ฃ็”จๅฅใงใ‚ใ‚‹ I got your back ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใชใ™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ƒŒไธญใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
95:14
say that to someone, it means I support you.
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่ชฐใ‹ใซใใ†่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ”ฏๆŒใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
95:20
Don't worry, I have or I got your back. We use it with both the verb have or the verb.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใ„ใงใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ƒŒไธญใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉž have ใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธกๆ–นใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
95:30
Got both of them are very common. I have your back. I got your back and that means I support
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ƒŒไธญใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ƒŒไธญใ‚’ๅพ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
95:38
you. So that is where this comes from perhaps but now you learned this expression as well.
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. ใใ‚ŒใŒใŠใใ‚‰ใใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็”ฑๆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ไปŠใงใฏใ“ใฎ่กจ็พใ‚‚ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
95:47
So let's continue on.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
95:48
On the aim, aim is another way of saying goal so if you want an alternative added to your
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ใ‚จใ‚คใƒ ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚จใ‚คใƒ ใฏใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใช ใฎใงใ€่ชžๅฝ™ใซ้žๅธธใซใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใง้ซ˜ๅบฆใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅˆฅใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
95:56
vocabulary that sounds very formal and advanced you can use aim. The aim of my project is
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ใ‚จใ‚คใƒ ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใฏใ€
96:04
to instead of the goal, the aim of The Proposal, the aim is to reach this goal by 2030 and
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ๆๆกˆใฎ็›ฎ็š„ใงใฏใชใใ€ 2030 ๅนดใพใงใซใ“ใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใ‚’้”ๆˆใ—ใ€
96:17
conserve forests.
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ๆฃฎๆž—ใ‚’ไฟๅ…จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ช็„ถ็•Œใ‚’ๅพฉๅ…ƒใ™ใ‚‹
96:18
Us and other vital ecosystems in order to restore the natural world. Vital is a great
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ใŸใ‚ใซใ€็งใŸใกใจไป–ใฎ้‡่ฆใช็”Ÿๆ…‹็ณป ใ€‚ Vital ใฏ
96:26
word to add to your vocabulary. It means necessary.
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่ชžๅฝ™ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
96:33
Necessary ecosystems and other vital. When something is vital, you cannot have an option
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ๅฟ…่ฆใช็”Ÿๆ…‹็ณปใŠใ‚ˆใณใใฎไป–ใฎ้‡่ฆใช่ฆ็ด ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้‡่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใชใ—ใงใฏ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
96:42
without it, it has to be there. It's necessary and other vital ecosystems. So for our planet
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ใ€‚ใใ“ใซใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไป–ใฎ้‡่ฆใชใ‚จใ‚ณใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใซใจใฃใฆใ€
96:50
we can't not have fish in the sea that would create widespread disaster across the world,
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ๆตทใซ้ญšใŒใ„ใฆใ€ ไธ–็•Œไธญใซๅคงๆƒจไบ‹ใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ™ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šๅพ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ
97:01
right? So,
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ใญ? ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
97:02
A fish in the sea are vital, they're necessary and an ecosystem is just one element of the
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ๆตทใฎ้ญšใฏไธๅฏๆฌ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€็”Ÿๆ…‹็ณปใฏไธ–็•Œใฎ 1 ใคใฎ่ฆ็ด ใซใ™ใŽใพใ›ใ‚“
97:10
world. One natural element of the world. I'll teach you an advanced sentence structure that
802
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ใ€‚ ไธ–็•Œใฎ 1 ใคใฎ่‡ช็„ถใฎ่ฆ็ด ใ€‚ ใƒใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒซใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™
97:16
you can use with the word vital, because we commonly say, it's vital that I talked to
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ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใ‚ˆใใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
97:26
the client today,
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97:29
So it's saying it's necessary, but vital sounds very strong, it sounds like if I don't talk
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ใƒใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒซใฏ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
97:38
to the client today, something bad will happen. It's vital. So it's very strong. It's almost
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจ่ฉฑใ•ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไธๅฏๆฌ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅผทใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใปใจใ‚“ใฉ
97:47
a little dramatic. It will definitely get someone's attention. Is somebody says, it's
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅŠ‡็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎๆณจ็›ฎใ‚’้›†ใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใซใฏใ€
97:53
vital that I talk to you today. I would want to know what that person.
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚ใชใŸใจ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎไบบใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
97:59
Wants to tell me, because it sounds very important sometimes, even though this is already quite
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็งใซ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ใงใซ้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ™ใŒใ€
98:06
strong, we make this even stronger by saying, it's absolutely vital that I talk to you today
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚ใชใŸ
98:14
or the client today. This is to make it even stronger, but keep in mind you don't need
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ใพใŸใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒ็ตถๅฏพใซไธๅฏๆฌ ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅผทๅŒ–ใ—ใพใ™. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅผทๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใŒใ€
98:19
this because it's already very strong, but you can include it. So you might say, it's
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ใ™ใงใซ้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฟ…่ฆใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
98:26
Vital that I become a fluent and confident I always like to add confident because I know
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็งใŒๆตๆšขใง่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅธธใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ
98:38
a lot of students who are fluent but they're not confident. So I always like to include
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ๆตๆšขใง ่‡ชไฟกใŒใชใ„ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏๅธธใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไธกๆ–นใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
98:44
both of those. It's vital that I become fluent and confident English speaker. Now it might
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ใ€‚ ๆตๆšขใง ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
98:52
be vital because you won't get the job without it, right? Or you won't be able to get up.
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ใชใ—ใงใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ไปŠใงใฏไธๅฏๆฌ ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆ ใญ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€่ตทใไธŠใŒใ‚Œใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
98:59
Motion without it. So, this is a very nice sentence structure, and notice the sentence
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ใใ‚Œใชใ—ใฎๅ‹•ใใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸ ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
99:05
structure to be vital, it is vital that, okay? That and then you have a Claus. A Claus is
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ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ฆใ‚นใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใ‚นใฏ
99:16
simply a sentence. We have a subject, a verb, and an object. So, to be vital that and then
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ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
99:26
your claws practice that in the
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ˆชใŒไธ‹ใฎใ‚ขใƒชใงใใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้‡่ฆใงใ™
99:29
ants below.
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ใ€‚
99:31
Let's continue on the 30 by 30 Target, this 30 by 30. Well, think back it was
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30 x 30 ใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใฎ 30 x 30 ใงใ™ใ€‚
99:41
Right here, 30%, right by 2030. So, it's just a clever way of saying 30% by 2030, 30 by
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๆ€ใ„่ฟ”ใ›ใฐใ€ใ“ใ“ใง 30% ใŒ 2030 ๅนดใพใงใซ
99:52
30 Target is the key. Ambition of the UN biodiversity Summit cop15, you've probably heard about
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30% ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ตใ€‚ ๅ›ฝ้€ฃ็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใ‚ตใƒŸใƒƒใƒˆใฎ้‡Žๆœ› ่ญฆๅฎ˜ 15ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ญใƒฃใƒƒใƒ15ใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€
100:01
caught 15, it's been in the news a lot recently but as the talks in Montreal Canada, whoo-hoo
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ใใ‚Œใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎใƒขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใงใฎไผš่ซ‡ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใƒ•ใƒผใƒ•ใƒผใƒขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใƒผใƒซ
100:09
Montreal I live to our
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็งใฏ็งใŸใกใฎไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹
100:11
Is from Montreal, by the way, but as the talks in Montreal, Canada, move into their final
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ใƒขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใƒผใƒซๅ‡บ่บซใงใ™ใกใชใฟใซใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใฎใƒขใƒณใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใƒผใƒซใงใฎไผš่ซ‡ใŒๆœ€็ต‚ๆ—ฅใซ็งป่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใซใคใ‚Œใฆ
100:18
days. There is division over this and many other targets. If there is division, division
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. ใ“ใ‚Œใจไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๆ„่ฆ‹ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๅˆ†ๆ–ญใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅˆ†ๆ–ญใฏ
100:27
means separation, right? So, it means some countries want this, some countries want this.
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ๅˆ†้›ขใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
100:36
There's Division, I guess another way of saying it might be
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ๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎไธไธ€่‡ดใ‹ใ‚‚ ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
100:40
rement disagreement.
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ใ€‚
100:43
Disagreement, that's a good one and notice our preposition. When you're learning a new
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ไธไธ€่‡ดใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
100:50
word is useful to understand how it's used in a complete sentence. You need the preposition
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ๅˆ†ๅ‰ฒใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆ„่ฆ‹ใฎ
100:56
over division over something and we would use over with disagreement as well, disagreement
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ไธไธ€่‡ดใซใ‚‚ over ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
101:04
over something and the something being this. So that this I guess is the 30 by 30 Target.
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ 30 x 30 ใฎใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
101:14
And many other targets.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใ€‚
101:17
Scientists have warned that with forests and grasslands being lost at unprecedented rates
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็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใŸใกใฏใ€ๆฃฎๆž—ใ‚„ ่‰ๅŽŸใŒๅ‰ไพ‹ใฎใชใ„้€Ÿใ•ใงๅคฑใ‚ใ‚Œใ€
101:24
and oceans under pressure from pollution and overfishing. Okay, let's just stop there because
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ๆตทใŒๆฑšๆŸ“ใ‚„ไนฑ็ฒใฎๅœงๅŠ›ใซใ•ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่ญฆๅ‘Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ‰ไพ‹ใฎใชใ„ใ€ๅ‰ไพ‹
101:31
it's quite a long sentence unprecedented unprecedented, unprecedented. When something is unprecedented.
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ใฎใชใ„ใ€ ๅ‰ไพ‹ใฎใชใ„้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใชใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไปŠใพใงใซใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใใŸใจใใ€‚
101:40
It means it's never happened before.
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ไปŠใพใงใซใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ
101:45
It's never happened before. So this is the first time it's happening. The fact that forests
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ใพใงใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏ ๅˆใ‚ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฃฎๆž—
101:54
and grasslands are disappearing. I'm just going to say 10% per year, no idea of that's
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ใ‚„่‰ๅŽŸใŒๅคฑใ‚ใ‚Œใคใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ€‚ ๆฏŽๅนด 10% ใจใ ใ‘่จ€ใฃใฆใŠใใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
101:59
correct that has never happened before. Is unprecedented, unprecedented rates and oceans
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ใ€‚ ๅ‰ไพ‹ใฎใชใ„ใ€ๅ‰ไพ‹ใฎใชใ„้€ŸๅบฆใจๆตทใŒ
102:09
under pressure from
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102:11
pollution and overfishing over added to the verb. Fishing overfishing means fishing too
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ๆฑšๆŸ“ใ‚„ไนฑ็ฒใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ๅœงๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆๅ‹•่ฉžใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ้ญšใฎไนฑ็ฒใจใฏใ€
102:22
much fishing, too much fishing, too much overfishing humans are pushing the Earth beyond safe limits
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้‡ฃใ‚Šใ™ใŽใ€้‡ฃใ‚Šใ™ใŽใ€้ญšใฎไนฑ็ฒใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅˆถ้™ใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆๆŠผใ—่พผใ‚€ใจใ€ ไบบ้–“ใฏๅฎ‰ๅ…จใชๅˆถ้™ใ‚’
102:33
when you push something Beyond a limit. So this is the limit and Earth is right here
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่ถ…ใˆใฆๅœฐ็ƒใ‚’ๆŠผใ—้€ฒใ‚ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ้™็•Œใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใฏ
102:41
behind the limit.
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้™็•Œใฎใ™ใๅพŒใ‚ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
102:43
And the limit is, you can't go beyond this, okay? But when you push it, it means you're
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ใใ—ใฆ้™็•Œใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŽจใ—้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
102:49
going more than what is wanted or needed or required. So, we use this a lot when we're
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ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ฆๆฑ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไปฅไธŠใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
102:59
doing tasks. I might say this, what task this accounting problem?
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎไผš่จˆๅ•้กŒใฏไฝ•ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ‹ ๏ผŸ
103:11
Is pushing us beyond our limits. And in this case, what could your limits be will? It could
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็งใŸใกใฎ้™็•Œใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้™็•Œใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ใใ‚Œใฏ
103:20
be your knowledge. So, your knowledge of accounting is here, but this project requires your knowledge
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไผš่จˆใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใฏ ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใŒ
103:27
to be here greater than what it currently is. So it could be your knowledge, it could
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็พๅœจใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅ„ชใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€
103:33
be your time, your resources, many other things that could represent that limit
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ณ‡ๆบใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ€ใใฎ้™็•Œใ‚’่กจใ™ไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‹โ€‹โ€‹ใ‚‚ ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
103:40
So that's a good expression, pushing beyond the limits there.
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ใ€‚
103:46
Let's continue on this includes, so they're listing. How the Earth is being pushed Beyond
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ใ“ใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฏใƒซใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ๅœฐ็ƒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใฎ้™็•Œใ‚’่ถ…ใˆใฆๆŠผใ—้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹
103:55
its limits more than wanted needed required necessary. This includes increasing the risk
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ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ€SARS ใชใฉใฎ็—…ๆฐ—ใฎใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ๅซใพใ‚Œใพใ™
104:03
of diseases, like SARS.
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ใ€‚
104:06
Covey to I don't know what this is Covey Dash to Ebola and HIV.
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Covey to ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ Covey Dash to Ebola and HIV.
104:17
Spilling over from wild animals into human populations. When something spills over it
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้‡Ž็”Ÿๅ‹•็‰ฉใ‹ใ‚‰ไบบ้–“้›†ๅ›ฃใธใฎๆณขๅŠ ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ“ใผใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
104:25
is another way of saying transfers. So let's let's say this problem is in the accounting
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็งป่ปขใฎๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใŒใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹็ตŒ็†้ƒจ้–€ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
104:34
department, which is here. But then I have the marketing department here. The problem
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ้ƒจ้–€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ•้กŒใฏ
104:42
should stay in the accounting department but
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็ตŒ็†้ƒจ้–€ใซใจใฉใพใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใŒใ€
104:46
But it might spill over into the marketing department, which means, it, it transfers
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ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ้ƒจ้–€ใซๆณขๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐ้ƒจ้–€ใซ่ปข้€ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
104:54
into the marketing department. So, now that problem is in two places, so we do use this
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ใ€‚ ใใฎ ๅ•้กŒใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’
105:01
for for General problems. So you might actually a good example. I just thought of was my work
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ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ•้กŒใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฎไป•ไบ‹ใŒ
105:10
is spilling over into my personal life, so your work.
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็งใฎ็ง็”ŸๆดปใซๆณขๅŠใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไป•ไบ‹.
105:16
Be here at work but it's spilling over. It's transferring to it's affecting so I guess
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ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใ“ใผใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใชใฎใงใ€
105:23
that's an easy way to think of it. When when a problem.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ„ใคใ„ใค ๅ•้กŒใ€‚
105:31
Or issue in one area starts affecting another area. So, one area, in this case is work,
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹้ ˜ๅŸŸใฎๅ•้กŒใŒๅˆฅใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏ 1 ใคใฎ้ ˜ๅŸŸใŒไป•ไบ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ
105:44
and the other area is your personal life. That happens a lot, right? It could be a conflict,
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้ ˜ๅŸŸใŒ็ง็”Ÿๆดปใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€
105:50
a conflict with someone is spilling over into another relationship for example. So that's
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่ชฐใ‹ใจใฎๅฏพ็ซ‹ใŒ ๅˆฅใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซๆณขๅŠใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
105:57
that's a good expression, practice that one in the comments as well.
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่‰ฏใ„่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚‚ใใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
106:01
It's more of an advanced sentence structure and notices double preposition over. But then,
875
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๆ–‡ๆง‹้€ ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไบŒ้‡ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซๆฐ—ใฅใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ—ไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
106:07
if you want to specify the the part that's receiving, the problem you have to use into
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้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๅฎšใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ•้กŒใฏ
106:15
is spilling over and then this into belongs to the area, that's receiving it. So notice
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒซใ‚ชใƒผใƒใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅ—ไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้ ˜ๅŸŸใซๅฑžใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
106:23
that for, for forming the sentence correctly, let's continue on under the proposed.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใๅฝขๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ ๆๆกˆใฎไธ‹ใง็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
106:31
Agreement proposed means that this has not been officially signed, so it's just proposed,
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ๆๆกˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅˆๆ„ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ๆญฃๅผใซ็ฝฒๅใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆๆกˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€
106:38
it's not official. So something that has been suggested or recommended, but not official
880
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ๅ…ฌๅผใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๆๆกˆใพใŸใฏๆŽจๅฅจใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใพใ ๅ…ฌๅผใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎ
106:51
yet yet, meaning that it can be official in the future, but is also possible that it won't
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ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๅฐ†ๆฅ็š„ใซๅ…ฌๅผใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅ…ฌๅผใงใฏใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
106:59
be official.
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.
107:02
Under the proposed agreement countries would sign up to targets to expand protected, areas
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ๆๆกˆใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅ”ๅฎšใฎไธ‹ใงใ€ๅ„ๅ›ฝใฏใ€่‡ช็„ถไฟ่ญทๅŒบใชใฉใฎ ไฟ่ญทๅœฐๅŸŸใ‚’ๆ‹กๅคงใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็›ฎๆจ™ใซ็ฝฒๅใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
107:09
such as nature Reserves.
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ใ€‚
107:12
It draws inspiration from the so-called father of biodiversity, the biologist Edward, O Wilson
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใฎ็ˆถใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ๅ‘ผใณใ‹ใ‘ใŸ็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅญฆ่€…ใ‚จใƒ‰ใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใƒปOใƒปใ‚ฆใ‚ฃใƒซใ‚ฝใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰็€ๆƒณใ‚’ๅพ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
107:21
who called for half of Earth to be protected. So, here were you seeing this again? He's
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใพใŸใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ๅฝผใฏ
107:28
not calling, he's not making a call, he's requesting something specific happen. So I
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้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ‚‚ใชใใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹็‰นๅฎšใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
107:37
don't know if I wrote the definition before, so I will now to call for
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ๅฎš็พฉใ‚’ไปฅๅ‰ใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
107:42
Something to request something specific to happen, for example, the activists called
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ไฝ•ใ‹ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅ‘ผใณๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆดปๅ‹•ๅฎถใฏ
107:54
for laws to protect the environment. They requested, let's continue. But there is debate
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็’ฐๅขƒใ‚’ไฟ่ญทใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎๆณ•ๅพ‹ใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ่ฆๆฑ‚ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€็ถšใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
108:01
over, how much land and sea to include and some scientists fear, the targets may be diluted.
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ใ€ใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆใฎ้™ธๅœฐใจๆตทๅŸŸใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ่ญฐ่ซ–ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไธ€้ƒจใฎ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใฏใ€็›ฎๆจ™ใŒๅธŒ่–„ๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ‡ธๅฟตใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
108:12
Notice our preposition here, debate over there is debate over something. I'm sure you know
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใกใ‚‰ใฎ่จŽ่ซ–ใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่จŽ่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
108:20
what debate means is when one person wants. This one person thinks that and there is not
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ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒ™ใƒผใƒˆใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎไธ€ไบบใฏใใ†ๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
108:26
agreement but I just want you to notice the preposition here debate over something.
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่ณ›ๅฆไธก่ซ–ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ“ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใฎใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใงใ™ใ€‚
108:34
Now diluted in this case, it's acting as an adjective because I have my verb be be diluted.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€่–„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ่–„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
108:43
When you dilute something, you make it less strong. This is actually commonly used in
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๅธŒ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅผทๅบฆใŒๅผฑใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆ–™็†ใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
108:50
cooking. So let's say I have this small glass of water, right? But let's say this is entirely
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ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€็งใŒใ“ใฎๅฐใ•ใชใ‚ณใƒƒใƒ—ไธ€ๆฏใฎๆฐดใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซใƒฌใƒขใƒณๆฑใ ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
108:58
lemon juice. That would be very strong if I took a sip of that. It
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ใ€‚ ็งใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธ€ๅฃ้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
109:03
Would be very strong. So if I want to dilute it, I need to make this less strong. How do
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅผทใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่–„ใ‚ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅผฑใใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
109:11
I do that? Well, obviously, I can pour water in and when I add water to this lemon juice,
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ใใ‚Œใ€ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‚‰ๅ‡บๆฅใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ๆฐดใ‚’ๆณจใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒขใƒณๆฑใซๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€
109:20
it will dilute the lemon juice. It will make it less strong. So we commonly use this with
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ใƒฌใƒขใƒณๆฑใŒ่–„ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅผทๅบฆใŒๅผฑใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๆถฒไฝ“ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
109:28
liquids. Let's say, you got a cup of coffee and it was just very strong.
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒไธ€ๆฏใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใง ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
109:33
The Taste was so strong. You might dilute it by adding some water. You could do that.
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ๅ‘ณใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅผทใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆๅธŒ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
109:40
You might add some milk as well to make it less strong, but we commonly use it by adding
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็‰›ไนณใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆๆฟƒใใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใฏๆฐดใ‚’ๅŠ ใˆใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
109:45
water. Now, in this case, there are talking about the target. So the targets may be diluted
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. ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใŒ่–„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
109:53
which means less strong, right? Less strong commonly used with
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ๅผทๅบฆใŒไฝŽไธ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ๆ–™็†ใ‚„้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉ ใงไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅผทๅบฆใŒๅผฑใ„
110:04
Cooking or beverages. I'm just going to write my example for you now that lemon juice is
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. ใƒฌใƒขใƒณๆฑใŒ
110:12
too strong. Can I have some water so I can dilute it so I can dilute it in this case
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ๅผทใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็งใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ Can I have some water so I can dilute it so I can dilute it ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’
110:22
is being used as the active verb to dilute something. In this case, it's being used as
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ๅธŒ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
110:29
an adjective to be diluted to be die.
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ๅธŒ้‡ˆใ—ใฆๆญปใฌใจใ„ใ†ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
110:33
Diluted and this is are adjectives diluted. Now are Target's, the targets may be diluted.
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่–„ใ‚ใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่–„ใ‚ใŸๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจใฏใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใฏๅธŒ้‡ˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
110:41
So what are the targets that they're proposing?
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ใงใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒๆๆกˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
110:45
It was 30, right 30%, 30 by 30, 30 percent. So if it's diluted what would the target be?
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30ใ€ๅณ 30%ใ€30 x 30ใ€30% ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ๅธŒ้‡ˆใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใฏไฝ•ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
110:53
Well, it would be anything less than 30, right? That's how it would be less strong. So it
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ30ๆœชๆบ€ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚ŒใฐๅผทๅบฆใŒ่ฝใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
111:00
might be 25% 24% 22%. Hopefully nothing like 10% or 5% because if it were 5% or 10% it
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25% 24% 22% ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใพใใ„ใ‘ใฐใ€ 10% ใ‚„ 5% ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€5% ใ‚„ 10% ใ ใจ้žๅธธใซ
111:11
would be severely diluted, I would say that
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111:15
This is just, you know, a little diluted, this is severely diluted. So that's how you
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ๅธŒ้‡ˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€
111:23
would dilute a Target you and make it less strong. And remember, we commonly use this
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ใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฒใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๅธŒ้‡ˆใ—ใฆ ๅผทๅบฆใ‚’ไธ‹ใ’ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
111:29
with beverages, so that's the end of our article. I hope you enjoyed it and enjoyed all the
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ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใง่จ˜ไบ‹ใฏ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™. ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใจๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
111:35
vocabulary and grammar and the topic is very interesting, isn't it? I wonder if your country
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ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใ‚‚
111:41
is going to participate and Reserve 30% of your
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ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใ€่‡ช็„ถ็’ฐๅขƒใฎใŸใ‚ใ ใ‘ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ›ฝใฎ 30% ใ‚’็ขบไฟใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ‹?
111:45
country just for natural environment. Do you think that's a good idea? Share your thoughts
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„่€ƒใˆใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ไปฅไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’
111:51
in the comments below and I hope you enjoyed this lesson. I'll mazing job with this lesson.
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
111:57
Now what was your favorite new word from this lesson leaves on in the comments below and
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ ไธ‹ใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๆฎ‹ใ—ใ€
112:03
leave an example sentence, practicing your new vocabulary. And if you found this lesson
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ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ—ใฆใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่ชžๅฝ™ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒ
112:09
helpful, please hit the like button, share it with your friends. And, of course, subscribe.
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ๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ„ใ„ใญใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆๅ‹้”ใจๅ…ฑๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
112:13
And before you go, make sure you head
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใๅ‰ใซใ€
112:15
Head to my website and get your free speaking. Guide in this guide, I share six tips on how
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็งใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใ€่‡ช็”ฑใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„. ใ“ใฎใ‚ฌใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๆตๆšขใซ่‡ชไฟกใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆ่ฉฑใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ 6 ใคใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใ€
112:20
to speak English, fluently, and confidently, and until next time, happy studying
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ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงๆฅฝใ—ใๅ‹‰ๅผทใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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